EP1702736A2 - Apparatus for making concrete articles - Google Patents

Abstract

Device has an opening which is partially bounded such that the member (21,24) is projected inside of the mold cavity. Plunger or plunger plate can be centered during the lowering into the mold cavity by the member. Device is provided with a molding frame and concrete can be filled inside the mold cavity.

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing moldings made of concrete, in particular concrete blocks, wherein a mold frame is provided which has at least one mold cavity into which concrete can be filled and which is at least partially limited by upright mold walls of the mold frame and wherein the upright mold walls to the inside of the mold cavity projecting members are arranged, at least some of which enter the filled concrete and at least partially take it on an upward movement of the mold frame for demolding the moldings, to form a roughened surface on at least one outer side of the molding and wherein the mold cavity an upper Has opening through which a stamp plate having a stamp can be lowered into the mold cavity.

Such devices are used in the production of moldings made of concrete in the soft-split process. In this case, concrete is poured into the mold cavity of the mold and pulled off after at least partial setting of the concrete of the mold frame up from the molding. The projecting to the interior of the mold cavity objects or projections ensure that a concrete layer is lifted from the molding and moved up out of the mold cavity. In this way, the corresponding side surface of the molding receives a fractured surface. Such a method is for example from the US 5,078,940 and the one coming from the applicant's house DE 102 47 259 A1 known.

On this basis, the invention has the object to further develop known devices of the type mentioned, in particular with regard to dimensional accuracy of the products produced in these devices.

An apparatus for achieving this object has the features of claim 1. It is therefore provided that the opening is at least partially limited by the projecting to the interior of the mold cavity organs that the punch or the stamp plate is centered at least on lowering into the mold cavity by the institutions.

In this way it is achieved that the stamp plate or the stamp is centered during lowering and preferably also during subsequent lifting in or out of the mold cavity. A mispositioning of the stamp within the mold, which can otherwise lead to dimensional inaccuracies or incorrectly formed moldings, is thus avoided.

Preferably, it is provided that some - arranged in particular in an upper region of the mold walls - organs further protrude to the interior of the mold cavity as - in particular arranged in a lower region of the mold walls - organs, wherein the further to the interior of the mold cavity projecting organs, the upper opening of the mold cavity at least partially limit such that this substantially corresponds to the ground plan dimensions of the insertable from above into the mold cavity stamp plate of the punch. In conventional soft-split molds, however, the top opening of the mold cavity has a larger dimension than the corresponding surface of the die plate, which can lead to inaccurate positioning of the stamp and or tilting of the stamp when lowered into the mold or during demoulding of the moldings ,

In other words, according to the invention is therefore proposed that an upwardly facing opening of the mold cavity, by a punch with a stamp plate in the mold cavity movable and can be brought to rest on an upper side of the molding, is bounded laterally by the interior of the mold cavity projecting organs , wherein the dimensions of the opening substantially correspond to the dimensions of the stamp plate and disposed in the lower region of the mold cavity organs protrude a lesser degree to the interior of the mold cavity.

According to one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the organs are arranged one above the other in several, preferably parallel rows, the organs of a series are arranged spaced apart, in particular with uniform or regular intervals with each other. It has been found that in this way a comparatively natural roughening of the side surface of the molding can be achieved.

It is preferably provided that the members of adjacent rows are arranged offset from one another, in particular offset to one another in a gap. This measure also helps to improve the appearance of the machined side surface.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the organs have a cubic shape.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the arranged below the maximum level of the mold organs protrude substantially equal to the interior of the mold cavity.

It is preferable that the organs are arranged on all mold walls of the mold cavity. In this way, all side walls of the molding can be processed in one operation.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the organs above the maximum level of the mold are at least partially arranged continuously. In this way, the organs can be designed in extreme cases as a circumferential centering aid.

Another special feature is that in the mold cavity at least one wiper member is provided, with which at least one outer side of the molding concrete is strippable, to form a roughened surface during an upward movement of the mold frame during demoulding of the moldings. The design and arrangement of the wiper member is the subject of dependent claims. It is preferably provided that the wiper member projects further toward the interior of the mold cavity than the organs arranged below the maximum filling height of the mold.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims or will become apparent from the description, moreover.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Form in räumlicher Darstellung,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf die Form gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Form gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

ein Formnest der Form gemäß Fig. 1 in teilweiser räumlicher Darstellung,

Fig. 5 bis Fig. 7

einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Form gemäß Fig. 1 während unterschiedlicher Phasen des Herstellens von Formlingen aus Beton,

Fig. 8

eine Form in räumlicher Darstellung gemäß eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels, und

Fig. 9 bis Fig. 11

eine Darstellung analog Fig. 5 bis Fig. 7 für das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 8.

