DE19528629A1 - Operation of drive for hybrid vehicle - has motor speed automatically limited when used as sole prime mover, either by using current limitation or by decoupling engine - Google Patents

Operation of drive for hybrid vehicle - has motor speed automatically limited when used as sole prime mover, either by using current limitation or by decoupling engine

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Publication number
DE19528629A1
DE19528629A1 DE1995128629 DE19528629A DE19528629A1 DE 19528629 A1 DE19528629 A1 DE 19528629A1 DE 1995128629 DE1995128629 DE 1995128629 DE 19528629 A DE19528629 A DE 19528629A DE 19528629 A1 DE19528629 A1 DE 19528629A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
electric motor
speed
brake
drive
motor
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DE1995128629
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German (de)
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Priority to DE1995128629 priority Critical patent/DE19528629A1/en
Publication of DE19528629A1 publication Critical patent/DE19528629A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
    • B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2510/081—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/081—Speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

A hybrid drive for a vehicle has an IC engine as a primary energy source and an electric motor as a secondary one. In one operating regime, the IC engine can be decoupled and the motor used alone. In this regime, the motor speed is monitored and if above a certain threshold, automatic procedures are invoked to prevent further increase. One procedure is to reduce the motor current. Other procedures are to switch the motor into generator or braking mode, to recouple the IC engine, to activate a warning lamp saying "operate the brakes" and to activate automatic braking. The brakes have ABS and ASR.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridfahrzeuges mit einer Primär-Antriebsquelle, insbesondere einer Brennkraftmaschine und einem Elektromotor als sekundäre Antriebsquelle, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid vehicle with a primary drive source, in particular an internal combustion engine and an electric motor as a secondary drive source, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiges Hybridfahrzeug ist beispielsweise in der DE 44 36 383 A1 beschrieben. Dabei sind auf ein gemeinsames Schaltgetriebe einerseits ein Dieselmotor und andererseits ein Elektromotor geschaltet, die entweder alternativ oder gleichzeitig das Kraftfahrzeug antreiben. Über den Elektro­ motor kann dabei zugleich durch entsprechende Drehzahlverarbeitung und Gangerfassung eine Synchronisierung der zu schaltenden Getriebegänge bewirkt werden.Such a hybrid vehicle is for example in DE 44 36 383 A1 described. On the one hand, there is a common manual transmission Diesel engine and on the other hand, an electric motor that switched either alternatively or simultaneously drive the motor vehicle. About the electro motor can at the same time by appropriate speed processing and Gear capture a synchronization of the gear gears to be shifted be effected.

Eine Eigenheit des nur elektromotorischen Antriebes ist dessen Ge­ räuschlosigkeit, die zur Erzielung einer verschleißarmen und verbrauchs­ günstigen Fahrweise die Bedienungsperson vermehrt zur Beobachtung des ggf. vorhandenen Drehzahlmessers zwingt. Dem steht jedoch oft die Ver­ kehrssituation oder andere ablenkende Einflüsse gegenüber.A peculiarity of the only electric motor drive is its Ge noiselessness, to achieve a low wear and consumption favorable driving style the operator increasingly to observe the possibly existing tachometer forces. However, the Ver opposite situation or other distracting influences.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei einem Hybridfahrzeug der gattungsge­ mäßen Art insbesondere den nur elektromotorischen Betriebsbereich zu verbessern.The object of the invention is in a hybrid vehicle of the genus In particular, the only electromotive operating range improve.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den weiteren Patentansprüchen entnehmbar.This object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1 solved. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the further claims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Drehzahl des Elektromotors überwacht wird und daß oberhalb einer definierten Drehzahlschwelle auto­ matisch Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Überdrehzahlen des Elektromo­ tors gesteuert werden. Die Maßnahmen können dabei entweder ein Zurück­ fahren der Stromversorgung des Elektromotors über den Stromregler und/oder ein Umsteuern des Elektromotors als Generator oder Bremse und/oder ein Ankuppeln der Brennkraftmaschine als zusätzliche Bremse und/oder schließlich ein Ansteuern der Betriebsbremse des Kraftfahrzeuges sein.According to the invention it is proposed that the speed of the electric motor is monitored and that above a defined speed threshold auto  matically measures to avoid overspeed of the electromo tors are controlled. The measures can either go back drive the power supply of the electric motor via the current regulator and / or a reversal of the electric motor as a generator or brake and / or coupling the internal combustion engine as an additional brake and / or finally actuating the service brake of the motor vehicle be.

