EP3130865A1 - Self-powered outlet with flow control and method for controlling an associated cmv installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention consists of a ventilation vent for ventilation installation, which comprises a flow sensor (12) and means (13, 15) for autonomously controlling the flow rate of air passing through it at a given flow set point. . The ventilation opening further comprises an independent power supply (14) that supplies all the electrical and electronic elements necessary for its operation. The flow setpoint is either a fixed value given or a function value determined from a variation law of an external parameter provided by one or more sensors (16) carried by the mouth or by external elements to the mouth. The invention also consists of a ventilation installation using such ventilation outlets (10) and a method for regulating the operation of such an installation, which method exploits the characteristics of the ventilation outlets according to the invention.

Description

The invention relates to the general field of ventilation systems of premises for private or professional use. It relates more particularly to the ventilation vents that equip such systems.

In the field of ventilation systems and ventilation of premises the use of ventilation outlets, extraction in particular, is widespread. Ventilation by means here a device serving as a termination at the end of a ventilation duct that opens into a room, this termination having both an aesthetic role of masking the orifice through which the pipe leads into the room and diffusion, limitation, adjustment or modulation, the flow of air flowing through this opening. These mouths meet in both individual habitat as a collective, and in the premises for professional use.

Prior art is known extraction mouths formed as simple openings (mouths "holes"), which simply constitute a pressure drop, so that the air flow through such a mouth is directly related to the pressure downstream of these, without local regulation possible.

There are also known so-called "self-adjusting" extraction vents that are designed to pass a nearly constant flow for a pressure that can vary within a limited limited range.

Thus, for example an extraction mouth can be sized to extract 30m ³ / h for a depression maintained between 50Pa and 160Pa. Below and above this range, the flow rate of 30m3 / h will no longer be unconditionally maintained.

In practice, the regulation technologies implemented in this type of mouths, of mechanical type, associating a reduced air passage section, with flaps and springs, have a limited precision, so that sensitive flow differences, even over its control range. In addition, a significant minimum pressure is required for the proper operation of the mouth, due to the reduced section reduced air passage required for regulation.

We also know extraction mouths called "Humidity adjustable" which are equipped with an opening that opens more or less, depending on a measure of hygrometry level even the mouth. Usually, this measurement is performed by a textile braid, again acting on a mechanical system for opening a flap of an already reduced air passage section. These vents are designed so that the flow is a function of the humidity of the extracted air, but it is also very sensitive to the temperature of the room and, above all, depending on the suction pressure downstream of the mouth.

Also known extraction mouths designed, such as moisture-sensitive vents, to modulate the flow of air through them by means of a flap, but for which the adjustment of the position of the flap in the orifice of the mouth responds to another criterion, which may be air quality (VOC, CO2 for example), the presence of a user (motion sensor, microphone) or a user request (activation of large kitchen flow). In the same way, this type of mouth does not effectively regulate the flow of exhaust air depending on the pressure downstream of the mouth, because this flow is dependent on the position of the flap, but also the pressure of suction downstream of the mouth.

Such mouths do not regulate satisfactorily, because in the case of a central ventilation system, each mouth will be subjected to a different suction pressure, depending on its position in the air network. As a result, for the same conditions of ventilation need (detection of humidity, presence or user demand), the flow rates through each mouth will be different.

At the present time, no type of mouth capable of regulating, in any circumstance, effectively in terms of reaction time and precision the flow of air passing through it when the pressure downstream of the mouth varies in a sensible way. But the variation of this pressure is a given inherent to the operation of ventilation systems, especially those using a central ventilation unit to which are connected the different independent ventilation vents through ventilation ducts of varying lengths.

Generally, downstream of these extraction vents, centralized ventilation systems are dimensioned and adjusted at the facility to maintain an operating regime adapted to meet the maximum need for flow and pressure of the installation. It may be for example a maintenance of a constant suction pressure of the ventilation unit, adapted to ensure a minimum operating pressure at each of the ventilation openings and in particular at the level of the most disadvantaged mouth in pressure, when all the mouths are in "open" position (that is to say in maximum demand of flow) and that the losses of load of the ventilation network are maximum.

Thus, when few extraction outlets are open, the pressure losses of the network are reduced, and a ventilation box regulated at this constant pressure, as is often the case, provides much more pressure than necessary, including at the level of the most disadvantaged mouth.

However, there are also ventilation systems whose maintained pressure increases with the flow of ventilated air and which ensure the "envelope need" of the installation. Envelope need means the provision of a satisfactory pressure and approaching the need for pressure at the most disadvantaged mouth, and whatever the flow.

These systems, although more efficient than the previous ones from an energy point of view, are however not optimal.

Indeed, this need envelope is by definition beyond the real need, this real need can not be determined because the position of the mouths that open is not exactly known at the time of the design or installation of the group. Such a system is therefore not able to adjust its suction pressure to the need for the most disadvantaged mouth pressure.

There is also known a type of ventilation system, called "pressure adjusted", in particular described in the French patent published under the reference FR 2932552 .

This system, rather dedicated to collective ventilation, has a ventilation group modulated on the basis of an on-off sensor at the bottom of the column, or said otherwise, placed on the ends of the network of ventilation ducts. The modulation implemented aims to determine the right pressure requirement of the network. It is a function of a change of state of said sensor aimed particularly at the most disadvantaged mouth. Different levels of regulation are discussed. The box detailed in this patent examines the need and is here preferably regulated in constant pressure with constantly variable setpoint.

As described in the patent cited above, later in the description of our current application, this modulation aims to reduce the pressure setpoint until a change of state indicates that the pressure is insufficient, or if necessary increase the pressure setpoint until a change of state of this sensor indicates that the pressure supplied is sufficient without necessarily being excessive.

Furthermore, there is also known a type of ventilation system, particularly cited in the French patent published under the reference FR 2930017 , prior to the aforementioned patent which relates in particular to a regulation of a ventilation system associating a group and self-adjusting ventilation vents, that is to say the mouths regulating themselves a given fixed flow.

Here, the control of the box aims among other things to detect an optimal pressure level by successive iterations of the modulation of the pressure of the group, and by flow rate analysis, to deduce the common regulation range of all the mouths of the 'installation.

These systems therefore make it possible to regulate the centralized ventilation box at a pressure adjusted to the just need of the most disadvantaged mouth; however the intrinsic performance of the vents makes the system is not optimal in terms of consumption and flow control accuracy of each of the mouths.

Thus, there are currently ventilation systems operating with ventilation units according to the different operating modes described above, to which are connected extraction outlets, for example humidity-controlled. It can be seen that in such installations, depending on the deployed pipeline network, some extraction outlets are favored and have an excess of pressure while other outlets have, at best, just the required level of pressure. to guarantee the minimum flow demanded, knowing that the extraction rate of this or that mouth can evolve more or less because the various extraction mouths constituting the system open and close each according to its own measurement of 'hygrometry.

Depending on the control systems of the centralized ventilation box, it is therefore common that the most disadvantaged mouth has an excess of pressure, or even that it has a pressure defect if the installation was poorly sized.

Thus, with the current ventilation cap technology, it is not possible in existing ventilation systems to optimally regulate the pressure imposed by the ventilation unit, so as to guarantee the correct flow rates required at each of the outlets, while constantly adapting the ventilation regime to the right need, in order to optimize the noise and the consumption of the system.

An object of the invention is to provide a ventilation vent to overcome the disadvantages described above by ensuring by itself, completely independently, a fine and fast regulation of the air flow therethrough for a wider pressure range, this air flow being regulated with respect to a fixed setpoint or adjustable setpoint based on external data such as, but not limited to, indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements.

Another object of the invention is to provide a ventilation opening having means for achieving the purpose stated above, which is capable of ensuring the operation of these means without wire connection power supply or communication to facilitate installation, and without regular intervention, especially to make a change of batteries or batteries, to facilitate maintenance.

