DE102014004901A1 - Apparatus, method and computer program for drilling curved holes - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention includes an apparatus, a method, and a computer program for drilling curved holes. The material processing apparatus comprises a rotationally drivable material processing section, a connection section serving for connection to a rotary drive and a drive train extending between the connection section and the material processing section, by means of which a drive torque is transferable from the connection section to the material processing section, the drive train being interposed between the rigid portion of the connecting portion and the material processing portion is arranged curvedly extending.

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a special drill with which it is possible to make curved holes.

State of the art

Curved holes are well known in the macroscopic, such. For example, in the development of fossil fuels. Here there are special drilling systems ("Directional Drilling"), in which the direction of the drill head can be steered ¹ . This allows z. B. an oil reservoir at a depth of 10 km from the side and exploit.

Even in smaller dimensions such. In surgery, for example, methods for introducing curved holes in bone are already on the market ² , but there is only one supplier without competition, ie the need is obviously low. For drilling curved holes in wood, there is a solution to the art drill, but for the niche market home improvement ³ .

From the prior art, the drilling apparatus of A. Erich is known, with which it is possible to drill curved holes, for. B. the smoke hole at the bottom of a pipe bowl. A. Erich has in the magazine for Drechsler, 1885 p. 110 indicated an apparatus in which instead of the gut string the flexible transmission wave of Stow (1876 222 · 111) is used:
"The flexible shaft b is guided in a steel sheet tube a, which is bent after the curve to be drilled. The shaft b is soldered with one end into the drill bit by a nut thread catching c, while the other end is easily pushed through a brass sleeve. The drill chuck c loosely runs in a small brass bushing which reinforces the free end of the pipe. The other end of the tube is mounted in a sleeve which is carried by a booklet. The brass sleeve d rotates easily in the pipe end, which sits in the sleeve. The sleeve d is cut longitudinally so that the ends emerging from the tube a somewhat spring. The attachment of the shaft b in the sleeve d is done by attaching the two-piece drive roller g by the same the resilient. Ends of the sleeve d is compressed on the shaft b.

In use of the tool, the cord of an ordinary rotary arc, such as is needed for small spindles, is inserted in the track of the roller g and the drill bit is pressed steadily against the drilling material while working back and forth with the bow. The tube a leads the drill as the hole progresses and thus one can also spiral holes u. Like. Drill, if the pipe a has received the appropriate form. "

Out AT 508 891 A4 2011-05-15 a tool for drilling curved holes is known, wherein a flexible shaft lies in a curved guide tube, which corresponds in its curvature of the curvature of the borehole, which connects the drive with the drill head. The use of this tool is particularly in the field of surgery.

Out US 4,541,423 A For example, a tool for drilling curved holes is known, wherein the guide tube is made of a material that can be bent manually. Also in this application, the drive via a flexible shaft.

Out US 4,265,231 A for example, there is provided a drilling tool for producing a curved bore including a drill head, a curved hollow cylindrical shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, and a shaft received in the shaft having a proximal coupling element for connecting the shaft to a drive and a distal coupling element for connecting the shaft to the drill head.

A generic tool is among others in US 4,265,231 respectively. US 5,017,057 disclosed.

Out WO 2011 113078 there is known a tool for drilling curved boreholes, comprising a boring head connected to one end of a flexible shaft, and a guide tube bent around the flexible shaft, corresponding to the curvature of the borehole, with a bearing at the distal end for supporting the boring head, and means for connection to a drive disposed at the other end of the flexible shaft. According to claim 20, a rinsing device is provided, via which rinsing liquid can be conveyed through the guide tube to the drill head. In this way, the removed material can be removed and the drill head cooled and lubricated.

Flexible shafts have the disadvantage that they can transmit only low torques, which are particularly dependent on the diameter of the shaft and the direction of rotation. In the range of diameters of the flexible shaft below 2 mm, there are currently no suppliers. In addition, the maximum speeds are limited upwards, z. For example, at a diameter of 3 mm, a maximum of 25,000 RPM.