So kann beispielsweise im elektromotorischen Betrieb beim Einfahren in ein Gefälle vermieden werden, daß durch relativ schnellen Drehzahlanstieg der ohnehin schnell drehende Elektromotor überdreht wird, ohne daß die Bedie­ nungsperson akustisch vorgewarnt und dementsprechend reagieren kann. Steigt die Drehzahl des Elektromotors beispielsweise auf dessen definierte Höchstdrehzahl an, so kann unabhängig von der Leistungsanforderung (Gaspedalstellung) durch die Bedienungsperson zunächst die Stromver­ sorgung zurückgeregelt, anschließend der Elektromotor als Bremse geschal­ tet werden und sofern dies nicht ausreicht, um die Drehzahlschwelle zu hal­ ten, als nächster Schritt die Brennkraftmaschine angekuppelt und als Brem­ se betrieben und/oder automatisch die Betriebsbremse des Kraftfahrzeuges betätigt werden. Die Ansteuerung der Betriebsbremse kann bevorzugt durch Ansteuerung eines vorhandenen Anti-Blockier-Systems der Betriebsbremse oder eines Anti-Schlupf-Systems mit Bremseneingriff der Antriebssteuerung bewerkstelligt werden.For example, in electromotive operation when entering a vehicle Gradients can be avoided by the relatively rapid increase in speed anyway fast rotating electric motor is turned without the operator can be warned acoustically and react accordingly. If the speed of the electric motor increases, for example, to its defined one Maximum speed, so regardless of the power requirement (Accelerator pedal position) by the operator first the power supply supply regulated back, then the electric motor as a brake formwork tet and if this is not sufficient to halve the speed threshold as the next step, the internal combustion engine is coupled and as a brake operated and / or automatically the service brake of the motor vehicle be operated. The service brake can preferably be activated by Activation of an existing anti-lock system of the service brake or an anti-slip system with brake intervention by the drive control be accomplished.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Drehzahlüberwachung zur einer Geschwindigkeitsregelung erweitert werden, so daß nicht nur die Höchst­ drehzahl des Elektromotors, sondern auch frei definierbare Betriebsdrehzah­ lschwellen einstellbar und entsprechend überwachbar sind. Dabei kann es angezeigt sein, die Betriebsdrehzahlschwellen nur durch Stromregelung zu halten, während bei Erreichen der definierten Höchstdrehzahl die weiteren Bremsmaßnahmen automatisch eingeleitet werden.In a development of the invention, the speed monitoring can be used for one Cruise control can be expanded so that not only the maximum speed of the electric motor, but also freely definable operating speed Oil thresholds are adjustable and can be monitored accordingly. It can be indicated, the operating speed thresholds only by current control hold while the others reach when the defined maximum speed is reached Braking measures are initiated automatically.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist im folgenden mit weiteren Einzel­ heiten näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt ein Blockschaltbild eines Hybrid­ antriebes für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Antriebseinheit mit einem Verbren­ nungsmotor und einem Elektromotor und Einrichtungen zum Steuern der Drehzahl des Elektromotors. An embodiment of the invention is in the following with further details explained in more detail. The drawing shows a block diagram of a hybrid Drive for a motor vehicle with a drive unit with a combustion voltage motor and an electric motor and devices for controlling the Speed of the electric motor.  

Der dargestellte Hybridantrieb setzt sich im wesentlichen zusammen aus ei­ nem Verbrennungsmotor 10, einer elektrohydraulischen Trennkupplung 12, einem Geschwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe 14 und einem Elektromotor 16, die der besseren Darstellung wegen in Abschnitte geteilt gezeichnet sind, tatsächlich aber zu einer Antriebseinheit zusammengebaut sind.The hybrid drive shown is composed essentially of egg nem internal combustion engine 10 , an electro-hydraulic clutch 12 , a speed change gear 14 and an electric motor 16 , which are drawn into sections for better illustration, but are actually assembled to form a drive unit.

Der Verbrennungsmotor 10 kann z. B. ein direkt einspritzender Turbodie­ selmotor sein, dessen an die Kurbelwelle angeflanschte Schwungscheibe 18 Teil der als Schwungnutzautomatik ausgeführten Trennkupplung 12 mit ei­ ner hydraulischen Betätigung - bestehend aus einer hydraulischen Nehmer­ zylinder 20 und einer Hydraulikeinheit 22 mit Pumpe, Steuerventilen, Druck­ speicher, etc. - und einer Steuerelektronik 24 ist.The internal combustion engine 10 can e.g. B. be a direct-injection Turbodie selmotor, the flywheel flanged to the crankshaft 18 part of the separating clutch 12 designed as a flywheel automatic with egg ner hydraulic actuation - consisting of a hydraulic slave cylinder 20 and a hydraulic unit 22 with pump, control valves, pressure accumulator, etc. - And a control electronics 24 is.