For this purpose the invention relates to a ventilation vent for ventilation installation, which comprises a flow sensor carried by said mouth and configured to capture at least a portion of the flow of air flowing in the mouth and to produce a signal electrical system characterizing and quantifying the air flow through the ventilation mouth, and an electronic control and measurement circuit carried by said mouth and configured to determine the value of the air flow captured by analysis of the electrical signal produced by the air flow sensor; the air flow sensor and the electronic measurement and control circuit being powered by an autonomous electrical energy source integrated into the ventilation opening.

• Selon une disposition particulière la bouche de ventilation selon l'invention comporte en outre; un circuit modulateur de débit commandable, porté par ladite bouche, permettant de faire varier, sur commande du circuit de commande et de mesure, le débit d'air à travers le conduit de circulation d'air de la bouche; le circuit modulateur de débit étant alimenté en électricité par la source d'énergie électrique autonome intégrée à la bouche de ventilation.

According to various provisions, each of which may be considered alone or in combination with others, the vent may have different additional features. So :

• According to a particular provision the ventilation mouth according to the invention further comprises; a controllable flow rate modulator circuit, carried by said mouth, for varying, on command of the control and measuring circuit, the flow of air through the air flow duct of the mouth; the flow modulator circuit being supplied with electricity by the autonomous electrical energy source integrated into the ventilation opening.

According to a particular embodiment of the ventilation opening according to the invention, the flow sensor comprises a ventilation turbine configured to be rotated by the flow of air passing through the duct, mechanically coupled to a generator producing an alternating electric current. whose frequency varies directly according to the speed of rotation of the turbine, the electrical signal produced by the generator constituting both the source of independent electrical energy supplying power to the measuring and control circuit and the electrical signal used by the generator. said measuring and control circuit for determining the value of the air flow captured.

According to an arrangement of this particular embodiment, the flow modulator circuit comprises a shutter configured to shut off, on command of the measuring and control element, all or part of the air flow duct so as to regulate the air flow through this duct; the flow modulator circuit being supplied with electricity by the autonomous electrical energy source integrated into the ventilation opening.

According to another particular provision of the ventilation opening according to the invention, the flow modulator circuit comprises means for applying a variable load to the flow sensor, the value of the applied load being controlled by the measuring and control circuit.

According to another particular arrangement, also, the electronic measuring and control circuit is configured to transmit an operating command to the flow control circuit, said control being determined by comparing the measured airflow value with a given set air flow rate value, so as to maintain the flow rate measured through the mouth substantially equal to the set value.

According to another particular provision, also, the ventilation mouth according to the invention further comprises at least one sensor for determining a specific ventilation need in the area of the space where the mouth is installed, supplied with electrical energy by the an autonomous electrical energy source integrated into the ventilation opening and supplying the measurement and control circuit with measurements of one or more parameters accounting for said specific ventilation requirement, the flow setpoint value determining the control of the flow modulator circuit being defined as a function of the values of the parameters measured by the at least one sensor.

According to another particular provision, also, the sensor for determining a need for ventilation is an air quality sensor.

According to another particular arrangement, the electronic measuring and control circuit is configured to transmit, to one or more recipients, information relating to the measured air flow rate and / or to the operating state of the ventilation opening.

According to another particular arrangement, also, the measurement and control circuit is configured to receive from one or more senders information relating to the operating status of said senders and / or operating commands intended to modify the state of operation. operation of the ventilation opening.

According to another particular arrangement, finally, the measuring and control circuit comprises communication means enabling it to communicate with remote elements by wireless link.

According to a second aspect, the invention also relates to a ventilation system of a building, which comprises a central ventilation unit and at least one ventilation opening according to the invention, each mouth being connected to the central ventilation unit by via a network of ventilation ducts, the central ventilation unit being configured to be able to vary its operating state in terms of pressure and / or flow.

According to a particular embodiment, for which at least some of the ventilation outlets are configured to transmit, by wireless link, information relating to their operating state and / or air flow measurements made by the means of which they are are equipped, the central ventilation unit comprises a control member configured to receive the information transmitted by each equipped mouth and make vary its operating state pressure and / or flow according to said information.

According to a particular embodiment of the ventilation system according to the invention, the central ventilation unit comprises means for measuring the air flow therethrough.

• Une phase d'initialisation durant laquelle on impose au groupe de ventilation un régime de fonctionnement Rc₀ lui permettant de fournir une pression donnée
• une phase itérative durant laquelle on analyse l'état de fonctionnement de l'installation et on fait évoluer le régime de consigne Rc ou on le régime de consigne courant en fonction du résultat de l'analyse.

According to a third aspect, the subject of the invention is also a method for implementing a ventilation installation of a building according to the invention, this method comprising the following steps:

• An initialization phase during which the ventilation unit is forced to operate a Rc ₀ operating mode enabling it to supply a given pressure
• an iterative phase during which the operating state of the installation is analyzed and the setpoint Rc or the current setpoint is changed according to the result of the analysis.

• Une première étape de mise en place d'une pression de fonctionnement correspondant à un régime de consigne Rc donné;
• une deuxième étape d'attente de la stabilisation des variations dues au régime appliqué;
• une troisième étape d'acquisition et d'analyse de la valeur d'au moins un paramètre de mesure lié à l'état de fonctionnement de l'installation dans son ensemble;
• une quatrième étape de modification de la valeur du régime de consigne correspondant à la valeur actualisée de la pression de fonctionnement, en fonction de la valeur de chaque paramètre considéré, acquise lors de l'étape d'acquisition.
• une cinquième étape de mémorisation, placée après la deuxième étape, durant laquelle on mémorise plusieurs valeurs successives d'au moins un paramètre de fonctionnement de l'installation, ces valeurs étant mémorisées au cours des itérations précédant l'itération considérée ;
  l'exécution de la troisième étape étant, pour une itération donnée, suivie par l'exécution de la quatrième étape ou par l'exécution de la seconde étape suivant les résultats de l'analyse effectuée.

According to a particular provision, the iterative phase comprises for each iteration the execution of the following steps:

• A first step of setting up an operating pressure corresponding to a given setpoint Rc;
• a second stage of waiting for the stabilization of the variations due to the regime applied;
• a third step of acquiring and analyzing the value of at least one measurement parameter related to the operating state of the installation as a whole;
• a fourth step of modifying the value of the setpoint regime corresponding to the present value of the operating pressure, as a function of the value of each parameter considered, acquired during the acquisition step.
• a fifth memory step, placed after the second step, during which several successive values of at least one operating parameter of the installation are stored, these values being stored during the iterations preceding the iteration considered;
  the execution of the third step being, for a given iteration, followed by the execution of the fourth step or by the execution of the second step following the results of the analysis carried out.

According to the invention, the fourth step of modifying the setpoint regime Rc modifies the value of said regime by a negative or positive increment ΔR according to whether the variation of the value of the parameter or parameters taken into account for the analysis is compliant or not. to a reference value.

According to a particular provision, for which the ventilation system according to the invention comprises a ventilation unit equipped with means for measuring the flow of air passing through the group, the third stage of analysis of the iterative phase comprises an operation measuring the air flow and analyzing the variation of this value over the iterations.

According to a particular provision, for which the ventilation system according to the invention comprises a ventilation unit equipped with means ensuring a connection between the ventilation unit, and ventilation vents each transmitting by wireless link information relating to its state in operation, the third step of acquisition and analysis comprises a read operation of the state information transmitted by each of the ventilation openings considered and comparison of this state with a given reference state.

Advantageously, the ventilation openings according to the invention have an autonomous flow control system that is more precise than the existing ventilation outlets, including the existing outlets with mechanically self-regulating flow.

The ventilation openings according to the invention also make it possible to achieve, at the level of the ventilation installations, both a significant acoustic gain and a first significant energy gain, because of their ability to work with lower pressure levels.

They also make it possible to achieve a second major energetic gain by the fine regulation of the flow rate that they allow, insofar as almost all the implanted mouths have an excess of pressure which leads the current mouths (which are not regulated in flow) to do pass a higher air flow than that normally required and this, especially in collective installation. As a result, hot air is unnecessarily extracted and sent to the outside, which in winter is a waste of harmful energy, both for the energy of ventilation and for the energy of heating.