Disadvantages which the invention is intended to remedy

• – Übertragung von höheren Drehmomenten vom Antrieb auf den Bohrkopf
• – Einsatz des Spezialbohrers zur Bohrung gekrümmter Löcher in Verbindung mit CNC-Maschinen und damit die Bereitstellung entsprechender Computerprogramme
• – Einsatz des Spezialbohrers zur Bohrung gekrümmter Löcher in Bereichen, bei denen der Durchmesser des gekrümmten Bohrloches < 3 mm ist.

The following disadvantages are eliminated by the invention:

• - Transfer of higher torques from the drive to the drill head
• - Use of the special drill for drilling curved holes in conjunction with CNC machines and thus the provision of appropriate computer programs
• - Use of the special drill for drilling curved holes in areas where the diameter of the curved hole is <3 mm.

Previous attempts at solution

For drilling curved holes in hard materials such as alloys or silicates, no solutions available on the market were found

Object of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a device, a method and a computer program for drilling curved holes, in particular for the transmission of high torques and high speeds at small borehole diameters. Ideally, the drills should be used on CNC machines. The application should also be possible in the area of difficult-to-process materials, such as CoCr alloys, silicate ceramics (lithium silicate, lithium disilicate, etc.) or oxide ceramics.

• 1. gemäß Anspruch 1 der Antrieb des Materialbearbeitungsbereiches, der insbesondere von einem Bohrkopf gebildet ist, durch getriebeartige Antriebsteile (z. B. Achsen mit Kegelradantrieb etc.) oder gemäß Anspruch 2 durch eine biegsame Welle oder gemäß Anspruch 3 mittels Fluidantrieb oder Druckluftantrieb erfolgt;
• 2. insbesondere der Durchmesser des starren gebogenen Schaftabschnittes der Vorrichtung, insbesondere des Bohrers, einen Druckmesser aufweist, der auch kleiner als 3 mm sein kann;
• 3. insbesondere ein Computerprogramm bereit gestellt wird, sodass die Vorrichtung insbesondere der Bohrer, auf einer CNC-Maschine eingesetzt werden kann.
• 4. insbesondere Zu- und Abflusskanäle für Kühlschmiermittel und Bohrspäne vorhanden sind.

This object is achieved in that

• 1. according to claim 1, the drive of the material processing area, which is in particular formed by a drill head, by gear-like drive parts (eg, axles with bevel gear etc.) or according to claim 2 by a flexible shaft or according to claim 3 by means of fluid drive or compressed air drive;
• 2. In particular, the diameter of the rigid curved shaft portion of the device, in particular of the drill, has a pressure gauge, which may also be less than 3 mm;
• 3. In particular, a computer program is provided, so that the device, in particular the drill, can be used on a CNC machine.
• 4. In particular inlet and outlet channels for cooling lubricant and drilling chips are available.

Components of the technology:

1. Curved drill as a material processing device

The curved drill is primarily characterized in that the curvature of the drill exactly corresponds to a segment of a circular arc. The drill consists of a rigid curved outer sheath (= drill shank) which is hollow and whose inner lumen serves to accommodate the gear-like structures or the flexible shaft, which transmits the forces from the drive part to the drill / grinder head at the drive far end. The drill / grinder head can be designed either with defined cutting geometries or with an undefined grinder geometry (eg diamond coating). In a preferred form, the geometry of the drill / grinder head is hemispherical in shape. Ideally, the drill / grinder head is replaceable. This interchangeability can be accomplished for example by a threaded connection with the distal drive part.

