US1203265A - Hydraulic power-transmitting apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

C. R. RADCLIFFE.

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMITTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. I4, 1914.

1,203,265. Patented 001. 31,1916.

4 3HEETSSHEET 1- /3 7 IIWIIWI I. Ilpl I II I' 4 BY I 7 i I i 27/ 3 1- ATTORNEY C. R. RADCLIFFE.

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMITTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR- 14, I914.

1,203,265. Patented Oct. 31,1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2- lllll l l Hlml C. R. RADCLIFFE.

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMITTING APPARATUS.

1 ,203,265 Patent-ed Oct. 31, 1916;

4 EEEEEEEEEEE 3.

c. R. RADCLIFFE.

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMITTING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14} 19M.

1,203,265, Patented Oct. 31,1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Fig 7' DIIIIIIII- CARLTON R. RADCLIFFE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

HYDRAULIC POWER-TRANSMITTING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 14, 191s. Serial No. 824,773.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CARLTON R. RAD- CLIFFE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Power-Transmitting Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in hydraulic power transmitting apparatus of the type disclosed in my pending application for U. S. Letters Patent, $61. No. 381,342, filed June 28, 1907. In this application a structure is described comprising a primary turbine wheel, in the form of acentrifugal pump impeller, and a secondary turbine wheel, said wheels, in combination with the inclosing casing, being arranged in such a manner that the energy of the liquid developed in the primary wheel is transmitted to and utilized in said secondary wheel, the casing serving to guide the liquid, leaving the secondary wheel, back to the primary wheel, that is to say to the eye of the impeller.

One of the characteristics of a power transmitting apparatus of this type is that the power which the impeller, that is to say the driving member, imparts to the secondary turbine wheel, that is to the driven member, varies as the square of the number of revolutions of the impeller. Taking into consideration this fact, it will be obvious thrt hydraulic power transmitting devices of the type mentioned are greatly limited in their uses, in fact they can be economically made use of only Where the turning effort, that is to say the torque to be applied to the driven shaft is fairly constant, or in other Words where the load applied to the driven member is substantially constant.

From the foregoing it is obvious that a power transmitting apparatus of the class described cannot be used economically upon motor vehicles for the reason that the torque required greatly varies depending. for instance, upon the conditions of the road. Now, if, for instance, the power transmitting device were made large enough to overcome economically the load applied to the driven member at a moderate number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle, it is obvious that, due to the fact that the power transmitted varies, as above stated, as the square of the revolutions per minute, the power transmitting apparatus w1ll under certain conditions and on certain roads prevent the motor from rotating at a speed that will enable it to exert its full power. If, on the other hand, the impeller of the hydraulic power transmitting apparatus is designed small enough to allow the motor to drive at its maximum power, then the speed necessary for the engine to run under normal conditions will be too high to be economic.

It has been found that the hydraulic power transmitting apparatus of the character above described can be designed so as to permit the driven member to rotate at any desired speed relative to that of the driving member; however, the greatest efficiency is obtamed when the said two members rotate at about the same speed, that is to say where the ratio of transmission is almost 1:1. While the efficiency of these devices has been found to be very high at the ratio stated, it decreases materially as soon 'as there is a material difference in speed between the two. members of the transmission.

One of the objects of the present invention is to produce a power transmitting apparatus wherein the transmission of power is effected by hydraulic means that is combined with gears, whereby the defects of the ordinary hydraulic power transmitting apparatus above described are effectively done away with.

Another object of the invention is to provide a variable speed power transmitting apparatus, which, while it possesses all the properties of the hydraulic power transmitting devices, practically automatically adapts itself to the torque required.

A further object of the invention is to construct a power transmitting apparatus of the character mentioned wherein the hydraulic means may be cut out and the transmission will still remain operative, for instance in case the driving fluid is lost.