Ventilation vents according to the invention have, moreover, increased functionalities insofar as, due to the presence of an autonomous source of power supply, it is possible to bring new functionalities to the occupants of the building or to increase the performance of the ventilation system without necessarily having to pull connecting cables or to provide for the installation of a battery supply that is by nature non-autonomous and requires regular maintenance (recharging or replacement).

• la figure 1, un synoptique présentant les éléments fonctionnels composant une bouche de ventilation selon l'invention;
• les figures 2 à 4, des représentations schématiques de la structure d'une bouche de ventilation selon l'invention, dans une forme de réalisation particulière prise comme exemple;
• la figure 5, une représentation schématique d'une variante de réalisation de la bouche de ventilation illustrée par les figures 2 à 4 ;
• la figure 6, une illustration schématique représentant les diagrammes (débit/pression) relatifs à un instant donné à une installation de ventilation selon l'invention;
• la figure 7, un organigramme de principe du procédé permettant de moduler le régime de fonctionnement d'une installation de ventilation comportant des bouches de ventilation selon l'invention ;
• la figure 8, une illustration schématique illustrant le principe de fonctionnement du procédé selon l'invention.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better appreciated thanks to the following description, which is based on the appended figures which show:

• the figure 1 , a block diagram presenting the functional elements composing a ventilation opening according to the invention;
• the Figures 2 to 4 schematic representations of the structure of a ventilation mouth according to the invention, in a particular embodiment taken as an example;
• the figure 5 , a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the ventilation opening illustrated by the Figures 2 to 4 ;
• the figure 6 a schematic illustration showing the diagrams (flow / pressure) relating to a given moment to a ventilation installation according to the invention;
• the figure 7 a flowchart of principle of the method for modulating the operating speed of a ventilation installation comprising ventilation openings according to the invention;
• the figure 8 , a schematic illustration illustrating the principle of operation of the method according to the invention.

As has been said above, the invention consists, according to a first aspect, of a self-regulating air flow ventilation opening, incorporating means enabling it to regulate in a fine and rapid manner the flow of air passing through it and this for a range of variation of the given suction pressure applied downstream thereof.

These means make it possible to take into account in the control loop, in addition to a measurement of air flow passing through the mouth, additional information likely to change the flow setpoint taken into account for the flow control.

For this purpose, the ventilation opening 10 according to the invention mainly comprises, as functionally illustrated by figure 1 , an air duct 11, also called a sleeve, intended to be connected to the end of a duct of the general ventilation system.

This ventilation opening 10 also comprises at least one air flow sensor 12, carried by this mouth and configured to capture the flow of air circulating in the mouth and convert the captured air flow into an electrical signal 18, one of which measurable characteristic is directly a function of the flow rate of the air flow intercepted by the sensor 12.

The ventilation opening 10 according to the invention also comprises a measurement and control circuit 13 also carried by this mouth, and configured to analyze the electrical signal 18 produced by the flow sensor 12 and to determine the value of the flow corresponding to the signal processed. .

The ventilation opening 10 according to the invention further comprises an autonomous source of electric power generation 14 capable of supplying all the elements of the mouth requiring a supply of electricity.

By autonomous source of energy production, we mean here a source capable of producing electrical energy without it being necessary to perform any intervention to ensure its operation. This source may for example be of aeraulic or photovoltaic nature.

In a particular embodiment, the ventilation opening 10 according to the invention also comprises an air flow modulation circuit 15, carried by this mouth and powered by the autonomous power source of the mouth 14. This circuit comprises means for varying the air flow through the mouth, the flow variation being controlled by the measuring and control circuit 13 through a control signal 19 issued by the latter. According to the embodiment considered, these means can be configured to modulate themselves the flow of air through the mouth by closing more or less it. Alternatively, these means can be configured to apply a variable load to the flow sensor 12. This variable load can, depending on the structure of the flow sensor 12 considered, consist of a variable mechanical or electrical load acting on the flow sensor 12 so to modify its behavior so that it alters the passage of the flow of air through the ventilation mouth and thus limits the flow. The value of the applied load is in this case controlled by the measuring and control circuit 13.

In this embodiment, in which the ventilation opening 10 according to the invention comprises an air flow modulation circuit 15, the measuring and control circuit 13 is configured so as to develop a control of the variation of the flow rate 19. in particular the flow rate measured by means of the flow sensor.

This command is produced mainly by comparing the measured flow rate with a stored setpoint value at the level of the measuring and control circuit 13. It may therefore be a type of servocontrol of the flow flowing through the mouth .

According to the embodiment considered, this setpoint can be a fixed setpoint or a setpoint chosen in a table according to complementary parameters transmitted to the measurement and control circuit 13.

These additional parameters can come in particular from other sensors than the flow sensor, sensors also integrated into the ventilation opening or disposed in the room to be ventilated, and whose function is to inform the ventilation opening on a need for ventilation in the room. area of the space where the vent is located, or in another area of the space where the vent is located.

They may for example consist of a measurement carried out by an additional sensor 16 carried by the mouth 10 and powered by the autonomous power source of the mouth 14, this sensor 16 providing a measurement relating to the quality of the air passing through the mouth 10 or IAQ (CO ₂ sensor, humidity, temperature, VOC, particle counters, ...). In such a case, the value of the flow control 19 applied to the flow modulation circuit is determined by the measurement and control circuit 13 from a law of variation of the flow setpoint value (Q). air quality function (IAQ) through the mouth (Q = f (IAQ)). This law is for example stored in the form of a table at the level of the measuring and control circuit 13.

They may also consist of state information likely to affect the operation of the ventilation opening 10. This state information may for example indicate the presence of individuals in the space ventilated by the ventilation mouth considered, presence detected by a presence sensor. It may also correspond to a user's instruction, for example the manual activation of the "kitchen super ventilation" at the level of a ventilation opening placed in a kitchen. It may also, for example, consist of information relating to the entry in a particular period of the day information that can be delivered by an internal clock at the ventilation opening, information that can also be updated by a central management body the ventilation system to which the mouth is integrated. In this case the ventilation opening according to the invention is preferably equipped with communication means 17, wireless communication means preferentially, allowing it to exchange information with external elements.

According to the invention, the various means described above are carried by the mouth 10. They are arranged and connected to each other such in such a way that the electrical signal 18 produced by the flow sensor is transmitted to the measurement and control circuit 13 and is processed by the latter so as to determine the current flow rate of air through the mouth and to develop the control 19 to be transmitted. to the rate modulation circuit 15 so as to adjust the flow rate of the mouth 10 to a value substantially equal to the determined set value.

Thus, unlike what happens in the ventilation systems of the state of the art, the regulation of the air flow through the ventilation vent 10 according to the invention is a closed-loop regulation, carried out at from a measured flow, by means known to those skilled in the art. This regulation allows operation in a substantially wider pressure range and can especially be initiated at a lower pressure level, for example ranging from 10 to 200 Pa, the minimum operating pressure being solely related to the pressure drop. of the mouth, and especially its energy recovery.

It should be noted that according to the embodiment considered the different elements of the ventilation opening according to the invention, namely the air flow sensor 12, the measurement and control circuit 13, the modulation circuit of the flow rate 15 and the autonomous source of electric power production 14 can be configured to be housed inside the air flow duct, the sleeve, 11. The same applies to the quality sensor of air 16.

The Figures 2 to 5 show schematically a particular embodiment of a ventilation vent 10 according to the invention. This particular embodiment is presented here to highlight the advantageous features of this first aspect of the invention and is not intended to limit its scope or extent.

According to this embodiment taken as an example, the device according to the invention consists of a ventilation opening 100 intended to be fixed to an air extraction duct 200, the air flow being illustrated by arrows in the figure. 2A, is associated with a detection device of at least one parameter of the air, namely the air flow in the sheath 200, carried by the mouth.

The ventilation opening 100 according to the invention here comprises an aesthetic facade plate 100A forming the front external surface intended to be visible in the room of the room and secured to a tubular sleeve 100B forming an air flow duct, intended to be nested in an orifice of a wall M, as illustrated on the figure 2 , and at the end of which is fixed by interlocking the sheath 200, itself connected to a ventilation network connected to a centralized ventilation group of controlled mechanical ventilation type.

