EP0436047A1 - Liquid jet printhead for ink jet printers - Google Patents
Liquid jet printhead for ink jet printers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0436047A1 EP0436047A1 EP90100037A EP90100037A EP0436047A1 EP 0436047 A1 EP0436047 A1 EP 0436047A1 EP 90100037 A EP90100037 A EP 90100037A EP 90100037 A EP90100037 A EP 90100037A EP 0436047 A1 EP0436047 A1 EP 0436047A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- liquid
- recording head
- liquid jet
- jet recording
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14016—Structure of bubble jet print heads
- B41J2/14032—Structure of the pressure chamber
- B41J2/1404—Geometrical characteristics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
- B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
- B41J2/055—Devices for absorbing or preventing back-pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2002/14379—Edge shooter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2002/14403—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads including a filter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2202/00—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet or thermal heads
- B41J2202/01—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet heads
- B41J2202/05—Heads having a valve
Definitions
- the invention relates to a liquid jet recording head for ink printing devices according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Known ink heads that work according to the thermal converter principle (bubble jet principle) and are described, for example, in DE-OS 30 12 698, have a large number of individual nozzles from which defined individual droplets are ejected under the action of an electronic control.
- a characteristic feature of this technology is that there is an electrical resistor in the form of a heating element in an ink-filled capillary near its opening. If a certain thermal energy is supplied to this heating element by means of a short current pulse, extremely rapid heat transfer to the ink (film boiling) first creates a rapidly expanding ink vapor bubble, which then collapses relatively quickly after the energy supply is lost by cooling the ink liquid. The pressure wave generated by the vapor bubble inside the capillaries causes an ink jet of limited mass to emerge from the nozzle opening onto the surface of a nearby recording medium.
- An advantage of this bubble jet principle is that by using the phase change liquid-gaseous-liquid of the ink liquid, the relatively large and rapid volume change necessary for ejection is obtained from a very small active transducer area (typically approx. 0.01 mm2) .
- the small converter areas in turn allow for use modern manufacturing processes, such as high-precision photolithographic processes in layer technology, a relatively simple and inexpensive construction of ink printheads, which are characterized by high density of traces and small dimensions.
- the refill of the nozzle takes place solely through the capillary force of the meniscus and takes up a relatively long period of time compared to the drop ejection. Due to the slow refill, the repetition frequency, also known as the spray frequency, is limited to values of a few KHz, because a new drop can only be emitted when the refill is finished.
- a liquid jet recording device with a recording head and with a liquid discharge opening for discharging liquid in a predetermined direction, a heating element and a heat-effective zone in which the thermal energy generated by the heating element acts on the liquid is known . It also has a liquid supply line for supplying liquid to the heat-effective zone and a control device for generating driver signals for the control of the heating element for ejecting the liquid in the predetermined direction.
- the direction of the liquid flowing from the liquid supply line into the heat-active zone differs from the direction of the liquid flowing from the heat-active zone to the liquid discharge opening.
- An effective abrupt change in pressure occurs in the direction of liquid ejection, thereby suppressing the transfer effect of the pressure change with respect to the liquid supply line based on the change in the state of the liquid within the heat-effective zone and which does not contribute to the ejection of the droplets.
- the invention has for its object to provide a liquid jet recording head for printing devices of the type mentioned, which allows a significantly increased recording speed with little design effort while maintaining the quality of the recording.
- the liquid only flows from the ink reservoir towards the outlet nozzle.
- the actuation of the valves i.e. the movement of a closure body which achieves the valve action is brought about by the onset of the flow process, so it does not require any external action.
- the flow of the ink liquid to the ink reservoir is effectively prevented, so that the time for refilling the ink channel (refill) is shortened and the working speed (spray frequency) can be increased.
- the efficiency of drop ejection i.e. increase the mass of the ink droplets and the ink droplet velocity.
- an ink channel 12 is connected to an ink reservoir 16, which is only indicated here.
- the ink channel 12 ends in a nozzle 15 facing a recording medium to be printed.
- An energy generating element in the form of a heating element 10 for generating thermal energy is arranged in the ink channel 12.
- the cross section of both the channel 12 itself and the nozzle 15 is rectangular. In the area of the nozzle opening, the channel 12 initially tapers steadily in order to then lead again with a constant width to the nozzle exit surface, so that a nozzle opening which is smaller than the channel width is formed.
- the liquid supply from the ink reservoir 16 into the ink channel 12 takes place via an inlet opening 19 which is also smaller than the cross-section of the ink channel 12 and is also rectangular in cross-section.
- a closure body 13 in the form of a disk is arranged in the ink channel 12.
- the height of this disk is adapted to the channel height (FIG. 1), the diameter of the disk is larger than the width of the inlet opening 19, but significantly smaller than the width of the ink channel 12 (FIG. 2).
- a separating web 18 is arranged in the ink channel 12, which on the one hand connects the top and bottom of the ink channel 12, but on the other hand is relatively narrow in relation to the width of the ink channel 12, so that ink liquid flows past it without major disturbances can.
- the separating web 18 has the task of limiting the movement of the cylindrical closure body (disk 13) in the direction of the nozzle opening to a level which makes it possible for ink liquid to enter the ink channel 12 from the ink reservoir 16 through the inlet opening 19 to let.
- the disc 13 can accordingly move freely between the inlet opening 19 and the separating web 18 serving as a stop in the liquid flow.
