EP0578060A2 - Method for data transmission between a base station and mobile objects - Google Patents

Method for data transmission between a base station and mobile objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578060A2
EP0578060A2 EP93110078A EP93110078A EP0578060A2 EP 0578060 A2 EP0578060 A2 EP 0578060A2 EP 93110078 A EP93110078 A EP 93110078A EP 93110078 A EP93110078 A EP 93110078A EP 0578060 A2 EP0578060 A2 EP 0578060A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
objects
antenna arrangement
area
signals
antenna
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Granted
Application number
EP93110078A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0578060A3 (en
EP0578060B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Dr.-Ing. Göckler
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Gebauer
Wilhelm Dr.-Ing. Grabow
Markus Dipl.-Ing. Ali
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP0578060A2 publication Critical patent/EP0578060A2/en
Publication of EP0578060A3 publication Critical patent/EP0578060A3/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/017—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled identifying vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for data transmission between a base station and objects moving in a limited area, the base station having an antenna arrangement which generates a separate directional diagram for each of the objects with which data transmission is to take place.
  • antennas are provided either according to a first solution, the directional diagrams of which are fixed to predetermined illumination areas. In this case, for each lane or segment of a lane, in which a vehicle is traveling, there are antennas. If the area to be recorded consists of many lanes, a very complex arrangement consisting of many antennas is required. In a second solution, the antenna arrangement consists of several phase-controlled individual antennas, which are able to track the directional diagrams of the moving vehicles. However, this requires information about the location of the individual vehicles. According to P 41 07 803, this location information provides induction loops set into the street. Obtaining the location information is therefore quite complex.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method of the type mentioned at the outset with which data can be exchanged with each and every one of them from a large number of objects moving in a predetermined area with the least possible outlay on technical means.
  • the method of the invention requires fewer antenna elements and does not need induction loops in order to correctly locate the individual objects and to be able to exchange data with them.
  • the method described below is used to enable data transmission between objects that move within a predetermined area and a base station.
  • These moving objects can, as can be seen in FIG. 1, e.g. Vehicles 1 and the predetermined area 2 can be a section of a road. Within this area 2, it should be possible to localize each individual vehicle 1 located therein and to record data transmitted by it, even if the vehicles move alongside one another and possibly also make lane changes in the process.
  • Each vehicle 1 is equipped with a device which is visible from the outside and is preferably arranged on the windshield and has a receiver, a transmitter and a processor which, for example, debits a required toll fee from a check card which can be used to store an amount of money.
  • Each vehicle 1 is now subjected to a check in area 2 as to whether it has debited the prescribed toll.
  • a base station 4 set up at the exit of area 2 sends out a microwave signal which activates the transmitters of the toll fee debiting devices on the vehicles, so that they are able to send an acknowledgment signal.
  • the base station 4 locates each individual vehicle in the area 2 and checks whether it is a Acknowledgment signal sent. If this is not the case, the license plate can be recorded, for example, by photographing the vehicle, and the vehicle owner can thus be determined, so that the toll can be collected later.
  • the base station 4 is equipped with at least one antenna arrangement.
  • Such an antenna arrangement 5, as shown in FIG. 2 illustrates, from several individual antenna elements, the output signals of which can be weighted by a beam-shaping network 6 in such a way that the antenna arrangement generates such a reception characteristic that a main receiving lobe is aimed at each vehicle for data transmission between it and the base station.
  • Either a separate antenna arrangement 5 can be provided for each lane, or several lanes can be detected by one antenna arrangement 5.
  • antenna elements that receive circularly polarized signals because they are less susceptible to interference.
  • the antenna arrangement receives signals from all vehicles located in the area covered by the antenna arrangement 5.
  • a processor 7 derives information about the instantaneous location of the individual vehicles from the received signals x (t) of the individual antenna elements. The number of vehicles and their location information can be calculated using the known estimation methods (see S. Unnikrishna Pillai, Array Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1989) Derive antenna reception signals x (t).
  • the signals of the individual antenna elements are now weighted in the beam shaping network 6, that is to say the signal phase and / or amplitude of each antenna element is set such that the antenna arrangement generates a directional diagram for each vehicle such that a main receiving lobe is applied to it vehicles in question is directed and that the directional diagram in the direction of the other, potentially disruptive vehicles has the highest possible reception loss compared to the main receiving lobe (ideally zeroing).
  • the phase and amplitude to be set for each antenna element are collectively referred to below as a complex weight vector w (t).
  • the weighting can be applied to either continuous, analog or discrete-time, digital antenna reception signals x (t). Accordingly, the circuitry for weighting that is present in each received signal path can be implemented.
  • the weightings of the individual antenna reception signals x (t) can be changed continuously but only at discrete times.
  • beam shaping networks only one of which is shown in FIG. 2, are connected to the antenna arrangement 5 as the area that can be covered by the antenna arrangement can accommodate a maximum of vehicles, so that each vehicle can be assigned its own directional diagram.
  • the received signals received for each vehicle and correspondingly weighted in the associated beam shaping network 6 are coherently superimposed on one another in a summer 8 and the sum signal y (t) is fed to a receiver 9.
  • the directional diagrams of the change in location of the vehicles must be constantly adapted. This adaptation of the directional diagrams can be done so that the location determination of the vehicles described above is repeated in very short time intervals. The time intervals must be selected so that at the highest possible speed the vehicles have just not moved out of the area of their main receiving lobe before the main receiving lobe is tracked after a subsequent location determination.
  • Another adaptation method consists in deriving control signals for the complex weight vectors w (t) from the output signal of the receiver 9 according to a quality criterion.
  • a circuit unit 10 determines, in connection with the processor 7 from the receiver output signal and possibly the individual signals of the antenna elements, the ratio of the useful signal to the interference signal power, the useful signal being the signal received by the vehicle to which the Main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals are the signals received by other vehicles, to which the most strongly attenuated areas, ideally zeros, of the directional diagram should be directed.
  • the processor 7 derives from the quality signal e (t) (ratio of useful signal to interference signal power) such complex weight vectors w (t) for the beam shaping network 6 that there is an alignment of the main receiving lobe and the strongly damped areas (zeros) of the directional diagram , which makes the quality signal e (t) maximal.
  • a repetition of the location determination of the vehicles is only necessary if a new vehicle has entered the predetermined area. It is expedient to initiate a new location determination at least every time a vehicle leaves the area or a new one enters the area.
  • the complex weight vectors w n (t) fed to the processor 7 originate from the antenna arrangement of a neighboring area. From this, the processor can derive information when a vehicle has changed from one area to the next (lane change) and can transmit this accordingly to the beam-forming network 6. It can also be used to determine information about the alignment of the main lobes of neighboring antenna arrangements that exchange data with other vehicles. The processor 7 can use this information to support the formation of the minima or zeros in the directional diagram, in order to minimize the disruptive influence of the signals sent by other vehicles.

