EP0710508A1 - Process for making coatings having three dimensional optical effects - Google Patents

Process for making coatings having three dimensional optical effects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0710508A1
EP0710508A1 EP95116928A EP95116928A EP0710508A1 EP 0710508 A1 EP0710508 A1 EP 0710508A1 EP 95116928 A EP95116928 A EP 95116928A EP 95116928 A EP95116928 A EP 95116928A EP 0710508 A1 EP0710508 A1 EP 0710508A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
transfer medium
magnetic
configuration
electromagnet
process according
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EP95116928A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Jürgen Dr. Richter
Ekkehard Dr. Schwab
Raimund Dr. Schmid
Norbert Dr. Mronga
Werner Dr. Ostertag
Helmut Schmidt
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/20—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by magnetic fields
    • B05D3/207—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by magnetic fields post-treatment by magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/061—Special surface effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F7/00—Designs imitating three-dimensional effects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new process for producing coatings having three-dimensional optical effects by aligning magnetically orientable, platelet-shaped pigments.
  • Prints or varnishes that show three-dimensional optical characteristics are not only suitable for decorative purposes, but are also of particular interest for the production of counterfeit-proof materials, in particular for security printing, since they cannot be photocopied and therefore can be easily distinguished from the original and enable counterfeiting.
  • Such three-dimensional optical effects can advantageously be generated by aligning magnetic, platelet-shaped pigments in the still liquid application medium under the influence of a magnetic field and fixed by subsequent curing of the application medium.
  • DE-A-39 38 055 discloses various methods for producing three-dimensional patterns by orienting magnetizable, platelet-shaped pigments, in particular mica and aluminum platelets, which are coated with a magnetic layer or are mixed with magnetic material.
  • One of these methods is that the desired pattern is applied to a mumetal foil by punching or cutting, the layer to be aligned is placed on this foil and a magnetic field of a suitable size is generated under the foil, whereby the magnetic pigment particles should be aligned according to the desired pattern.
  • the disadvantage here is that an optimal, ie complete, field configuration of the magnetic particles is not achieved via the mumetal foil and that a new mummetal foil has to be prepared for each pattern.
  • a lettering is written directly into a moist print by moving a permanent magnet along it.
  • a certain exposure time of the magnetic field i.e. a slow movement of the magnet is necessary, which is why the layer has partially dried before the "writing" process has ended.
  • a third method combines magnetic field treatment with UV light treatment to harden the layer.
  • the moist layer is exposed through a photomask, then the pigment particles in the still moist areas are magnetically aligned, and then the entire layer is cured by UV light.
  • the object of the invention was to remedy the deficiencies mentioned and to provide a practical alignment method.
  • Plastic films in which hard magnetic particles are incorporated are particularly suitable as a magnetizing sheet-like transfer medium for the method according to the invention, but other sheet-like magnetic designs could also be used.
  • the plastic films can be placed on a thin support, e.g. an adhesive film, be applied, but preferably it is carrier-free materials, especially magnetic films or magnetic adhesive films or magnetic tapes, as are generally available commercially.
  • the thickness of these materials is usually 0.1 to 5 mm.
  • the hard magnetic particles contained in the plastic films can consist, for example, of the following hard magnetic materials:
  • Hard ferrites such as barium and strontium ferrite; Rare earth alloys such as samarium / cobalt alloys; the AlNiCo group; Metal oxides used for magnetic information storage such as cobalt-containing ⁇ -iron (III) oxide, chromium dioxide or pure iron particles.
  • Typical dimensions of the hard magnetic particles are generally from a few 10 ⁇ m down to 10 to 20 nm.
  • the production of the magnetic particles can be carried out in the usual way, e.g. by sintering or rapid quenching and subsequent comminution.
  • the magnetic properties of the transfer medium do not have to meet any special requirements, but materials with high saturation magnetization are generally advantageous. It is also advantageous if the coercive field strength is approximately the same as the magnetization of the entire transfer medium, but this is not a requirement.
  • the thickness of the transfer medium preferably corresponds to 0.3 to 3 times the resolution desired in the finished effect coating.
  • the desired three-dimensional optical effects are transferred via the magnetic field of the previously configured transfer medium to the magnetically orientable platelet-shaped pigments in the still moist coating (e.g. printing or painting).