The ventilation opening 100 also comprises an air flow sensor, fulfilling the function of the sensor 12 of the figure 1 , which itself comprises an air flow detection device consisting of a turbine 300 disposed at the rear of the external front surface 100A and more precisely, in this case near the end of the sleeve 100B connected to the ventilation duct 200. This turbine 300 is a helical turbine whose axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis AA of the mouth.

The air flow sensor also comprises a generator 500A whose axis is interlocked by interlocking with the axis of the turbine 300. The generator 500 converts the rotation of the turbine 300 into an electrical signal of the alternative type. . More specifically, the generator 500 comprises a permanent magnet rotating within the space delimited by a set of coils.

• la récupération de l'énergie produite par la génératrice 500A, par conversion électrique en un signal de tension continue et stable, au moyen par exemple d'un circuit constitué d'un pont de diodes redresseur de tension et d'un convertisseur de tension ;
• la mesure du débit d'air par mesure de la fréquence du signal alternatif généré par la rotation de la génératrice 500A, entraîné par la turbine 300;
• le stockage éventuel de l'énergie électrique récupérée et non utilisée à un instant donné. Ce stockage de l'énergie électrique est par exemple réalisé au moyen d'un condensateur, d'une batterie, d'un accumulateur ou d'un dispositif similaire intégré au dispositif.

The ventilation opening 100 according to the invention also comprises an electronic processing device, fulfilling the functions of the measuring and control circuit 17 of the figure 1 which comprises an electronic card 500B equipped with a microcontroller circuit, electrically connected to the generator 500A. This 500B electronic card ensures:

• the recovery of the energy produced by the generator 500A, by electrical conversion into a DC voltage signal and stable, by means of for example a circuit consisting of a voltage diode rectifier bridge and a voltage converter;
• measuring the air flow by measuring the frequency of the alternating signal generated by the rotation of the generator 500A, driven by the turbine 300;
• the eventual storage of the electrical energy recovered and not used at a given moment. This storage of electrical energy is for example achieved by means of a capacitor, a battery, an accumulator or a similar device integrated in the device.

The generator 500A of the air flow sensor and the electronic circuit board 500B of the measuring and control circuit are here housed in a housing 500C, secured to the ventilation opening 100 by means of 500D legs fitted, glued or welded to the 100B cuff assembly, centered on the longitudinal axis AA of the ventilation opening 100.

Thus, in operation, the controlled mechanical ventilation unit creating a suction pressure in the aeraulic network of the system, a suction flow is created at each mouth 100 of the system. This air flow rotates the air turbine 300 and, consequently, the generator 500A, which supplies the electronic card 500B with an indication of flow as well as electrical energy, in the form of an electrical signal whose frequency corresponding to the rotation frequency of the turbine.

The microcontroller measures the electrical signal produced by the generator 500A, to determine its frequency and to deduce the speed of rotation of the generator 5A. In order to facilitate the frequency measurement, the microcontroller can first process the signal provided by any appropriate processing method.

As has been said previously, the generator 500A thus constitutes here, at the same time, the sensor and the energy source of the ventilation opening 100.

It should be noted that the air flow is generally substantially proportional to the rotational speed of a helical turbine so General. The determination of the speed is thus made in a simple way from the measurement of the frequency of the signal supplied by the generator 500. However in the case where the speed of rotation would not be proportional, according to the aerodynamic behavior of the ventilation opening 100, the determination of the speed can be done by a nonlinear mathematical law, or a table of predetermined value, of modeling type for example.

In order to ensure the power supply of the various elements, the mouth 100 comprises a voltage converter, disposed downstream of the generator 500A, on the electronic card 500B for example. This converter has the role of transforming the alternating signal produced by the generator in stabilized DC voltage, a voltage of 3.3 volts for example. This converter can consist of a single component, or consist of a diode voltage rectifier bridge, associated with a "Buck-Boost" type converter, which is a switching power supply that converts a given DC voltage into a voltage. steady state of lower or higher value.

The power supply thus provided feeds the microcontroller of the electronic card 500B, via a capacitor, whose role is to stabilize and store energy.

This capacitor can be sized to serve as energy storage to allow the system to operate for a given time, such as an hour, in the absence of power supplied by the generator 500A. However, preferably, it is a second storage means that is dimensioned for this function, this second storage means, directly connected to the converter or the microcontroller, allows better management of energy storage and calls for storage. current.

In order to ensure the power supply of the various elements, the mouth 100 may comprise, alternatively, a simple voltage stabilized rectifying system with a capacitor to which a switch-type member may be added to cut off the supply of the system. time the capacitor charged to avoid a surge and the to restore, when its load decreases. This system, less expensive, however, is less efficient.

The ventilation opening 100, thus equipped with an energy recovery device consisting of its generator 500A and its voltage converter device described above, advantageously provides its self-power supply.

It should be noted that the turbine 300 is preferably dimensioned to the largest possible diameter in the set of cuffs 100B, so as to optimize the pressure losses. Its aerodynamic profile also allows it to be rotated at the lowest desired operating rate. The cuff 100B also has as illustrated on the Figures 2 to 5 a constant diameter.

Alternatively, however, and particularly depending on the flow rate through the mouth, it is possible to use a smaller turbine diameter, associated with a convergent shape for the sleeve 100B, this convergent shape allowing the turbine 300 to benefit from higher air velocities at low flow, and thus lower its minimum operating flow. Alternatively, if the flow range permits, the turbine 300 may have a front surface significantly smaller than the air passage section, and be housed in a specific fluid vein, parallel to the main fluid stream of the fluid. the 100B cuff.

As can be seen from the Figures 2 to 4 in the embodiment described here, the ventilation opening 100 also comprises a flow modulation arrangement associated with a motor powered electrically by the mouth, the assembly providing the functions of the flow modulator circuit. air 15 of the figure 1 .

This flow modulation arrangement comprises two pivoting flaps controlled by the processing device of the electronic card 500B.

The two modulation flaps 600A and 600B are configured and arranged in an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis AA.

The shape of these components is also studied, as illustrated by the perspective view of figure 4 , to allow maximum closure of the cuff in the closed position, and a maximum opening in the open position, so as to limit the pressure drops of the system.

The shutters 600A and 600B are actuated via a 600D motor, self-powered by the ventilation opening, and the threaded rotation shaft forms a worm which ensures the translation of a nut 600C linked to the shutters.

The 600D motor can be a brush-type DC motor or a stepper motor for better shutter positioning accuracy.

The pivoting of the flaps is here ensured by an arrangement of abutments 500D and a return spring 600E as illustrated in the drawings. figures 2 and 3 .

More specifically, the central casing 500C of the ventilation opening 100 is extended at the front by a nozzle 400 perforated longitudinally along the longitudinal axis AA, in which slides a nut 600C locked in rotation. This nut 600C is mechanically associated with the two modulation flaps 600A and 600B, or else the modulation flaps can be made in one piece, integrating the nut, as shown in FIG. figure 4 .

In this piece, preferably made of plastic, is integrated the hexagonal nut 600C, in a location to its size, to lock it in rotation. A counterform of positioning of the nut 600C is connected to the endpiece 400 by a hinge of film type, to be fixed by a clip, and thus lock the nut 600C in its housing.

The modulation flaps 600A and 600B are also integrated into this part by a film-type hinge.

Once in place in the openwork tip 400, this assembly is connected to a 600D axial motor by a threaded shaft, rotated by this motor, and in connection with the nut 600C.

In the embodiment described here, the motor 600D is mechanically connected to the housing 500C, to prevent its translation and rotation, for example by the shape of its location in this housing.

Thus, during the rotation of the 600D motor, the axis will allow to advance or retreat the nut 600C, whose rotation is blocked by the pierced tip 400.

The modulation flaps 600A and 600B are also equipped with a default positioning means in the folded position as shown in FIG. figure 3 , preferably a simple spring 600E placed on either side of the longitudinal axis AA of the mouth, so as to put them in constraint towards one another.

