DE102009040598A1 - Battery module for electric vehicle, has battery packs comprising multiple cells and arranged in closed housing, and impact energy absorbing element arranged at housing and made of plastic deformable material and fiber-reinforced plastic - Google Patents

Battery module for electric vehicle, has battery packs comprising multiple cells and arranged in closed housing, and impact energy absorbing element arranged at housing and made of plastic deformable material and fiber-reinforced plastic Download PDF

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DE102009040598A1
DE102009040598A1 DE102009040598A DE102009040598A DE102009040598A1 DE 102009040598 A1 DE102009040598 A1 DE 102009040598A1 DE 102009040598 A DE102009040598 A DE 102009040598A DE 102009040598 A DE102009040598 A DE 102009040598A DE 102009040598 A1 DE102009040598 A1 DE 102009040598A1
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battery module
housing
energy absorbing
impact energy
battery
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DE102009040598A
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German (de)
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Michael Bogner
Raphael Dr. Fischer
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2306/00—Other features of vehicle sub-units
    • B60Y2306/01—Reducing damages in case of crash, e.g. by improving battery protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The module (3) has battery packs (2) comprising multiple cells (1) and arranged in a closed housing (3a). An impact energy absorbing element (8) is arranged at the housing and designed as a belt. The impact energy absorbing element is made of a plastic deformable material i.e. aluminum foam, and tearable fiber-reinforced plastic. The housing is made of aluminum, and a reinforcer (5) is arranged between the battery packs, where the energy absorbing element co-ordinates with the reinforcer. A holder (4) is provided for detachably holding the module at a vehicle.

Description

Die gegenwärtige Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriemodul für ein zumindest teilweise mit elektrischer Energie betreibbares Fahrzeug. Die gegenwärtige Erfindung betrifft insbesondere ein Batteriemodul für ein zumindest teilweise mit elektrischer Energie betreibbares Fahrzeug, wobei das Batteriemodul mehrere Batteriepacks mit jeweils mehreren Einzelzellen umfasst und im Wesentlichen in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse angeordnet ist.The present invention relates to a battery module for a vehicle operable at least partially with electrical energy. In particular, the present invention relates to a battery module for a vehicle operable at least partially with electrical energy, wherein the battery module comprises a plurality of battery packs each having a plurality of individual cells and is arranged substantially in a closed housing.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Fahrzeug, das mit elektrischer Energie betreibbar und in dem mindestens ein erfindungsgemäßes Batteriemodul angeordnet ist.Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle which is operable with electrical energy and in which at least one battery module according to the invention is arranged.

Aufgrund der aktuellen Situation bezüglich CO2 Emissionen und Ressourcenverknappung werden E-Fahrzeuge zukünftig verstärkt an Bedeutung gewinnen. Die Batterie als Energiespeicher ist eine Schlüsselkomponente im Falle der elektrischen Mobilität. Für die Herstellung von Batteriemodulen werden mehrere Einzelzellen zu einem Gesamtmodul konfektioniert. Die Spannung des gesamten Batteriemoduls beträgt üblicherweise zwischen 300 und 400 Volt, demnach werden zwischen 80 und 100 Einzelzellen zu einem Batteriemodul konfektioniert. Wird das Batteriemodul im Falle eines Unfalls mechanisch beschädigt, besteht im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Fahrzeugbatterien aufgrund des hohen Gewichts des gesamten Batteriemoduls eine erhebliche Verletzungsgefahr für Fahrzeuginsassen und Rettungskräfte.Due to the current situation regarding CO 2 emissions and scarcity of resources, e-vehicles will increasingly gain in importance in the future. The battery as energy storage is a key component in the case of electric mobility. For the production of battery modules, several individual cells are assembled into a total module. The voltage of the entire battery module is usually between 300 and 400 volts, therefore, between 80 and 100 individual cells are assembled into a battery module. If the battery module is mechanically damaged in the event of an accident, there is a significant risk of injury to vehicle occupants and rescue teams compared to conventional vehicle batteries due to the heavy weight of the entire battery module.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass Autobatterien herkömmlicher Bauart mittels Schellen befestigt werden. Nachteilig dabei ist, dass Schellen für die hohe Masse eines Elektro-Fahrzeugs (E-Fahrzeugs) nicht ausreichend sicher und stabil sind. Herkömmliche Schellen sind daher zur Befestigung von schweren Batteriemodulen unge-eignet.From the prior art it is known that automotive batteries of conventional design are fixed by means of clamps. The disadvantage here is that clamps for the high mass of an electric vehicle (e-vehicle) are not sufficiently safe and stable. Conventional clamps are therefore unsuitable for the attachment of heavy battery modules.

Einerseits muss also eine hinreichende mechanische Festigkeit gewährleistet sein, um das Batteriemodul sicher im Fahrzeug zu verankern. Andererseits sollte das Gewicht des Batteriemoduls möglichst gering sein, um den Energieverbrauch gering zu halten und die Geschwindigkeitsleistung des Fahrzeugs nicht zu verringern. Es entsteht daher ein Zielkonflikt aus Festigkeit und Gewicht.On the one hand, therefore, a sufficient mechanical strength must be ensured in order to securely anchor the battery module in the vehicle. On the other hand, the weight of the battery module should be as low as possible in order to keep energy consumption low and not to reduce the speed performance of the vehicle. There is therefore a conflict of objectives of strength and weight.