  • the subsequent configuration of the transfer medium i.e.
  • the targeted remagnetization of the partial magnets, for writing in the desired information or the three-dimensional pattern, can be particularly advantageous by relative movement of the transfer medium either to (between) the pole pieces of a two-sided electromagnet or to the pole piece of a one-sided pole shoe equipped on one side only, pin-like electromagnets.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 Preferred configurations of the two-sided and the one-sided embodiment are shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows the preferred vertical arrangement of the movable transfer medium (T) in the gap of an electromagnet equipped with pole shoes (P) on both sides.
  • FIG. 2 shows the preferred vertical arrangement of the transfer medium (T), which in turn is movable, to the pole shoe (P) of the one-sided, pin-like electromagnet.
  • T transfer medium
  • P pole shoe
  • W soft magnetic plate
  • the coils (S) can be oriented at other points in the magnetic circuit or can be completely or partially replaced by permanent magnets.
  • the diameter in the pole shoe tip depends on the desired spatial resolution in the effect coating and is usually about 0.3 to 3 times this resolution.
  • the field strength in the gap of the two-sided electromagnet or the field strength in front of the pole of the one-sided electromagnet (pin) preferably corresponds to the coercive field strength of the transfer medium.
  • the two-sided design of the electromagnet usually results in a better resolution of the inscribed three-dimensional pattern.
  • the one-sided, pen-like design is easier to handle.
  • one or the other version will be preferred.
  • the configured transfer medium is made possible completely and evenly with the still wet coating (printing or painting), in which the pigment particles are still mobile.
  • the coated material is preferably simply placed on the transfer medium.
  • all magnetically orientable, platelet-shaped pigments can be easily and specifically aligned.
  • examples include the ferromagnetic metal platelets listed in US Pat. No. 2,570,856 and the mica and aluminum platelets listed in DE-A-39 38 055, which are coated with magnetite, and those in DE-A-43 13 541 and the unpublished DE-A-43 40 141 aluminum platelets described, which with an inner iron, cobalt, nickel or ⁇ -iron (III) oxide (maghemite) containing layer, another non-ferromagnetic metal oxide layer and / or an outer passivating phosphate, chromate - and / or a layer containing vanadium are occupied.
  • A iron, cobalt, nickel, magnetite and / or ⁇ -Fe2O3,
  • B silicon oxide and / or aluminum oxide
  • C Have metal and / or non-selectively absorbing metal oxide.
  • the exposure times for aligning the pigment particles are only 1 to 100 seconds, regardless of the complexity of the pattern.
  • the subsequent drying process after which the pigment particles and hence the three-dimensional optical effects are fixed, can be accelerated by additional UV radiation.
  • three-dimensional optical effects can advantageously be achieved by simply adapting the method parameters (pole shoe diameter and field strength of the magnet, contact time, thickness and coercive field strength of the transfer medium) safely and with the desired (good) resolution, ie with the desired contrast and the desired strength.
  • magnetically orientable coatings containing platelet-shaped pigments, such as prints or coatings in magnetically orientable coatings containing platelet-shaped pigments, such as prints or coatings.
  • the present method is characterized by its low time requirement (short registration times and short transmission times), the reusability of the transfer medium, which can be magnetized uniformly at any time with the help of a strong permanent magnet and is then available again for further enrollment processes, and the possibility of automation by computer control, particularly due to its economy.
  • a commercially available 1 mm thick barium ferrite-containing magnetic adhesive film (from IBS, Berlin) was repeated after complete magnetization with a strong permanent magnet (Nd2Fe14B) while moving at a speed of about 1 cm / sec using an electromagnet equipped with pole shoes on both sides ( Pole shoe spacing about 1 mm, 2 coils with 480 turns each) described with a zigzag pattern.
  • the pole shoe diameter and current were varied as indicated in the table.
  • a still moist screen print was then placed on the magnetic film described for 60 seconds.
  • the screen prints used for this were each made by printing (49 screen) a screen printing ink, the 20 g magnetizable pigment (Example 1 of DE-A-43 13 541) in 80 g of a commercially available binder solution (copolymer based on vinyl chloride and vinyl isobutyl ether ⁇ Laroflex® MP45 / acetate / aliphates) applied to paper or foil.
  • a commercially available binder solution copolymer based on vinyl chloride and vinyl isobutyl ether ⁇ Laroflex® MP45 / acetate / aliphates
  • the zigzag pattern was clearly visible in the dried print in all cases and could not be copied unchanged.

