EP0715286A1 - Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of sample vehicles - Google Patents
Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of sample vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- EP0715286A1 EP0715286A1 EP95250278A EP95250278A EP0715286A1 EP 0715286 A1 EP0715286 A1 EP 0715286A1 EP 95250278 A EP95250278 A EP 95250278A EP 95250278 A EP95250278 A EP 95250278A EP 0715286 A1 EP0715286 A1 EP 0715286A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for reducing a data volume to be transmitted from vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet of vehicle data which contain information about the operating state and / or the environment of the vehicles, and position data which provide information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system included at a certain point in time after the acquisition of the vehicle and position data in an interval in the vehicle itself for the wireless transmission of the vehicle and position data to a central computer, the interval corresponding to a predetermined time period or a predetermined distance.
- a radio network such as a GSM network does not have unlimited capacity, so that the network is overloaded can.
- the central computer must use the predetermined algorithms to calculate the desired information or predictions from the received data records. The computing load of the central computer increases the greater the amount of data to be processed.
- the data records transmitted by each floating car in the fleet according to a fixed scheme at least partially contain data that is currently superfluous, which unnecessarily increases the computing load, which is especially the case when several vehicles of the sample fleet are traveling on the same road.
- the invention provides that the vehicle and position data are exchanged between at least some vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet which form an exchange group, and the prepared vehicle and position data of an exchange group are each transmitted to the central computer by a selected vehicle of this exchange group.
- the preparation can first take place in each sample vehicle and then be forwarded from the selected vehicle to the central computer, or the data is only processed by the vehicle selected for communication with the central computer.
- the method is based on the knowledge that, in the known solutions, vehicles which are spatially adjacent or drive the same road transmit a certain proportion of the same or similar data to the central computer, which is prevented by the preselection and preparation of the data made possible by the invention, so that the required computing effort is reduced.
- the filtering of redundant data significantly reduces the load on the communication network.
- a particularly simple assignment of the sample vehicles to an exchange group is achieved in that all vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet that are located in a predetermined area form an exchange group. With this prerequisite, the sample vehicles exchanging the data can, based on the position data of the information received from another vehicle, decide immediately and without any query or selection process whether it is a vehicle of their own exchange group and thus information to be taken into account.
- all immediately adjacent vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet form an exchange group. This is expedient because the likelihood that similar vehicle data is recorded is immediately high in the case of immediately adjacent vehicles.
- a further embodiment provides that all vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet that are on the same road form an exchange group. In this case too, the likelihood that similar vehicle data will be acquired is relatively high.
- the amount of data to be transmitted to the exchange group can in particular be kept low by the fact that the processed vehicle data only if this or its change exceeds a predetermined tolerance value, and the position data, regularly after a certain distance has been covered or after a predetermined period of time has been exceeded, by the vehicle of the exchange group communicating with the central computer are transmitted to the central computer.
- the vehicle data is averaged over the exchange group and only the position data of the vehicle communicating with the central computer are transmitted to the central computer with respect to the geographical position of the group, thereby further reducing the amount of data to be transmitted.
- the invention proposes to transmit position data averaged over the exchange group and an average radius of expansion of the exchange group to the central computer.
- This position data can be completed in a simple manner by additional transmission of the mean fluctuation range of the mean radius of expansion of the exchange group to the central computer.
- the vehicle and position data of the exchange group are transmitted to the central computer via a radio telephone.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the vehicles of an exchange group exchange the vehicle and position data with one another via short-range communication devices, in particular short-range transmitters and receivers. This significantly reduces the load on the radio telephone network.
- a particularly simple position detection system can be used in each of the sample vehicles if the central computer determines the current geographical position from the current data of the position detection system, insofar as this does not itself represent an explicit position.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show the course of a motorway section and several street sections. Along the course of the motorway section and the street sections, the positions of the sample vehicles at a certain point in time are shown in the form of black dots which move in the direction of the motorway and street sections.
- a vehicle in a sample fleet has sensors installed in the vehicle which continuously change state variables such as e.g. B. capture the speed, engine speed, outside temperature, humidity, etc.
- the vehicle also has sensors that detect discrete state variables, such as. B. the position of various switches (wipers, lights, fog lights, rear window heating, etc.).
- the vehicle is also equipped with devices that allow the operation of active devices (actuators) such. B. the airbag, the accident data recorder (UDS), the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the traction control system (ASR), etc. in the vehicle.
- the GPS receiver continuously generates position data at predetermined time intervals, which contains the current position (longitude, latitude, time) of the vehicle in a predetermined coordinate system (longitude, latitude).
- the data generated by the sensors and the devices for displaying the operation of the actuators form the vehicle data, from which a central computer in conjunction with the corresponding position data (including the associated time data) can calculate information or predictions about the traffic situation and the road conditions.
- FIG. 1 As can be seen in FIG. 1, several sample vehicles are grouped together, the points (vehicles) in a circle each forming an exchange group. Individual vehicles can also belong to several exchange groups.
- the sample vehicle F6 in FIG. 1 belongs to two exchange groups, for example.
- the vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet are equipped with communication devices so that several vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet can exchange their vehicle and position data with one another.
- neighboring sample vehicles each exchange their data.