- FIG. 2 shows the position of the closure body 13 with expanding ink vapor bubble 11 in plan view.
- a small part of the energy released during the expansion of the vapor bubble causes the disk 13 to be pressed against the inlet opening 19, whereby further expansion of the ink vapor bubble in the direction of the ink reservoir 16 is prevented and only a liquid flow to the nozzle 15 is achieved.
- a larger part of the energy is thus usable for the ejection of ink droplets 17.
- the actuation of the locking device i.e. the movement of the disk 13 is brought about automatically by the onset of the flow process, so it does not require any external action.
- the ink vapor bubble 11 collapses again and thus pulls the meniscus 29 back from the nozzle exit surface (FIG. 2, lower part).
- the ink channel 12 is refilled by the capillary force of the meniscus.
- the disk 13 is moved away from the inlet opening 19 until it finally abuts the separating web 18 and releases the inlet opening 19 to the ink reservoir 16.
- the ink liquid can flow freely both past the disk 13 and the separating web 18.
- FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a closure body between heating element 10 and ink reservoir 16.
- a closure body in the form of a prismatoid is provided here.
- the inlet opening 19 is so be by sloping wall surfaces limits that the inlet opening widens towards the ink supply.
- Two separating webs 21 are provided between the heating element 10 and the inlet opening 19 as a movement limitation for the closure body. For the function and the geometric design of these separating webs 21 and their position in the ink channel 12, what has been said about the separating webs 18 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 applies accordingly.
- FIG. 3 again shows the conditions when the ink vapor bubble 11 expands, the lower part of FIG. 3 when the ink vapor bubble collapses and when the capillary is refilled.
- Such a configuration of the closure body 13 as a prismatoid in connection with the geometric shape of the inlet opening 19 ensures that the expansion body always comes into the desired position during expansion of the vapor bubble and thus closes the channel.
- closure bodies can be produced in a relatively simple manner in the course of the manufacture of the channel structure using thin-film technology and consist, for example, of photo-resist plastic, the same material as the channel wall itself.
- a further increase in efficiency and working speed can be achieved in that such a closure element is also arranged between the heating element and the nozzle.
- Both valves must be oriented so that they allow only liquid flow towards the nozzle. The valve on the nozzle side thus lets the liquid through when the vapor bubble expands; when the vapor bubble collapses, it prevents the meniscus from being pulled back, that is, air is drawn in.
- Figures 4 and 5 show plan views of ink channels with two closure bodies each.
- disks are provided as closure bodies 13, 130, of which the one, namely the disk 13 arranged in the area of the ink supply (area between the heating element and ink reservoir) corresponds in function, structure and position of the disk 13 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- a further disk 130 is provided in the area between the heating element 10 and the nozzle 15, the diameter of which is dimensioned somewhat smaller than the diameter of the disk 13.
- Two projections 20 projecting into the ink channel 12 in this area form a passage opening for the liquid, the width of which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the disk 130, so that this disk can close the passage opening 19 in a liquid-tight manner.
- a separating web 18 is provided in the ink channel 12 as a stop for the disk, which limits the movement of the disk when the ink vapor bubble is expanding.
- FIG. 6 shows a further possibility of simply arranging two closure bodies in the ink channel 12. These are designed in the form of valve flaps 14, 140 and are articulated at an acute angle with respect to the ink outlet direction on a channel wall, so that they protrude obliquely into the ink channel 12 and form a chamber 22 with a base of a parallelogram in which the heating element 10 lies.
- the closure flaps have an incision at their articulation point on the channel wall, which results in a cross-sectional taper and are therefore pivoted to a certain extent.
- the narrowing of the ink channel 12 in the nozzle area takes place asymmetrically in this example in such a way that the channel wall on which the valve flaps 14, 140 are articulated tapers continuously to a value that corresponds to a cross section that corresponds to the nozzle openings corresponding to the previous exemplary embodiments .
- the closure bodies 13, 130 are formed by flexible silicon or metal tongues which are clamped on one side and whose free ends rest against stops 23, 24 in the idle state.
- the ink channel 12 is thereby divided into a total of three chambers which are connected to one another via these movable tongues.
- the illustration in cross section shows on a substrate 25 which forms a wall of the ink channel 12, the heating element 10 which is arranged approximately in the middle of the ink channel between the ink reservoir and nozzle.
- This heating element lies in a chamber 120 which is closed on all sides within the ink channel 12 and which extends from the Substrate 25, a layer 26 applied directly to this substrate and the tongues 13, 130 serving as closure bodies is formed.
- the open tongues are shown in dashed lines in the illustration according to FIG.
- the further tongue 140 in the nozzle area which is fastened to the stop 24, is glued, for example, and its free end is open in the idle state layer 26 rests, bulges upward and allows ink liquid to emerge from chamber 120 into ink channel 12 and then through nozzle 15.
- this tongue 140 bulges downward until it rests on layer 26, thereby preventing the meniscus from being pulled back and air being drawn in.
- the tongue 14 arranged in the region of the ink reservoir 16 also bulges in the direction of the ink chamber 120 and thus allows ink liquid to flow into the chamber.
- the tongues can either be produced again using the known photo-resist technique or in other known methods of microstructure technology, for example by galvanic build-up or by anisotropic etching of silicon.
- FIG. 8 shows a further possible embodiment of the two closure bodies 13, 130 in the form of sealing flaps.