Abstract

The method involves pigments in the coating, which is still liquid, being aligned through the magnetic field of a previously magnetically configured flat transfer medium. This may consist of a plastics film, containing hard magnetic particles, which is applied to an additional carrier. The medium may be a magnetic film or tape. Magnetic configuration of the transfer medium, after its uniform magnetization, can be carried out by using a pen-shaped, one-sided, electric magnet and a soft magnetic base. For configuration, the transfer medium may be located at right angles to the pole shoes.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensionale optische Effekte aufweisenden Beschichtungen durch Ausrichtung magnetisch orientierbarer, plättchenförmiger Pigmente.The present invention relates to a new process for producing coatings having three-dimensional optical effects by aligning magnetically orientable, platelet-shaped pigments.

Drucke oder Lackierungen, die dreidimensionale optische Merkmale zeigen, eignen sich nicht nur für dekorative Zwecke, sondern sind vor allem auch von Interesse für die Herstellung fälschungssicherer Materialien, also insbesondere für den Sicherheitsdruck, da sie nicht photokopiert werden können und daher eine leichte Unterscheidung von Original und Fälschung ermöglichen.Prints or varnishes that show three-dimensional optical characteristics are not only suitable for decorative purposes, but are also of particular interest for the production of counterfeit-proof materials, in particular for security printing, since they cannot be photocopied and therefore can be easily distinguished from the original and enable counterfeiting.

Derartige dreidimensionale optische Effekte können vorteilhaft durch Ausrichtung magnetischer, plättchenförmiger Pigmente im noch flüssigen Anwendungsmedium durch den Einfluß eines Magnetfeldes erzeugt und durch anschließende Aushärtung des Anwendungsmediums fixiert werden.Such three-dimensional optical effects can advantageously be generated by aligning magnetic, platelet-shaped pigments in the still liquid application medium under the influence of a magnetic field and fixed by subsequent curing of the application medium.

In der US-A-2 570 856 wird bereits die magnetische Ausrichtung ferromagnetischer Metallpigmente beschrieben, jedoch wird hier kein praktikables Verfahren zur gezielten Herstellung dreidimensionaler Effekte offenbart.The magnetic alignment of ferromagnetic metal pigments has already been described in US Pat. No. 2,570,856, but no practical method for the targeted production of three-dimensional effects is disclosed here.

Aus der DE-A-39 38 055 sind verschiedene Methoden zur Erzeugung dreidimensionaler Muster durch Orientierung von magnetisierbaren, plättchenförmigen Pigmenten, insbesondere von Glimmer- und Aluminiumplättchen, die mit einer magnetischen Schicht belegt sind oder mit magnetischem Material vermischt werden, bekannt.DE-A-39 38 055 discloses various methods for producing three-dimensional patterns by orienting magnetizable, platelet-shaped pigments, in particular mica and aluminum platelets, which are coated with a magnetic layer or are mixed with magnetic material.

Eine dieser Methoden besteht darin, daß man durch Stanzen oder Ausschneiden das gewünschte Muster auf eine Mumetallfolie aufbringt, auf diese Folie die auszurichtende Schicht legt und unter der Folie ein Magnetfeld geeigneter Größe erzeugt, wodurch eine Ausrichtung der magnetischen Pigmentteilchen entsprechend dem gewünschten Muster stattfinden soll. Nachteilig ist hierbei aber, daß über die Mumetallfolie keine optimale, d.h. vollständige, Feldkonfiguration der Magnetpartikel erreicht wird und daß für jedes Muster eine neue Mumetallfolie präpariert werden muß.One of these methods is that the desired pattern is applied to a mumetal foil by punching or cutting, the layer to be aligned is placed on this foil and a magnetic field of a suitable size is generated under the foil, whereby the magnetic pigment particles should be aligned according to the desired pattern. The disadvantage here, however, is that an optimal, ie complete, field configuration of the magnetic particles is not achieved via the mumetal foil and that a new mummetal foil has to be prepared for each pattern.

Nach einer zweiten Methode wird ein Schriftzug direkt durch Entlangfahren eines Permanentmagneten in einen feuchten Druck eingeschrieben. Zur bleibenden Ausrichtung der Pigmentteilchen ist jedoch eine gewisse Einwirkzeit des Magnetfeldes, d.h. eine langsame Bewegung des Magneten, erforderlich, weshalb die Schicht teilweise schon vor der Beendigung des "Schreib"vorgangs angetrocknet ist.According to a second method, a lettering is written directly into a moist print by moving a permanent magnet along it. For the permanent alignment of the pigment particles, however, a certain exposure time of the magnetic field, i.e. a slow movement of the magnet is necessary, which is why the layer has partially dried before the "writing" process has ended.

