EP1745184A2 - Ventilated transformer enclosure - Google Patents
Ventilated transformer enclosureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1745184A2 EP1745184A2 EP05740274A EP05740274A EP1745184A2 EP 1745184 A2 EP1745184 A2 EP 1745184A2 EP 05740274 A EP05740274 A EP 05740274A EP 05740274 A EP05740274 A EP 05740274A EP 1745184 A2 EP1745184 A2 EP 1745184A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- airflow
- enclosure
- transformer
- aperture
- roof
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20009—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20136—Forced ventilation, e.g. by fans
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
- E04H5/02—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial purposes, e.g. for power-plants or factories
- E04H5/04—Transformer houses; Substations or switchgear houses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/02—Casings
- H01F27/025—Constructional details relating to cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/085—Cooling by ambient air
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B7/00—Enclosed substations, e.g. compact substations
- H02B7/06—Distribution substations, e.g. for urban network
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to transformer enclosures. More particularly, the invention relates to the ventilation of transformer enclosures. Transformers and other electrical devices are often housed in an enclosure. The enclosures are used for a variety of reasons, such as to provide mechanical protection to the transformer, as a safety measure to keep people and animals from coming into contact with electrical current, to provide easy mounting and inter- wiring of several electrical devices, and to protect electrical devices from the effects of the environment, e.g., rain, snow, temperature, and the like. Transformer enclosures often accumulate heat produced by the transformer that could raise the temperature inside the enclosure to undesirable levels and cause damage to the electrical devices, or worse, fire.
- an enclosure can include some form of ventilation to exhaust hot air from the enclosure and replace it with cooler air from outside the enclosure, thus maintaining an acceptable temperature range inside the enclosure.
- the configuration of these enclosures must admit enough cooling airflow without leaving the electrical devices therein vulnerable to effects of the environment.
- a transformer enclosure includes a base structure, a wall secured to the base structure, and an airflow aperture located in a lower portion of the wall.
- a roof structure is secured to the wall and has an overhang portion extending beyond the wall outward from the enclosure.
- the overhang portion has a rooftop panel and a roof bottom panel.
- the roof bottom panel has a roof airflow aperture.
- a transformer enclosure includes means for enclosing a volume and airflow means for cooling a transformer within the enclosed volume.
- the airflow means includes an airflow aperture in an underside of an overhang portion of a roof structure of the enclosure.
- a transformer enclosure includes means for enclosing a volume and airflow means for cooling a transformer within the enclosed volume.
- the airflow means includes a plurality of opposing channels.
- FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment of a transformer enclosure according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 depicts a side view of an enclosure according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIGs. 3A-C depict some exemplary configurations for the airflow apertures according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 depicts an airflow aperture with an airflow adjustment means according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 depicts an airflow aperture configured as a plurality of opposing channels that are offset.
- FIG. 6 depicts an enclosure having one or more cooling fans according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment of a transformer enclosure 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the transformer enclosure 100 includes a base structure 102.
- the base structure 102 may include means for supporting a transformer (not shown) within the enclosure, such as brackets 104.
- One or more walls 110 are secured to the base structure 102, typically at a bottom portion 112 of the wall 110.
- the bottom portion 112 of the wall 110 can be at any portion near the bottom of the wall, and not necessarily the bottom edge.
- the wall 110 is preferably substantially pe ⁇ endicular to the base structure 102, e.g., at an angle of approximately 90°, such as between 80°- 100°.
- the wall 110 and base structure 102 form an angle substantially different from 90°, such as 30°, 45°, 60°, 120°, 135°, 150°, and any of various angles therebetween.
- the wall 110 is preferably secured around the perimeter of the base structure 102. Alternatively, the wall 110 is secured at any point of the base structure 102.
- a rectangular enclosure is depicted in FIG. 1 , it will be understood that the enclosure wall 110 may form any of a number of geometric shapes, such polygonal, i.e., triangle, square, pentagon, etc., or can be circular, oval, elliptical, and the like.
- any number of walls 110 may be employed.
- the enclosure 100 can preferably accommodate large transformers, such as transformers power rated for 1 13KVA - 15,000 KVA. These transformers produce a substantial amount of heat. For example, it is not unusual for the transformer to reach temperatures of 220° C.
- the enclosure 100 preferably complies with National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 250-1997 Standards.
- an enclosure of Type 3R is constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, and snow; and that will be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure.
- the enclosure may also be constructed to satisfy other specific types of the 250 standard, such as Type 1, 2, 3, 3S, 4, 4X,and 5.
- the enclosure 100 includes airflow means for cooling a transformer within the enclosed volume.
- the airflow means is an airflow aperture 150 in an underside of an overhang portion 142 of a roof structure 140 of the enclosure 110.
- the roof structure 140 is secured to the wall 110 and has an overhang portion 142 extending beyond the wall 110 outward from the enclosure.
- the roof structure 140 has a roof top panel 144 and the overhang portion has a roof bottom panel 146.