- the flaps projecting in pairs on opposite side walls of the ink channel 12 in the area of the ink supply and in the nozzle area symmetrically into the ink channel are parts of the corresponding channel wall and made of elastic material, so that they exert a valve effect for the liquid flow.
- the tips of the flaps open slightly so that liquid can pass through, while they shut off in a liquid-tight manner for flows in the opposite direction.
- the flaps can either be made entirely of elastic material or only the thin, free ends of the flaps are elastic, so that they act like sealing lips. That pair of sealing lips 130 which is arranged in the nozzle area according to FIG. 8 can also be used directly as the nozzle 15 itself. Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 9 in perspective.
- Two channels 12, 12 'lying directly next to one another are shown, which are separated from one another by a partition wall 28. This prevents unwanted crosstalk.
- the ink vapor bubble 11 expands, the ends of the pair of flaps 14 are pressed against one another and close the ink channel 12 in the direction of the ink reservoir 16, the ends of the pair of flaps 140 spread and droplet ejection 17 is effected.
- the sealing lips of the flap pair 140 are compressed, that of the flap pair 14 is opened so that ink liquid can flow into the ink channel 12 without air being drawn in through the nozzle opening 15.
- the invention was explained on the basis of a channel structure which has a rectangular cross section, but the arrangement of one or more automatically acting valves is not restricted to these geometric relationships.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Flüssigkeitsstrahlaufzeichnungskopf für Tintendruckeinrichtungen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a liquid jet recording head for ink printing devices according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bekannte Tintenschreibköpfe, die nach dem Thermalwandlerprinzip (Bubble-Jet-Prinzip) arbeiten und beispielsweise in der DE-OS 30 12 698 beschrieben werden, weisen eine Vielzahl von Einzeldüsen auf, aus denen unter Einwirkung einer elektronischen Steuerung definiert Einzeltröpfchen ausgestoßen werden. Charakteristisches Merkmal dieser Technologie ist, daß sich in einer mit Tinte gefüllten Kapillaren, und zwar in der Nähe ihrer Öffnung, ein als Heizelement ausgebildeter elektrischer Widerstand befindet. Wird diesem Heizelement bei Bedarf mittels eines kurzen Stromimpulses eine bestimmte Wärmeenergie zugeführt, entsteht durch äußerst schnelle Wärmeübertragung auf die Tinte (Filmsieden) zuerst eine sich rasch expandierende Tintendampfblase, die dann nach Wegfall der Energiezuführung durch Abkühlung der Tintenflüssigkeit relativ schnell in sich zusammenfällt. Die durch die Dampfblase im Inneren der Kapillaren entstehende Druckwelle läßt einen Tintenstrahl begrenzter Masse aus der Düsenöffnung auf die Oberfläche eines nahen Aufzeichnungsträgers austreten.Known ink heads that work according to the thermal converter principle (bubble jet principle) and are described, for example, in DE-OS 30 12 698, have a large number of individual nozzles from which defined individual droplets are ejected under the action of an electronic control. A characteristic feature of this technology is that there is an electrical resistor in the form of a heating element in an ink-filled capillary near its opening. If a certain thermal energy is supplied to this heating element by means of a short current pulse, extremely rapid heat transfer to the ink (film boiling) first creates a rapidly expanding ink vapor bubble, which then collapses relatively quickly after the energy supply is lost by cooling the ink liquid. The pressure wave generated by the vapor bubble inside the capillaries causes an ink jet of limited mass to emerge from the nozzle opening onto the surface of a nearby recording medium.
Ein Vorteil dieses Bubble-Jet-Prinzips ist der, daß durch Ausnutzung des Phasenwechsels flüssig-gasförmig-flüssig der Tintenflüssigkeit die zum Ausstoß notwendige, relativ große und schnelle Volumenänderung aus einer sehr kleinen aktiven Wandlerfläche (typisch ca. 0,01 mm²) gewonnen wird. Die kleinen Wandlerflächen wiederum erlauben bei Anwendung moderner Herstellungsverfahren, wie hochpräzise fotolithografische Verfahren in Schichttechnik, einen relativ einfachen und kostengünstigen Aufbau von Tintendruckköpfen, die sich durch hohe Schreibspurendichte und geringe Abmessungen auszeichnen.An advantage of this bubble jet principle is that by using the phase change liquid-gaseous-liquid of the ink liquid, the relatively large and rapid volume change necessary for ejection is obtained from a very small active transducer area (typically approx. 0.01 mm²) . The small converter areas in turn allow for use modern manufacturing processes, such as high-precision photolithographic processes in layer technology, a relatively simple and inexpensive construction of ink printheads, which are characterized by high density of traces and small dimensions.