Bei einer dritten Methode wird eine Magnetfeldbehandlung mit einer UV-Lichtbehandlung zur Aushärtung der Schicht kombiniert. Bei dieser komplizierten Variante wird die feuchte Schicht über eine Photomaske belichtet, dann werden die Pigmentteilchen in den noch feuchten Bereichen magnetisch ausgerichtet, und anschließend wird die ganze Schicht durch UV-Licht ausgehärtet.A third method combines magnetic field treatment with UV light treatment to harden the layer. In this complicated variant, the moist layer is exposed through a photomask, then the pigment particles in the still moist areas are magnetically aligned, and then the entire layer is cured by UV light.

Der Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, den genannten Mängeln abzuhelfen und ein praktikables Ausrichtverfahren bereitzustellen.The object of the invention was to remedy the deficiencies mentioned and to provide a practical alignment method.

Demgemäß wurde ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensionale optische Effekte aufweisenden Beschichtungen durch Ausrichtung magnetisch orientierbarer, plättchenförmiger Pigmente gefunden, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man die Pigmente in der noch flüssigen Beschichtung durch das Magnetfeld eines zuvor magnetisch konfigurierten flächenförmigen Transfermediums ausrichtet.Accordingly, a process for the production of coatings having three-dimensional optical effects by aligning magnetically orientable, platelet-shaped pigments has been found, which is characterized in that the pigments in the still liquid coating are aligned by the magnetic field of a previously magnetically configured sheet-like transfer medium.

Als magnetisierendes flächenförmiges Transfermedium eignen sich für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren insbesondere Kunststoffilme, in die hartmagnetische Teilchen eingearbeitet sind, es könnten jedoch auch andere flächenförmige Magnetbauformen verwenden werden.Plastic films in which hard magnetic particles are incorporated are particularly suitable as a magnetizing sheet-like transfer medium for the method according to the invention, but other sheet-like magnetic designs could also be used.

Die Kunststoffilme können auf einen dünnen Träger, z.B. eine Klebefolie, aufgebracht sein, vorzugsweise handelt es sich jedoch um trägerfreie Materialien, vor allem Magnetfolien bzw. Magnethaftfolien oder Magnetbänder, wie sie allgemein im Handel erhältlich sind. Die Dicke dieser Materialien beträgt in der Regel 0,1 bis 5 mm.The plastic films can be placed on a thin support, e.g. an adhesive film, be applied, but preferably it is carrier-free materials, especially magnetic films or magnetic adhesive films or magnetic tapes, as are generally available commercially. The thickness of these materials is usually 0.1 to 5 mm.

Die in den Kunststoffilmen enthaltenen hartmagnetischen Teilchen können beispielsweise aus den folgenden hartmagnetischen Werkstoffen bestehen:The hard magnetic particles contained in the plastic films can consist, for example, of the following hard magnetic materials:

Hartferriten wie Barium- und Strontiumferrit; Seltenerdlegierungen wie Samarium/Cobalt-Legierungen; der AlNiCo-Gruppe; Metalloxiden, die für die magnetische Informationsspeicherung verwendet werden, wie Cobalt enthaltendem γ-Eisen(III)oxid, Chromdioxid oder Reineisenteilchen.Hard ferrites such as barium and strontium ferrite; Rare earth alloys such as samarium / cobalt alloys; the AlNiCo group; Metal oxides used for magnetic information storage such as cobalt-containing γ-iron (III) oxide, chromium dioxide or pure iron particles.

Typische Abmessungen der hartmagnetischen Teilchen betragen im allgemeinen einige 10 µm bis herab zu 10 bis 20 nm.Typical dimensions of the hard magnetic particles are generally from a few 10 μm down to 10 to 20 nm.

Die Herstellung der Magnetteilchen kann in üblicher Weise, z.B. durch Sintern oder Schnellabschrecken und anschließende Zerkleinerung, erfolgen.The production of the magnetic particles can be carried out in the usual way, e.g. by sintering or rapid quenching and subsequent comminution.

Die magnetischen Eigenschaften des Transfermediums müssen keinen besonderen Anforderungen genügen, jedoch sind Materialien mit hoher Sättigungsmagnetisierung generell vorteilhaft. Weiterhin ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Koerzitivfeldstärke etwa genauso groß ist wie die Magnetisierung des gesamten Transfermediums, dies ist aber nicht Bedingung.The magnetic properties of the transfer medium do not have to meet any special requirements, but materials with high saturation magnetization are generally advantageous. It is also advantageous if the coercive field strength is approximately the same as the magnetization of the entire transfer medium, but this is not a requirement.