In addition, a rounded shape 500D on the housing 500C ensures by a point stop contact the pivoting of the modulation flaps 600A and 600B. Alternatively, the screw-nut system and more precisely the displacement of the nut 600C being irreversible, one could replace the stop and spring arrangement by an annular ball-type connection between the flaps 600A and 600B and the housing 500C.

Thus, in the embodiment shown here, and given the pivoting structure described above, the opening or closing of the 600A and 600B modulation flaps is ensured by controlling the rotation of the 600D motor via the electronic card 500B itself powered by the 500A generator.

In this way, the pivoting of the modulation flaps 600A and 600B which constitute the flow modulation arrangement is caused by the displacement of a device (the engine 600D coupled to the flap pivot mechanism) also powered by this recovery device. of energy described above. The regulation of the position of the flaps is therefore self-powered also by means of the generator 500A and this, on the basis of flow information provided by the same generator.

The position of the flaps is typically regulated to obtain a constant flow rate at the mouth 100, whatever the suction pressure of the network, within a certain pressure range, however.

More precisely, the regulation of the flow is carried out by slaving the position of the flaps to a setpoint position which is a function of the measurement of flow achieved.

The figure 5 represents a variant of the embodiment of the ventilation opening according to the invention described above and illustrated by the Figures 2 to 4 .

The structure of this variant differs only from the embodiment described above, by the addition of an indoor air quality sensor 700, functionally similar to the sensor 16 of the figure 1 , which can be a sensor of humidity, CO ₂ or volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

This sensor 700 is placed in the housing 500C and, preferably, directly mounted on the electronic card 500B, for particular cost issues.

It is positioned in the system in an adequate way to measure the desired size, without being disturbed by the environment (fluid, light, air velocity, or ambient temperature).

In order to allow the sensor 700 to come into contact with the air passing through the mouth, an opening 700A is also made in the housing 500C, a peripheral seal being made at the sensor for example by means of a part adjustment. plastic, or by a foam element or other material. This sealing makes it possible to ensure that the sensor is sensitive to the quality of air passing through the mouth, while preventing it from entering the compartment containing the electronic control card, thus avoiding the risks associated with the dust and to moisture.

The indoor air quality sensor 700 is also powered by the previously described energy recovery device.

It provides the electronic card 500B, which includes in particular a computing unit (microcontroller), information relating to the quality of the air that can be taken into account by the latter to modulate the value of the set flow rate imposed on the mouth , value calculated according to a given law or selected from among different pre-established values and stored in a table. The introduction of this complementary sensor 700 thus allows the computing device to integrate two levels of regulation leading to define the position of the flaps, namely a first level according to a measurement of air flow, so as to obtain a constant flow, substantially equal to setpoint flow; and a second level based on an air quality measurement, which determines this setpoint flow.

The electronic processing device can thus modulate the position of the flow modulation flaps to obtain a desired flow rate, which rate depends on the level of internal air quality measured in the air passing through the mouth. The microcontroller of the electronic card 500B can thus perform a servo-control of the flow modulation arrangement by comparing a reference flow rate and a measurement of the air flow detection device, so as to obtain a flow rate through the mouth substantially. equal to a setpoint flow that takes into account the measurement results provided by the sensor 700.

It should be noted that, alternatively or in addition to this air quality sensor 700, directly in fluid relation with the ambient air, the ventilation opening 100 described here as an example embodiment can also incorporate sensors related to the presence of the user, such as an infrared presence detector, or an acoustic sensor.

It should also be noted that the ventilation opening described here by way of example is an air extraction mouth, the air circulating in the mouth from the ventilated space to the ventilation duct. However, this embodiment makes it easy to understand that the ventilation mouth according to the invention can be designed on the principle described in the foregoing text to operate in the air extraction mouth or as air blowing mouth. The difference in structure concerns only the arrangement of the air flow sensor, the turbine 300 in the previous embodiment, which must be placed in the air flow duct so as to allow optimum energy recovery. from the flow of air flowing through the mouth. The directions of the air, the upstream and downstream terms will be readily permuted by those skilled in the art to adapt the invention described herein to an insufflation mouth.

According to a second aspect, the invention also consists of a ventilation installation for a building integrating one or more ventilation openings according to the invention, as described above.

By building is meant here a closed structure, the interior space is optionally partitioned, in which are defined different areas of space in which the vents 10 are placed.

The ventilation installation according to the invention comprises, in a traditional manner, a central ventilation unit located at a given location of the building, configured so as to be able to modulate its operating speed so as to modulate the pressure and / or the flow rate. suction at its connection to said network.

It also comprises one or more vents 10 disposed at specific locations, the ventilation unit being connected to these vents through a network of pipes (fluid communication lines) to which each of the mouths 10 is connected.

However, unlike a traditional ventilation installation the ventilation openings used are ventilation vents 10 according to the invention, so that each of the mouths is capable of regulating its flow rate independently of the pressure prevailing at its outlet, c that is to say near the junction between the mouth and the ventilation duct to which it is connected, and this in its operating pressure range.

The use of ventilation vents 10 according to the invention in a traditional ventilation installation structure here brings, intrinsically, an improvement in operation even in the absence of other arrangements to improve the efficiency or effectiveness of the ventilation system. considered installation.

Indeed, in a known manner all ducts - vents ventilation is a variable aeraulic load that the central ventilation group must be sized to support, the ultimate goal being that the local pressure inside each pipe, at the level of each of the ventilation openings is sufficient to allow each of the ventilation openings to ensure an air flow rate at least equal to a minimum flow rate prescribed for a local pressure varying within a given range. In general, the ventilation vents equipping the installations are known mouths that do not regulate, or at least poorly regulate, the flow of air through them.

As a result, since the air flow rate at each mouth is likely to vary, the load imposed on the central ventilation unit is also variable and in the absence of regulation of the installation, the operating speed of the group is set to to meet the peak of this fluctuating load, so that, in certain circumstances, when the installation is not properly adjusted, some ventilation outlets may have a flow rate that is lower than the effective flow rate and that, almost always, certain outlets have a flow rate substantially greater than the useful flow.

This phenomenon is particularly sensitive and penalizing in terms of economy of operation, because if the ventilation openings used are in particular self-regulating or humidity-sensitive type, it is necessary to provide an oversized ventilation unit capable of imposing a significant pressure and, in all cases well, greater than the pressure that would be necessary to ensure the same ventilation conditions if the mouths used were operating at a rate corresponding substantially to the prescribed flow rate at the moment considered.

According to one particular embodiment, the installation according to the invention comprises ventilation outlets 10, at least some of which are equipped with wireless communication means 17, as previously described. Each of the ventilation outlets thus equipped is able to transmit information relating to its operating state. This information can consist of a simple status indicator (OK = effective flow control, Bad = regulation not guaranteed), or even just a simple fault indicator. Alternatively, it may consist of information representing the value of the flow rate measured by the ventilation port 10 considered or its precise opening position can thus go back to its pressure drop or any change in its regulation.

This information is preferably transmitted to the operation management system of the central ventilation unit if the latter is provided with such a system. It can then be used to regulate the operating mode of the group.

It can also or alternatively be transmitted to the other ventilation openings that equip the installation, or to third-party connected objects, such as a control unit or a nomadic device of smartphone or tablet type.

According to another particular embodiment, the installation according to the invention may also comprise a central ventilation unit comprising a measuring system capable of measuring the flow of air passing therethrough. In such an embodiment, the ventilation unit can advantageously be driven so as to operate at a given speed for which it establishes a certain pressure by taking into account the pressure losses observed and their variations, which come mainly from the variation in during the time of the state of some of the ventilation vents of the facility.

According to a third aspect, the invention also consists in a method making it possible to modulate the operation of an installation comprising ventilation outlets according to the invention, so that the ventilation unit presents at all times an optimal operating state. in terms of the pressure applied to the pipe network constituting the installation.

By optimal state is meant a state for which the operating pressure of the group is determined at each moment so that each of the ventilation outlets which constitute the installation is applied to its outlet a pressure sufficient to allow it to regulate its flow and that the consumption of the group is the lowest possible, in other words so that the most disadvantaged mouth in terms of pressure is at least the pressure necessary for its good regulation.