Neben anderen Merkmalen eines solchen Schreibkopfes ist seine Geometrie, insbesondere die Ausgestaltung des Tintenkanals und der Düsen, sowie die Größe und Anordnung des Heizelementes im Tintenkanal maßgeblich für die Leistungsfähigkeit. Da die Dampfblase sowohl in Richtung der Düsenöffnung als auch in Richtung der Tintenzuführung expandiert, wird nur ein Teil der freigesetzten mechanischen Energie für den Tropfenausstoß nutzbar. Ein beträchtlicher Teil der Energie bewirkt eine Strörmung der Tintenflüssigkeit in Richtung des Tintenreservoirs, was auch Nachteile in bezug auf das Nachfüllverhalten von Kanal und Düse mit Tinte mit sich bringt. Die Tintendampfblase zieht beim Zusammenfallen den Meniskus an der Düsenöffnung stark zurück. Das Wiederauffüllen der Düse (Refill) erfolgt allein durch die Kapillarkraft des Meniskus und beansprucht eine relativ größe Zeitspanne im Vergleich zum Tropfenausstoß. Durch das langsame Refill wird die Wiederholfrequenz, auch als Spritzfrequenz bezeichnet, auf Werte von einigen KHz begrenzt, denn ein neuer Tropfenausstoß kann erst erfolgen, wenn das Refill beendet ist.In addition to other features of such a print head, its geometry, in particular the design of the ink channel and the nozzles, and the size and arrangement of the heating element in the ink channel are decisive for the performance. Since the vapor bubble expands both in the direction of the nozzle opening and in the direction of the ink supply, only a part of the mechanical energy released can be used for the drop ejection. A significant portion of the energy causes the ink liquid to flow toward the ink reservoir, which also has disadvantages with respect to the refill behavior of the channel and nozzle with ink. When the ink vapor bubble collapses, it pulls back the meniscus at the nozzle opening. The refill of the nozzle (refill) takes place solely through the capillary force of the meniscus and takes up a relatively long period of time compared to the drop ejection. Due to the slow refill, the repetition frequency, also known as the spray frequency, is limited to values of a few KHz, because a new drop can only be emitted when the refill is finished.
Aus der DE-0S 29 44 005 ist eine Flüssigkeitsstrahl-Aufzeichnungseinrichtung mit einem Aufzeichnungskopf und mit einer Flüssigkeitsausstoßöffnung zum Ausstoß von Flüssigkeit in eine vorgegebene Richtung, einem Heizelement und einer Wärme-Wirkzone, in der die vom Heizelement erzeugte Wärmeenergie auf die Flüssigkeit einwirkt, bekannt. Sie weist ferner eine Flüssigkeitszuleitungsstrecke zur Zufuhr von Flüssigkeit zu der Wärme-Wirkzone und eine Ansteuereinrichtung zur Erzeugung von Treibersignalen für die Ansteuerung des Heizelementes zum Ausstoß der Flüssigkeit in die vorgegebene Richtung auf. Die Richtung der von der Flüssigkeitszuleitungsstrecke in die Wärme-Wirkzone strömende Flüssigkeit unterscheidet sich dabei von der Richtung der aus der Wärme-Wirkzone zu der Flüssigkeitsausstoßöffnung strömenden Flüssigkeit. Mit einer solchen Anordnung lassen sich Wirkungsgrad und Gleichmäßigkeit des Flüssigkeitsausstoßes verbessern. In der Flüssigkeitsausstoßrichtung erfolgt eine effektive Übertragung einer abrupten Druckänderung, wodurch die auf der Zustandsänderung der Flüssigkeit innerhalb der Wärme-Wirkzone beruhende und keinen Beitrag für den Ausstoß der Tröpfchen liefernde Übertragungswirkung der Druckänderung in bezug auf die Flüssigkeitszuleitungsstrecke unterdrückt wird.From DE-0S 29 44 005 a liquid jet recording device with a recording head and with a liquid discharge opening for discharging liquid in a predetermined direction, a heating element and a heat-effective zone in which the thermal energy generated by the heating element acts on the liquid is known . It also has a liquid supply line for supplying liquid to the heat-effective zone and a control device for generating driver signals for the control of the heating element for ejecting the liquid in the predetermined direction. The direction of the liquid flowing from the liquid supply line into the heat-active zone differs from the direction of the liquid flowing from the heat-active zone to the liquid discharge opening. With such an arrangement, the efficiency and uniformity of the liquid discharge can be improved. An effective abrupt change in pressure occurs in the direction of liquid ejection, thereby suppressing the transfer effect of the pressure change with respect to the liquid supply line based on the change in the state of the liquid within the heat-effective zone and which does not contribute to the ejection of the droplets.
In der Literaturstelle "One-Dimensional Model of Bubble Growth and Liquid Flow in Bubble Jet Printers", Japanese Journal of applied physics, Vol. 26, No. 10, Oct. 1987, pages 1794-1801 ist eine Bubble-Jet-Tintendruckeinrichtung beschrieben, bei der die Expansion der Tintendampfblase in Richtung zum Tintenreservoir durch die dort vorhandene relativ große Masse an Tintenflüssigkeit verhindert wird. Diese Masse setzt der Expansion einen gewissen Widerstand aufgrund ihrer Trägheit und aufgrund ihrer wirkenden Zähigkeitskräfte entgegen.In the reference "One-Dimensional Model of Bubble Growth and Liquid Flow in Bubble Jet Printers", Japanese Journal of applied physics, Vol. 26, No. 10, Oct. 1987, pages 1794-1801 describes a bubble jet ink printing device in which the expansion of the ink vapor bubble in the direction of the ink reservoir is prevented by the relatively large mass of ink liquid present there. This mass offers a certain resistance to expansion due to its inertia and due to its acting toughness.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Flüssigkeitsstrahlaufzeichnungskopf für Druckeinrichtungen der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, der mit geringem konstruktiven Aufwand bei gleichbleibender Qualität der Aufzeichnung eine erheblich gesteigerte Aufzeichnungsgeschwindigkeit ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a liquid jet recording head for printing devices of the type mentioned, which allows a significantly increased recording speed with little design effort while maintaining the quality of the recording.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the features of patent claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous refinements and developments are characterized in the dependent claims.
