US20010024546A1 - Fiber delivery system for ultra-short pulses - Google Patents
Fiber delivery system for ultra-short pulses Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010024546A1 US20010024546A1 US09/854,154 US85415401A US2001024546A1 US 20010024546 A1 US20010024546 A1 US 20010024546A1 US 85415401 A US85415401 A US 85415401A US 2001024546 A1 US2001024546 A1 US 2001024546A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- source
- laser
- photonic crystal
- locked
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates generally to fiber delivery of ultra-short pulses, and more particularly to the use of photonic crystal fibers in an ultra-short pulse delivery system.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- Fiber delivery systems are desirable for laser systems to provide convenient delivery of an output beam to a target distanced from the source. In particular, for ultra-short pulse lasers, a limiting factor in fiber delivery is the dispersion of the optical fiber.
- At wavelengths of less than 1.27 microns, all step-index fibers have normal dispersion. In this regime, the ultra-short pulses broaden substantially while propagating in a fiber of lengths as short as a few meters. Prism or grating pairs, which provide anomalous dispersion, have been used to compensate the dispersion of the fiber. However, this increases complexity and cost and in the case of grating pairs, is inefficient. Additionally, with a tunable laser, the prism or grating pair requires adjustment as the wavelength is tuned.
- There have been suggestions to use photonic crystal fibers to shift the zero dispersion wavelength to shorter values. In “Group-velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibers”, by D. Mogilevtsev, T. A. Birks and P. St. J. Russell, in Optics Letters 23, 1662 (1998) it is suggested that this may be useful in telecommunication systems. In “Efficient visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm”, by J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler and A. J. Stentz, Postdeadline paper at CLEO 1999 (Optical Society of America), it is shown that in combination with a Ti:sapphire laser, novel non-linear effects are possible.
- There is a need for a fiber delivery system for delivering ultra-short laser pulses. As a result, there is a need for a fiber that has an appropriate value of dispersion at wavelengths where common ultra-short pulse lasers operate.
- Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fiber delivery system for delivering ultra-short pulses.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fiber delivery system with a fiber that has an appropriate value of dispersion at wavelengths where common ultra-short lasers operate.
- These and other objects of the invention are achieved in a system that delivers sub-picosecond pulses. Included is a source that produces an output beam of sub-picosecond pulses at a wavelength no greater than 1.27 microns. A photonic crystal fiber is coupled to the source to receive the output beam.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention illustrating a laser and a photonic crystal fiber.
- The present invention can utilize several sources of ultra-short pulses in the wavelength range between 700 and 1270 nm. The most popular is the Ti:sapphire laser, however other sources include optical parametric oscillators and the Cr doped colquiriites such as LiSAF, LiCAF, LiSCAF and LiSGAF. Also included are longer wavelength ultra-short pulse sources, which are then frequency doubled. Examples include frequency doubled Erbium doped fiber lasers, frequency doubled optical parametric oscillators and frequency doubled Forsterite lasers. Finally, there are sources of sub-picosecond pulses at wavelengths between 1000 and 1100 nm such as Nd or Yb doped glass.
- Additionally, to deliver low power sub-picosecond pulses without substantial pulse broadening, the present invention utilizes a photonic crystal fiber designed to have nearly zero dispersion at the wavelength that the laser operates. For example, a Ti:sapphire laser operating at a wavelength of 800 nm with transform limited pulses with duration of 100 fs, will have a bandwidth of 7 nm. Typical step-index fibers have a normal dispersion D of −120 ps/nm-km at 800 nm. The pulse will broaden by an amount D times the bandwidth, or 840 fs, for each meter of fiber it passes through. To prevent significant broadening the dispersion of the fiber should be kept between −20 and +20 ps/nm-km. Clearly the lower the absolute value of the dispersion, the longer the fiber that can be used without broadening the pulse.