Two preferred embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. In this show:

Fig. 1

a form according to the invention in spatial representation,

Fig. 2

a plan view of the mold of FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

a vertical section through the mold of FIG. 1,

Fig. 4

a mold cavity of the mold according to FIG. 1 in partial spatial representation,

Fig. 5 to Fig. 7

1 shows a vertical section through the mold according to FIG. 1 during different phases of the production of molded articles made of concrete, FIG.

Fig. 8

a form in a spatial representation according to a second embodiment, and

Fig. 9 to Fig. 11

a representation analogous to FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 for the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8.

The concrete molds 10, 11 shown schematically and substantially in the working examples serve to produce concrete moldings, e.g. Concrete blocks, concrete hollow bodies or the like. These have at least one side surfaces with a roughened structure or surface formed by stripping off a thin concrete layer. For clarity, a representation of the concrete blocks or moldings has been omitted.

The moldings or concrete blocks are manufactured in the concrete molds 10, 11, which consists of a single chamber or a single mold cavity 12 in the embodiment according to FIG. 8 and of six mold cavities 13 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 13 is laterally enclosed by upright mold walls 14, 15. In the embodiments shown, the mold walls 14, 15 are formed closed. At least they have in the areas that serve to form side surfaces of the molding, no openings, openings or the like.

The concrete form 10, 11 rests on a separate base, in the present case on a base board 16. This in turn is usually on a vibrating table for compacting the filled in the concrete molds 10, 11 concrete. The fresh concrete is from top through an opening 17 in the concrete form 10, 11 and the mold nests 12, 13 filled while the concrete form 10, 11 rests on the base board 16. From above, a partially illustrated punch 18 is then inserted or lowered through the opening 17 in the or each mold cavity 12, 13, wherein a punch plate 19 of the punch 18 is pressed against the top of the filled concrete, to form a top or bottom of the molding.

After compacting the concrete, the molding is removed from the mold. This is done by lifting the concrete form 10, 11. During the upward movement of the concrete form 10, 11 of the molding is fixed on the base board 16 by the punch 18 and the stamp plate 19. Since the mold cavities 12, 13 also have an opening on the underside, the concrete mold 10, 11 can be pulled upwards from the molding, so that the molding rests on the base board 16 and can be carried away with it (FIGS. 5 - 7 or 9 - 11 ).

The roughened surface or side surface of the molding is produced during the removal of the concrete form 10, 11 of the molding, so during the upward movement of the concrete mold 10, 11. For this purpose, two means are provided in a special way, namely on the one hand a wiper member 20 which on the Outside of the molding is moved along, while a concrete layer stripped from the molding. On the other hand serve for this purpose on the mold walls 14, 15 formed organs 21 which project to the interior of the mold cavity 12, 13 and enter the filled concrete. When moving up the concrete form 10, 11, these organs 21 ensure that the concrete layer is lifted. The thickness of the lifted concrete layer corresponds approximately to the depth of the organs 21. The particular structure of the side surface of the molding results from the fact that the stripped concrete or the stripped concrete layer along the side surface of the molding by the stripping member 20 and the interior of the mold cavity 12, 13 projecting members 21 is moved.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the wiper member 20 is arranged in each case at the lower free end of the mold walls 14, 15 and projects relative to the latter into the interior of the mold cavity 14, 15. The wiper 20 thus forms a lower end of the mold walls 15, 16. The wiper 20 may be disposed on one or more mold walls 14, 15. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, the wiper member is disposed on all four upright mold walls 14, 15. In the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 8-11, the wiper member 20 is associated with respective opposite mold walls 14 of the mold cavity 13.