Durch Anordnung mindestens eines selbsttätig wirkenden mechanischen Ventils im Tintenkanal wird erreicht, daß die Flüssigkeit nur vom Tintenreservoir in Richtung zu der Austrittsdüse strömt. Die Betätigung der Ventile, d.h. die Bewegung eines die Ventilwirkung erzielenden Verschlußkörpers wird dabei durch den einsetzenden Strömungsvorgang bewirkt, sie bedarf also keinerlei Einwirkung von außen. Die Strömung der Tintenflüssigkeit zum Tintenreservoir hin wird wirksam verhindert, so daß die Zeitspanne zum Wiederauffüllen des Tintenkanals (Refill) verkürzt ist und damit die Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit (Spritzfrequenz) erhöht werden kann.By arranging at least one automatic mechanical valve in the ink channel, it is achieved that the liquid only flows from the ink reservoir towards the outlet nozzle. The actuation of the valves, i.e. the movement of a closure body which achieves the valve action is brought about by the onset of the flow process, so it does not require any external action. The flow of the ink liquid to the ink reservoir is effectively prevented, so that the time for refilling the ink channel (refill) is shortened and the working speed (spray frequency) can be increased.
Außerdem läßt sich durch den Einsatz von deratigen Ventilen im Tintenkanal der Wirkungsgrad des Tropfenausstoßes, d.h. die Masse der Tintentröpfchen sowie die Tintentröpfchengeschwindigkeit erhöhen.In addition, by using such valves in the ink channel, the efficiency of drop ejection, i.e. increase the mass of the ink droplets and the ink droplet velocity.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert, wozu auf die Zeichnungen verwiesen wird. Dort zeigen
- Figur 1 und Figur 2 eine erste Ausführungsform für einen Verschlußkörper im Tintenkanal einer Flüssigkeitsstrahlaufzeichnungsvorrichtung im Querschnitt und in Draufsicht,
- Figur 3 ein weiteres Beispiel für die Ausgestaltung eines Verschlußkörpers in Draufsicht,
- Figur 4 bis Figur 8 Ausführungsformen von Kanälen eines Bubble-Jet-Druckkopfes mit zwei Verschlußkörpern und
- Figur 9 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Tintenkanals mit zwei Verschlußkörpern.
- 1 and 2 show a first embodiment for a closure body in the ink channel of a liquid jet recording device in cross section and in plan view,
- FIG. 3 shows another example of the configuration of a closure body in a top view,
- Figure 4 to Figure 8 embodiments of channels of a bubble jet print head with two closure bodies and
- Figure 9 is a perspective view of an ink channel with two closure bodies.
Gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2, in der das dem Flüssigkeitsstrahlaufzeichnungskopf zugrundeliegende Prinzip veranschaulicht ist, ist ein Tintenkanal 12 mit einem hier nur andeutungsweise dargestellten Tintenreservoir 16 verbunden. Der Tintenkanal 12 endet in einer, einem zu bedruckenden Aufzeichnungsträger zugewandten Düse 15. Im Tintenkanal 12 ist ein Energieerzeugungselement in Form eines Heizelementes 10 zur Erzeugung von Wärmeenergie angeordnet. Aus Gründen der Herstellungstechnologie solcher Bubble-Jet-Druckköpfe (Schichtaufbau) ist der Querschnitt sowohl des Kanals 12 selbst als auch der Düse 15 rechteckig. Im Bereich der Düsenöffnung verjüngt sich der Kanal 12 zunächst stetig, um dann wieder mit konstanter Breite bis zur Düsenaustrittsfläche zu führen, so daß eine gegenüber der Kanalbreite kleinere Düsenöffnung gebildet ist. Die Flüssigkeitszufuhr aus dem Tintenreservoir 16 in den Tintenkanal 12 erfolgt über eine gegenüber dem Querschnitt des Tintenkanals 12 kleinere Einlaßöffnug 19 ebenfalls rechteckigen Querschnitts. Zwischen dieser Einlaßöffnung 19 und der zum Tintenreservoir 16 zugewandten Stirnseite des Heizelementes 10 ist im Tintenkanal 12 ein Verschlußkörper 13 in Form einer Scheibe angeordnet. Die Höhe dieser Scheibe ist dabei der Kanalhöhe angepaßt (Figur 1), der Durchmesser der Scheibe ist größer als die Breite der Einlaßöffnung 19, aber deutlich geringer als die Breite des Tintenkanals 12 (Fig. 2). Zwischen dem Heizelement 10 und der Einlaßöffnung 19 ist im Tintenkanal 12 ein Trennsteg 18 angeordnet, der einerseits Unter- und Oberseite des Tintenkanals 12 verbindet, andererseits aber bezogen auf die Breite des Tintenkanals 12 relativ schmal ist, so daß Tintenflüssigkeit ohne größere Störungen an ihm vorbeifließen kann. Der Trennsteg 18 hat die Aufgabe, die Bewegung des zylindrischen Verschlußkörpers (Scheibe 13) in Richtung Düsenöffnung auf ein Maß zu begrenzen, das es ermöglicht, Tintenflüssigkeit vom Tintenreservoir 16 durch die Einlaßöffnung 19 in den Tintenkanal 12 eintreten zu lassen. Die Scheibe 13 kann sich demgemäß zwischen Einlaßöffnung 19 und dem als Anschlag dienenden Trennsteg 18 in der Flüssigkeitsströmung frei bewegen.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which the principle on which the liquid jet recording head is based is illustrated, an