Abstract

The method should make it possible to exchange data with each individual or one of a multiplicity of objects with little technical expenditure. An antenna arrangement (5) present on the base station repeatedly receives signals radiated by all objects located within a predetermined region. From these received signals (x(t)) information on the instantaneous location of the individual objects (1) is derived. The location information is used for controlling a beam forming network (6) connected to the antenna arrangement (5), in such a manner that the antenna arrangement (5) generates for each of the objects a directional pattern which is formed in such a manner that a main receiving lobe is directed towards the relevant object and the reception attenuation is high in the direction of in each case the other adjacent objects in comparison with the main receiving lobe. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen einer Feststation und in einem begrenzten Gebiet sich bewegenden Objekten, wobei die Feststation eine Antennenanordnung aufweist, welche für jedes der Objekte, mit dem eine Datenübertragung stattfinden soll, ein eigenes Richtdiagramm erzeugt.The present invention relates to a method for data transmission between a base station and objects moving in a limited area, the base station having an antenna arrangement which generates a separate directional diagram for each of the objects with which data transmission is to take place.

Ein solches Verfahren ist aus der älteren deutschen Patentanmeldung P 41 07 803 bekannt. Als eine Anwendungsmöglichkeit der darin beschriebenen Abfrageanordnung ist die automatische Zahlung von Mautgebühren aufgeführt. Jedes Fahrzeug, das eine Mautgebühr zu zahlen hat, ist mit einer automatischen Abbuchungseinrichtung ausgestattet, welche eine Sende-/Empfangsvorrichtung besitzt. Diese Sende-/Empfangsvorrichtung wird von einer an der Mautstelle fest installierten Sende-/Empfangseinrichtung aktiviert und ein Dialog zwischen beiden aufgenommen. Dabei verbucht zunächst die Abbuchungseinrichtung die Mautgebühr und sendet anschließend eine Quittung darüber an die Sende-/Empfangseinrichtung der Mautstelle. Während dieses Vorgangs wird für jedes der Fahrzeuge von einer Antennenanordnung, bestehend aus mehreren einzelnen Antennenelementen, ein Richtdiagramm erzeugt. Dazu sind entweder gemäß einer ersten Lösung Antennen vorgesehen, deren Richtdiagramme auf vorgegebene Ausleuchtgebiete fixiert sind. Es muß in diesem Fall also für jede Fahrspur oder jedes Segment einer Fahrspur, in dem ein Fahrzeug fährt, eine Antennen vorhanden sind. Besteht das zu erfassende Gebiet aus vielen Fahrspuren, so ist eine sehr aufwendige, aus vielen Antennen bestehende Anordnung erforderlich. In einer zweiten Lösung besteht die Antennenanordnung aus mehreren phasengesteuerten Einzelantennen, welche in der Lage sind, den sich bewegenden Fahrzeugen die Richtdiagramme nachzuführen. Allerdings werden dazu Informationen über den Ort der einzelnen Fahrzeuge benötigt. Diese Ortsinformationen liefern gemäß der P 41 07 803 in die Straße eingelassene Induktionsschleifen. Die Gewinnung der Ortsinformationen wird dadurch recht aufwendig.Such a method is known from the older German patent application P 41 07 803. The automatic payment of toll fees is listed as one possible application of the query arrangement described therein. Every vehicle that has to pay a toll fee is equipped with an automatic debiting device which has a transmitting / receiving device. This transmission / reception device is activated by a transmission / reception device that is permanently installed at the toll station, and a dialogue is started between the two. The debiting device first books the toll fee and then sends a receipt for it to the transmitting / receiving device of the toll station. During this process, a directional diagram is generated for each of the vehicles by an antenna arrangement consisting of several individual antenna elements. For this purpose, antennas are provided either according to a first solution, the directional diagrams of which are fixed to predetermined illumination areas. In this case, for each lane or segment of a lane, in which a vehicle is traveling, there are antennas. If the area to be recorded consists of many lanes, a very complex arrangement consisting of many antennas is required. In a second solution, the antenna arrangement consists of several phase-controlled individual antennas, which are able to track the directional diagrams of the moving vehicles. However, this requires information about the location of the individual vehicles. According to P 41 07 803, this location information provides induction loops set into the street. Obtaining the location information is therefore quite complex.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit dem bei möglichst geringem Aufwand an technischen Mitteln aus einer Vielzahl von sich in einem vorgegebenen Gebiet bewegenden Objekten mit jedem einzelnen ein Datenaustausch durchgeführt werden kann.The invention is based on the object of specifying a method of the type mentioned at the outset with which data can be exchanged with each and every one of them from a large number of objects moving in a predetermined area with the least possible outlay on technical means.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Anwendungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments and applications of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Das Verfahren der Erfindung benötigt gegenüber dem Stand der Technik weniger Antennenelemente und kommt ohne Induktionsschleifen aus, um die einzelnen Objekte richtig orten und mit ihnen Daten austauschen zu können.Compared to the prior art, the method of the invention requires fewer antenna elements and does not need induction loops in order to correctly locate the individual objects and to be able to exchange data with them.

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels wird nachfolgend die Erfindung näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt einen Straßenabschnitt, innerhalb dessen eine Mauterfassung von Fahrzeugen stattfindet, und
  • Figur 2 zeigt ein Prinzipschaltbild einer Antennenanordnung mit einem Strahlformungsnetzwerk.
Based on an embodiment shown in the drawing, the invention is explained in more detail below.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of road within which toll collection of vehicles takes place, and
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic circuit diagram of an antenna arrangement with a beam shaping network.

Das im folgenden beschriebene Verfahren dient dazu, zwischen Objekten, die sich innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Gebietes bewegen, und einer Feststation eine Datenübertragung zu ermöglichen. Diese sich bewegenden Objekte können, wie der Figur 1 zu entnehmen ist, z.B. Fahrzeuge 1 und das vorgegebene Gebiet 2 ein Abschnitt einer Straße sein. Innerhalb dieses Gebietes 2 soll es möglich sein, jedes einzelne sich darin befindliche Fahrzeug 1 zu lokalisieren und von ihm ausgesendete Daten aufzunehmen, auch wenn sich die Fahrzeuge auf mehreren Spuren nebeneinander fortbewegen und dabei eventuell noch Spurwechsel vornehmen.The method described below is used to enable data transmission between objects that move within a predetermined area and a base station. These moving objects can, as can be seen in FIG. 1, e.g. Vehicles 1 and the predetermined area 2 can be a section of a road. Within this area 2, it should be possible to localize each individual vehicle 1 located therein and to record data transmitted by it, even if the vehicles move alongside one another and possibly also make lane changes in the process.

Jedes Fahrzeug 1 ist mit einer von außen sichtbaren, vorzugsweise an der Windschutzscheibe angeordneten Einrichtung ausgestattet, die einen Empfänger, einen Sender und einen Prozessor besitzt, der beispielsweise von einer einen Geldbetrag speicherbaren Scheckkarte eine geforderte Mautgebühr abbucht.Each vehicle 1 is equipped with a device which is visible from the outside and is preferably arranged on the windshield and has a receiver, a transmitter and a processor which, for example, debits a required toll fee from a check card which can be used to store an amount of money.