- the roof bottom panel includes the roof airflow aperture 150.
- At least one of the walls 110 includes an airflow aperture 120, preferably at a lower portion of the wall 110.
- a lower portion of the wall 110 means that most or all of the aperture is positioned in the lower half of the wall 110.
- Some of the walls 110 do not have apertures, such as end wall 130.
- FIG. 1 although three walls 110 are shown in the front of the enclosure 100, each with airflow aperture 120, some of these walls 110 may not include an airflow aperture 120. The same applies to walls on the sides and back of the enclosure 100.
- FIG. 2 a side view of an enclosure 200 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
- the enclosure 200 includes airflow means for cooling a transformer 215 within the enclosed volume 210 of the enclosure 200.
- the heat produced by the transformer 215 causes convection airflow. That is, the heat given off by the transformer 215 rises to the top of the enclosed volume 210 and exits through a roof airflow aperture 250 on an underside of an overhang of roof structure 244.
- the reduction in pressure caused by the exiting heated air draws cooler air into the enclosed volume 210 through airflow aperture 220.
- the process continues as long as the air is heated by the transformer 215, which causes a continuous airflow through the enclosed volume 210 and over (and through) the transformer 215, thus cooling the transformer. Also depicted in FIG.
- additional sides of the enclosure 200 can optionally include an additional airflow aperture 221 and/or roof airflow aperture 251 to increase airflow through the enclosed volume 210 and/or to provide airflow on additional sides of the transformer 215.
- the airflow aperture 220 is preferably located to guide the airflow into the enclosure 200 and through the center of the transformer cast coil.
- FIGs. 3A-C illustrate some exemplary configurations for the airflow aperture 220 and/or the roof airflow aperture 250.
- the aperture 250 is sized to permit adequate airflow through the enclosure based on calculations for heat produced, enclosed volume, ambient or outside temperature, and other considerations.
- the aperture can be a single opening, or can be a plurality of openings 301.
- the aperture(s) can be an opening in the wall or roof structure or can be formed in a ventilation panel that is secured to an opening in the wall or roof structure.
- the aperture(s) may be of any shape and quantity.
- one or more slit-shaped apertures 311 may be formed.
- the aperture(s) are configured as a plurality of offset members on a ventilation panel.
- the ventilation panel includes a frame 321 and one or more members 322 displaced toward one side of the frame 321 and, in an alternating fashion, one or more members 323 displaced toward the other side of the frame 321.
- the offset members 322, 323 are opposingly displaced to form an offset configuration that allows air to enter while providing good mechanical protection.
- this offset configuration can be formed in the surface of the enclosure itself (without a frame) by bending, or otherwise displacing, members in opposite directions.
- the aperture(s) are configured as a plurality of opposing channels 500, 502 that are offset.
- One or more channels 500 include protruding air guides 501 and are configured facing one or more opposing channels 502 that also include protruding air guides 503.
- the channels 501, 502 are offset as shown so that air flows through the channels 501, 502 around the air guides 501, 503 as shown by the arrow 505. Objects, such as snow, rain, dirt, and other obstructions, are prevented from flowing through the aperture due to the offset and the S-shaped direction of the airflow 505.
- the airflow aperture 220 and/or the roof airflow aperture 250 has an airflow adjustment means to variably increase and decrease aperture dimensions, thereby increasing and decreasing airflow.
- One or more members 400 are rotatably attached to a frame 410, which could simply be the surrounding enclosure surface, and are connected via a linkage 420 to a control means 430 to change the angle of the members 400 to when a side-to-side force 440 is applied to the linkage. The change in angle of the members 400 adjusts the overall aperture size, which adjusts the airflow.
- the control means 430 can be manual, such as a handle, or automatic, such as motor driven.
- the configuration of FIG. 4 is exemplary. Many other configurations can be used to achieve similar functionality for adjusting airflow.
- FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the invention.
- one or more cooling fans 610, 620 are installed near the airflow aperture and/or the roof airflow aperture to increase airflow through the enclosure.
- the cooling fans 610, 620 can be installed near only one of the apertures or can be installed at any point inside the enclosure that increases airflow.