Furthermore, channels for the supply of cooling lubricant and / or the removal of chips or grinding dust can be integrated into the drill. The channels for the supply of the cooling lubricant can either be closed within the drill shank, or designed as semi-open channels on the outer surface of the drill shank. Furthermore, the drill at the drive-near end shows a geometric design in the sense of an anti-rotation geometry, which attaches to the drive part and prevents co-rotation of the curved drill. For an automatic tool change z. B. by means of pneumatic tool changing system, the CNC machine automatically record the curved drill with anti-rotation geometry and position so that the Antirotationsgeometrie in the provided notches on the drive unit (= milling spindle) engages and so the -Rotieren the curved drill shank is prevented.

2. Method and computer program for producing curved holes by means of CAD / CAM technology

According to the invention, a grinding or drilling program is provided, which makes it possible to make the curved bore by means of a CNC machine. The program calculates the feed and the rotation paths and provides an NC file, which during the drilling process the feeds in the linear axes (X-, Y- and Z-axis) and simultaneously simultaneously the rotations of the rotation axes (A- or B -Axis) controls. At the end of the drilling process, the linear and rotary axes are controlled in the reverse order. In principle, it is possible to actuate the drill bit both in left-hand and clockwise directions.

Features of the curved drill:

• – Die Krümmung des Bohrers bildet ein Kreissegment mit dem kleineren inneren Radius R1 und dem größeren äußeren Radius R2. Der Durchmesser D_Bohrerschaft des Bohrerschaftes ergibt sich aus:

• – Die Kreissegmente für den kleineren inneren Radius R1 und den größeren Radius R2 gehen vom gleichen Kreismittelpunkt aus.

The curved drill has the following features:

• The curvature of the drill forms a circle segment with the smaller inner radius R1 and the larger outer radius R2. The diameter D _{drill shank of} the drill shank results from:

• - The circle segments for the smaller inner radius R1 and the larger radius R2 start from the same center of the circle.

• – Der gekrümmte kann mit Kühlkanälen versehen werden, sodass durch diese Kühlschmiermittel an die Bohrer-/Fräserspitze gelangt und damit eine Überhitzung des Bohrer-/Schleiferkopfes sowie des Werkstückes verhindert werden kann.
• – Der gekrümmte Bohrer kann mit Abflusskanälen versehen werden, sodass durch diese die Bohrspäne/das Bohrmehl abtransportiert werden kann.

The diameter of the drill tip (D _{drill tip} ) must be greater than the diameter of the drill shank (D _{drill shank} ), so that there is no jamming of the curved drill during the drilling process.

• - The curved can be provided with cooling channels, so passes through these cooling lubricant to the drill / Fräserspitze and thus overheating of the drill / grinder head and the workpiece can be prevented.
• - The curved drill can be provided with drainage channels, so that by these the Bohrspäne / the Bohrmehl can be removed.

Drive the material processing section, in particular the drill head, by means of compressed air or fluid pressure

In a further embodiment, it is possible not to operate the device by means of flexible shaft or gear-like drive, but with the aid of compressed air or fluid pressure. The supply of compressed air / pressure fluid can be done by the curved shaft portion. At the distal end of the shank portion, in particular the drill shank, is located within the shank portion of a turbine wheel, which is rotatably mounted and converts the applied pressure (air / liquid) into kinetic energy. The turbine wheel can be designed, for example, as a paddle wheel. Furthermore, the turbine wheel is connected to a material processing section, in particular the drill / grinder head, so that the kinetic drive energy is transmitted from the turbine wheel to the drill / grinder head. The cheapest is the power transmission directly without intermediate gear. But it is also a transmission or reduction by a transmission possible. The storage of the turbine wheel can be done, for example air bearing. There are also plain bearings, needle roller bearings or ball bearings with steel balls possible. For very high speeds ceramic ball bearings are ideally suited. The propellant / propellant can either be returned within the drill shank or escape at the drill / grinder head and serve to cool the drill / grinder head and workpiece.

In a further embodiment, the drive system can form a self-contained circuit, beipsielsweise in the sense of an oil pressure drive. In this case, located at the distal end of the drill shank within the drill shank a turbine wheel, which is rotatably mounted and converts the applied oil pressure (air / liquid) into kinetic energy. The pressure is generated within the drill shank by an impeller which is moved by a drive axle and driven by a system / motor external to the drill shank.