The implementation of the method according to the invention is advantageously made possible by the use of ventilation vents according to the invention. Indeed, unlike existing installations to date, as illustrated by curve 61 of figure 6 , an installation comprising ventilation openings according to the present invention, given the ventilation group, a zone of particular operation 62 for which at a given time and for a given pressure range, the flow of air passing through the group remains substantially constant.

As illustrated by figure 6 , the operating curve (flow, pressure) of the complete installation is, considering a leak-free network, the sum of the operating curves (flow, pressure) 631 to 639 of the different ventilation openings, seen from the group of ventilation.

As also illustrates figure 6 , each of the mouths 1 to N (N = total number of mouths of the installation, new here) has for a given nominal operating flow, a curve advantageously having a zone 64n (n varying from 1 to 9 here) for which its flow rate remains substantially constant for a given range of pressure imposed by the group.

For a given ventilation opening, the position of this zone 64n on the axis of the pressures as well as on the axis of flow varies according to the type of mouth, the state of the ventilation mouth considered, that is, ie the flow rate regulated by the mouth, and the location of the mouth along the network of pipes, which will in particular condition the minimum pressure to be applied by the group to allow the proper regulation of the mouth.

The existence of this zone with a substantially constant flow rate at the group level, at a given moment, as well as its extent and its position on the axis of pressures and flow rates, therefore appears to be related to the flow control advantageously exerted autonomously. by each of the vents.

It is characterized at the level of the ventilation unit by an operating pressure P _max beyond which an increase in pressure causes an increase in flow, so that some mouths can pass a flow rate greater than the required flow rate (unnecessary loss of heat and acoustic disturbance), and an operating pressure P _min below which some vents are not able to provide sufficient flow.

Consequently, knowing that there is a constant flow operating zone, it can be seen by considering the illustration of the figure 6 that it is advantageously possible to implement a method making it possible to check the operating status of the ventilation unit, which at this moment allows it to produce a minimum pressure, which ensures, however, that all ventilation openings are able to provide the required flow. This pressure is thus the minimum pressure point of the zone 62 of the curve 61.

The method according to the invention therefore consists mainly of iteratively seeking, at any time or, at least, at different times spaced a given time interval, the operating point of the ventilation group ensuring this result.

It should be noted, however, that in a real installation, assuming a perfect regulation of each of the mouths 10, there may remain leaks in the network of ventilation ducts. Thus, in practice, the zone 62 of the curve 61 will not be completely vertical corresponding to a strictly constant flow, but will have a slight inclination, because the increase in the pressure of the network will lead to an additional leakage flow ventilated, and this independently of the regulation carried out by the ventilation vents. Similarly, the same effect on the zone 62 of the curve 61 will be observed if, among all the mouths of a network, at least one mouth does not regulate its flow (in case of failure or simply in the case where the installation in question has unregulated mouths)

The organization chart of the figure 7 schematically illustrates the different operating phases of the control method according to the invention.

• Une phase 71 d'initialisation durant laquelle on détermine un régime de fonctionnement initial Rc_i permettant de fournir une certaine pression initiale;
• une phase 72 itérative durant laquelle on analyse l'état de fonctionnement de l'installation et on fait évoluer le régime Rc de fonctionnement de l'installation en plus ou en moins en fonction du résultat de l'analyse.

As illustrated in this figure, the method according to the invention comprises the following phases:

• An initialization phase 71 during which an initial operating speed Rc _i is determined, which makes it possible to supply a certain initial pressure;
• an iterative phase 72 during which the state of operation of the installation is analyzed and the Rc operating mode of the installation is changed in more or less according to the result of the analysis.

According to the invention, this regime Rc is likely to evolve over a range between two speeds Rc _min and Rc _max , thus limiting the operating range of the installation to appropriate values.

According to the invention also, the operating speed can be determined by means of a speed control of the fan of the group, a variation of the speed in more or in months inducing a pressure variation in plus or minus respectively, or direct control of pressure or torque at the engine.

Preferably, during the initialization phase, Rci is defined as being equal to Rc _min , that is to say the minimum operating regime of the box.

• une étape 721 de mise en place d'une pression de fonctionnement correspondant au niveau du groupe de ventilation à un régime de consigne R_c donné;
• une étape 722 d'attente de la stabilisation des variations dues à la pression de fonctionnement imposée par le groupe de ventilation ou d'attente d'une temporisation définissant la cadence des itérations de cette phase itérative;
• une étape 723 d'acquisition et d'analyse de la valeur d'au moins un paramètre de mesure lié à l'état de fonctionnement de l'installation dans son ensemble;
• une étape 724 de modification de la valeur du régime de consigne R_c correspondant à la valeur actualisée de la pression de fonctionnement, en fonction de la valeur de chacun des paramètres considérés, valeur acquise lors de l'étape d'acquisition et d'analyse 723;
• une étape 725 de mémorisation d'au moins une valeur d'un paramètre représentant l'état précédent. En particulier, cette étape peut consister à mémoriser différents paramètres comme le débit d'air au niveau du groupe et/ou l'état de fonctionnement de ce dernier et/ou le changement de régime ayant eu lieu à l'itération précédente, ou même, préférentiellement

According to the invention, the iterative phase 72 itself comprises the execution of the following steps:

• a step 721 of setting up an operating pressure corresponding to the level of the ventilation unit at a given setpoint R _c ;
• a step 722 of waiting for the stabilization of the variations due to the operating pressure imposed by the ventilation group or waiting for a delay defining the rate of iterations of this iterative phase;
• a step 723 for acquiring and analyzing the value of at least one measurement parameter related to the operating state of the installation as a whole;
• a step 724 for modifying the value of the setpoint regime R _c corresponding to the present value of the operating pressure, as a function of the value of each of the parameters considered, value acquired during the acquisition and analysis step 723;
• a step 725 of storing at least one value of a parameter representing the previous state. In particular, this step can consist in memorizing various parameters such as the air flow at the group level and / or the operating state of the latter and / or the change of regime having occurred at the previous iteration, or even , preferentially

at the previous m iterations. Step 725 is preferably placed after step 722.

According to the invention, step 723 of acquisition and analysis can consist according to the architecture of the installation and the envisaged mode of implementation, in the acquisition and the analysis of measurable parameters at the level of the fan group itself, the analysis based on the various parameters stored in the 725 storage step of the previous iteration or previous iterations.

Advantageously, it is then possible to compare the measured flow rate with the current operating speed Rc _i at the rate measured for the operating speed of the previous iteration Rc _(i-1) . The amplitude and the sign of the difference then make it possible, on the basis of the elements memorized in step 726, to determine the value of the operating regime to be imposed on the group for the next iteration.

The memorized elements considered during the analysis are typically the regime of the group (if the group at the previous iteration provided a satisfactory level of pressure) and / or a change of regime imposed during the previous iteration (if it It is a question of a search by decreasing the regime or by increasing it).

Moreover, the analysis step 723 also takes into account the operating terminals Rc _min and Rc _max of the ventilation group. If these terminals are reached for a given iteration, this step 723 will decide to make the appropriate regime changes to reposition the installation in a nominal operating zone or if necessary to trigger a malfunction for the user or the user. installer, or bring a reset of the system, by returning to the initialization step 71.

Thus, the exploration of all possible operating conditions of the installation between Rcmin and Rcmax without obtaining a satisfactory operating regime in terms of flow regulation, may induce the modification of the analysis criteria used during the analysis. step 723 to determine the optimal nature of the regime applied to the iteration considered and the following iterations. This will be particularly useful in the case where the level of leakage of the ventilation network of the installation is greater estimated or if one or more mouths of the installation does not regulate satisfactorily.

The acquisition and analysis step 723 may alternatively, or in a complementary manner, consist, if the hardware configuration of the installation as a whole and the configuration of the ventilation openings that make up this installation allow it, in the acquisition of parameters defining the operating state of the mouths themselves, measured flow rate value or good / bad information as previously described. Preferably, the parameter used is a binary malfunction parameter communicated to the installation, and / or a state change parameter of a mouth. In other words, a given mouth can communicate to the group the fact that it detected and then made a change in its operating state and whether or not it operates within its nominal operating pressure range.