- the communication devices in particular short-range transmitters and receivers, are designed so that they have only a limited range.
- a predetermined vehicle in the exchange group prepares the vehicle and position data.
- the vehicle data can be prepared, for example, in such a way that all continuously changing state variables of the sample vehicles of an exchange group are averaged and the state with the greatest frequency is determined for the discrete state variables.
- the average activity of the actuators in the vehicles of the exchange group can be recorded by adding up the number of activities and dividing them by the number of sample vehicles belonging to the exchange group. After the preparation of the vehicle data, these are transmitted to the central computer together with the position data of the predetermined vehicle communicating with the central computer. This procedure is expedient since the vehicles belonging to an exchange group are only at a relatively small spatial distance from one another and often even travel on the same road. Part of the vehicle data, for example the "airbag triggered" state, is directly, that is, without Preparation, forwarded to the central computer.
- the transmission of the vehicle and position data of the exchange group to the central computer by the predetermined vehicle is expediently carried out via a radio telephone network.
- averaging the position data of the vehicle communicating with the central computer instead of averaging the position data of the vehicle communicating with the central computer, averaging the position data of all vehicles in the exchange group, determining an average radius of expansion of the exchange group and the mean fluctuation range of the expansion radius and the exchange group position thus determined, the extent radius and its fluctuation range as position data the exchange group to the central computer.
- the road network with the sample vehicles according to FIG. 1 is divided into areas of equal size.
- all the sample vehicles are assigned to an exchange group, which are located in one of the equally large area fields a1-d3.
- the vehicles F4, F5, F9 form an exchange group in the area field b1.
- the short-range communication devices of the sample vehicles are carried out in such a way that, in addition to the vehicle data, only an identifier of the area field is transmitted, in that the vehicle which is sending out is currently located.
- the short-range receivers only let the received signals pass that have the same identifier. As a result, only the sample vehicles that are in the same area and form an exchange group communicate with each other.
- a priority number (for example the number 6 for vehicle F6 in FIG. 1 or 2) is assigned to each sample vehicle, which is sent out together with the other data.
- the processed data of an exchange group are then only transmitted to the central computer, for example, only by the vehicle with the highest priority number. Without asking the other vehicles in the exchange group, each vehicle in the group can determine whether it has to carry out the data transfer to the central computer.
- the transmitted information additionally contains the number of vehicles belonging to the exchange group.
- the data acquisition and data exchange within the exchange group is carried out in the vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet with the help of an on-board computer.
- the on-board computer is hand over the data received from the GPS system to calculate the current vehicle position. However, it is also conceivable that this data is transmitted to the central computer, which uses it to determine the current geographic position.
- all the sample vehicles which drive on the same road / highway in a predetermined area form an exchange group.
- the vehicles in the exchange group form a sample vehicle chain with variable distances.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung einer aus Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge von Fahrzeugdaten, die Informationen über den Betriebszustand und/oder die Umgebung der Fahrzeuge enthalten, und Positionsdaten, die Informationen über die Position der Fahrzeuge in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt enthalten, nach Erfassen der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten in einem Intervall im Fahrzeug selbst für die drahtlose Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an einen Zentralrechner, wobei das Intervall einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne oder einer vorgegebenen Wegstrecke entspricht.The present invention relates to a method for reducing a data volume to be transmitted from vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet of vehicle data which contain information about the operating state and / or the environment of the vehicles, and position data which provide information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system included at a certain point in time after the acquisition of the vehicle and position data in an interval in the vehicle itself for the wireless transmission of the vehicle and position data to a central computer, the interval corresponding to a predetermined time period or a predetermined distance.
Aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 195 08 486 ist es bekannt, zur Ermittlung von Verkehrslage- oder Straßenzustandsdaten eine Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu verwenden, bei der einzelne als "floating cars" bezeichnete Stichprobenfahrzeuge zum Beispiel über Funk vorbestimmte Fahrzeugdaten und dazugehörige Positionsdaten an eine Empfangsstelle eines Zentralrechners übermitteln. Mit Hilfe dieser Daten kann dann der Zentralrechner anhand vorbestimmter Algorithmen die Verkehrslage ermitteln oder zum Beispiel Rückschlüsse auf Umgebungsbedingungen wie Nässe oder Vereisung der Straße, Nebel etc. gewinnen.From unpublished DE 195 08 486 it is known to use a sample vehicle fleet for determining traffic situation or road condition data, in which individual sample vehicles referred to as "floating cars" transmit predetermined vehicle data and associated position data to a receiving point of a central computer, for example by radio. With the help of this data, the central computer can then use predetermined algorithms to determine the traffic situation or, for example, draw conclusions about environmental conditions such as wetness or icing of the road, fog, etc.