Die Trennkupplung 12 ist mit der Antriebswelle 26 des Wechselgetriebes 14 verbunden, dessen Abtriebswelle 28 ein Antriebsritzel 30 für den nicht näher dargestellten Achsantrieb bzw. das Differential 32 für den Antrieb der Vor­ derräder 34 des Kraftfahrzeuges trägt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind wie er­ sichtlich über eine nicht dargestellte Schaltbetätigung vier Gangstufen I-IV bzw. Übersetzungen des Wechselgetriebes 14 schaltbar. Es könnte aber auch ein stufenloses CVT-Getriebe oder ein Stufenautomat verwendet sein.The clutch 12 is connected to the drive shaft 26 of the change gear 14 , the output shaft 28 carries a drive pinion 30 for the axle drive (not shown) or the differential 32 for driving the front wheels 34 of the motor vehicle. In the exemplary embodiment, four gear stages I-IV or gear ratios of the change-speed transmission 14 can be shifted visibly via a shift actuation (not shown). However, a continuously variable CVT transmission or a stepped automatic machine could also be used.

Der Elektromotor 16, ein Drehstrom-Synchronmotor mit relativ geringem Massenträgheitsmoment wirkt über eine Zahnrad-Vorgelegestufe 36 ohne Zwischenschaltung einer Kupplung direkt auf das andere Ende der Antriebs­ welle 26 des Wechselgetriebes 14. Die Vorgelegestufe 36 könnte beispiels­ weise bei einem Fünf-Gang Wechselgetriebe unmittelbar durch den fünften Gang gebildet sein, bei vier Nutzgängen.The electric motor 16 , a three-phase synchronous motor with a relatively low moment of inertia acts via a gear stage 36 without the interposition of a clutch directly on the other end of the drive shaft 26 of the change gear 14th The countershaft 36 could, for example, be formed directly by the fifth gear in a five-speed change gear, with four useful gears.

Der Elektromotor 16 ist an eine Stromversorgungseinheit 38 mit Batterien 40 und einer Stromregeleinheit 42 angeschlossen und kann als Antriebsmotor, als Generator zum Aufladen der Batterien 40 bei verbrennungsmotorischen Betrieb, im Leerlauf und schließlich als Synchronisator für das Wechselge­ triebe 14 arbeiten.The electric motor 16 is connected to a power supply unit 38 with batteries 40 and a current control unit 42 and can work as a drive motor, as a generator for charging the batteries 40 in internal combustion engine operation, at idle and finally as a synchronizer for the gearbox 14 .

Der Elektromotor 16 kann dabei mittels eines Betriebsartenschalters 44 auf nur Elektroantrieb geschaltet werden, wobei dessen Antriebsleistung dann über das Gaspedal 46 und die Stromregelungseinheit 42 gesteuert wird. The electric motor 16 can be switched to an electric drive only by means of an operating mode switch 44 , the drive power of which is then controlled via the accelerator pedal 46 and the current control unit 42 .

Beim Umschalten auf Betrieb mit Verbrennungsmotor 10 kann der Elektro­ motor 16 als Generator betrieben werden, sofern die Batterien 40 regene­ riert werden, andernfalls kann der Elektromotor 16 im Leerlauf mitbetrieben oder kurzfristig zur Erhöhung der Antriebsleistung als zusätzliche Antriebs­ quelle wirken.When switching to operation with internal combustion engine 10 , the electric motor 16 can be operated as a generator, provided the batteries 40 are regenerated, otherwise the electric motor 16 can be operated at idle or act as an additional drive source for a short time to increase the drive power.