The invention will be explained by way of example with reference to the drawing.

It shows:

1 shows the lateral section through a curved drill with gear drive

2 shows the lateral section through a curved drill with drive by means of flexible shaft

3 shows the lateral section through a curved drill with compressed air / hydraulic fluid drive

4 shows the lateral section through a curved drill with self-contained hydraulic fluid drive

Drawings:

Drawing no. 1:

Drawing No. 1 shows that the lateral section through a curved drill with gear drive. The inner bend ( 1 ) of the curved drill shank is determined by the radius of the smaller circle (= R ₁ ) defined from the circle center (M), the outer bend ( 2 ) of the curved drill shank ( 3 ) is determined by the radius of the larger circle (= R ₂ ), which is also defined by the same circle center (M). Furthermore, the internal gear is shown, which is made up of the following parts: shaft ( 4 ) with bevel gear at one end and connection geometry ( 5 ) for connection to a clamping system (here HSK polygon clamping system) and the drive spindle ( 12 ), Shaft with double bevel gear ( 6 ), Gear intermediate piece ( 7 ) with inside in each case negative bevel gear toothing, a gearbox end piece ( 8th ) with inward, negative Bevel gear toothing on the drill / sanding head ( 9 ) clever finish. The drill / grinder head ( 9 ) is shown in the drawing no. 1 by way of example as a diamond grinding with hemisphere geometry. The drill / grinder head ( 9 ) is shown interchangeable in the drawing, wherein this is screwed onto the Getriebeendstück. Furthermore, the tool clamping device ( 11 ) (here exemplified polygon clamping system with HSK holder) and the drive unit (= milling spindle) ( 12 ). So that the curved drill shank undergoes no rotational movement during the drilling process, it must be provided with an anti-rotation geometry ( 10 ), which, for example, on the housing of the drive spindle ( 12 ) is supported so that no rotational movement is possible.

Drawing no. 2:

Drawing No. 2 shows the lateral section through a curved drill with drive by means of flexible shaft ( 13 ). The inner bend ( 1 ) of the curved drill shank is determined by the radius of the smaller circle (= R ₁ ) defined from the circle center (M), the outer bend ( 2 ) of the curved drill shank ( 3 ) is determined by the radius of the larger circle (= R ₂ ), which is also defined by the same circle center (M). Further drive is shown with flexible shaft, which is composed of the following parts: flexible shaft ( 13 ) with bearings at the drive-near end ( 14 ) and connection geometry ( 5 ) for connection to a clamping system (here HSK polygon clamping system) and the drive spindle ( 12 ), flexible shaft distal bearing ( 15 ) on the drill / sanding head ( 9 ) clever finish. The drill / grinder head ( 9 ) is shown in the drawing no. 1 by way of example as a diamond grinding with hemisphere geometry. The drill / grinder head ( 9 ) is shown replaceable in the drawing, wherein this on the Getriebeendstück ( 8th ) is screwed on. Furthermore, the tool clamping device ( 11 ) (here exemplified polygon clamping system with HSK holder) and the drive unit (= milling spindle) ( 12 ). So that the curved drill shaft does not undergo any rotational movement during the drilling process, it must be provided with an anti-rotation geometry ( 10 ), which, for example, on the housing of the drive spindle ( 12 ) is supported so that no rotational movement is possible.

Drawing No. 3:

Drawing No. 3 shows the lateral section through a curved drill with compressed air / hydraulic fluid drive. The drill / grinder head ( 9 ) is shown in the drawing no. 3 by way of example as a diamond grinding with hemisphere geometry. The drill / grinder head ( 9 ) is shown interchangeably in the drawing, wherein this on the connector ( 19 ) to the turbine wheel ( 16 ) is screwed on. Furthermore, the supply of compressed air / hydraulic fluid ( 17 ) and the return of the compressed air / hydraulic fluid ( 18 ).