The ventilation openings 10 according to the invention used in this case are of the type comprising communication means 17, preferably wireless, allowing each mouth to communicate with the installation and for example to transmit to the installation a fault indicator of debt.

The operation of step 723 can take different forms depending on the installation considered.

• si pour l'itération considérée, après avoir procédé à une augmentation du régime de fonctionnement d'un incrément donné ΔR (ΔR étant égal à 1% de la plage de fonctionnement RC_max-Rc_min du groupe de ventilation par exemple), on mesure une augmentation de débit supérieure à un seuil déterminé (5m³/h par exemple), seuil qui prend en compte l'augmentation des fuites probables du réseau, le point de fonctionnement de l'installation est considéré comme étant hors de la plage de fonctionnement permettant de réguler le débit de l'installation. La boucle d'itération se poursuit alors par l'exécution de l'étape 724 durant laquelle la valeur du régime de fonctionnement imposé au groupe est à nouveau incrémentée de ΔR.
• si en revanche la mesure de débit réalisée est identique à celle mesurée pour le régime de fonctionnement déterminé pour l'itération précédente, le point de fonctionnement de l'installation est considéré comme étant situé sur la plage de régulation.

Thus, for example, considering that the regime imposed during the initialization phase is a Rc ₀ = Rc _min regime, if the installation comprises measuring and control means capable of measuring the flow at the group level and modifying the operating regime of this same group accordingly, the operation of step 723 can be described as follows:

• if for the iteration considered, after having carried out an increase in the operating speed of a given increment ΔR (ΔR being equal to 1% of the operating range RC _max -Rc _min of the ventilation group for example), measuring an increase in flow rate greater than a determined threshold (5m ³ / h for example), a threshold which takes into account the increase of the probable leaks of the network, the operating point of the installation is considered to be outside the operating range to regulate the flow of the installation. The iteration loop then continues with the execution of step 724 during which the value of the operating regime imposed on the group is again incremented by ΔR.
• if, on the other hand, the flow measurement performed is identical to that measured for the operating speed determined for the previous iteration, the operating point of the installation is considered to be situated on the regulation range.

Consequently, if the regime imposed on the group during the previous iteration was a higher operating regime, the corresponding operating point is considered as potentially not optimal. The iteration loop then continues with the execution of step 724 during which the operating speed of the group is lowered by an increment ΔR.

On the other hand, if the regime imposed on the group during the previous iteration was a lower operating regime, the optimum operating point is considered to have been reached. The operating point is then maintained at the considered value, the iteration loop then continues with a return to step 722. Alternatively the operating point is carried, by execution of step 724 and a new iteration. , to a slightly higher value, depending on the operating margin of safety that one wishes to have.

• si pour l'itération considérée, après avoir procédé à une augmentation du régime de fonctionnement d'un incrément donné, on constate un défaut de débit sur une des bouches de ventilation, le point de fonctionnement de l'installation est considéré comme étant hors de la plage de fonctionnement permettant de réguler le débit de l'installation. Par suite la valeur du régime de fonctionnement imposé au groupe est à nouveau incrémentée de ΔR (exécution de l'étape 724).
• si en revanche si on ne constate aucun défaut sur l'ensemble de l'installation, le point de fonctionnement de l'installation est considéré comme étant situé sur la plage de régulation.

Similarly, if the installation comprises ventilation vents 10 according to the invention of the type comprising communication means 17, allowing each mouth to communicate with the installation and for example to transmit to the installation a fault indicator flow rate, the operation of step 723 can be described as follows:

• if for the iteration considered, after having made an increase in the operating speed of a given increment, there is a flow failure on one of the ventilation openings, the operating point of the installation is considered to be out of the operating range for regulating the flow of the installation. As a result value of the operating regime imposed on the group is again incremented by ΔR (execution of step 724).
• if, on the other hand, there are no faults in the entire installation, the operating point of the installation is considered to be located on the control range.

Consequently, if the regime imposed on the group during the previous iteration was a higher operating regime, the corresponding operating point is considered as potentially not optimal, so that the operation of the group is lowered. an increment ΔR (execution of step 724).

On the other hand, if the regime imposed on the group during the previous iteration was a lower operating regime, the optimum operating point is considered to have been reached. The operating point is then maintained at the considered value, the iteration loop then continues with a return to step 722. Alternatively the operating point is carried, by execution of step 724 and a new iteration. , to a slightly higher value, depending on the operating margin of safety that one wishes to have.

It should be noted that, in general, it is important for the analysis of step 723, to take into consideration the operating state of the group at the previous iteration, to determine whether at the previous iteration the group provided a pressure level located in the control zone of the installation (see zone 62, figure 6 ).

Thus, from a functional point of view, step 723, will perform an iterative phase allowing the installation, starting from an initial set-point regime, to arrive at an optimal operating regime, that is to say a maximum operating speed. both minimal and satisfying the needs of the facility in terms of flow for each of its mouths. Once this regime is installed step 723 analysis at each iteration a possible flow rate change in the installation or the appearance of a malfunction on one of the vents. If no change is found, the iteration loop continues for a new iteration by step 722, with a setpoint regime unchanged. On the other hand, if a change is found the analysis carried out will determine the nature of the change and consequently will trigger the execution of a new iteration passing through the execution of step 724 during which the setpoint regime will be incremented or decremented, with the aim of determining the new regime optimal operation.

It should be noted that the steady-state operation, the step 723 may comprise complementary or alternative way, a periodic operation to start the step 724, to impose, at the next iteration, an increment of ventilation regime, in order to check the correct positioning of the ventilation system.

According to the invention, the step 724 of modifying the setpoint regime applied to the ventilation group consists of the established regime, that is to say after a given number of iterations, to increase or decrease the operating mode. current operation R _ci of a fixed value ΔR or possibly adjustable according to the stored values or external orders that can receive the mouths or the centralized ventilation group.

By external order, we mean orders transmitted by the user of the ventilated space resulting from a wired command, radio or via a smartphone, or else information based on a calendar or a clock aimed at defining modes of operation related the compromise between the consumption of the system and necessities related in particular to the self-feeding mouths (standby, demand for high responsiveness during periods of toilets or kitchen for example, ...). By external order can also be heard the activation requested by the user of a large flow in bathroom or kitchen timed.

This step 724 also consists of the start phase, ie during the first iterations of the phase 72, to update the speed reference value Rc _i by increasing or decreasing by a fixed value ΔR the operating speed imposed on the previous iteration, the sign of ΔR being a function of the value of the initial setpoint Rc ₀ imposed by the initialization phase 71.

Thus, for example, in a particular mode of implementation starting from an initial operating mode Rc ₀ = Rc _min at the group level, the step of modifying the setpoint speed Rc _i 724 increases the operating mode of the group of in order to change the regime imposed on the group by a positive ΔR increment. This steady state increase continues until the system has acquired sufficient successive values of the operating parameters used in the analysis step 723.

According to the invention, the step 724 is followed by a return to the step 721 followed itself by the step 722 of waiting of stabilization of the parameters.

The figure 8 schematically illustrates the principle of behavior of the method according to the invention during the iterative phase by considering the three possible situations. The operating regime imposed on the installation by the ventilation unit at the instant in question is here represented by a horizontal line, therefore at constant pressure. As explained above, it is quite possible to perform this regulation of the installation by imposing, for example, a constant speed to the fan of the centralized ventilation unit. In the latter case, the operating curve will be substantially decreasing with the flow rate.

The curves 821 to 823 indicate, for a given iteration, the possible operating point of the installation, the point represented by the intersection between the line 811 of the operating speed of the fan and the curve 821, 822 or 823 characteristic of the ventilation system considered.

The point of intersection between line 811 and curve 821 corresponds to a situation for which the operating pressure is just above the minimum permissible pressure value, in a pressure range corresponding to an operating safety margin. given.