Sobald über die nicht dargestellte Schaltbetätigung des Wechselgetriebes 14 eine Gangänderung i eingeleitet wird - dies wird von der Steuerelektronik 24 der Trennkupplung 12 durch in die Schaltbetätigung integrierte elektri­ sche Schalter und/oder Potentiometer erkannt - wird die Trennkupplung 12 ausgerückt und zugleich der Elektromotor 16 als Synchronisator aktiviert. Dabei berechnet die Steuerelektronik des Stromreglers 42 anhand von Drehzahlsignalen n der Abtriebswelle 28 und von Gangsignalen i des zu schaltenden Ganges des Wechselgetriebes 14 die erforderliche Solldreh­ zahl der Antriebswelle 26, vergleicht diese mit einem lst-Drehzahlsignal und steuert über die Stromregeleinheit 42 ein positive oder negative Beschleuni­ gung des Elektromotors 16 zur Erzielung eines Synchronlaufes der zu schaltenden Übersetzungsstufe.As soon as a gear change i is initiated via the shift actuation of the change-speed transmission 14 ( not shown) - this is recognized by the control electronics 24 of the disconnect clutch 12 by electrical switches and / or potentiometers integrated in the shift actuation - the disconnect clutch 12 is disengaged and at the same time the electric motor 16 as a synchronizer activated. In this case, calculates the electronic control of the current controller 42 based on speed signals n the output shaft 28 and of transition signals i of the to be switched gear of the transmission 14 paid the required target rotation of the drive shaft 26, compares it with an actual speed signal and controls via the current control unit 42 is a positive or negative Acceleration of the electric motor 16 to achieve synchronous operation of the gear ratio to be switched.

Ferner wird über die Steuerelektronik der Stromregelungseinheit 42 aus den Signalen i und n ständig die Drehzahl des Elektromotores 16 überwacht. Wird im elektromotorischen Betrieb eine definierte Drehzahlschwelle des Elektromotors 16 erreicht, so wird die Stromversorgung des Elektromotors 16 begrenzt bzw. zurückgefahren, um einem Überschreiten dieser Drehzahl­ schwelle entgegenzuwirken.Furthermore, the speed of the electric motor 16 is continuously monitored via the control electronics of the current control unit 42 from the signals i and n. If a defined speed threshold of the electric motor 16 is reached in electromotive operation, the power supply to the electric motor 16 is limited or reduced in order to counteract this speed threshold being exceeded.

Reicht diese erste Maßnahme nicht aus, so wird in einem weiteren Schritt über die Stromregelungseinheit 42 der Elektromotor 16 als Generator bzw. Bremse geschaltet. Diese Schaltung kann auch in Intervallen zur Erzeugung einer Stotterbremse erfolgen, um die Aufmerksamkeit der Bedienungsperson zu wecken.If this first measure is insufficient, in a further step the electric motor 16 is switched as a generator or brake via the current control unit 42 . This switching can also take place at intervals for generating a stuttering brake in order to draw the operator's attention.

Reicht auch diese Maßnahme nicht aus, beispielsweise weil das Hybridfahr­ zeug ein Gefälle passiert, so wird als weitere Bremse der Turbodieselmotor 10 durch Schließen der Trennkupplung 12 an die Antriebseinheit angekup­ pelt.If this measure is also insufficient, for example because the hybrid driving tool passes a slope, the turbo diesel engine 10 is coupled as a further brake to the drive unit by closing the separating clutch 12 .

Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird über die Steuerelektronik der Stromrege­ lungseinheit 42 die Steuerelektronik 48 eines nicht näher dargestellten ABS- Bremssystems angesteuert und über letztere die Betriebsbremse 50 des Kraftfahrzeuges betätigt, wobei diese Betätigung gleitend zur Einhaltung der definierten Drehzahlschwelle des Elektromotors 16 und eines komfortablen ruckfreien Fahrverhalten erfolgt.Alternatively or additionally, the control electronics 48 of an ABS brake system (not shown in more detail) is actuated via the control electronics of the current control processing unit 42 and the service brake 50 of the motor vehicle is actuated via the latter, this actuation being carried out smoothly in order to maintain the defined speed threshold of the electric motor 16 and a comfortable jerk-free driving behavior .