\Vith these and other objects in view, which will more fully appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the combination, arrangement and construction of parts hereinafter fully described, pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it being understood that many changes may be made in the size and proportion of the several parts and details of construction within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit Patented Oct. 31, 1916. V

' or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

A few of the many possible embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through a power transmitting apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a front elevation of a detail of construction; Fig. 4 is a plan view of said detail; Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken through a portion of a modified device; Fig. 6 is a similar section taken through another modification of the invention; Fig. 7 is a similar section taken through another modified apparatus; and Fig. 8 is a similar section taken through a still further modification of the invention.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 1 to 1, inclusive, the numeral 10 indicates a closed casing that is made of two parts 11 and 12, which are suitably fastened together. This casing may be attached by screws 13, or otherwise, to the crankshaft 11 of an internal combustion engine or other motor. The part 11 of the casing is provided with a heavy external ring 15, acting as the fly-wheel of the engine. Within the part 11 of the casing is formed a primary turbine wheel 16 in the form of a centrifugal pump impeller, the blades 17 of which are shown in the drawings made integral with the inclosing casing. \Vithin the casing is disposed a secondary turbine wheel 18, that is to say a turbine rotor having the usual blades 19. To the blades 17 of the impeller is attached a ring 20, forming the front wall of the passages that are provided by the said blades. and at the same time the rear wall of the passages between the blades 19 of the turbine wheel 18. The outlet of the discharge side of the primary wheel fits as closely as possible to the admission side of the secondary wheel, the outlet side of the secondary wheel being, however, disposed at a suitable distance from the inlet side of the primary wheel, whereby. a sump is formed, as it were, into which the liquid is discharged from the secondary wheel and from which it is drawn into the eye of the impeller as the latter rotates. To the part 11 of the casing is centrally attached a hollow cylindrical member 21 that is provided upon its free end with a flange Upon this member is rotatably mounted the secondary turbine wheel 18, rings 23 and 2t abutting against the turbine wheel 18, and the flange 22 and the part 11 of the casing, respectively, and serving to take up the endwise thrust of said secondary turbine wheel. The driven shaft, which is made hollow for a purpose hereinafter to be described, is indicated by the numeral 25, its inner end being disposed in the bore of the cylindrical member 21. This driven shaft carries within the casing 10 two disks 26, which are suitably spaced apart by means of transverse strips 27. These disks are provided at diametrically opposite points thereof with registering holes 28, in which are disposed hollow spindles 29, which are held in place upon said disks by screws 30, or otherwise. Upon each of the spindles 29 is rotatably mounted a gear 31, in mesh with an internal gear 32, that is fastened in any suitable manner to the secondary turbine wheel 18, and furthermore with a sun gear 33, that is formed upon a tubular member 34, the latter being disposed concentrically with the driven shaft 25 and being fastened, for instance, by means of screws 35 to the casing 10 of the apparatus. From the foregoing it appears that the gears 31 are planet wheels, the connection between the driving member, the driven shaft and the secondary turbine wheel being made in the form of a planetary power transmitting apparatus.

The hollow cylindrical member 21 is provided with a plurality of apertures 36, which register with passages 37 that lead to the eye of the impeller 16. In the rear wall of the turbine rotor there are provided a plurality of openings 39, through which some of the drivingfiuid is permitted to How in the direction of the arrows toward and through openings 40 in the tubular member 31 into the annular space formed between the driving shaft and the said tubular member. The bore in the driven shaft is, preferably, connected with the lower water chamber of the radiator of the internal combustion engine, the annular space between the said shaft and the tubular member 31 being connected with the upper water chamber of said radiator. The purpose of this arrangement is to cause a circulation ofthe working fluid through the radiator where it is effectively cooled. This arrangement, however, does not form part of the present invention, it being clearly described and claimed in my application for Letters Patent, Ser. No. 769,912, filed May 26, 1913.

The operation of this device is as follows: It is to be observed that the sun gear 33 rotates at the speed of the driving shaft 14, that is to say at the speed of the motor, the