Dazu ist es zum Beispiel möglich, kontinuierlich oder in vorbestimmten Zeitabständen Datensätze, die die Positionsdaten der Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte und die entsprechenden Fahrzeugdaten aufweisen, von den Stichprobenfahrzeugen an die Empfangsstelle des Zentralrechners zu übermitteln. Ein solches System hat verschiedene Nachteile. Erstens hat ein Funknetz wie zum Beispiel ein GSM-Netz keine unbegrenzte Kapazität, so daß es zu einer Überlastung des Netzes kommen kann. Zweitens muß der Zentralrechner anhand der vorbestimmten Algorithmen aus den empfangenen Datensätzen die gewünschten Informationen oder Vorhersagen errechnen. Dabei wird die Rechenlast des Zentralrechners umso größer, je größer die zu verarbeitende Datenmenge ist. Die von jedem floating car der Flotte nach einem festen Schema übermittelten Datensätze enthalten aber zumindestens teilweise momentan überflüssige Daten, die die Rechenlast unnötig erhöhen, was u. a. insbesondere dann der Fall ist, wenn mehrere Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenflotte dieselbe Straße befahren.For this purpose, it is possible, for example, to transmit data records containing the position data of the vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet and the corresponding vehicle data continuously or at predetermined time intervals from the sample vehicles to the receiving point of the central computer. Such a system has several disadvantages. First, a radio network such as a GSM network does not have unlimited capacity, so that the network is overloaded can. Secondly, the central computer must use the predetermined algorithms to calculate the desired information or predictions from the received data records. The computing load of the central computer increases the greater the amount of data to be processed. The data records transmitted by each floating car in the fleet according to a fixed scheme, however, at least partially contain data that is currently superfluous, which unnecessarily increases the computing load, which is especially the case when several vehicles of the sample fleet are traveling on the same road.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung der aus den Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge anzugeben.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from the vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß mit den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Unteransprüche 2 bis 14 ist dieses Verfahren in vorteilhafter Weise weiter ausgestaltbar.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in
Die Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zwischen mindestens einigen Fahrzeugen der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte, die eine Austauschgruppe bilden, ausgetauscht werden und die aufbereiteten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten einer Austauschgruppe jeweils durch ein ausgewähltes Fahrzeug dieser Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner übertragen werden. Die Aufbereitung kann zunächst in jedem Stichprobenfahrzeug erfolgen und dann von dem ausgewählten Fahrzeug an den Zentralrechner weitergeleitet werden oder aber die Daten werden nur durch das für die Kommunikation mit dem Zentralrechner ausgewählte Fahrzeug aufbereitet.The invention provides that the vehicle and position data are exchanged between at least some vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet which form an exchange group, and the prepared vehicle and position data of an exchange group are each transmitted to the central computer by a selected vehicle of this exchange group. The preparation can first take place in each sample vehicle and then be forwarded from the selected vehicle to the central computer, or the data is only processed by the vehicle selected for communication with the central computer.
Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß eine Vorauswahl der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten erfolgt, so daß redundante Daten der Austauschgruppe aus dem Bestand der zu übertragenden Daten entfernt werden können. Dem Verfahren liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß räumlich benachbarte oder dieselbe Straße befahrende Fahrzeuge bei den bekannten Lösungen einen gewissen Anteil gleicher oder ähnlicher Daten an den Zentralrechner übertragen, was durch die mit der Erfindung ermöglichte Vorauswahl und Aufbereitung der Daten verhindert wird so daß der erforderliche Rechenaufwand vermindert wird. Darüberhinaus wird durch die Ausfilterung redundanter Daten eine deutliche Entlastung des Kommunikationsnetzes erzielt.This ensures that the vehicle and position data are preselected so that redundant data from the exchange group can be removed from the inventory of the data to be transmitted. The method is based on the knowledge that, in the known solutions, vehicles which are spatially adjacent or drive the same road transmit a certain proportion of the same or similar data to the central computer, which is prevented by the preselection and preparation of the data made possible by the invention, so that the required computing effort is reduced. In addition, the filtering of redundant data significantly reduces the load on the communication network.
Eine besonders einfache Zuordnung der Stichprobenfahrzeuge zu einer Austauschgruppe wird dadurch erreicht, daß jeweils alle sich in einem vorgegeben Gebiet aufhaltenden Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte eine Austauschgruppe bilden. Die die Daten austauschenden Stichprobenfahrzeuge können bei dieser Vorraussetzung anhand der Positionsdaten der von einem anderen Fahrzeug empfangenen Informationen sofort und ohne Rückfrage oder Auswahlverfahren entscheiden, ob es sich um ein Fahrzeug der eigenen Austauschgruppe und damit um zu berücksichtigende Informationen handelt.A particularly simple assignment of the sample vehicles to an exchange group is achieved in that all vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet that are located in a predetermined area form an exchange group. With this prerequisite, the sample vehicles exchanging the data can, based on the position data of the information received from another vehicle, decide immediately and without any query or selection process whether it is a vehicle of their own exchange group and thus information to be taken into account.
Bei einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, daß jeweils alle unmittelbar benachbarten Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte eine Austauschgruppe bilden. Das ist deshalb zweckmäßig, weil bei unmittelbar benachbarten Fahrzeugen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß ähnliche Fahrzeugdaten erfaßt werden, relativ groß ist.In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that all immediately adjacent vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet form an exchange group. This is expedient because the likelihood that similar vehicle data is recorded is immediately high in the case of immediately adjacent vehicles.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht andererseits vor, daß jeweils alle sich auf derselben Straße aufhaltenden Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte eine Austauschgruppe bilden. Auch in diesem Fall ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß ähnliche Fahrzeugdaten erfaßt werden, relativ groß.On the other hand, a further embodiment provides that all vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet that are on the same road form an exchange group. In this case too, the likelihood that similar vehicle data will be acquired is relatively high.