Drawing No. 4:

Drawing No. 4 shows the lateral section through a curved drill with self-contained hydraulic fluid drive. The drill / grinder head ( 9 ) is shown in the drawing no. 4 by way of example as a diamond grinding with hemisphere geometry. The drill / grinder head ( 9 ) is shown interchangeably in the drawing, wherein this on the connector ( 19 ) to the turbine wheel ( 16 ) is screwed on. Furthermore, the supply of pressure fluid ( 17 ) and the return of the hydraulic fluid ( 18 ). The impeller ( 20 ) is driven by the drive axle ( 21 ).

Considered patents:

• 1. AT 508 891 A4 2011-05-15
• Second US 4,541,423 A
• Third US 4,265,231 A
• 4th US 5,017,057
• 5th WO 2011 113078

Literature and other sources:

• 1. http://www.bakerhughes.de/download/Bohrtechnik-dt-120.pdf
• Second http://www.biomet.com/sportsmedicine/productDetail.cfm?category=23&subCategory=36&product=12
• Third www.1-2-do.com/knowledge/Bowing wood and wood-based materials
• 4th http://dingler.culture.hu-berlin.de/journal/page/pj258?p=00000079
• 5th www.suhner.com
• 6th Wikipedia: Turbine dentistry

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Inside bend of curved drill

2

External bending of the curved drill shank

3

Curved drill shank

4

Shaft with tapered edge at one end and connection geometry at the other end

5

Connection geometry for connection to a clamping system

6

Shaft with bevel gear on both sides

7

Gearbox adapter with double-sided negative bevel gear on both sides

8th

Getriebeendstück

9

Drill / sanding head

10

Anti-rotation geometry

11

Tool clamping device

12

Drive unit (= milling spindle)

13

Flexible shaft

14

Bend of the flexible shaft at the drive close end

15

Flexible shaft distal bearing

16

turbine

17

Supply of compressed air / hydraulic fluid

18

Return of compressed air / hydraulic fluid

19

Connector to the turbine wheel

20

impeller

21

drive axle

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• AT 508891 A4 [0006, 0033]
• US 4541423 A [0007, 0033]
• US 4,265,231 A [0008, 0033]
• US 4265231 [0009]
• US 5017057 [0009, 0033]
• WO 2011113078 [0010, 0033]

Cited non-patent literature

• A. Erich has in the journal for Drechsler, 1885 p. 110 [0004]

Claims (5)

A material processing apparatus comprising a rotatably drivable material processing section, a connection section for connection to a rotary drive, and a drive train extending between the connection section and the material processing section, by which a drive torque is transferable from the connection section to the material processing section, the drive train being located in between Connecting portion and the material processing portion is arranged curved curved rigid shaft portion, characterized in that the drive train is located within the shaft portion ( 3 ) extending kinematic chain having at least two rigid linear members ( 4 . 6 ) formed at their ends by Wälzgelenke ( 7 ) are in rotary connection with each other. A material processing apparatus comprising a rotatably drivable material processing section, a connection section for connection to a rotary drive, and a drive train extending between the connection section and the material processing section, by which a drive torque is transferable from the connection section to the material processing section, the drive train being located in between Connecting portion and the material processing portion is arranged curved curved rigid shaft portion, characterized in that the drive train extending within the shaft portion of a flexible shaft ( 13 ) having. A material processing apparatus comprising a rotatably drivable material processing section, a connection section for connection to a rotary drive, and a drive train extending between the connection section and the material processing section, by which a drive torque is transferable from the connection section to the material processing section, the drive train being located in between Connecting portion and the material processing portion curved extending rigid shaft portion is arranged, characterized in that the drive train is a fluid drive ( 16 to 20 ) having. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connection area ( 10 ) for connection to a drive spindle ( 12 ) is formed of a computer-controlled machine tool. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the machine tool by one of their axes according to the curvature of the shank portion ( 3 ) controlling program is controlled.

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