Ferner kann ein in der Funktion ähnlich einer Geschwindigkeitsregelanlage auf bestimmte Geschwindigkeiten setzbarer Schalter 52 vorgesehen sein, der im nur elektromotorischem Betrieb auch Drehzahlschwellen des Elek­ tromotors 16 unterhalb der Höchstdrehzahlschwelle setzen kann, wobei die Steuerelektronik der Stromregelungseinheiten 42 dann automatisch und ohne erforderliche Betätigung des Gaspedales 46 diese Geschwindigkeit bzw. Drehzahlschwelle einregelt. Zweckmäßigerweise werden die Maßnah­ men zur Bremsung des Hybridfahrzeuges unabhängig von der gesetzten Drehzahlschwelle bei Erreichen der Höchstdrehzahlschwelle aktiviert.Furthermore, a function 52 similar to a speed control system can be set to certain speeds switch 52 , which can also set speed thresholds of the electric motor 16 below the maximum speed threshold in only electromotive operation, the control electronics of the current control units 42 then automatically and without the required actuation of the accelerator pedal 46 regulates this speed or speed threshold. The measures for braking the hybrid vehicle are expediently activated regardless of the set speed threshold when the maximum speed threshold is reached.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridfahrzeuges mit einer Primär-An­ triebsquelle, insbesondere einer Brennkraftmaschine, und einem Elek­ tromotor als sekundäre Antriebsquelle, wobei in einem Betriebsbereich die Brennkraftmaschine abkuppelbar und der Elektromotor als alleinige Antriebsquelle wirkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest in diesem Betriebsbereich der Elektromotor (16) drehzahlüberwacht ist und daß oberhalb einer definierten Drehzahlschwelle automatisch Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Überdrehzahlen des Elektromotors gesteuert wer­ den.1. A method of operating a hybrid vehicle with a primary drive source, in particular an internal combustion engine, and an electric motor as a secondary drive source, the internal combustion engine being disconnectable in an operating area and the electric motor acting as the sole drive source, characterized in that at least in this operating area Electric motor ( 16 ) is speed monitored and that above a defined speed threshold automatically measures to avoid overspeed of the electric motor who controlled the. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem er­ sten Drehzahlverminderungsstatuts die Stormversorgung des Elektromo­ tors (16) zurückgefahren wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a most speed reduction statute, the power supply of the electromotive gate ( 16 ) is reduced. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in ei­ nem weiteren Drehzahlverminderungsstatus der Elektromotor (16) als Generator oder Bremse geschaltet wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in egg nem further speed reduction status the electric motor ( 16 ) is switched as a generator or brake. 4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß in einem weiteren Drehzahlverminderungsstatus die Brennkraftmaschine (10) eingekuppelt wird.4. The method according to one or more of claims 1-3, characterized in that the internal combustion engine ( 10 ) is coupled in a further speed reduction status. 5. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-4, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß in einem weiteren Drehzahlverminderungsstatus eine Warnleuchte "Bremse betätigen" oder eine automatische Bremsung über die Betriebsbremse (50) generiert wird.5. The method according to one or more of claims 1-4, characterized in that a warning light "operate the brake" or an automatic braking via the service brake ( 50 ) is generated in a further speed reduction status. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebs­ bremse (50) über ein elektronisches System (48) mit Bremseneingriff (ABS, ASR, etc.) generiert wird. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the service brake ( 50 ) via an electronic system ( 48 ) with brake intervention (ABS, ASR, etc.) is generated. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der definierten Drehzahlschwelle weitere Drehzahlschwellen über einen Ge­ schwindigkeitsregler setzbar und über den Stromregler (42) regelbar sind.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that below the defined speed threshold, further speed thresholds can be set via a speed controller and can be regulated via the current controller ( 42 ).
DE1995128629 1995-08-04 1995-08-04 Operation of drive for hybrid vehicle - has motor speed automatically limited when used as sole prime mover, either by using current limitation or by decoupling engine Withdrawn DE19528629A1 (en)

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EP1153783A3 (en) * 2000-05-10 2005-11-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle control system including accelerator pedal sensor failure diagnosis
EP1205330A3 (en) * 2000-11-13 2005-09-21 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Control device of transmission for hybrid vehicle
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EP1991439A2 (en) * 2006-02-21 2008-11-19 Zero Emission Systems, Inc. Electric traction
EP1991439A4 (en) * 2006-02-21 2009-12-23 Zero Emission Systems Inc Electric traction
US7921945B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2011-04-12 Clean Emissions Technologies, Inc. Vehicular switching, including switching traction modes and shifting gears while in electric traction mode
US8668035B2 (en) 2006-03-14 2014-03-11 Clean Emissions Technologies, Inc. Electric traction system and method
US9457792B2 (en) 2006-03-14 2016-10-04 Clean Emissions Technologies, Inc. Retrofitting a vehicle drive train
US7921950B2 (en) 2006-11-10 2011-04-12 Clean Emissions Technologies, Inc. Electric traction retrofit
FR2914259A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-03 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Gear ratio changing or disengaging method for hybrid vehicle, involves controlling clutch such that heat engine transmits compensation torque to main shaft via clutch, when electric machine introduces parasite torque in degraded mode
US8565969B2 (en) 2007-04-03 2013-10-22 Clean Emissions Technologies, Inc. Over the road/traction/cabin comfort retrofit
US9707861B2 (en) 2008-03-19 2017-07-18 Clean Emissions Technologies, Inc. Data acquisition for operation of a vehicle
US9758146B2 (en) 2008-04-01 2017-09-12 Clean Emissions Technologies, Inc. Dual mode clutch pedal for vehicle
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