The arranged on the mold walls 14, 15 organs 21, which protrude to the interior of the mold cavity 12, 13, serve to keep the stripped concrete layer when removing the concrete form 10, 11 on the mold walls 14, 15. In this way it is prevented that the stripped concrete falls on the base board 16 or the molding.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the bodies are essentially round nubs 22 which are square or rectangular in cross-section. The nubs 22 are arranged at a distance from one another in a row, with a plurality of rows being arranged one above the other and running parallel to one another. The distances between the individual knobs 22 of a row with each other are preferably about the same size, the knobs 22 of adjacent rows are arranged offset from one another, so that on the mold walls 14, 15 a uniform, formed by the knobs 22, a checkered structure arises. The knobs 22 are also arranged above the wiper 20. Preferably, the dimples 22 are less protruding toward the interior of the mold cavities 12, 13 than the stripping member 20. For example, the studs 22 may have a depth of 5 mm and the stripping member 20 a depth of 6 mm. Furthermore, it is provided that the studs 22 of two adjacent horizontal rows do not overlap in the vertical pulling direction, but that a "free area" is formed, which may amount to approximately 8 mm, for example, according to FIG.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the cuboid nubs 22 have a planar end face directed towards the inside of the mold cavity 12, 13, which plane runs parallel to the mold walls 14, 15. The end faces 23 of the knobs 22 are all in the same plane, this plane being set back from the plane of the front edge of the wiper member 20. The end faces 23 of the knobs 22 can optionally be roughened or, for example, grooved in order to improve the optical quality of the roughened side surfaces of the concrete block. The ground plan dimensions of the end face 23 may be, for example 16 x 16 mm. Of course, the shape of the studs 22 may vary, particularly to produce different effects. Conceivable, for example, web-like structures or projecting organs with a triangular side view, the top of which is directed in stripping the concrete form 10, 11.

A special feature is that individual organs 24 project further to the inner of the mold nests 12, 13 than the above-described organs 21 and studs 22. These organs 24 serve the punch 18 on the stamp plate 19 when lowering into the mold nests 12, 13th to center. For this purpose, the jump Organ 24 for centering the punch 18 so to the interior of the mold cavity 12, 13 before that the opening 17 at the top of the concrete mold 10, 11 is reduced by the organs 24 and corresponds approximately to the dimensions of the stamp plate 19. The organs 24 thus serve to adapt the inside width of the opening 17 to the ground plan dimensions of the stamp plate 19. In the illustrated embodiment, the depth is about 22 mm.

Since not all the mold walls 14, 15 of the concrete mold 10, 11 organs 21, 24 must be arranged, the opening 17 may be limited only on one or more mold walls 14, 15 by the organs 24, whereas other mold walls 14, 15 without Projections are formed. It may also be that individual mold walls have no organs 21 in the lower region of the mold wall 14, 15, but are provided with a centering member 24 in the region of the opening 17.

The centering organs 24 are arranged in the embodiments shown at the upper free end of the mold walls 14, 15. The organs 24 are also provided in cross section with a top and bottom chamfer 25. The chamfer 25 facilitates the insertion of the stamp plate 19 into the opening 17 and corrects minor misalignments of the stamp plate 19. If the stamp plate 19 is lowered below the level of the organs 24, supports the underside bevel 25 in the same way, the extraction of the punch 18 from the mold cavity 12, 13.

The position of the centering members 24 at the upper free edge of the mold walls 14, 15 is not mandatory. Of course, the mold walls 14, 15 may extend further upwards. However, the centering members 24 should be arranged with respect to a maximum level of the mold 10, 11 such that the resting on the top of the moldings or the filled concrete stamp plate 19 when lowering into the mold cavity 12, 13 previously in contact with the centering Organs 24 is coming.

With reference to FIGS. 5-7, the moldings are manufactured as follows: The concrete mold 10, 11 is set down on the base board 16 so that the mold cavities 12, 13 are closed on the underside. The punch 18 with the punch plate 19 is in a raised position outside the mold cavity 12, 13, so that the upper opening 17 is free for filling concrete (FIG. 5). After filling the concrete, the punch 18 is lowered through the opening 17 in the mold nests 12, 13, wherein it comes into contact with the centering members 24 and thereby aligned in exact relative position on the molding (Fig. 6). Thereafter, the concrete form 10, 11 after peeled off from the moldings above. The top of the molding lies against the underside of the stamp plate 19, so that the moldings can not be raised together with the concrete mold 10, 11. In this removal of the concrete form 10, 11 of the moldings, a concrete layer is lifted or peeled off at the side surfaces of the molding, which are facing the mold walls 14, 15 provided with organs 21, 24. The thickness of the concrete layer corresponds approximately to the horizontal dimension from the inside of the mold walls 14, 15 to the front edge of the wiper member 20 (FIG. 7).