Bevor die Fahrzeuge in das Gebiet 2 eintreten, werden ihre Mautgebührabbuchungseinrichtungen von einem Mikrowellensignal "aufgeweckt", das eine vor dem Gebiet 2 installierte Bake 3 an alle Fahrzeuge 1 aussendet.Before the vehicles enter area 2, their toll collection devices are “woken up” by a microwave signal, which a beacon 3 installed in front of area 2 sends out to all vehicles 1.

Nun wird in dem Gebiet 2 jedes Fahrzeug 1 einer Kontrolle darüber unterzogen, ob es die vorgeschriebene Mautgebühr abgebucht hat. Dazu sendet eine am Ausgang des Gebietes 2 eingerichtete Feststation 4 ein Mikrowellensignal aus, das die Sender der Mautgebührabbuchungseinrichtungen an den Fahrzeugen aktiviert, so daß diese in der Lage sind, ein Quittungssignal abzusenden. Die Feststation 4 lokalisiert jedes einzelne Fahrzeug in dem Gebiet 2 und überprüft, ob es ein Quittungssignal aussendet. Ist das nicht der Fall, so kann z.B. durch Fotographieren des Fahrzeugs dessen Kennzeichen festgehalten und damit der Fahrzeughalter ermittelt werden, so daß von diesem später die Mautgebühr eingezogen werden kann.Each vehicle 1 is now subjected to a check in area 2 as to whether it has debited the prescribed toll. For this purpose, a base station 4 set up at the exit of area 2 sends out a microwave signal which activates the transmitters of the toll fee debiting devices on the vehicles, so that they are able to send an acknowledgment signal. The base station 4 locates each individual vehicle in the area 2 and checks whether it is a Acknowledgment signal sent. If this is not the case, the license plate can be recorded, for example, by photographing the vehicle, and the vehicle owner can thus be determined, so that the toll can be collected later.

Um mit jedem der sich in dem Gebiet 2, einem mehrspurigen Straßenabschnitt, befindenden Fahrzeuge 1 den genannten Datenaustausch durchführen zu können, ist die Feststation 4 mit mindestens einer Antennenanordnung ausgestattet. Eine solche Antennenanordnung 5 besteht, wie Figur. 2 verdeutlicht, aus mehreren einzelnen Antennenelementen, deren Ausgangssignale im Sendefall von einem Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 so gewichtbar sind, daß die Antennenanordnung eine solche Empfangscharakteristik erzeugt, die auf jedes Fahrzeug für die Datenübertragung zwischen ihm und der Feststation eine Hauptempfangskeule richtet. Es kann entweder für jede Fahrspur eine eigene Antennenanordnung 5 vorgesehen werden, oder es werden mehrere Fahrspuren von einer Antennenanordnung 5 erfaßt.In order to be able to carry out the data exchange mentioned with each of the vehicles 1 located in the area 2, a multi-lane road section, the base station 4 is equipped with at least one antenna arrangement. Such an antenna arrangement 5, as shown in FIG. 2 illustrates, from several individual antenna elements, the output signals of which can be weighted by a beam-shaping network 6 in such a way that the antenna arrangement generates such a reception characteristic that a main receiving lobe is aimed at each vehicle for data transmission between it and the base station. Either a separate antenna arrangement 5 can be provided for each lane, or several lanes can be detected by one antenna arrangement 5.

Es ist vorteilhaft, solche Antennenelemente zu verwenden, die zirkular polarisierte Signale empfangen, weil diese weniger störanfällig sind.It is advantageous to use antenna elements that receive circularly polarized signals because they are less susceptible to interference.