Die Dicke des Transfermediums entspricht vorzugsweise dem 0,3 bis 3fachen der in der fertigen Effektbeschichtung gewünschten Auflösung.The thickness of the transfer medium preferably corresponds to 0.3 to 3 times the resolution desired in the finished effect coating.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die gewünschten dreidimensionalen optischen Effekte über das Magnetfeld des zuvor entsprechend konfigurierten Transfermediums auf die magnetisch orientierbaren plättchenförmigen Pigmente in der noch feuchten Beschichtung (z.B. Druck oder Lackierung) übertragen.In the method according to the invention, the desired three-dimensional optical effects are transferred via the magnetic field of the previously configured transfer medium to the magnetically orientable platelet-shaped pigments in the still moist coating (e.g. printing or painting).

Hierbei empfiehlt es sich, das Transfermedium zunächst einheitlich zu magnetisieren, d.h. alle Magnetteilchen des Transfermediums einheitlich (bevorzugt senkrecht zur Oberfläche des Transfermediums) auszurichten, und so bereits vorhandene Magnetisierungsmuster zu entfernen. Dies geschieht zweckmäßig mit Hilfe eines starken, großflächigen Dauermagneten, z.B. auf der Basis von Neodym/Eisen/Bor-Legierungen wie Nd₂Fe₁₄B.It is advisable to first magnetize the transfer medium uniformly, i.e. Align all magnetic particles of the transfer medium uniformly (preferably perpendicular to the surface of the transfer medium), and thus remove existing magnetization patterns. This is conveniently done with the help of a strong, large-area permanent magnet, e.g. based on neodymium / iron / boron alloys such as Nd₂Fe₁₄B.

Die anschließende Konfigurierung des Transfermediums, d.h. die gezielte Ummagnetisierung der Teilmagnete, zum Einschreiben der gewünschten Information bzw. des dreidimensionalen Musters, kann besonders vorteilhaft durch Relativbewegung des Transfermediums entweder zu (zwischen) den Polschuhen eines zweiseitigen Elektromagneten oder zu dem Polschuh eines einseitigen, nur an einer Seite mit einem Polschuh ausgerüsteten, stiftartig ausgeführten Elektromagneten erfolgen.The subsequent configuration of the transfer medium, i.e. The targeted remagnetization of the partial magnets, for writing in the desired information or the three-dimensional pattern, can be particularly advantageous by relative movement of the transfer medium either to (between) the pole pieces of a two-sided electromagnet or to the pole piece of a one-sided pole shoe equipped on one side only, pin-like electromagnets.

Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der zweiseitigen und der einseitigen Ausführung sind schematisch in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 abgebildet.Preferred configurations of the two-sided and the one-sided embodiment are shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Fig. 1 zeigt die bevorzugte senkrechte Anordnung des beweglichen Transfermediums (T) im Spalt eines zweiseitig mit Polschuhen (P) ausgerüsteten Elektromagneten.1 shows the preferred vertical arrangement of the movable transfer medium (T) in the gap of an electromagnet equipped with pole shoes (P) on both sides.

In Fig. 2 ist die bevorzugte senkrechte Anordnung des wiederum beweglichen Transfermediums (T) zum Polschuh (P) des einseitigen, stiftartig ausgeführten Elektromagneten abgebildet. Um den magnetischen Kreis effektiver zu gestalten, empfiehlt es sich, bei der einseitigen Ausführung einen teilweisen magnetischen Rückschluß durch Unterlegen einer weichmagnetischen Platte (W), z.B. aus Eisen, zu erzeugen.2 shows the preferred vertical arrangement of the transfer medium (T), which in turn is movable, to the pole shoe (P) of the one-sided, pin-like electromagnet. In order to make the magnetic circuit more effective, it is recommended to use a one-sided design to partially magnetic inference by placing a soft magnetic plate (W), e.g. from iron.

Selbstverständlich können die Spulen (S) in beiden Fällen an anderen Stellen des Magnetkreises orientiert sein oder ganz oder teilweise durch Permanentmagnete ersetzt sein.Of course, in both cases the coils (S) can be oriented at other points in the magnetic circuit or can be completely or partially replaced by permanent magnets.

Um eine gute Auflösung beim Einschreiben zu erreichen, empfiehlt sich, wie bereits in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 angedeutet, die Verwendung sich verjüngender Polschuhe. Der Durchmesser in der Polschuhspitze hängt dabei von der gewünschten Ortsauflösung in der Effektbeschichtung ab und beträgt in der Regel etwa das 0,3 bis 3fache dieser Auflösung.In order to achieve a good resolution when writing in, it is recommended, as already indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2, to use tapered pole shoes. The diameter in the pole shoe tip depends on the desired spatial resolution in the effect coating and is usually about 0.3 to 3 times this resolution.