- As the power of the pulse is increased, nonlinear effects will become important. Nonlinear effects, such as self phase modulation (SPM), Raman generation or continuum generation will broaden the bandwidth of the pulse. This distortion of the pulse is clearly undesirable for a sub-picosecond pulse delivery system. A small amount of SPM can be compensated, however, by choosing a fiber with a small amount of anomalous dispersion. When the correct balance is chosen, the pulse becomes a soliton and can propagate long distances in the fiber without changing pulse duration. This is clearly a desirable situation for a sub-picosecond pulse delivery system. To obtain a soliton with a given pulse duration and energy, the dispersion and the core size of the fiber must be chosen appropriately. Consider the Ti:sapphire laser operating at a wavelength of 800 nm with transform limited pulses with duration of 100 fs. For a photonic crystal fiber with a dispersion D of +100 ps/nm-km and a core size of 10 microns, the N=1 soliton will have a peak power of 13 kW. At a repetition rate of 80 MHz this corresponds to 100 mW of average power.
- Referring now to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the present invention is a
system 10 that delivers sub-picosecond pulses.System 10 includes asource 12 of sub-picosecond pulses as described above and aphotonic crystal fiber 14 coupled tosource 12.Suitable sources 12 include but are not limited to a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser, a synchronously pumped OPO, a mode-locked Cr-doped colquiriite laser, a mode-locked fiber laser, a mode-locked Forsterite laser, a mode-locked Nd-doped glass laser, a mode-locked Yb-doped glass laser and the like. A firstoptical device 16 is positioned betweensource 12 andfiber 14. Firstoptical element 16 couples an output beam fromsource 12 into an input end offiber 14. Suitable firstoptical elements 16 include but are not limited to a lens, a waveplate, an attenuator, a filter, a polarizer and combinations thereof. - A second
optical device 18 is positioned at an output end offiber 14 to reduce the divergence of the output beam from 14 fiber and deliver the output beam to a selectedtarget 20. Suitable secondoptical elements 18 include but are not limited to a lens, a waveplate, an attenuator, a filter, a polarizer, an acousto-optic modulator, an electro-optic modulator, a scanner, a microscope and combinations thereof. - Photonic crystal fibers typically preserve the polarization of a linearly polarized input beam that is oriented correctly with respect to
fiber 14. To orient the polarization, a half waveplate can be used. Further, an attenuator, which may consist of a polarizer and waveplate, can be used to adjust the power delivered tofiber 14. The output ofphotonic crystal fiber 14 may be directed to an attenuator, or an acousto-optic or electro-optic modulator to modulate the intensity of the output beam. A scanning system may be used to deflect the direction of the beam. Further, the output offiber 14 may be directed to an optical instrument including a microscope. - In a second embodiment,
fiber 14 is a large core photonic crystal fiber. Typical fibers have core sizes of 1-2 microns in radius. As the power of the ultra-short pulses infiber 14 is increased, nonlinear effects begin to broaden the bandwidth and distort the pulse. Afiber 14 with a larger core size can deliver higher peak power pulses without pulse distortion. For a given length offiber 14 with twice the core size, four times the power can be delivered with a comparable amount of pulse distortion. A practical upper limit is placed on the core size, since the bending losses also increase with larger core size. - In a third embodiment,
fiber 14 consists of a dispersion flattened photonic crystal fiber. In a typical fiber, the dispersion will remain between −20 and +20 ps/nm-km for less than 100 nm. In dispersion flattenedfiber 14, the dispersion remains small over a larger range of wavelengths. When used in conjunction with a tunable source of sub-picosecond pulses, such as a Ti:sapphire laser,fiber 14 allows the delivery of sub-picosecond pulses over a large range of wavelengths. - The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/854,154 US6389198B2 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2001-05-11 | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/317,652 US6236779B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 1999-05-24 | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
US09/854,154 US6389198B2 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2001-05-11 | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/317,652 Continuation US6236779B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 1999-05-24 | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20010024546A1 true US20010024546A1 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
US6389198B2 US6389198B2 (en) | 2002-05-14 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/317,652 Expired - Fee Related US6236779B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 1999-05-24 | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
US09/854,154 Expired - Lifetime US6389198B2 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2001-05-11 | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/317,652 Expired - Fee Related US6236779B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 1999-05-24 | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
Country Status (2)
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US (2) | US6236779B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000072068A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
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US20060263024A1 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-23 | Liang Dong | Single mode propagation in fibers and rods with large leakage channels |