Damit die Feststation mit jedem einzelnen Fahrzeug 1 einen Datenaustausch vornehmen kann, ist zunächst eine Ortung der einzelnen Fahrzeuge durchzuführen. Dazu empfängt die Antennenanordnung von allen Fahrzeugen, die sich in dem von der Antennenanordnung 5 erfaßten Gebiet befinden, Signale. Ein Prozessor 7 leitet aus den Empfangssignalen x(t) der einzelnen Antennenelemente Informationen über den augenblicklichen Ort der einzelnen Fahrzeuge ab. Die Anzahl der Fahrzeuge und deren Ortsinformationen lassen sich mit Hilfe von an sich bekannten Schätzverfahren (vgl. S. Unnikrishna Pillai, Array Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1989) aus den Antennenempfangssignalen x(t) ableiten. Mit diesen geschätzten Ortsinformationen werden nun im Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 die Signale der einzelnen Antennenelemente so gewichtet, d.h. es wird die Signalphase- und/oder -amplitude eines jeden Antennenelementes so eingestellt, daß die Antennenanordnung für jedes Fahrzeug ein solches Richtdiagramm erzeugt, daß eine Hauptempfangskeule auf das betreffende Fahrzeuge gerichtet ist und daß das Richtdiagramm in Richtung der jeweils anderen, potentiell störenden Fahrzeuge eine möglichst hohe Empfangsdämpfung gegenüber der Hauptempfangskeule (im Idealfall Nullstellen) aufweist. Die für jedes Antennenelement einzustellende Phase und Amplitude werden im folgenden zusammenfassend als komplexer Gewichtsvektor w(t) bezeichnet. Die Wichtung kann entweder auf kontinuierliche, analog oder zeitdiskrete, digitale Antennenempfangssignale x(t) angewendet werden. Dementsprechend sind die in jedem Empfangssignalpfad vorhandenen Schaltungsmittel für die Wichtung zu realisieren. Die Wichtungen der einzelnen Antennenempfangssignale x(t) können kontinuierlich aber auch nur zu diskreten Zeitpunkten geändert werden. An die Antennenanordnung 5 sind soviele Strahlformungsnetzwerke, von denen in Figur 2 nur eines dargestellt ist, angeschlossen wie das von der Antennenanordnung erfaßbare Gebiet maximal an Fahrzeugen aufnehmen kann, so daß jedem Fahrzeug ein eigenes Richtdiagramm zugeordnet werden kann.In order for the base station to be able to exchange data with each individual vehicle 1, the individual vehicles must first be located. For this purpose, the antenna arrangement receives signals from all vehicles located in the area covered by the antenna arrangement 5. A processor 7 derives information about the instantaneous location of the individual vehicles from the received signals x (t) of the individual antenna elements. The number of vehicles and their location information can be calculated using the known estimation methods (see S. Unnikrishna Pillai, Array Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1989) Derive antenna reception signals x (t). With this estimated location information, the signals of the individual antenna elements are now weighted in the beam shaping network 6, that is to say the signal phase and / or amplitude of each antenna element is set such that the antenna arrangement generates a directional diagram for each vehicle such that a main receiving lobe is applied to it vehicles in question is directed and that the directional diagram in the direction of the other, potentially disruptive vehicles has the highest possible reception loss compared to the main receiving lobe (ideally zeroing). The phase and amplitude to be set for each antenna element are collectively referred to below as a complex weight vector w (t). The weighting can be applied to either continuous, analog or discrete-time, digital antenna reception signals x (t). Accordingly, the circuitry for weighting that is present in each received signal path can be implemented. The weightings of the individual antenna reception signals x (t) can be changed continuously but only at discrete times. As many beam shaping networks, only one of which is shown in FIG. 2, are connected to the antenna arrangement 5 as the area that can be covered by the antenna arrangement can accommodate a maximum of vehicles, so that each vehicle can be assigned its own directional diagram.

Die für jedes Fahrzeug empfangenen und im zugehörigen Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 entsprechend gewichteten Empfangssignale werden in einem Summierer 8 einander kohärent überlagert und das Summensignal y(t) einem Empfänger 9 zugeführt.The received signals received for each vehicle and correspondingly weighted in the associated beam shaping network 6 are coherently superimposed on one another in a summer 8 and the sum signal y (t) is fed to a receiver 9.

Da sich die Fahrzeuge in dem vorgegebenen Gebiet fortbewegen, müssen die Richtdiagramme der Ortsveränderung der Fahrzeuge ständig angepaßt werden. Diese Adaption der Richtdiagramme kann so erfolgen, daß die oben beschriebene Ortsermittlung der Fahrzeuge in sehr kurzen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Dabei müssen die Zeitabstände so gewählt sein, daß bei der größtmöglichen Geschwindigkeit die Fahrzeuge gerade noch nicht aus dem Bereich ihrer Hauptempfangskeule herausgefahren sind, bevor nach einer folgenden Ortsermittlung die Hauptempfangskeule nachgeführt wird.Since the vehicles are moving in the specified area, the directional diagrams of the change in location of the vehicles must be constantly adapted. This adaptation of the directional diagrams can be done so that the location determination of the vehicles described above is repeated in very short time intervals. The time intervals must be selected so that at the highest possible speed the vehicles have just not moved out of the area of their main receiving lobe before the main receiving lobe is tracked after a subsequent location determination.