- the enclosure according to the invention is suitable for outdoor applications. Airflow apertures are positioned at an underside of the roof structure.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/835,223 US20050257439A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-04-29 | Ventilated transformer enclosure |
PCT/US2005/014921 WO2005108714A2 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2005-04-29 | Ventilated transformer enclosure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1745184A2 true EP1745184A2 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
EP1745184A4 EP1745184A4 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
Family
ID=35320821
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05740274A Withdrawn EP1745184A4 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2005-04-29 | Ventilated transformer enclosure |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050257439A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1745184A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101426992A (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0510285A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2564782C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005108714A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES1053250Y (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2003-07-01 | Twelcon Electronica S L | SPECIAL URBAN TRANSFORMATION CENTER. |
JP2006286931A (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Tdk Corp | Thin film device |
US20090229194A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Advanced Shielding Technologies Europe S.I. | Portable modular data center |
CN101761252B (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2012-05-02 | 贵阳镁铝设计研究院有限公司 | Mill construction of overhanging type air inlet ventilation outer wall |
PL216600B1 (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2014-04-30 | ABB Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością | Housing for modular switchgear for power substations for secondary distribution |
US8375566B2 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2013-02-19 | Abb Inc. | Method of providing arc-resistant dry type transformer enclosure |
US8492662B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2013-07-23 | Abb Inc. | Arc-resistant dry type transformer enclosure having arc fault damper apparatus |
US8456838B2 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2013-06-04 | Abb Inc. | Arc-resistant dry type transformer enclosure having arc channels |
CN102759963A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Server case |
JP5811609B2 (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2015-11-11 | 富士電機株式会社 | Transformer cooling system |
CN103249275A (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-14 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Heat dissipation system |
US8689932B2 (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2014-04-08 | General Electric Company | On-base enclosure |
JP6088157B2 (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2017-03-01 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | Switchboard and cooling method thereof |
US20140001932A1 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-02 | Nathan L. Westby | Modular Outdoor Enclosure and Gravity Damper System |
US9472925B2 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2016-10-18 | General Electric Company | Switchgear housing including a pressure relief member |
US9661778B1 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-05-23 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Deployable barrier for data center |
CN104150331A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-11-19 | 广东合普动力科技有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronization tractor with ventilation structure |
US10408865B2 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2019-09-10 | GRID20/20, Inc. | Power monitor protective shroud |
JP6443627B2 (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2018-12-26 | 富士電機株式会社 | Transformer cooling system |
US10143116B2 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2018-11-27 | Toshiba International Corporation | Outdoor UPS unit system and method |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE6916926U (en) * | 1969-04-26 | 1969-10-23 | Sachsenwerk Licht Und Kraft A | FACTORY-READY, PROFILE ALUMINUM CLADDED NETWORK STATION. |
GB1239247A (en) * | 1967-09-26 | 1971-07-14 | ||
US4609126A (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1986-09-02 | Gte Communications Systems Corporation | Venting cap for apparatus housing |
US6365826B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-04-02 | General Electric Company | Waterproof enclosure for electrical devices |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US524188A (en) * | 1894-08-07 | Electeic transformer | ||
US612122A (en) * | 1898-10-11 | Electrical converter | ||
US2295414A (en) * | 1939-08-03 | 1942-09-08 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Transformer |
US2459322A (en) * | 1945-03-16 | 1949-01-18 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Stationary induction apparatus |
US2751562A (en) * | 1951-12-13 | 1956-06-19 | Gen Electric | Dry-type transformer |
US2927736A (en) * | 1954-04-23 | 1960-03-08 | Frederick S Rohatyn | Apparatus for cooling a device which produces heat during the operation thereof |
US3360752A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1967-12-26 | R E Uptegraff Mfg Company | Transformer housing construction |
US3951336A (en) * | 1974-08-28 | 1976-04-20 | Miller And Sons Structures, Inc. | Ventilation system for livestock housing |
US4146112A (en) * | 1977-10-31 | 1979-03-27 | General Electric Company | Sound reducing baffle for electrical apparatus |
US4292927A (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1981-10-06 | Farmstead Industries, Div. Of Farmhand, Inc. | Swine shelter ventilating system |
USD268952S (en) * | 1980-11-26 | 1983-05-10 | Standex International Corporation | Combined fresh air make-up and temperature control unit |
US6220956B1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2001-04-24 | Jay T. Kilian | Soffit fan |
-
2004
- 2004-04-29 US US10/835,223 patent/US20050257439A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-04-29 CA CA2564782A patent/CA2564782C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-29 CN CN200580013208.6A patent/CN101426992A/en active Pending
- 2005-04-29 EP EP05740274A patent/EP1745184A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-29 WO PCT/US2005/014921 patent/WO2005108714A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-29 BR BRPI0510285-5A patent/BRPI0510285A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1239247A (en) * | 1967-09-26 | 1971-07-14 | ||
DE6916926U (en) * | 1969-04-26 | 1969-10-23 | Sachsenwerk Licht Und Kraft A | FACTORY-READY, PROFILE ALUMINUM CLADDED NETWORK STATION. |
US4609126A (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1986-09-02 | Gte Communications Systems Corporation | Venting cap for apparatus housing |
US6365826B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-04-02 | General Electric Company | Waterproof enclosure for electrical devices |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2005108714A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050257439A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
CA2564782C (en) | 2011-04-05 |
EP1745184A4 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
CA2564782A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
WO2005108714A2 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
CN101426992A (en) | 2009-05-06 |
WO2005108714A3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
BRPI0510285A (en) | 2007-10-30 |
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Legal Events
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DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
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A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20110308 |
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RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: H05K 7/20 20060101ALI20110302BHEP Ipc: H01F 27/02 20060101ALI20110302BHEP Ipc: E04H 1/00 20060101AFI20051124BHEP |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
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