The concrete form of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8 - 11 is characterized on the one hand by a polygonal floor plan. In addition, in this concrete form 11 only a single mold is produced. The molded article has a roughened outer side on two opposite side surfaces, so that only the correspondingly facing mold walls 14 have the organs 21, 24 and the wiper element 20. Another difference is that the centering member 24 extends continuously along the mold walls 14, whereas the mold walls 15 have neither organs 21 or studs 22 nor a centering member 24. Since the moldings to be produced in this concrete mold 11 have only a small height, the organs 24 extend over a correspondingly greater height along the mold walls 14, namely from the upper free edge thereof to just below the maximum level of the concrete mold 11, So until just below a lower end position of the stamp plate 19th

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

concrete form

11

concrete form

12

cavity

13

cavity

14

mold wall

15

mold wall

16

support board

17

opening

18

stamp

19

stamp plate

20

wringing

21

organ

22

burl

23

face

24

organ

25

chamfer

Claims (17)

Apparatus for the production of moldings from concrete, in particular from concrete blocks, wherein a mold frame is provided which has at least one mold cavity (12, 13) can be filled into the concrete and which is at least partially limited by upright mold walls (14, 15) of the mold frame and wherein on the upright mold walls (14, 15) to the interior of the mold cavity (12, 13) protruding members (21, 24) are arranged, of which at least some enter the filled concrete and this at least partially during an upward movement of the mold frame for demolding the Take moldings to form a roughened surface on at least one outer side of the molding, and wherein the mold cavity (12, 13) has an upper opening (17) through which a punch (20) having a stamp plate (19) can be inserted into the mold cavity (12, 12). 13) is lowered, characterized in that the opening (17) at least partially in such a way by the to the interior of the mold cavity (12, 13) projecting organs ( 24) is limited, that the punch (18) or the stamp plate (19) when lowering into the mold cavity (12, 13) by the organs (24) is centered. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that some - in particular in an upper region of the mold walls (14, 15) arranged - organs (24) further to the interior of the mold cavity (12, 13) protrude than - in particular in a lower region of the mold walls ( 14, 15) - arranged organs (21), wherein the further to the interior of the mold cavity (12, 13) projecting members (24) the upper opening (17) of the mold cavity (12, 13) at least partially limit such that it substantially corresponds to the ground plan dimensions of the top of the mold cavity (12, 13) insertable punch plate (19) of the punch (18). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organs (21, 24) in several, preferably parallel rows are arranged one above the other, wherein the organs (21, 24) of a row are arranged spaced apart, in particular with uniform or regular intervals with each other , Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the members (21, 24) of adjacent rows are arranged offset from one another, in particular offset in relation to each other. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organs (21, 24) have a cubic shape. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arranged below a maximum level of the mold members (21) protrude substantially equally far to the interior of the mold cavity (12, 13). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organs (21, 24) on all the mold walls (14, 15) of the mold cavity (12, 13) are arranged, preferably evenly distributed over the surface thereof. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organs (24) above a maximum level of the mold are at least partially arranged continuously. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that further in the mold cavity (12, 13) at least one scraper (20) is provided, with the at least one outside of the molding concrete is strippable, to form a roughened surface during an upward movement of the mold frame during demolding of the moldings. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wiper member (20) is associated with a mold wall (14, 15) and projects with respect to this mold wall (14, 15) towards the interior of the mold cavity (12, 13). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wiper member (20) in the region of a lower free edge of the mold wall (14, 15) is arranged and extends in particular continuously along the mold wall (14, 15). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two opposite mold walls (14, 15) of a mold cavity (12, 13) Abstreiforgane (20) are arranged for the simultaneous formation of a roughened surface on corresponding opposite side surfaces of the molding. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wiper members (20) are circumferentially arranged on all of the mold walls (14, 15) of a mold cavity (12, 13) for simultaneously forming a roughened surface on all side surfaces of the molding. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wiper member (20) is part of the mold wall. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wiper member (20) protrudes farther to the interior of the mold cavity than the arranged below the maximum filling height of the mold members (21). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the demolding of the moldings by the one or more Abstreiforgane (20) entrained concrete upwards from the mold cavity (12, 13) can be eliminated. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mold walls (14, 15) are formed closed, in particular such that the mold walls (14, 15) have no recesses, openings or the like.

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