Die Feldstärke im Spalt des zweiseitigen Elektromagneten bzw. die Feldstärke vor dem Pol des einseitigen Elektromagneten (Stiftes) entspricht bevorzugt der Koerzitivfeldstärke des Transfermediums.The field strength in the gap of the two-sided electromagnet or the field strength in front of the pole of the one-sided electromagnet (pin) preferably corresponds to the coercive field strength of the transfer medium.

Die zweiseitige Ausführung des Elektromagneten ergibt in der Regel eine bessere Auflösung des eingeschriebenen dreidimensionalen Musters. Die einseitige, stiftartige Ausführung ist jedoch leichter zu handhaben. Je nach den Anforderungen wird man also der einen oder der anderen Ausführung den Vorzug geben.The two-sided design of the electromagnet usually results in a better resolution of the inscribed three-dimensional pattern. However, the one-sided, pen-like design is easier to handle. Depending on the requirements, one or the other version will be preferred.

Weiterhin bietet es sich an, den Einschreibvorgang (d.h. die Konfigurierung des Transfermediums) automatisiert mit Hilfe eines Plotters durchzuführen. Je nach der Geometrie ist es vorteilhafter, das Transfermedium oder den Magneten (oder beides) beweglich anzuordnen. Auf diese Weise können Schriftzüge oder Grafiken direkt von einem Computer auf das Transfermedium übertragen werden.It is also advisable to carry out the enrollment process (i.e. the configuration of the transfer medium) automatically using a plotter. Depending on the geometry, it is more advantageous to arrange the transfer medium or the magnet (or both) movably. In this way, lettering or graphics can be transferred directly from a computer to the transfer medium.

Zur anschließenden Übertragung der dreidimensionalen Muster auf die Magnetpigment enthaltende Beschichtung bzw. auf das mit den Magnetpigmenten beschichtete (nach den gängigen Methoden bedruckte, lackierte oder bestrichene) Material (z.B. Folie, Papier, Karton oder (bevorzugt nichtmagnetisches) Metall) wird das konfigurierte Transfermedium möglichst vollständig und gleichmäßig mit der noch feuchten Beschichtung (Druck oder Lackierung), in der die Pigmentteilchen noch beweglich sind, in Kontakt gebracht. Vorzugsweise wird das beschichtete Material einfach auf das Transfermedium gelegt.For the subsequent transfer of the three-dimensional patterns to the coating containing the magnetic pigment or to the material coated with the magnetic pigments (printed, lacquered or coated with the usual methods) (e.g. film, paper, cardboard or (preferably non-magnetic) metal), the configured transfer medium is made possible completely and evenly with the still wet coating (printing or painting), in which the pigment particles are still mobile. The coated material is preferably simply placed on the transfer medium.

Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können alle magnetisch orientierbaren, plättchenförmigen Pigmente einfach und gezielt ausgerichtet werden. Beispielhaft seien die in der US-A-2 570 856 aufgeführten ferromagnetischen Metallplättchen und die in der DE-A-39 38 055 aufgeführten Glimmer- und Aluminiumplättchen, die mit Magnetit beschichtet sind, sowie die in der DE-A-43 13 541 und der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A-43 40 141 beschriebenen Aluminiumplättchen, die mit einer inneren Eisen, Cobalt, Nickel oder γ-Eisen(III)oxid (Maghemit) enthaltenden Schicht, einer weiteren nichtferromagnetischen Metalloxidschicht und/oder einer äußeren passivierenden phosphat-, chromat- und/oder vanadathaltigen Schicht belegt sind, genannt.With the aid of the method according to the invention, all magnetically orientable, platelet-shaped pigments can be easily and specifically aligned. Examples include the ferromagnetic metal platelets listed in US Pat. No. 2,570,856 and the mica and aluminum platelets listed in DE-A-39 38 055, which are coated with magnetite, and those in DE-A-43 13 541 and the unpublished DE-A-43 40 141 aluminum platelets described, which with an inner iron, cobalt, nickel or γ-iron (III) oxide (maghemite) containing layer, another non-ferromagnetic metal oxide layer and / or an outer passivating phosphate, chromate - and / or a layer containing vanadium are occupied.