Ein anderes Adaptionsverfahren besteht darin, daß aus dem Ausgangssignal des Empfängers 9 nach einem Gütekriterium Steuersignale für die komplexen Gewichtsvektoren w(t) abgeleitet werden. Und zwar ermittelt, wie Figur 2 zeigt, eine Schaltungseinheit 10 in Verbindung mit dem Prozessor 7 aus dem Empfängerausgangssignal und ggf. den Einzelsignalen der Antennenelemente z.B. das Verhältnis von Nutzsignal zu Störsignalleistung, wobei das Nutzsignal das von demjenigen Fahrzeug empfangene Signal ist, auf das die Hauptempfangskeule gerichtet sein sollte, und Störsignale die von anderen Fahrzeugen empfangene Signale sind, auf welche möglichst stark gedämpfte Bereiche, im Idealfall Nullstellen, des Richtdiagramms gerichtet sein sollten. Der Prozessor 7 leitet aus dem Gütesignal e(t) (Verhältnis von Nutzsignal- zu Störsignalleistung) solche komplexen Gewichtsvektoren w(t) für das Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 her, daß es zu einer Ausrichtung der Hauptempfangskeule und der stark gedämpften Bereiche (Nullstellen) des Richtdiagramms kommt, welche das Gütesignal e(t) maximal werden läßt.Another adaptation method consists in deriving control signals for the complex weight vectors w (t) from the output signal of the receiver 9 according to a quality criterion. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a circuit unit 10 determines, in connection with the processor 7 from the receiver output signal and possibly the individual signals of the antenna elements, the ratio of the useful signal to the interference signal power, the useful signal being the signal received by the vehicle to which the Main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals are the signals received by other vehicles, to which the most strongly attenuated areas, ideally zeros, of the directional diagram should be directed. The processor 7 derives from the quality signal e (t) (ratio of useful signal to interference signal power) such complex weight vectors w (t) for the beam shaping network 6 that there is an alignment of the main receiving lobe and the strongly damped areas (zeros) of the directional diagram , which makes the quality signal e (t) maximal.

Es können auch andere Gütekriterien für die Adaption des Strahlungsdiagramms herangezogen werden. Einige bekannte Gütekriterien für Adaptionsverfahren sind in Lehrbüchern von S. Thomas Alexander, Adaptive Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1986 und R.T. Compton, Ir. Adaptive Antennas, Prentice Hall, 1988 beschrieben.Other quality criteria can also be used for the adaptation of the radiation diagram. Some known quality criteria for adaptation methods are in textbooks by S. Thomas Alexander, Adaptive Signal Processing, Springer-Verlag, 1986 and RT Compton, Ir. Adaptive Antennas, Prentice Hall, 1988.

Bei dem zuletzt vorgestellten Adaptionsverfahren ist eine Wiederholung der Ortsermittlung der Fahrzeuge nur erforderlich, wenn ein neues Fahrzeug in das vorgegebene Gebiet hineingefahren ist. Zweckmäßig ist es, zumindest jedesmal, wenn ein Fahrzeug das Gebiet verläßt, oder ein neues in das Gebiet eintritt eine Ortsermittlung neu zu initiieren.With the adaptation method presented last, a repetition of the location determination of the vehicles is only necessary if a new vehicle has entered the predetermined area. It is expedient to initiate a new location determination at least every time a vehicle leaves the area or a new one enters the area.