rotation of which is to be transmitted tothe device connected with the driven shaft If the motor is running at slow speed, the driven shaft will remain stationary, that is to say the spindles 29 do not change their position relative to the driving shaft for the reason that at a slow rotation of the driving shaft, there is not enough turning effort applied to the shaft 25 which would be sufiicient to overcome the resistance of the device that is connected with the driving shaft, say for instance the driven wheels of a motor vehicle. Under these conditions the planet gears 31, the ring gear 32 and the secondary turbine wheel 18 connected thereto will run in a direction opposite to that of the sun gear 33, that is to say in a direction opposite to that of the driving shaft 14. Obviously, as the impeller 16 is being rotated, liquid flows through the same, thereby receiving energy which is transmitted to the secondary turbine wheel, through which the liquid returns again to the primary wheel. The energy which is imparted to the liquid in the primary wheel at slow speed is, however, not sufiicient to retard the rotation in the reverse direction of the secondary wheel, and consequently thespindles carrying the planet gears remain stationary. As the speed of the impeller increases, the energy of the liquid flowing therethrough becomes strong enough to slow down the rotation in the reverse direction of the secondary turbine wheel. As soon as the secondary wheel slows down, the internal gear 32 becomes a fulcrum for the planet gears, which will thus rotate slowly around the sun gear in the direction of the latter, thereby rotating the spindles, or in other words the driving shaft 25 connected therewith at a highly reduced ratio, which ratio gradually decreases and the speed of the driven member increases until the energy imparted to the liquid in the impeller has so much retarded the rotation of the secondary turbine wheel until the latter comes to a full stop, when a fixed ratio is obtained. At this point the energy of the operating liquid, which is transmitted to the secondary turbine wheel, causes the latter to rotate in the direction of the driving member, the speed of said secondary turbine wheel increasing gradually until it reaches that of the driving member, or in other words until the internal gear and the sun gear rotate at the same speed. As soon as'this happens, there is no relative motion between the members of the planetary gear transmission with the result that a direct drive is obtained, that is to say the driven member rotates at the speed of the driving member. If now a greater load is applied to the driven member, for instance if the motor vehicle runs uphill or on a heavy road, the secondary turbine wheel will tend to slow down. If the-energy of the streams of water issuing from the primary turbine wheel is not sufiicient to prevent the secondary turbine wheel from slowing down,

the latter will obviously proceed to do so,

the torque imparted to the driven member, of course, gradually increasing due to the planetary action of the gears, until finally the secondary turbine wheel has ceased to turn in a positive direction, that is to say I in the direction of rotation of the'primary turbine Wheel. When this occurs, a direct geared reduction is obtained with a corre sponding increase in torque. If the load applied to the driven member is still too heavy, the secondary turbine wheel will start to revolve in the opposite direction with a corresponding increase of its torque. From this it appears that whenever the load applied to the driven member increases, the secondary turbine wheel slows down with the result that the torque applied to the driven member gradually and automatically increases.

A modification of the invention is shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, differing from the one above described in that means are provided for regulating the flow of the liquid from the primary turbine wheel to the secondary turbine wheel, such means serving, if necessary, to shut off the flowaltogether. This means comprises a ringshaped member 41, which is mounted upon a spider 42, said ring-shaped member being adapted to be shifted in the direction of the axis of the driven shaft into the gap 43 between the primary turbine wheel 16 and the secondary turbine wheel 18. For the purpose of effecting the motion of said ring, a collar 44 is mounted upon the tubular member 34, said collar being connected with the spider 42 by rods, or other connecting means, 45. The collar may be shifted by a lever (not shown). Otherwise the construction and operation of this device are in all respects identical with those of the apparatus above described.

A further modification of the invention is shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings. This modification shows another type of planetary gear transmission. In a bracket 46 and in the secondary turbine wheel 18 there are mounted spindles 47, which carry each spur gears 48 and 49, the spur gears 48 meshing with a gear 50, that is keyed or made integral with the driven shaft 25, the gears 49 meshing with a gear 51, which is keyed or made integral with the tubular member 34, the latter being, as above described, fixedly attached to the casing 10 and thus to the driving shaft. The operation of this device is the same as of those hereinabove described. 1 i

A further modification of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 7. of the drawings. This device comprises a easing"52,which incloses a primary turbine wheel 53, that is in any suitable manner fixed to it or cast integral with the same, a secondary turbine wheel 54 within said casing being disposed in operative relation to said primary wheel. The secondary wheel is provided with a sleeve 55, that extends through the casing and serves as. a bearing for the driven shaft 56. To the sleeve is keyed, or otherwise attached, a brake pulley 57, its brake band being shown at 58. The driving shaftfit) is fastened to the casing, the latter carrying internally a sun gear 60, meshing with planet gears 61, which in turn, mesh with an internal gear 62, that is connected to the secondary turbine wheel 54. The planet gears ()1 are carried by spindles 63, the latter being fixed to a disk 64, that is .rigidly connected with the driven shaft 56.