Um die Entscheidung, welches Fahrzeug die Daten der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner übermittelt, sehr einfach zu gestalten, wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten der Austauschgruppe durch ein vorbestimmtes Fahrzeug dieser Gruppe aufbereitet und an den Zentralrechner übertragen werden.In order to make the decision which vehicle transmits the data of the exchange group to the central computer very simple, it is proposed that the vehicle and position data of the exchange group be processed by a predetermined vehicle of this group and transmitted to the central computer.
Die zu übermittelnde Datenmenge der Austauschgruppe kann insbesondere dadurch gering gehalten werden, daß die aufbereiteten Fahrzeugdaten nur dann, wenn diese selbst oder ihre Veränderung einen vorgegebenen Toleranzwert überschreiten, und die Positionsdaten, regelmäßig nach Zurücklegen einer bestimmten Wegstrecke oder nach Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne, durch das mit dem Zentralrechner kommunizierende Fahrzeug der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner übermittelt werden.The amount of data to be transmitted to the exchange group can in particular be kept low by the fact that the processed vehicle data only if this or its change exceeds a predetermined tolerance value, and the position data, regularly after a certain distance has been covered or after a predetermined period of time has been exceeded, by the vehicle of the exchange group communicating with the central computer are transmitted to the central computer.
Zur Positionsangabe der Austauschgruppe ist es vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß zumindest ein Teil der Fahrzeugdaten über die Austauschgruppe gemittelt und bezüglich der geographischen Position der Gruppe nur die Positionsdaten des mit dem Zentralrechner kommunizierenden Fahrzeugs an den Zentralrechner übermittelt werden, wodurch die zu übertragende Datenmenge weiter reduziert wird.To indicate the position of the exchange group, it is preferably provided that at least part of the vehicle data is averaged over the exchange group and only the position data of the vehicle communicating with the central computer are transmitted to the central computer with respect to the geographical position of the group, thereby further reducing the amount of data to be transmitted.
Besonders bei großer räumlicher Ausdehnung der Austauschgruppe wird mit der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, über die Austauschgruppe gemittelte Positionsdaten und einen mittleren Ausdehnungsradius der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner zu übermitteln. Diese Positionsdaten können durch zusätzliche Übertragung der mittleren Schwankungsbreite des mittleren Ausdehnungsradius der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner auf einfache Weise vervollständigt werden. Um die Relevanz der an den Zentralrechner übertragenen Daten besser beurteilen zu können, ohne die Datenmenge wesentlich zu erhöhen, wird weiter vorgeschlagen, auch die Zahl der Fahrzeuge, die zur Austauschgruppe gehört, an den Zentralrechner zu übermitteln.Particularly when the exchange group has a large spatial extent, the invention proposes to transmit position data averaged over the exchange group and an average radius of expansion of the exchange group to the central computer. This position data can be completed in a simple manner by additional transmission of the mean fluctuation range of the mean radius of expansion of the exchange group to the central computer. In order to be able to better assess the relevance of the data transmitted to the central computer without significantly increasing the amount of data, it is further proposed to also transmit the number of vehicles belonging to the exchange group to the central computer.
Zeckmäßigerweise werden die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten der Austauschgruppe über ein Funktelefon an den Zentralrechner übermittelt.Appropriately, the vehicle and position data of the exchange group are transmitted to the central computer via a radio telephone.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Fahrzeuge einer Austauschgruppe die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten über Kurzstreckenkommunikationseinrichtungen, insbesondere Kurzstreckensender und -empfänger, miteinander austauschen. Damit wird eine deutliche Entlastung des Funktelefonnetzes erreicht.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the vehicles of an exchange group exchange the vehicle and position data with one another via short-range communication devices, in particular short-range transmitters and receivers. This significantly reduces the load on the radio telephone network.
Um die gerätetechnische Ausrüstung der Stichprobenfahrzeuge gering zu halten und trotzdem unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen zu genügen, ist vorgesehen, daß die Datenerfassung in den Fahrzeugen und der Datenaustausch zwischen den Fahrzeugen der Austauschgruppen durch einen Bordcomputer gesteuert wird.In order to keep the technical equipment of the sample vehicles low and still meet the most varied requirements, it is provided that the data acquisition in the vehicles and the data exchange between the vehicles of the exchange groups are controlled by an on-board computer.
Schließlich kann in den einzelnen Stichprobenfahrzeugen jeweils ein besonders einfaches Positionserkennungssystem eingesetzt werden, wenn der Zentralrechner aus den aktuellen Daten des Positionserkennungssystem, soweit diese selbst noch keine explizite Positionsangabe darstellen, die aktuelle geographische Position bestimmt.Finally, a particularly simple position detection system can be used in each of the sample vehicles if the central computer determines the current geographical position from the current data of the position detection system, insofar as this does not itself represent an explicit position.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Figuren. Von den Figuren zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch den Verlauf mehrerer Straßen und einer Autobahn und die Positionen der Stichprobenfahrzeuge (schwarze Punkte) von vier Austauschgruppen zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt und
- Fig. 2
- schematisch den Verlauf mehrerer Straßen und einer Autobahn gemäß Fig. 1, wobei der geografische Bereich zur Bildung von Austauschgruppen in gleich große Gebiete unterteilt ist.