Die dem Prozessor 7 zugeführten komplexen Gewichtsvektoren w n(t) stammen von der Antennenanordnung eines Nachbargebietes. Daraus kann der Prozessor Informationen ableiten, wenn ein Fahrzeug von einem Gebiet in das nächste übergewechselt ist (Fahrspurwechsel), und diese entsprechend auf das Strahlformungsnetzwerk 6 übertragen. Weiterhin lassen sich daraus Informationen über die Ausrichtung der Hauptkeulen von Nachbarantennenanordnungen ermitteln, die mit anderen Fahrzeugen Daten austauschen. Der Prozessor 7 kann diese Informationen zur Unterstützung der Ausbildung der Minima bzw. Nullstellen im Richtdiagramm nutzen, um somit den störenden Einfluß der von anderen Fahrzeugen gesendeten Signale zu minimieren.The complex weight vectors w n (t) fed to the processor 7 originate from the antenna arrangement of a neighboring area. From this, the processor can derive information when a vehicle has changed from one area to the next (lane change) and can transmit this accordingly to the beam-forming network 6. It can also be used to determine information about the alignment of the main lobes of neighboring antenna arrangements that exchange data with other vehicles. The processor 7 can use this information to support the formation of the minima or zeros in the directional diagram, in order to minimize the disruptive influence of the signals sent by other vehicles.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen einer Feststation und in einem begrenzten Gebiet sich bewegenden Objekte, wobei die Feststation eine Antennenanordnung aufweist, welche für jedes der Objekte, mit dem eine Datenübertragung stattfinden soll, ein eigenes Richtdiagramm erzeugt, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Antennenanordnung (5) wiederholt von allen sich in dem Gebiet befindenden Objekte (1) ausgestrahlte Signale empfängt und aus diesen Empfangssignalen (x(t)) Informationen über den augenblicklichen Ort der einzelnen Objekte (1) abgeleitet werden, und daß die Ortsinformationen dazu verwendet werden, um ein mit der Antennenanordnung (5) verbundenes Strahlformungsnetzwerk (6) so zu steuern, daß die Antennenanordnung (5) für jedes der Objekte (1) ein so geformtes Richtdiagramm erzeugt, daß auf das betreffende Objekt eine Hauptempfangskeule gerichtet ist und in Richtung der jeweils anderen benachbarten Objekte die Empfangsdämpfung gegenüber der Hauptempfangskeule hoch ist.Method for data transmission between a fixed station and objects moving in a limited area, the fixed station having an antenna arrangement which generates a separate directional diagram for each of the objects with which data transmission is to take place, characterized in that
that the antenna arrangement (5) repeatedly receives signals emitted by all objects (1) located in the area and information about the instantaneous location of the individual objects (1) is derived from these received signals ( x (t)), and that the location information therefor are used to control a beam shaping network (6) connected to the antenna arrangement (5) in such a way that the antenna arrangement (5) generates a directional diagram shaped for each of the objects (1) in such a way that a main receiving lobe is directed at the object in question and in In the direction of the other neighboring objects, the reception loss compared to the main reception lobe is high. Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen einer Feststation und in einem begrenzten Gebiet sich bewegenden Objekten, wobei die Feststation eine Antennenanordnung aufweist, welche für jedes der Objekte, mit dem eine Datenübertragung stattfinden soll, ein eigenes Richtdiagramm erzeugt, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Antennenanordnung (5) von allen sich in dem Gebiet befindenden Objekte (1) ausgestrahlte Signale empfängt und aus diesen Empfangssignalen (x(t)) Informationen über den augenblicklichen Ort der einzelnen Objekte (1) abgeleitet werden, daß die Ortsinformationen dazu verwendet werden, um ein mit der Antennenanordnung (5) verbundenes Strahlungsformungsnetzwerk (6) so zu steuern, daß die Antennenanordnung (5) jedem der Objekte (1) sein Richtdiagramm zuordnet, daß, nachdem den einzelnen Objekten (12) ihr Richtdiagramm zugeordnet worden ist, dieses entsprechend den Ortsveränderungen der Objekte (1) in der Weise angepaßt wird, daß auf jedes Objekt eine Hauptempfangskeule gerichtet ist und in Richtung der jeweils anderen benachbarten Objekte die Empfangsdämpfung gegenüber der Hauptempfangskeule hoch ist und daß die dazu erforderlichen Steuersignale für das Strahlformungsnetzwerk (6) nach einem Gütekriterium aus den von der Antennenanordnung (5) empfangenen Signalen (y(t)) abgeleitet werden.Method for data transmission between a base station and objects moving in a limited area, the base station having an antenna arrangement which generates a separate directional diagram for each of the objects with which data transmission is to take place, characterized in that