Besonders hervorzuheben sind die in der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A-44 19 173 beschriebenen Aluminiumplättchen, die eine Mehrfachbeschichtung mit (A) Eisen, Cobalt, Nickel, Magnetit und/oder γ-Fe₂O₃, (B) Siliciumoxid und/oder Aluminiumoxid, (C) Metall und/oder nichtselektiv absorbierendem Metalloxid aufweisen. Bei Lackierungen oder Drucken, die diese Pigmente enthalten, werden die dreidimensionalen Effekte nicht nur von dem üblichen Hell/Dunkel-Flop, sondern auch von einem Farbwechsel zwischen den Interferenzfarben begleitet.Particularly noteworthy are the aluminum plates described in the unpublished DE-A-44 19 173, which have a multiple coating with (A) iron, cobalt, nickel, magnetite and / or γ-Fe₂O₃, (B) silicon oxide and / or aluminum oxide, (C ) Have metal and / or non-selectively absorbing metal oxide. When painting or printing containing these pigments, the three-dimensional effects are not only accompanied by the usual light / dark flop, but also by a color change between the interference colors.

In der Regel betragen die Einwirkzeiten zur Ausrichtung der Pigmentteilchen unabhängig von der Komplexität der Muster nur 1 bis 100 sec.As a rule, the exposure times for aligning the pigment particles are only 1 to 100 seconds, regardless of the complexity of the pattern.

Je nach Art des Beschichtungsmediums (beispielsweise sei hier auf die DE-A-39 38 055 verwiesen) kann der anschließende Trockenvorgang, nach dem die Pigmentteilchen und damit die dreidimensionalen optischen Effekte fixiert sind, durch eine zusätzliche UV-Bestrahlung beschleunigt werden.Depending on the type of coating medium (for example, reference is made to DE-A-39 38 055), the subsequent drying process, after which the pigment particles and hence the three-dimensional optical effects are fixed, can be accelerated by additional UV radiation.

Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können dreidimensionale optische Effekte vorteilhaft durch einfache Anpassung der Verfahrensparameter (Polschuhdurchmesser und Feldstärke des Magneten, Kontaktzeit, Dicke und Koerzitivfeldstärke des Transfermediums) sicher und mit der gewünschten (guten) Auflösung, d.h. mit dem gewünschten Kontrast und der gewünschten Stärke, in magnetisch orientierbare, plättchenförmige Pigmente enthaltenden Beschichtungen wie Drucken oder Lackierungen erzeugt werden. Das vorliegende Verfahren zeichnet sich aufgrund seines geringen Zeitbedarfs (kurze Einschreibzeiten und kurze Übertragungszeiten), der Wiederverwendbarkeit des Transfermediums, das mit Hilfe eines starken Dauermagneten jederzeit wieder einheitlich magnetisiert werden kann und dann für weitere Einschreibvorgänge erneut zur Verfügung steht, und der Möglichkeit zur Automatisierung durch Computersteuerung insbesondere auch durch seine Wirtschaftlichkeit aus.With the aid of the method according to the invention, three-dimensional optical effects can advantageously be achieved by simply adapting the method parameters (pole shoe diameter and field strength of the magnet, contact time, thickness and coercive field strength of the transfer medium) safely and with the desired (good) resolution, ie with the desired contrast and the desired strength. in magnetically orientable coatings containing platelet-shaped pigments, such as prints or coatings. The present method is characterized by its low time requirement (short registration times and short transmission times), the reusability of the transfer medium, which can be magnetized uniformly at any time with the help of a strong permanent magnet and is then available again for further enrollment processes, and the possibility of automation by computer control, particularly due to its economy.

BeispieleExamples

Eine handelsübliche, 1 mm dicke, Bariumferrit enthaltende Magnethaftfolie (Fa. IBS, Berlin) wurde jeweils nach vollständiger Aufmagnetisierung mit einem starken Dauermagneten (Nd₂Fe₁₄B) unter Bewegung mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa 1 cm/sec wiederholt mit Hilfe eines zweiseitig mit Polschuhen ausgerüsteten Elektromagneten (Polschuhabstand etwa 1 mm, 2 Spulen mit je 480 Windungen) mit einem Zickzackmuster beschrieben.A commercially available 1 mm thick barium ferrite-containing magnetic adhesive film (from IBS, Berlin) was repeated after complete magnetization with a strong permanent magnet (Nd₂Fe₁₄B) while moving at a speed of about 1 cm / sec using an electromagnet equipped with pole shoes on both sides ( Pole shoe spacing about 1 mm, 2 coils with 480 turns each) described with a zigzag pattern.

Polschuhdurchmesser und Strom wurden dabei wie in der Tabelle angegeben variiert.The pole shoe diameter and current were varied as indicated in the table.

Auf die beschriebene Magnetfolie wurde anschließend jeweils für 60 sec ein noch feuchter Siebdruck gelegt.A still moist screen print was then placed on the magnetic film described for 60 seconds.