- Fig. 1
- schematically the course of several roads and a motorway and the positions of the sample vehicles (black dots) of four exchange groups at a certain time and
- Fig. 2
- schematically the course of several roads and a highway according to FIG. 1, the geographical area being divided into areas of equal size to form exchange groups.
Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen den Verlauf einer Autobahnteilstrecke und mehrerer Straßenteilstrecken. Entlang des Verlaufs der Autobahnteilstrecke und der Straßenteilstrecken sind die Positionen der Stichprobenfahrzeuge zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in Form von schwarzen Punkten dargestellt, die sich in einer Verlaufsrichtung der Autobahn- und Straßenteilstrecken bewegen.1 and 2 show the course of a motorway section and several street sections. Along the course of the motorway section and the street sections, the positions of the sample vehicles at a certain point in time are shown in the form of black dots which move in the direction of the motorway and street sections.
Ein Fahrzeug einer Stichprobenflotte weist in dem Fahrzeug installierte Sensoren, die kontinuierlich veränderliche Zustandsgrößen wie z. B. die Geschwindigkeit, die Motordrehzahl, die Außentemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit etc. erfassen, auf. Das Fahrzeug weist weiter Sensoren auf, die diskrete Zustandsgrößen, wie z. B. die Stellung verschiedener Schalter (Scheibenwischer, Licht, Nebellicht, Heckscheibenheizung, etc.) erfassen. Das Fahrzeug ist weiterhin mit Vorrichtungen ausgestattet, die den Betrieb von aktiven Vorrichtungen (Aktoren) wie z. B. des Airbags, des Unfalldatenschreibers (UDS), des Antiblockiersystems (ABS), der Antriebsschlupfregelung (ASR), etc. in dem Fahrzeug, anzeigen. Das Fahrzeug besitzt außerdem weiter einen GPS-Empfänger (GPS gleich Global Positioning System) als Positionsbestimmungsvorrichtung. Der GPS-Empfänger erzeugt fortlaufend in vorbestimmten Zeitabständen Positionsdaten, die die momentane Position (Länge, Breite, Zeit) des Fahrzeugs in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem (Längengrade, Breitengrade) enthält. Die von den Sensoren und den Vorrichtungen zum Anzeigen des Betriebs der Aktoren erzeugten Daten bilden die Fahrzeugdaten, aus denen ein Zentralrechner in Verbindung mit den entsprechenden Positionsdaten (einschließlich der zugeordneten Zeitdaten) Informationen oder Vorhersagen über die Verkehrslage und den Straßenzustand errechnen kann.A vehicle in a sample fleet has sensors installed in the vehicle which continuously change state variables such as e.g. B. capture the speed, engine speed, outside temperature, humidity, etc. The vehicle also has sensors that detect discrete state variables, such as. B. the position of various switches (wipers, lights, fog lights, rear window heating, etc.). The vehicle is also equipped with devices that allow the operation of active devices (actuators) such. B. the airbag, the accident data recorder (UDS), the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the traction control system (ASR), etc. in the vehicle. The vehicle also has a GPS receiver (GPS = Global Positioning System) as a positioning device. The GPS receiver continuously generates position data at predetermined time intervals, which contains the current position (longitude, latitude, time) of the vehicle in a predetermined coordinate system (longitude, latitude). The data generated by the sensors and the devices for displaying the operation of the actuators form the vehicle data, from which a central computer in conjunction with the corresponding position data (including the associated time data) can calculate information or predictions about the traffic situation and the road conditions.
Die Gesamtheit aller Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten nur für die in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Autobahn- und Straßenteilstücke würde bereits eine sehr große zum Beispiel durch ein GSM-Netz zu übertragende und von dem Zentralrechner zu verarbeitende Datenmenge bedeuten.The entirety of all vehicle and position data only for the freeway and road sections shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 would already mean a very large amount of data to be transmitted, for example, by a GSM network and to be processed by the central computer.
Wie Fig. 1 erkennen läßt, sind jeweils mehrere Stichprobenfahrzeuge zu Gruppen zusammengefaßt, wobei die in einem Kreis liegenden Punkte (Fahrzeuge) jeweils eine Austauschgruppe bilden. Dabei können einzelne Fahrzeuge auch mehreren Austauschgruppen angehören. Das Stichprobenfahrzeug F6 in Fig. 1 gehört beispielsweise zwei Austauschgruppen an.As can be seen in FIG. 1, several sample vehicles are grouped together, the points (vehicles) in a circle each forming an exchange group. Individual vehicles can also belong to several exchange groups. The sample vehicle F6 in FIG. 1 belongs to two exchange groups, for example.