US20080056656A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2008-03-06 | Liang Dong | Large core holey fibers |
CN100445858C (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2008-12-24 | 科赫拉斯公司 | A broad spectrum light source |
US20100157418A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2010-06-24 | Imra America, Inc. | Glass large-core optical fibers |
US7792394B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2010-09-07 | Imra America, Inc. | Photonic bandgap fibers |
US20130038923A1 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Fiber assembly for all-fiber delivery of high energy femtosecond pulses |
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US6236779B1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2001-05-22 | Spectra Physics Lasers, Inc. | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
US7190705B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2007-03-13 | Imra America. Inc. | Pulsed laser sources |
US6885683B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2005-04-26 | Imra America, Inc. | Modular, high energy, widely-tunable ultrafast fiber source |
US7394591B2 (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2008-07-01 | Imra America, Inc. | Utilization of Yb: and Nd: mode-locked oscillators in solid-state short pulse laser systems |
DE10115509A1 (en) * | 2000-06-17 | 2001-12-20 | Leica Microsystems | Arrangement for examining microscopic specimens with a scanning microscope and illumination device for a scanning microscope |
DE20122783U1 (en) * | 2000-06-17 | 2007-11-15 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Arrangement for examining microscopic specimens with a scanning microscope and illumination device for a scanning microscope |
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US6898367B2 (en) * | 2000-06-17 | 2005-05-24 | Leica Microsystems Heidelberg Gmbh | Method and instrument for microscopy |
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FR2828024A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-01-31 | Eric Mottay | Compact wide spectrum ultrashort laser source having rare earth laser source/luminous pump flux /flux wavelength centered laser pump source transmitted sending optical injection photonic crystal fibre. |
JP4472222B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2010-06-02 | 富士通株式会社 | Method, apparatus and system for waveform shaping signal light |
US6897998B2 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2005-05-24 | The Boeing Company | Non-linear optical carrier frequency converter |
US7257302B2 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2007-08-14 | Imra America, Inc. | In-line, high energy fiber chirped pulse amplification system |
US7414780B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2008-08-19 | Imra America, Inc. | All-fiber chirped pulse amplification systems |
CA2535843A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-06-23 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Optical fiber delivery and collection system for biological applications such as multiphoton microscopy, spectroscopy, and endoscopy |
US6996317B2 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2006-02-07 | Fitel U.S.A. Corp. | Optical devices including microstructured fiber sections disposed for transverse signal propagation |
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US20080013586A1 (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2008-01-17 | Spence David E | Narrow band diode pumping of laser gain materials |
US7440176B2 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2008-10-21 | Newport Corporation | Bi-directionally pumped optical fiber lasers and amplifiers |
US7525724B2 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2009-04-28 | The University Of Kansas | Laser system for photonic excitation investigation |
US20070291373A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2007-12-20 | Newport Corporation | Coupling devices and methods for laser emitters |
US7680170B2 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2010-03-16 | Oclaro Photonics, Inc. | Coupling devices and methods for stacked laser emitter arrays |
US7866897B2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2011-01-11 | Oclaro Photonics, Inc. | Apparatus and method of coupling a fiber optic device to a laser |
US8041157B2 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2011-10-18 | Cornell University | Silicon integrated photonic optical parametric amplifier oscillator and wavelength converter |
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US5847861A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1998-12-08 | Spectra Physics Lasers Inc | Synchronously pumped sub-picosecond optical parametric oscillator |
US5365366A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-11-15 | Spectra-Physics Lasers, Inc. | Synchronously pumped sub-picosecond optical parametric oscillator |
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US6097870A (en) | 1999-05-17 | 2000-08-01 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Article utilizing optical waveguides with anomalous dispersion at vis-nir wavelenghts |
US6236779B1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2001-05-22 | Spectra Physics Lasers, Inc. | Photonic crystal fiber system for sub-picosecond pulses |
-
1999
- 1999-05-24 US US09/317,652 patent/US6236779B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-03 WO PCT/US2000/012075 patent/WO2000072068A1/en active Application Filing
-
2001
- 2001-05-11 US US09/854,154 patent/US6389198B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US20130038923A1 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Fiber assembly for all-fiber delivery of high energy femtosecond pulses |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000072068A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
US6236779B1 (en) | 2001-05-22 |
US6389198B2 (en) | 2002-05-14 |
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