Die hierfür benutzten Siebdrucke wurden jeweils durch Verdrucken (49er Sieb) einer Siebdruckfarbe, die 20 g magnetisierbares Pigment (Beispiel 1 der DE-A-43 13 541) in 80 g einer handelsüblichen Bindemittellösung (Copolymerisat auf der Basis von Vinylchlorid und Vinylisobutylether ≙ Laroflex® MP45/Acetat/Aliphaten) auf Papier oder Folie aufgebracht.The screen prints used for this were each made by printing (49 screen) a screen printing ink, the 20 g magnetizable pigment (Example 1 of DE-A-43 13 541) in 80 g of a commercially available binder solution (copolymer based on vinyl chloride and vinyl isobutyl ether ≙ Laroflex® MP45 / acetate / aliphates) applied to paper or foil.

Das Zickzackmuster war in allen Fällen im getrockneten Druck deutlich sichtbar und konnte nicht unverändert kopiert werden.The zigzag pattern was clearly visible in the dried print in all cases and could not be copied unchanged.

Weitere Einzelheiten zu diesen Versuchen sowie deren Ergebnisse können der folgenden Tabelle entnommen werden. Tabelle Beispiel Polschuhdurchmesser [mm] Strom [A] Ergebnis im Druck 1 1 0,4 Kontrast und Schärfe hervorragend; Strichstärke 1 mm 2 0,5 0,4 Kontrast und Schärfe gut; Strichstärke etwas geringer als 1 mm 3 0,5 0,8 Kontrast und Schärfe gut; Strichstärke 1,5 mm 4 2 0,4 Kontrast und Schärfe gut; Strichstärke 2 mm Further details on these experiments and their results can be found in the following table. table example Pole shoe diameter [mm] Current [A] Result in print 1 1 0.4 Excellent contrast and sharpness; Line width 1 mm 2nd 0.5 0.4 Good contrast and sharpness; Line width slightly less than 1 mm 3rd 0.5 0.8 Good contrast and sharpness; Line width 1.5 mm 4th 2nd 0.4 Good contrast and sharpness; Line width 2 mm

Claims (8)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensionale optische Effekte aufweisenden Beschichtungen durch Ausrichtung magnetisch orientierbarer, plättchenförmiger Pigmente, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Pigmente in der noch flüssigen Beschichtung durch das Magnetfeld eines zuvor magnetisch konfigurierten flächenförmigen Transfermediums ausrichtet.Process for the production of coatings having three-dimensional optical effects by aligning magnetically orientable, platelet-shaped pigments, characterized in that the pigments in the still liquid coating are aligned by the magnetic field of a previously magnetically configured sheet-like transfer medium. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Transfermedium einen hartmagnetische Teilchen enthaltenden Kunststoffilm, der auf einen zusätzlichen Träger aufgebracht sein kann, verwendet.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a plastic film containing hard magnetic particles, which can be applied to an additional carrier, is used as the transfer medium. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Transfermedium eine Magnetfolie oder ein Magnetband verwendet.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a magnetic film or a magnetic tape is used as the transfer medium. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die magnetische Konfigurierung des Transfermediums nach dessen einheitlicher Magnetisierung durch Bewegung zwischen den beiden sich verjüngenden Polschuhen eines Elektromagneten vornimmt.Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetic configuration of the transfer medium after its uniform magnetization is carried out by movement between the two tapered pole pieces of an electromagnet. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die magnetische Konfigurierung des Transfermediums nach dessen einheitlicher Magnetisierung mit einem stiftartig ausgeführten, einseitigen Elektromagneten, gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart einer weichmagnetischen Unterlage, vornimmt.Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetic configuration of the transfer medium after its uniform magnetization is carried out with a single-sided electromagnet, possibly in the presence of a soft magnetic base. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Transfermedium zur Konfigurierung senkrecht zu den Polschuhen anordnet.A method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the transfer medium is arranged perpendicular to the pole pieces for configuration. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen Polschuhdurchmesser verwendet, der in etwa der Dicke des Transfermediums entspricht.Process according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a pole shoe diameter is used which corresponds approximately to the thickness of the transfer medium. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine Feldstärke im Spalt des Elektromagneten verwendet, die in etwa der Koerzitivfeldstärke des Transfermediums entspricht.Process according to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that a field strength in the gap of the electromagnet is used which corresponds approximately to the coercive field strength of the transfer medium.
EP95116928A 1994-11-04 1995-10-27 Process for making coatings having three dimensional optical effects Withdrawn EP0710508A1 (en)

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