A sliding valve is disposed within the primary turbine wheel and adapted to be actuated by the intermediary of a collar 66, that is rigidly connected by rods 67, or otherwise, with the said sliding valve. By means of this valve, the flow of the liquid in the circuit may be regulated or altogether shut off. In the valve are provided a plurality of openings 68 to permit the liquid to pass from the front side of said valve to its rear as the said valve is being actuated. The casing 52 is divided by a diaphragm 69, that is disposed in rear of the planetary gear transmission, the space in front of said diaphragm being filled with the actuating liquid, a communicationbetween the interior of the secondary turbine wheel and the space in rear of it being made through a plurality of openings 70 in said wheel. The operation of this device is identical with those of the devices above described. It is to be noted, however, that whenever a very heavy load is applied to the driven member, for instance if the motor vehicle on which the transmission is being used runs on a long stretch of heavy road or on a long steep grade, the braking effect of the primary turbine wheel that is utilized to prevent the secondary turbine wheel from rotating in a reverse direction causes a certain loss of the power of the prime mover. Under such abnormal conditions, for economy sake, the sliding valve 65 is shifted so as to shut off the flow of the operating liquid, and the brake band applied to the brake pulley so as to hold the secondary turbine wheel against rotation. The transmission of power then takes place through the gears, and more particularly a positive drive is obtained. If for some reason the driving fluid is lost, it is only necessary to'hold the secondary turbine wheel against rotation in the manner above described to obtain a transmission of power.

It has been found by experiments that, whenever oil or a similar fluid is used in a transmission of the type described as an operating liquid and air can be excluded from the casing, there will be no trouble experienced from foaming of the fluid. By inserting the diaphragm 69 above mentioned into the casing, the latter can be en- 'tirely filled and yet the liquid therein expanded or contracted as the oil is being heated up or cooled. Obv1ously when the volume of the liquid, due to heating action,

increases, the diaphragm will bulge out in one direction, to return to its normal position as soon as the temperature of the liquid becomes normal. The diaphragm relieves at the same time undue pressure on the stalling boxes of the device.

A further modification of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawings, differing from the one described in Fig. 7 in that its primary and secondary turbine wheels are provided with cotiperating conical clutch surfaces 71 and 72, respectively, the secondary turbine wheel being shiftably arranged in the casing. The means for shifting the secondary wheel may be made in the form of a lever (not shown in the drawings), which engages a groove 73 in the hub of the brake pulley 57.

If the secondary turbine wheel is shifted into the position shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings, in which the said secondary wheel is locked to the casing of the apparatus, the driven shaft is rotated at the speed of the driving shaft, all parts of the apparatus being locked together. When the secondary turbine wheel is in its normal position, that is to say unlocked from the casing, and held against rotation by applying the brake band 58, obviously the driven shaft will rotate at a reduced speed relative to that of the driving shaft. Otherwise the operation of this device is identical with those described in connection with the several apparatus above mentioned.

From the foregoing it appears that the common characteristic of the devices herein described is the train of gears between the driving shaft and the driven shaft, the driving shaft actuating one member of a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, the other member of which carries one or more of the gears of said train. Transmission of power takes place mainly through the train of gears, the hydraulic device modifying the speed and the torque of the transmission.

It is to be observed that instead of'th'e hydraulic transmission elements, other means, for instance electric, may just as well be used.

What I claim is 1. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft. a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a gearing connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gearing being car ried by said driven shaft.

2. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid. a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gear being carried by said driven shaft.

3. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and a gearing connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, one or more of the members of said gearing being carried by said driven shaft.

4. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and a planetary gear connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, one or more of the members of said gear being carried by said driven shaft.

5. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, the combination with a casing containing a liquid, of a primary turbine wheel therein, a. secondary turbine wheeldisposed in said casing, and a planetary gear connecting said two wheels.

6. In a hydraulic power transmittingapparatus, the combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casingconnected to said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and means whereby the speed and direction of rotation of said secondary wheel is controlled by the speed of said primary wheel and the load applied to said secondary wheel.

7. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, the combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected to said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and means whereby the speed and direction of rotation of said secondary wheel is controlled by the speed of said primary wheel.

8. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, the combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid,

a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected to said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a planetary gear connecting said two wheels and said driven shaft.

9. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, the combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected to said driving shaft, 21 secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a gearing connecting said two wheels and said driven shaft.

10. In a hydraulic power transmitting ap paratus, the combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected to said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, means adapted to hold said secondary wheel against rotation, and means connecting said two wheels and said driven shaft, whereby a drive is im parted to the latter as said secondary wheel is held against rotation.

11. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, the combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected to said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, means adapted to hold said secondary wheel against rotation, and means connecting said two wheels and said driven shaft, whereby a drive is automatically imparted to the latter as said secondary wheel is held against rotation.

12. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, the combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected to said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and means whereby the speed and direction of rotation of said secondary wheel is automatically controlled by the speed of said primary wheel and the load applied to said secondary wheel.

13. In a hydraulic power transmitting apparatus, the combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected to said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and means whereby the speed and direction of rotation of said secondary wheel is automatically controlled by the speed of said primary wheel.

14. A planetary gear comprising a sun gear, planetary gears and a fulcrum for said planetary gears, and hydraulic means for imparting a variable drive to said fulcrum.

15. A planetary gear comprising a sun gear, planetary gears and a fulcrum for saidplanetary gears, and hydraulic means for imparting a drive to said fulcrum.

16. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and means connecting said two wheels and driven shaft, whereby said secondary wheel is caused to run in a reverse direction as either the speed of said primary wheel or the load applied to said driven shaft is varied beyond a certain limit.

17. The combination with a driving and driven shaft, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected to said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel within said casing, and a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, the fulcrum for the planet gears of said gear being carried by said secondary turbine wheel.

18. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine Wheel in said casing, and a gearing connecting said two wheels, whereby said driven shaft is adapted to rotate at a speed differing from that of said secondary wheel.

19, In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, whereby said driven shaft is adapted to rotate at a speed difiering from that of said secondary wheel.

20. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and planetary gear connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, whereby saidudriven shaft is adapted to rotate at a speed differing from that of the driven element of said hydraulic transmitting means.

21. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a gearing connecting said two wheels, whereby the said secondary wheel is adapted to rotate in a direction opposite to'that of said driving shaft.

In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, whereby the said secondary wheel is adapted to rotate in a direction opposite to that of said driving shaft.

23. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and

a gearing connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, whereby the said driven element is adapted to rotate in a direction opposite to that of said driving shaft.

24. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and a planetary gear connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, whereby the said driven element is adapted to rotate 'in a direction opposite to that of said driving shaft.

25. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a fluid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a gearing connecting said two wheels, whereby said driven shaft is adapted to rotate in the direction of the driving'shaft while said secondary wheel is rotating in an opposite direction.

26. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a fluid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, whereby said driven shaft is adapted to rotate in the direction of the driving shaft while said secondary wheel is rotating in an opposite direction.

27. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and a gearing connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, whereby said driven shaft is adapted to rotate in the direction of the driving shaft while said driven elementof the hydraulic transmission is rotating in an opposite direction.

28. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft. and a planetary gear connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, whereby said driven shaft is adapted to rotate in the direction of the driving shaft while said driven element of the hydraulic transmission is rotating in an opposite direction.

29. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a and a gearing connecting said two wheels,

whereby the torque of said primary wheel automatically adjusts itself to the load applied to said'driven shaft.

30. In a power transmitting apparatus,v

the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, whereby the torque of said primary wheel automatically adjusts itself to the load applied to said driven shaft.

31. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and a planetary gear connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, whereby the torque of the driving element of the hydraulic transmission automatically adjusts itself to the load applied to said driven shaft.

32. In power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, and means connecting said two wheels, whereby the torque of said primary wheel automatically adjusts itself to the load applied to said driven shaft.

33. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and a planetary gear connecting the driving anddriven elements of said hydraulic power transmitting means and said driven shaft, said gear being arranged in such a manner that a portion of the power is transmitted from said driving shaft to said driven shaft mechanically and a portion hydraulically.

3i. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and a gearing connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic power transmitting means and said driven shaft, said gearing being arranged in such a manner that a drive is adapted to be imparted to said driven shaft at times when said driven element is kept stationary, the transmission of power taking place through said gearing alone when the driven element of the hydraulic transmission is kept in such stationary position.

35. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the drivingand driven shafts, of a hydraulic power transmitting means, the-driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, and a gearing connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic power transmitting means and said driven shaft, said gearing being arranged in such a manner that a drive is adapted to be imparted to said driven shaft at times when said driven element is kept stationary, the transmission of power being automatically shifted to said gearing when said driven element is kept stationary.

36. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary.

turbine wheel in said casing, a gearing connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gearing being carried by said driven shaft, and means for varying the speed of said secondary wheel while maintaining the speed of said primary wheel.

37. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gear being carried by said driven shaft, and means for varying the speed of said secondary wheel while maintaining the speed of said primary wheel.

38. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the'driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving clement of which is connected with said driving shaft, a planetary gear connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, one or more of the members of said gear being carried by said driven shaft, and means for varying the speed of the driven element of said hydraulic transmission while maintaining the speed of the driving element of said hydraulic transmission.

39. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, a gearing connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gearing being carried by said driven shaft, and mechanical means for arresting the rotation of said secondary wheel.

40. In a power transmitting apparatus,

tliecombination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, at primary turbine Wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, :1 secondary turbine wheel in said casing, a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gear being carried by said driven shaft, and mechanical means for arresting the rotation of said secondary wheel.

41. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, a gearing connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, one or more of the members of said gearing being carried by said driven shaft, and mechanical means for arresting the rotation of the driven element of said hydraulic transmitting means.

12. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, a planetary gear connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, one or more of the members of said gear being carried by said driven shaft, and me-- chanical means for arresting the rotation of the driven element of said hydraulic transmitting means.

43. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, a gearing connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gearing being carried .by said driven shaft, mechanical means for arresting the rotation of said secondary wheel, and means for preventing the development of the energy of the liquid in said primary wheel.

44. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, a gearing connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gearing being carried by said driven shaft, mechanical means for arresting the rotation of said secondary wheel, and means for preventing a circulation of the liquid through said primary and secondary wheels.

45. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a

.primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, a gearing connecting said two wheels, one or more of the members of said gearing being carried by said driven shaft, mechanical means for arresting the rotation of said secondary wheel, and means for cutting out the action of said primary wheel.

46. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casing connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, a gearing connecting said two wheels, certain of the members of said gearing being carried by said driven shaft, and means for locking said secondary wheel to said primary wheel.

47. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of a casing containing a liquid, a primary turbine wheel within said casmg connected with said driving shaft, a secondary turbine wheel in said casing, a planetary gear connecting said two wheels, certain of the members of said gear being carried by said driven shaft, and means for locking said secondary wheel to said primary wheel. I

48. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, a gearing connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, certain of the members of said gearing being carried by said driven shaft, and means for locking the driven and driving elements of said hydraulic transmission together.

49. In a power transmitting apparatus, the combination with the driving and driven shafts, of hydraulic power transmitting means, the driving element of which is connected with said driving shaft, a planetary gear connecting the driving and driven elements of said hydraulic transmitting means, certain of the members of said gear being carried by said driven shaft, and means for locking the driven and driving elements of said hydraulic transmission together.

50. In a device of the character described, the combination wth a plurality of driving elements adapted to be actuated from a single source of power, a driven element actuated thereby, and fluid pressure means disposed in power transmitting relation between said driving elements for controlling the relative speeds thereof, whereby the speed of said driven element may be varied.

51. In a device of the character described, the combination of a plurality of driving elements, means for actuating one of said driving elements from the other, a driven clement actuated by said driving elements, said means including fluid pressure means disposed in power transmitting relation between said driving elements, for controlling the relative speeds thereof, whereby the speed of said driven element may be varied.

52. In a device of the character described, the combination of a plurality of driving elements, fluid pressure means for actuating one of said driving elements from the other, a driven element actuated by said driving GleIIlEIltS, and means for controlling said fluid pressure means to vary the ,relative speeds of said driving elements, whereby thedspeed of said driven element may be varle 53. In a device of the character described, the combination of a plurality of driving elements, fluid pressure means for actuating one of said driving elements, a driven element actuated by said driving elements, and means for controlling said fluid pressure means to vary the relative speeds'of said driving elements, whereby the speed of said driven element may be varied.

54:. In a device of the character described,

the combination of two rotatable members, a third member adapted to be actuated thereby, and fluid pressure means disposed in power transmitting relation between said rotatable members for controlling the relative speeds thereof, whereby the speed of said third member may be varied.

55. In a device of the character described, the combination of two rotatable members adapted to be actuated from a single source of power, fluid pressure means disposed between one of said members and the source of power, a third member adapted to be actuated by said rotatable members, and means for controlling said fluid pressure means to vary the relative speeds of said rotatable members, whereby the speed of said third member may be varied.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 21st day of January, A. D. 1914.

CARLTON R. RADCLIFFE.

Witnesses:

S. BnzNBAUM, SIGMUND Hnnzoe.

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