Zur Reduzierung der an den Zentralrechner zu übertragenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten sind die Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte mit Kommunikationseinrichtungen ausgerüstet, so daß jeweils mehrere Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte ihre Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten untereinander austauschen können. In dem in Fig. 1 skizzierten Fall tauschen jeweils benachbarte Stichprobenfahrzeuge ihre Daten aus. Die Kommunikationseinrichtungen, insbesondere Kurzstreckensender und -empfänger, sind so ausgeführt, daß sie nur begrenzte Reichweite haben. Ein jeweils vorbestimmtes Fahrzeug der Austauschgruppe bereitet die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten auf. Die Aufbereitung der Fahrzeugdaten kann zum Beispiel so erfolgen, daß alle kontinuierlich veränderlichen Zustandsgrößen der Stichprobenfahrzeuge einer Austauschgruppe gemittelt werden und für die diskreten Zustandsgrößen der Zustand mit der größten Häufigkeit ermittelt wird. Die mittlere Aktivität der Aktoren in den Fahrzeugen der Austauschgruppe kann dadurch erfaßt werden, daß die Zahl der Aktivitäten aufsummiert und durch die Zahl der zur Austauschgruppe gehörenden Stichprobenfahrzeuge dividiert wird. Nach Aufbereitung der Fahrzeugdaten werden diese zusammen mit den Positionsdaten des mit dem Zentralrechner kommunizierenden, vorbestimmten Fahrzeugs an den Zentralrechner übermittelt. Diese Vorgehensweise ist zweckmäßig, da die einer Austauschgruppe angehörenden Fahrzeuge nur einen relativ geringen räumlichen Abstand voneinander haben und oft sogar dieselbe Straße befahren. Ein Teil der Fahrzeugdaten, beispielsweise der Zustand "Airbag ausgelöst", wird direkt, also ohne Aufbereitung, an den Zentralrechner weitergeleitet. Die Übermittlung der Fahrzeug-und Positionsdaten der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner durch das vorbestimmte Fahrzeug erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise über ein Funktelefonnetz. Alternativ ist es möglich, statt der Positionsdaten des mit dem Zentralrechner kommunizierenden Fahrzeugs, die Positionsdaten aller Fahrzeuge der Austauschgruppe zu mitteln, einen mittleren Ausdehnungsradius der Austauschgruppe und die mittlere Schwankungsbreite des Ausdehnungsradius zu bestimmen und die so bestimmte Austauschgruppenposition, den Ausdehnungsradius und dessen Schwankungsbreite als Positionsdaten der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner zu übermitteln.To reduce the vehicle and position data to be transmitted to the central computer, the vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet are equipped with communication devices so that several vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet can exchange their vehicle and position data with one another. In the case outlined in FIG. 1, neighboring sample vehicles each exchange their data. The communication devices, in particular short-range transmitters and receivers, are designed so that they have only a limited range. A predetermined vehicle in the exchange group prepares the vehicle and position data. The vehicle data can be prepared, for example, in such a way that all continuously changing state variables of the sample vehicles of an exchange group are averaged and the state with the greatest frequency is determined for the discrete state variables. The average activity of the actuators in the vehicles of the exchange group can be recorded by adding up the number of activities and dividing them by the number of sample vehicles belonging to the exchange group. After the preparation of the vehicle data, these are transmitted to the central computer together with the position data of the predetermined vehicle communicating with the central computer. This procedure is expedient since the vehicles belonging to an exchange group are only at a relatively small spatial distance from one another and often even travel on the same road. Part of the vehicle data, for example the "airbag triggered" state, is directly, that is, without Preparation, forwarded to the central computer. The transmission of the vehicle and position data of the exchange group to the central computer by the predetermined vehicle is expediently carried out via a radio telephone network. Alternatively, instead of averaging the position data of the vehicle communicating with the central computer, averaging the position data of all vehicles in the exchange group, determining an average radius of expansion of the exchange group and the mean fluctuation range of the expansion radius and the exchange group position thus determined, the extent radius and its fluctuation range as position data the exchange group to the central computer.
Zusätzlich ist es sinnvoll, für die einzelnen Fahrzeugdaten Toleranzwerte vorzugeben und die Daten der Austauschgruppe nur dann an den Zentralrechner zu übermitteln, wenn ein Teil der Fahrzeugdaten die vorgegebenen Toleranzwerte überschreitet. Um den Zentralrechner aber über die Bewegung der Austauschgruppe zu unterrichten, werden nur die Positionsdaten regelmäßig nach Zurücklegen einer bestimmten Wegstrecke durch die Austauschgruppe und/oder spätestens nach Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne übermittelt. Dadurch wird einerseits eine deutliche Reduzierung der zu übertragenden Datenmenge erzielt, andererseits ist der Zentralrechner trotzdem über Position und Bewegung der stichprobenartig die Verkehrslage und/oder den Straßenzustand erfassenden Austauschgruppen informiert. Der Zentralrechner kann die Gesamtbewegung der Austauschgruppen verfolgen, ohne Auswertungen unnötig übertragener Daten vornehmen zu müssen.In addition, it makes sense to specify tolerance values for the individual vehicle data and to only transmit the data from the exchange group to the central computer if part of the vehicle data exceeds the specified tolerance values. However, in order to inform the central computer of the movement of the exchange group, only the position data are transmitted regularly after the exchange group has covered a certain distance and / or at the latest after a predetermined period of time has been exceeded. On the one hand, this results in a significant reduction in the amount of data to be transmitted, and on the other hand, the central computer is nevertheless informed about the position and movement of the exchange groups which randomly record the traffic situation and / or the state of the road. The central computer can track the overall movement of the exchange groups without having to carry out evaluations of unnecessarily transmitted data.