that the antenna arrangement (5) receives signals emitted by all objects (1) located in the area and information about the instantaneous location of the individual objects (1) is derived from these received signals ( x (t)) so that the location information is used to a connected to the antenna arrangement (5) To control the radiation shaping network (6) in such a way that the antenna arrangement (5) assigns its directional diagram to each of the objects (1), that after the individual objects (12) have been assigned their directional diagram, this corresponds to the changes in location of the objects (1) in the It is adapted in such a way that a main reception lobe is directed at each object and the reception attenuation in relation to the other neighboring objects is high compared to the main reception lobe and that the control signals required for the beam shaping network (6) are based on a quality criterion from the antenna arrangement (5). received signals (y (t)) are derived. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als Gütekriterium die Maximierung des Verhältnisses von Nutzsignal- zu Störsignalleitung herangezogen wird, wobei das Nutzsignal das von denjenigen Objekten empfangene Signal ist, auf das die Hauptempfangskeule gerichtet sein sollte, und Störsignale die von anderen Objekten empfangene Signale sind, auf welche solche Bereiche des Richtdiagramms gerichtet sein sollten, die gegenüber der Hauptempfangskeule stark gedämpft sind.A method according to claim 2, characterized in
that the quality criterion used is maximizing the ratio of the useful signal to the interference signal line, the useful signal being the signal received by those objects to which the main receiving lobe should be directed, and interference signals being the signals received by other objects to which areas of the directional diagram should be directed, which are strongly damped compared to the main receiving lobe. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Antennenanordnung (5) verwendet wird, die aus mehreren Antennenelementen besteht, deren Ausgangssignale durch das Strahlformungsnetzwerk in Phase und/oder Amplitude steuerbar sind.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
that an antenna arrangement (5) is used, which consists of several antenna elements, the output signals of which can be controlled in phase and / or amplitude by the beam shaping network. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Erfassung der Ortsinformationen über die einzelnen Objekte (1) immer dann neu initiiert wird, wenn ein Objekt das vorgegebene Gebiet verläßt.A method according to claim 2, characterized in
that the detection of the location information about the individual objects (1) is always re-initiated when an object leaves the predetermined area. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daS die Erfassung der Ortsinformationen über die einzelnen Objekte (1) immer dann neu initiiert wird, wenn ein neues Objekt (1) in das vorgegebene Gebiet eintritt.A method according to claim 2, characterized in
that the acquisition of the location information about the individual objects (1) is always re-initiated when a new object (1) enters the specified area. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß für die Formung und Anpassung der Richtdiagramme auch Ortsinformationen von benachbarten Antennenanordnungen mit einbezogen werden.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
that location information from neighboring antenna arrangements is also included for the shaping and adaptation of the directional diagrams. Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche bei der Gebührenerfassung von Fahrzeugen (1), die sich auf einer ein- oder mehrspurigen Straße (2) fortbewegen, wobei die Fahrzeuge mit einer Einrichtung versehen sind, welche nach einer Aktivierung von außen eine Abbuchung der geforderten Gebühr von einer Scheckkarte veranlaßt und dann ein Quittungssignal aussendet, das von der Antennenanordnung (5) empfangen wird.Use of the method according to one of the preceding claims in the charging of vehicles (1) traveling on a single or multi-lane road (2), the vehicles being provided with a device which, after activation from outside, debits the required amount Fee caused by a check card and then sends out an acknowledgment signal that is received by the antenna arrangement (5). Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß für jede von mehreren Fahrspuren eine Antennenanordnung (5) vorhanden ist.Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in
that there is an antenna arrangement (5) for each of several lanes. Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Antennenanordnung (5) ein aus mehreren Fahrspuren bestehendes Gebiet (2) erfaßt.Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in
that an antenna arrangement (5) covers an area consisting of several lanes (2).
EP93110078A 1992-07-04 1993-06-24 Method for data transmission between a base station and mobile objects Expired - Lifetime EP0578060B1 (en)