Der obere Teil der Figur 2 zeigt die Lage des Verschlußkörpers 13 bei expandierender Tintendampfblase 11 in Draufsicht. Ein geringer Teil der bei der Expansion der Dampfblase frei gewordenen Energie bewirkt, daß die Scheibe 13 an die Einlaßöffnung 19 gedrückt wird, wodurch eine weitere Expansion der Tintendampfblase in Richtung Tintenreservoir 16 verhindert und nur eine Flüssigkeitsströmung zur Düse 15 hin erreicht wird. Damit wird ein größerer Teil der Energie für den Ausstoß von Tintentröpfchen 17 nutzbar. Die Betätigung der Verschlußeinrichtung, d.h. die Bewegung der Scheibe 13 wird durch den einsetzenden Strömungsvorgang selbsttätig bewirkt, bedarf also keiner Einwirkung von außen.The upper part of Figure 2 shows the position of the
Nach dem Tropfenausstoß fällt die Tintendampfblase 11 wieder zusammen und zieht damit den Meniskus 29 von der Düsenaustrittsfläche zurück (Figur 2, unterer Teil). Das Wiederauffüllen des Tintenkanals 12 erfolgt durch die Kapillarkraft des Meniskus. Dadurch wird die Scheibe 13 von der Einlaßöffnung 19 wegbewegt, bis sie schließlich am Trennsteg 18 anstößt und die Einlaßöffnung 19 zum Tintenreservoir 16 freigibt. Die Tintenflüssigkeit kann ungehindert sowohl an der Scheibe 13 als auch an dem Trennsteg 18 vorbeifließen.After the droplet ejection, the
Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für einen Verschlußkörper zwischen Heizelement 10 und Tintenreservoir 16 zeigt die Figur 3.FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a closure body between
Anstelle einer Scheibe 13 als Verschlußkörper ist hier ein Verschlußkörper in Form eines Prismatoiden vorgesehen. Entsprechend der Neigung der Seitenflächen des Primatoiden ist die Einlaßöffnung 19 durch schräge Wandflächen derart be grenzt, daß sich die Einlaßöffnung in Richtung Tintenzufuhr erweitert. Als Bewegungsbegrenzung für den Verschlußkörper sind zwischen dem Heizelement 10 und der Einlaßöffnung 19 zwei Trennstege 21 vorgesehen. Für die Funktion und die geometrische Ausgestaltung dieser Trennstege 21, sowie deren Lage im Tintenkanal 12 gilt das zu den Trennstegen 18 gemäß Figur 1 und 2 gesagte entsprechend.Instead of a
Der obere Teil der Figur 3 zeigt wiederum die Verhältnisse beim Expandieren der Tintendampfblase 11, der untere Teil der Figur 3 beim Zusammenfallen der Tintendampfblase und beim Wiederauffüllen der Kapillare. Durch eine solche Ausgestaltung des Verschlußkörpers 13 als Prismatoiden in Verbindung mit der geometrischen Gestalt der Einlaßöffnung 19 wird erreicht, daß bei der Expansion der Dampfblase der Verschlußkörper immer wieder in die Sollage gerät und damit den Kanal verschließt.The upper part of FIG. 3 again shows the conditions when the
Die Verschlußkörper können auf relativ einfache Weise im Zuge der Herstellung der Kanalstruktur in Dünnschichttechnik mit erzeugt werden und bestehen beispielsweise aus Photo-Resist-Kunststoff, demselben Material wie die Kanalwand selbst.The closure bodies can be produced in a relatively simple manner in the course of the manufacture of the channel structure using thin-film technology and consist, for example, of photo-resist plastic, the same material as the channel wall itself.
Durch die Verwendung solcher selbsttätig wirkender Ventile zwischen Heizelement und Tintenreservoir zum Verschluß des Kanalendes tritt eine starke Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades der Dampfblasenexpansion ein. Sowohl die Tropfenmasse als auch die Tropfengeschwindigkeit nehmen deutlich zu, wenn das Kanalende während der Blasenexpansion verschlossen wird.Through the use of such automatically acting valves between the heating element and the ink reservoir for closing the channel end, the efficiency of the vapor bubble expansion is greatly increased. Both the drop mass and the drop speed increase significantly if the channel end is closed during the bubble expansion.
Eine weitere Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades und der Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit läßt sich dadurch erreichen, daß auch zwischen Heizelement und Düse ein solches Verschlußelement angeordnet wird. Dabei müssen beide Ventile so orientiert sein, daß sie nur eine Flüssigkeitsströmung in Richtung zur Düse zulassen. Das Ventil an der Düsenseite läßt also bei der Expansion der Dampfblase die Flüssigkeit durch, beim Zusammenfallen der Dampfblase verhindert es, daß der Meniskus zurückgezogen wird, also Luft eingezogen wird.A further increase in efficiency and working speed can be achieved in that such a closure element is also arranged between the heating element and the nozzle. Both valves must be oriented so that they allow only liquid flow towards the nozzle. The valve on the nozzle side thus lets the liquid through when the vapor bubble expands; when the vapor bubble collapses, it prevents the meniscus from being pulled back, that is, air is drawn in.
Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen Draufsichten auf Tintenkanäle mit je zwei Verschlußkörpern. In Figur 4 sind als Verschlußkörper 13,130 Scheiben vorgesehen, von denen die eine, nämlich die im Bereich der Tintenzuführung (Bereich zwischen Heizelement und Tintenreservoir) angeordnete Scheibe 13 in Funktion, Aufbau und Lage der Scheibe 13 in Figur 1 und 2 entspricht. Zusätzlich ist im Bereich zwischen Heizelement 10 und Düse 15 eine weitere Scheibe 130 vorgesehen, deren Durchmesser etwas kleiner bemessen ist, als der Durchmesser der Scheibe 13. Zwei in diesem Bereich in den Tintenkanal 12 hineinragende Vorsprünge 20 bilden eine Durchlaßöffnung für die Flüssigkeit, deren Breite etwas geringer als der Durchmesser der Scheibe 130 ist, so daß diese Scheibe die Durchlaßöffnung 19 flüssigkeitsdicht abschließen kann. Außerdem ist im Tintenkanal 12 ein Trennsteg 18 als Anschlag für die Scheibe vorgesehen, der die Bewegung der Scheibe bei expandierender Tintendampfblase begrenzt.Figures 4 and 5 show plan views of ink channels with two closure bodies each. In FIG. 4 disks are provided as
Die Funktionen und die geometrische Ausgestaltung der beiden Verschlußkörper 13, 130 in der Figur 5 entspricht prinzipiell der Anordnung gemäß Figur 3 mit nur einem Ventil 13 und braucht daher nicht näher erläutert zu werden. Es muß lediglich dafür gesorgt werden, daß die schrägen Seitenwände der in den Tintenkanal 12 hineinragenden Vorsprünge 180 der Schräge der Seitenwände des als Prismatoiden ausgeführten Ventils 130 entsprechen, um einen flüssigkeitsdichten Verschluß zu erreichen.The functions and the geometric configuration of the two
In Figur 6 ist eine weitere Möglichkeit gezeigt, auf einfache Weise zwei Verschlußkörper in dem Tintenkanal 12 anzuordnen. Diese sind in Form von Ventilklappen 14,140 ausgebildet und sind in einem, bezogen auf die Tintenauslaßrichtung, spitzen Winkel an einer Kanalwand angelenkt, so daß sie schräg in den Tintenkanal 12 hineinragen und eine Kammer 22 mit einer Grundfläche eines Parallelogramms bilden, in der das Heizelement 10 liegt. Die Verschlußklappen weisen an ihrem Anlenkpunkt an der Kanalwand einen Einschnitt auf, wodurch sich eine Querschnittsverjüngung ergibt und sie deshalb in gewissem Grade schwenkbar gehaltert sind. Die Verengung des Tintenkanals 12 im Düsenbereich erfolgt in diesem Beispiel asymmetrisch in der Weise, daß sich diejenige Kanalwand, an der die Ventilklappen 14,140 angelenkt sind, stetig verjüngt bis zu einem Wert, der einem Querschnitt entspricht, der dem anhand der vorangegangenen Ausführungsbeispiele entsprechenden Düsenöffnungen entspricht.FIG. 6 shows a further possibility of simply arranging two closure bodies in the
Bei expandierender Tintendampfblase 11 wird die zwischen dem Tintenreservoir 16 und dem Heizelement 10 liegende Verschlußklappe 14 etwas entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn geschwenkt, wodurch sie an der dem Anlenkpunkt gegenüberliegenden Kanalwand zum Anliegen kommt und den Tintenkanal 12 in Richtung Tintenreservoir 16 abschließt. Die zwischen Heizelement 10 und Düse 15 liegende Ventilklappe 140 biegt sich etwas im Uhrzeigersinn, wodurch die Tintenflüssigkeit aus der Düse 15 ausgestoßen werden kann. Beim Zusammenfallen der Tintendampfblase 11 kann einerseits über die nun einen Spalt bildende Ventilklappe 14 Tintenflüssigkeit nachgesaugt werden und andererseits verhindert die Ventilklappe 140, daß der Meniskus zurückgezogen wird, und eventuell Luft eingezogen wird. Eine solche Anordnung der Ventilklappen könnte in einfacher Weise in der bekannten Photo-Resist-Technik hergestellt werden.When the
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 7 werden die Verschlußkörper 13,130 durch biegsame Silizium- oder Metallzungen gebildet, die einseitig eingespannt sind und deren freie Enden im Ruhezustand an Anschlägen 23,24 anliegen. Der Tintenkanal 12 ist dadurch in insgesamt drei Kammern unterteilt, die über diese beweglichen Zungen miteinander in Verbindung stehen.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, the
Die Darstellung im Querschnitt zeigt auf einem Substrat 25, welches eine Wandung des Tintenkanals 12 bildet, das etwa in der Mitte des Tintenkanals zwischen Tintenreservoir und Düse angeordnete Heizelement 10. Dieses Heizelement liegt dabei in einer allseitig geschlossenen Kammer 120 innerhalb des Tintenkanals 12, die vom Substrat 25, einer auf diesem Substrat unmittelbar aufgebrachten Schicht 26 und den als Verschlußkörper dienenden Zungen 13,130 gebildet wird. Die geöffneten Zungen sind in der Darstellung gemäß Figur 7 gestrichelt eingezeichnet. Eine weitere Schicht 27, die sich in einer Ebene parallel zum Substrat 25 erstreckt und die sich an den Anschlag 24 anschließt, deckt den Tintenkanal 12 nach oben ab. Beim Expandieren der Tintendampfblase wird die Zunge 13 nach oben gedrückt bis zum Anschlag 24 und verschließt den Tintenkanal 12 in Richtung Tintenreservoir 16. Die weitere Zunge 140 im Düsenbereich, die an dem Anschlag 24 befestigt ist, z.B. geklebt ist und deren freies Ende im Ruhezustand auf der Schicht 26 aufliegt, wölbt sich nach oben und läßt Tintenflüssigkeit aus der Kammer 120 in den Tintenkanal 12 und dann durch die Düse 15 austreten. Beim Zusammenfallen der Dampfblase wölbt sich diese Zunge 140 nach unten, bis sie wieder auf der Schicht 26 anliegt, wodurch verhindert wird, daß der Meniskus zurückgezogen wird und Luft eingezogen wird. Die im Bereich des Tintenreservoirs 16 angeordnete Zunge 14 wölbt sich ebenfalls in Richtung der Tintenkammer 120 und läßt damit Tintenflüssigkeit in die Kammer strömen.The illustration in cross section shows on a
Die Zungen lassen sich entweder wieder in der bekannten Photo-Resist-Technik oder in anderen bekannten Verfahren der Mikrostrukturtechnologie herstellen, beispielsweise durch galvanisches Aufbauen oder durch anisotropes Ätzen von Silizium.The tongues can either be produced again using the known photo-resist technique or in other known methods of microstructure technology, for example by galvanic build-up or by anisotropic etching of silicon.