In Fig. 2 ist das Straßennetz mit den Stichprobenfahrzeugen gemäß Fig. 1 in gleich große Gebiete aufgeteilt. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind alle die Stichprobenfahrzeuge einer Austauschgruppe zugeordnet, die sich in einem der gleich großen Gebietsfelder a1-d3 befinden. So bilden im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2 die Fahrzeuge F4, F5, F9 im Gebietsfeld b1 eine Austauschgruppe. Die Kurzstreckenkommunikationseinrichtungen der Stichprobenfahrzeuge wird so durchgeführt, daß neben den Fahrzeugdaten nur eine Kennung des Gebietsfeldes ausgesendet wird, indem sich das aussende Fahrzeug gerade befindet. Die Kurzstreckenempfänger lassen nur die Empfangssignale passieren, die dieselbe Kennung aufweisen. Demzufolge kommunizieren nur noch die Stichprobenfahrzeuge miteinander, die sich in demselben Gebiet aufhalten und eine Austauschgruppe bilden.In FIG. 2 the road network with the sample vehicles according to FIG. 1 is divided into areas of equal size. In this embodiment of the invention, all the sample vehicles are assigned to an exchange group, which are located in one of the equally large area fields a1-d3. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the vehicles F4, F5, F9 form an exchange group in the area field b1. The short-range communication devices of the sample vehicles are carried out in such a way that, in addition to the vehicle data, only an identifier of the area field is transmitted, in that the vehicle which is sending out is currently located. The short-range receivers only let the received signals pass that have the same identifier. As a result, only the sample vehicles that are in the same area and form an exchange group communicate with each other.
Zur Auswahl des Fahrzeuges, das die Daten zum Zentralrechner überträgt, ist jedem Stichprobenfahrzeug eine Prioritätszahl (beispeilsweise die Zahl 6 bei Fahrzeug F6 in Fig. 1 oder 2) zugeordnet, welche zusammen mit den anderen Daten ausgesendet wird. Die aufbereiteten Daten einer Austauschgruppe werden anschließend beispielsweise nur durch das Fahrzeug mit der größten Prioritätszahl an den Zentralrechner übertragen. Ohne Rückfragen an die anderen Fahrzeuge der Austauschgruppe kann jedes Fahrzeug der Gruppe selbst feststellen, ob es die Datenübertragung an den Zentralrechner durchzuführen hat. Um dem Zentralrechner die Relevanz der übertragenen Daten mitzuteilen, enthält die übermittelte Information zusätzlich die Zahl der Fahrzeuge, die zur Austauschgruppe gehören. Die Datenerfassung und der Datenaustausch innerhalb der Austauschgruppe wird in den Fahrzeugen der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte mit Hilfe eines Bordcomputers ausgeführt. Über ein Bussystem werden dem Bordcomputer u.a. die vom GPS-System empfangenen Daten zur Berechnung der aktuellen Fahrzeugposition übergeben. Es ist aber auch denkbar, daß diese Daten an den Zentralrechner übermittelt werden, der daraus die aktuelle geografische Position bestimmt.To select the vehicle that transmits the data to the central computer, a priority number (for example the number 6 for vehicle F6 in FIG. 1 or 2) is assigned to each sample vehicle, which is sent out together with the other data. The processed data of an exchange group are then only transmitted to the central computer, for example, only by the vehicle with the highest priority number. Without asking the other vehicles in the exchange group, each vehicle in the group can determine whether it has to carry out the data transfer to the central computer. In order to inform the central computer of the relevance of the transmitted data, the transmitted information additionally contains the number of vehicles belonging to the exchange group. The data acquisition and data exchange within the exchange group is carried out in the vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet with the help of an on-board computer. The on-board computer is hand over the data received from the GPS system to calculate the current vehicle position. However, it is also conceivable that this data is transmitted to the central computer, which uses it to determine the current geographic position.
Bei einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, daß alle Stichprobenfahrzeuge, die dieselbe Straße/Autobahn in einem vorgegebenen Gebiet befahren, eine Austauschgruppe bilden. Die Fahrzeuge der Austauschgruppe bilden dabei eine Stichprobenfahrzeugkette mit variablem Abstand. Zweckmäßigerweise führt das abstandsmäßig in der Mitte der Kette positionierte Fahrzeug die Datenkommunikation mit dem Zentralrechner durch. Das hat den Vorteil, daß die von den Kurzstreckenkommunikationseinrichtungen zu überbrückende Entfernung bezogen auf die Länge der Stichprobenfahrzeugkette und die Verteilung der Stichprobenfahrzeuge am kleinsten ist.In a third embodiment of the invention, it is provided that all the sample vehicles which drive on the same road / highway in a predetermined area form an exchange group. The vehicles in the exchange group form a sample vehicle chain with variable distances. The vehicle, which is positioned at a distance in the middle of the chain, expediently carries out the data communication with the central computer. This has the advantage that the distance to be covered by the short-range communication devices is the smallest in relation to the length of the sample vehicle chain and the distribution of the sample vehicles.