Such a situation corresponds to a configuration for which no mouth is considered as defective in terms of flow, and for which the most disadvantaged mouth operates at its minimum pressure with potentially a safety margin. This configuration functional corresponds to the optimal operating state that the iterative phase 62 of the method according to the invention tends to maintain.

It is recalled that the minimum permissible pressure corresponds to the pressure below which there is a variation in the flow rate of the installation characterizing a passage for certain ventilation openings in an operating pressure outside its control range.

Curve 822 illustrates the case where, for a given iteration, the state of the installation, represented by the point M2, has evolved with respect to the optimal state of the preceding case represented by the point M1, because, for example , closing one or more vents of the installation.

The point of operation at the pressure 811 is then much greater than the optimum operating point of the installation, which corresponds to the horizontal line 812. This situation also corresponds to a configuration for which no mouth is considered to be faulty in terms of of debt. However, the iterative phase 62 of the process according to the invention is continued by gradually lowering the operating speed of the installation until the pressure of the installation is brought to the optimum pressure 812.

Curve 823 illustrates the case where, for a given iteration, the state of the installation, represented by the point M3, has evolved with respect to the optimal state represented by the point M1, because, for example, opening one or more vents of the installation.

In such a circumstance, the overall flow rate is increased, as well as the characteristic pressure, due to network load losses which increase with the flow rate of the installation. As a result, the operating speed at the pressure 811 is then lower than the optimal operating speed of the installation which then corresponds to the horizontal line 813, so that the operation of the installation is outside the control range.

Consequently, in such a situation for which certain ventilation openings are likely to have a failure in terms of flow control, the iterative phase 72 of the process according to the invention is continued by gradually raising the operating speed of the installation to bring the pressure of the installation to the optimum pressure 813.

Thus, during the execution of the method according to the invention, in the event of an initial operating set point imposing an initial operating regime Rc _i = Rc _min , the method according to the invention proceeds with a gradual increase of the pressure required to pass from an operating point outside the control range of the installation (illustrated by curves 821 to 823 on the figure 8 ) at an operating point on the lower part of the control range of the installation.

Thus, at the rate of the iterations, a regulation of the operating regime imposed on the installation around a value Rc close to the optimum R _f regime which induces an operating pressure close to the minimum admissible pressure.

However, in the event of a fault, or of any failure, the system will be limited to either Rc _min or Rc _max to avoid a lack of ventilation or on the contrary an excess too high pressure inducing in fact an acoustic discomfort.

It should be noted that, as has been said previously, the different detected states can be determined by measuring the flow rate through the ventilation group or by determining the operating state of the different ventilation outlets, by means of communication without wire for example.

Claims (19)

Ventilation mouthpiece for a ventilation system, characterized in that it comprises a flow sensor (12) carried by said mouth (10) and configured to catch at least a portion of the flow of air flowing in the mouth (10) and for producing an electrical signal (18) characterizing and quantifying the airflow through the venting mouth (10), and an electronic control and measuring circuit (13) carried by said mouth and configured to determine the value of the sensed airflow by analyzing the electrical signal (18) produced by the flow sensor (12); the flow sensor (12) and the electronic measuring and control circuit (13) being powered by an autonomous power source (14) integrated with the ventilation opening (10). Ventilation mouth according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises; a controllable flow control circuit (15) carried by said mouth (10) for varying, on command of the control and measuring circuit (13), the flow of air through the air flow duct (11) the mouth (10); the flow modulator circuit (15) being supplied with electricity by the autonomous power source (14) integrated with the ventilation opening (10). Ventilation mouthpiece according to claim 2, characterized in that the flow sensor (12) comprises an air turbine (300) configured to be rotated by the flow of air passing through the conduit mechanically coupled to a generator (500A) producing an alternating electric current whose frequency varies directly as a function of the rotational speed of the turbine (300), the electrical signal produced by the generator constituting both the source of autonomous electrical energy (14) supplying energy to the circuit of measurement and control (500B) and the electrical signal (18) used by said measuring and control circuit to determine the value of the captured airflow. Ventilation mouth according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the flow modulator circuit (15) comprises a shutter (600A, 600B) configured to close on command of the measuring and control element (500B), all or part of the air flow duct (100B) so as to regulate the flow of air through this duct; the flow modulator circuit (15) being supplied with electricity by the autonomous power source (14) integrated with the ventilation opening (10). Ventilation mouthpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that the flow modulator circuit (15) comprises means for applying a variable load to the flow sensor (15), the value of the applied load being controlled by the measuring circuit and control (13). Ventilation mouthpiece according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the electronic measuring and control circuit is configured to transmit an operating command to the flow control circuit, said control being determined by comparison the measured airflow value with a given setpoint airflow value, so as to maintain the flowrate measured through the mouth substantially equal to the setpoint. Ventilation mouthpiece according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it further comprises at least one sensor (16) for determining a specific ventilation need in the area of the space where the mouth (10) is installed supplied with electrical energy by the autonomous power source (14) integrated in the ventilation opening and supplying the measurement and control circuit (13) with measurements of one or more parameters accounting for said specific ventilation requirement, the flow setpoint value determining the control of the circuit flow modulator (15) being defined as a function of the parameter values measured by said at least one sensor (16). Mouth according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensor (16) for determining a ventilation requirement is an air quality sensor Ventilation mouthpiece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic measuring and control circuit (13) is configured to transmit to one or more recipients information relating to the measured air flow rate and / or to the operating state of the ventilation opening (10). Ventilation mouthpiece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring and control circuit (13) is configured to receive from one or more senders information relating to the operating status of said senders and / or operating commands for changing the operating state of the ventilation opening (10). Ventilation mouth according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring and control circuit (13) comprises communication means (17) enabling it to communicate with remote elements by wireless connection. Ventilation installation of a building, characterized in that it comprises a central ventilation unit and at least one ventilation opening (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, each mouth (10) being connected to the central group of ventilation via a network of ventilation ducts, the central ventilation unit being configured to be able to vary its operating state in terms of pressure and / or flow. Ventilation system according to claim 12, characterized in that at least some of the ventilation openings (10) are configured to transmit wirelessly (17) information relating to their operating status and / or flow rate measurements. made by the means with which they are equipped, the central ventilation unit comprises a control member configured to receive the information transmitted by each equipped mouth (10) and to vary its operating state in pressure and / or in flow depending said information. Ventilation system of a building according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the central ventilation unit comprises means for measuring the air flow therethrough. Method for implementing a ventilation system of a building according to one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - An initialization phase (71) during which the ventilation unit is forced to operate a Rc ₀ operating regime allowing it to provide a given pressure an iterative phase (72) during which the operating state of the installation is analyzed and the setpoint Rc or the current setpoint is changed according to the result of the analysis. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the iterative phase comprises the execution of the following steps: A first step (721) of setting up an operating pressure corresponding to a given setpoint regime Rc; a second step (722) of waiting for the stabilization of the variations due to the regime applied; a third step (723) for acquiring and analyzing the value of at least one measurement parameter related to the operating state of the installation as a whole; a fourth step of modifying (724) the value of the setpoint regime corresponding to the present value of the operating pressure, as a function of the value of each parameter considered, acquired during the acquisition step (723). a fifth memory step (725) placed after the second step (722) during which several successive values of at least one operating parameter of the installation are stored, these values being stored during the iterations preceding the iteration considered. Method according to Claim 16, characterized in that the step of modifying (724) the setpoint regime Rc modifies the value of said operating speed by a negative or positive increment ΔR according to whether the variation of the value of the parameter (s) taken account for the analysis does or does not conform to a reference value. Method according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that , the installation comprising a group equipped with means for measuring the flow of air passing through the group, the step of analysis (723) of the iterative phase (72) comprises an operation of measuring the air flow and analyzing the variation of this value over the iterations. Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the plant comprises a ventilation unit equipped with means for connecting the ventilation unit to ventilation ducts (10) each transmitting wirelessly (17) a information relating to its operating state, the acquisition step comprises a read operation of the status information transmitted by each of the ventilation openings considered and comparison of this state with a given reference state.

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