Die Figur 8 zeigt eine weitere mögliche Ausgestaltung der beiden Verschlußkörper 13,130 in Form von Dichtklappen. Die paarweise an gegenüberliegenden Seitenwänden des Tintenkanals 12 im Bereich der Tintenzuführung und im Düsenbereich symmetrisch in den Tintenkanal vorspringenden Klappen sind Teile der entsprechenden Kanalwandung und aus elastischem Material, so daß sie für die Flüssigkeitsströmung eine Ventilwirkung ausüben. Für Flüssigkeitsströmung vom Tintenreservoir 16 in Richtung Düse 15 öffnen sich die Spitzen der Klappen etwas, so daß Flüssigkeit durchtreten kann, während sie für Strömungen in entgegengesetzter Richtung flüssigkeitsdicht absperren. Die Klappen können dabei entweder vollständig aus elastischem Material bestehen oder nur die dünnen, freien Enden der Klappen sind elastisch, so daß diese wie Dichtlippen wirken. Dasjenige Dichtlippenpaar 130, das gemäß Figur 8 im Düsenbereich angeordnet ist, kann auch unmittelbar als Düse 15 selbst verwendet werden. Eine solche Anordnung zeigt die Figur 9 in perspektivischer Darstellung.FIG. 8 shows a further possible embodiment of the two
Dabei sind zwei unmittelbar nebeneinanderliegende Kanäle 12, 12′ gezeigt, die durch eine Trennwand 28 voneinander abgetrennt sind. Dadurch wird unerwünschtes Nebensprechen verhindert. Bei Expansion der Tintendampfblase 11 werden die Enden des Klappenpaares 14 gegeneinandergedrückt und verschließen den Tintenkanal 12 in Richtung Tintenreservoir 16, die Enden des Klappenpaares 140 spreizen sich und ein Tröpfchenausstoß 17 wird bewirkt. Beim Zusammenfallen der Tintendampfblase 11 werden die Dichtlippen des Klappenpaares 140 zusammengedrückt, die des Klappenpaares 14 geöffnet, so daß Tintenflüssigkeit in den Tintenkanal 12 einströmen kann, ohne daß Luft durch die Düsenöffnung 15 eingezogen wird.Two
Die Erfindung wurde anhand einer Kanalstruktur erläutert, die rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist, die Anordnung eines oder mehrerer selbsttätig wirkender Ventile ist jedoch nicht auf diese geometrischen Verhältnisse beschränkt.The invention was explained on the basis of a channel structure which has a rectangular cross section, but the arrangement of one or more automatically acting valves is not restricted to these geometric relationships.
Claims (11)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in jedem Tintenkanal (12) mindestens ein durch die Strömung der Aufzeichnungsflüssigkeit selbsttätig wirkendes mechanisches Ventil (13,130,14,140) derart angeordnet ist, daß die Flüssigkeitsströmung in Richtung von der Tintenzuführung (16) zur Düsenöffnung (15) ermöglicht und in umgekehrter Richtung zumindest stark gehemmt wird.Liquid jet recording head for a printing device operating according to the thermal converter principle, which has a multiplicity of ink channels (12) which are connected to a common ink reservoir (16) for supplying recording liquid and which on the side facing a recording medium to be printed in nozzle opening (15 ), each ink channel (12) being assigned an individually controllable energy generating element (10) for ejecting individual droplets (17) from the nozzle openings (15),
characterized in that at least one mechanical valve (13, 130, 14, 140) acting automatically by the flow of the recording liquid is arranged in each ink channel (12) in such a way that the liquid flow in the direction from the ink supply (16) to the nozzle opening (15) and vice versa Direction is at least strongly inhibited.
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EP90100037A EP0436047A1 (en) | 1990-01-02 | 1990-01-02 | Liquid jet printhead for ink jet printers |
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EP90100037A EP0436047A1 (en) | 1990-01-02 | 1990-01-02 | Liquid jet printhead for ink jet printers |
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