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Cited By (7)

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EP0627717A1 (en) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and arrangement for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects
EP0689178A1 (en) * 1994-06-21 1995-12-27 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Device for receiving signals transmitted by moving objects in a predetermined region
WO1996014626A1 (en) * 1994-11-05 1996-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of determining a vehicle's position on a road
EP0713201A2 (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Device for locating a moving body having a response unit
FR2729226A1 (en) * 1995-01-11 1996-07-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING MOBILE TARGETS IN A RADAR UNIT MOUNTED IN A BASE STATION AND RADAR UNITS INSTALLED IN A BASE STATION AND A MOBILE STATION USED THEREWITH
US5940032A (en) * 1998-02-19 1999-08-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for calibrating a group antenna
CN111710155A (en) * 2020-05-21 2020-09-25 东莞数汇大数据有限公司 Method and system for analyzing congestion relationship between roads

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Cited By (12)

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EP0627717A1 (en) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and arrangement for wireless data exchange between a fixed station and moving objects
US5757285A (en) * 1993-06-01 1998-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for effecting a wireless exchange of data between a stationary station and moving objects
EP0689178A1 (en) * 1994-06-21 1995-12-27 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Device for receiving signals transmitted by moving objects in a predetermined region
WO1996014626A1 (en) * 1994-11-05 1996-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of determining a vehicle's position on a road
EP0713201A2 (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Device for locating a moving body having a response unit
EP0713201A3 (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-07-31 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Device for locating a moving body having a response unit
US5710556A (en) * 1994-11-18 1998-01-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Device for locating a moving body having a response unit
FR2729226A1 (en) * 1995-01-11 1996-07-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING MOBILE TARGETS IN A RADAR UNIT MOUNTED IN A BASE STATION AND RADAR UNITS INSTALLED IN A BASE STATION AND A MOBILE STATION USED THEREWITH
US5940032A (en) * 1998-02-19 1999-08-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for calibrating a group antenna
DE19806914A1 (en) * 1998-02-19 1999-09-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for calibrating a group antenna
DE19806914C2 (en) * 1998-02-19 2002-01-31 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for calibrating a group antenna
CN111710155A (en) * 2020-05-21 2020-09-25 东莞数汇大数据有限公司 Method and system for analyzing congestion relationship between roads

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DE59308461D1 (en) 1998-06-04
ATE165685T1 (en) 1998-05-15
ES2115698T3 (en) 1998-07-01
DK0578060T3 (en) 1999-01-11
EP0578060B1 (en) 1998-04-29

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