Claims (14)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zwischen mindestens einigen Fahrzeugen der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte, die eine Austauschgruppe bilden, ausgetauscht und aufbereitet werden und die aufbereiteten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten einer Austauschgruppe jeweils durch ein ausgewähltes Fahrzeug dieser Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner übertragen werden.Method for reducing a quantity of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet of vehicle data which contain information about the operating state and / or the environment of the vehicles and position data which contain information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system at a specific point in time after detection the resulting vehicle and position data in an interval in the vehicle itself for the wireless transmission of the vehicle and position data to a central computer, the interval corresponding to a predetermined time period or a predetermined distance,
characterized,
that the vehicle and position data are exchanged and processed between at least some vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet which form an exchange group, and the processed vehicle and position data of an exchange group are each transmitted to the central computer by a selected vehicle of this exchange group.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jeweils alle sich in einem vorgegeben Gebiet aufhaltenden Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte eine Austauschgruppe bilden.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that all vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet that are in a given area form an exchange group.
daß jeweils alle unmittelbar benachbarten Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte eine Austauschgruppe bilden.Method according to claim 1,
that all immediately adjacent vehicles in the sample vehicle fleet form an exchange group.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jeweils alle sich auf derselben Straße aufhaltenden Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte eine Austauschgruppe bilden.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that all vehicles in the sample vehicle fleet that are on the same road form an exchange group.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten der Austauschgruppe durch ein
vorbestimmtes Fahrzeug dieser Gruppe aufbereitet und an den Zentralrechner übertragen werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the vehicle and position data of the exchange group by a
predetermined vehicle of this group processed and transmitted to the central computer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die aufbereiteten Fahrzeugdaten, wenn diese selbst oder ihre Veränderung einen vorgegebenen Toleranzwert überschreiten, und die Positionsdaten regelmäßig nach Zurücklegen einer bestimmten Wegstrecke oder nach Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne durch das mit dem Zentralrechner kommunizierende Fahrzeug der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner übermittelt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the processed vehicle data, if these themselves or their change exceed a predetermined tolerance value, and the position data are regularly transmitted to the central computer after the vehicle communicates with the central computer and after a certain distance has been covered or after a predetermined period of time has been exceeded.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zumindest ein Teil der Fahrzeugdaten über die Austauschgruppe gemittelt und zusammen mit den Positionsdaten des mit dem Zentralrechner kommunizierenden Fahrzeugs an den Zentralrechner übermittelt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that at least part of the vehicle data is averaged over the exchange group and transmitted to the central computer together with the position data of the vehicle communicating with the central computer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß über die Austauschgruppe gemittelte Positionsdaten und ein mittlerer Ausdehnungsradius der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner übermittelt werden.Method according to claim 7,
characterized,
position data averaged over the exchange group and an average radius of expansion of the exchange group are transmitted to the central computer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die mittlere Schwankungsbreite des mittleren Ausdehnungsradius der Austauschgruppe an den Zentralrechner übermittelt wird.A method according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the mean fluctuation range of the mean radius of expansion of the exchange group is transmitted to the central computer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zahl der Fahrzeuge, die zur Austauschgruppe gehört, an den Zentralrechner übermittelt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that the number of vehicles belonging to the exchange group is transmitted to the central computer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Fahrzeuge einer Austauschgruppe die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten über Kurzstreckenkommunikationseinrichtungen, insbesondere Kurzstreckensender und -empfänger, miteinander austauschen.Method according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that the vehicles of an exchange group exchange the vehicle and position data with one another via short-range communication devices, in particular short-range transmitters and receivers.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten der Austauschgruppe über ein Funktelefon an den Zentralrechner übermittelt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized,
that the vehicle and position data of the exchange group are transmitted to the central computer via a radio telephone.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Datenerfassung in den Fahrzeugen und der Datenaustausch zwischen den Fahrzeugen der Austauschgruppen durch einen Bordcomputer gesteuert wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized,
that the data acquisition in the vehicles and the data exchange between the vehicles of the exchange groups is controlled by an on-board computer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Zentralrechner aus den Positionsdaten der aktuellen geographischen Position, wenn diese selbst noch keine explizite Positionsangabe darstellen, die aktuelle geographische Position bestimmt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 13,
characterized,
that the central computer determines the current geographical position from the position data of the current geographical position, if this does not itself represent an explicit position specification.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4444389 | 1994-11-28 | ||
| DE4444389 | 1994-11-28 | ||
| DE19517309 | 1995-05-03 | ||
| DE19517309A DE19517309C2 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1995-05-03 | Method for reducing the amount of data to be transferred from the vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0715286A1 true EP0715286A1 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
| EP0715286B1 EP0715286B1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
Family
ID=25942818
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95250278A Expired - Lifetime EP0715286B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1995-11-16 | Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of sample vehicles |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0715286B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE175514T1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2126210T3 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2126210T3 (en) | 1999-03-16 |
| ATE175514T1 (en) | 1999-01-15 |
| EP0715286B1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
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