Das deutsche Patent DE 10 2004 051 336 B4 offenbart ein Fahrzeug mit einer selbsttragenden Karosseriestruktur. Die Struktur ist aus einer steifen Zelle und mehreren Energie absorbierenden Elementen aufgebaut. Sich gegeneinander abstützende Fahrzeugaggregate und die Energie absorbierenden Elemente bilden wenigstens einen von der Struktur unabhängigen Lastpfad aus. Zumindest ein Energie absorbierendes Element wird verformt, bevor ein Fahrzeugaggregat des Lastpfades verformt wird.The German patent DE 10 2004 051 336 B4 discloses a vehicle with a self-supporting body structure. The structure is made up of a rigid cell and several energy absorbing elements. Supporting vehicle assemblies and the energy absorbing elements form at least one load path independent of the structure. At least one energy absorbing element is deformed before a vehicle aggregate of the load path is deformed.

Die deutsche Patentanmeldung DE 10 2007 038 140 A1 offenbart ein Fahrzeug mit einer Karosserie und einem Energieversorgungssystem, beispielsweise Batterien umfassend. Zumindest eine zur Energieversorgung aktiv beitragende Komponente des Energieversorgungssystems ist als Trägerteil der Karosserie ausgebildet und/oder als Energieabsorptionselement bei einer Krafteinwirkung auf das Fahrzeug in die Karosserie eingebunden.The German patent application DE 10 2007 038 140 A1 discloses a vehicle having a body and a power supply system, including batteries. At least one component of the energy supply system actively contributing to the energy supply is embodied as a carrier part of the body and / or integrated into the body as an energy absorption element when a force is applied to the vehicle.

Das U.S.-Patent 6,648,090 B2 offenbart eine Anordnung zur Befestigung einer Fahrzeugbatterie mit einer Batterie-Befestigungsbasis, die zur Befestigung der Batterie dient und an einem Boden in einem rückwärtigen Teil eines Fahrzeugkörpers (Karosserie) vorgesehen ist. Ein hinterer Aufhängungs-Querträger erstreckt sich seitlich über das Fahrzeug unterhalb des Bodens und somit örtlich entfernt von der Batterie. Die Batterie-Befestigungsbasis ist innerhalb eines Bereiches des Bodens angeordnet, der in der Draufsicht dem Ort des Aufhängungs-Querträgers entspricht. Durch den großen und mit großer Steifigkeit ausgestatten Aufhängungs-Querträger ist der Bereich des Bodens, der sich mit dem Aufhängungs-Querträgers überlappt, verstärkt, so dass eine Deformierung des Bereichs des Bodens, in dem die Batterie-Befestigungsbasis zum Tragen der Batterie vorgesehen ist, verhindert bzw. verringert wird.The U.S. Patent 6,648,090 B2 discloses an arrangement for attaching a vehicle battery to a battery mounting base, which serves to secure the battery and is provided on a floor in a rear part of a vehicle body. A rear suspension cross member extends laterally over the vehicle below the ground and thus remote from the battery. The battery mounting base is disposed within a portion of the floor corresponding in plan to the location of the suspension cross member. Due to the large and high rigidity suspension cross member, the area of the floor overlapping with the suspension cross member is strengthened, so that deformation of the area of the floor in which the battery mounting base is provided for supporting the battery is increased. is prevented or reduced.

Das U.S.-Patent 6,905,138 B2 offenbart ein Fahrgestell eines Fahrzeugs mit Aufprallenergie absorbierenden Bereichen, die beispielsweise eine Aluminiumwabe, einen Polymerschaum oder ein Metallrohr umfassen. Die Aufprallenergie absorbierenden Bereiche können zwischen einer Seitenkante des Fahrgestells und einem freien Raum angeordnet sein, der keine weiteren Elemente des Fahrzeugs aufweist. Die Bereiche schützen so das Fahrgestell vor Beschädigung durch einen Unfall.The U.S. Patent 6,905,138 B2 discloses a chassis of a vehicle having impact energy absorbing regions comprising, for example, an aluminum honeycomb, a polymeric foam or a metal tube. The impact energy absorbing regions may be disposed between a side edge of the chassis and a free space having no other elements of the vehicle. The areas thus protect the chassis from being damaged by an accident.

Die europäische Patentanmeldung EP 0 676 818 A1 offenbart eine Batterieschutzeinrichtung gegen Temperaturveränderungen mit einem metallischen Behälter, der wiederum einen Isolierstoffbehälter aus Polyurethanschaum enthält.The European patent application EP 0 676 818 A1 discloses a battery protection device against temperature changes with a metallic container, which in turn contains a polyurethane foam insulating container.

Die deutsche Patentanmeldung DE 31 41 278 A1 offenbart ein Elektrofahrzeug, mit einem Hochtemperatur-Batteriemodul, das in einem Gehäuse mit einer thermischen Isolierung angeordnet ist. Das Gehäuse ist aus mindestens zwei Gehäuseteilen aufgebaut.The German patent application DE 31 41 278 A1 discloses an electric vehicle having a high temperature battery module disposed in a housing with thermal insulation. The housing is made up of at least two housing parts.

Die deutsche Patentanmeldung DE 10 2007 019 803 A1 offenbart einen Rahmen zur Aufnahme eines variabel gestalteten variablen Batteriekastens (Gehäuse), insbesondere für ein Elektrofahrzeug. Der Rahmen umfasst einen vorderen, mittleren und einen hinteren Rahmenabschnitt. Die drei Rahmenabschnitte bilden zusammen genommen eine käfigartige Struktur aus, die die Aufnahme des variabel gestalteten Batteriekastens in variabler Anordnung in zumindest zwei Richtungen ermöglicht. Als weiterer Vorteil wird genannt, dass die käfigartige Struktur eine hohe Stabilität, eine hohe Steifigkeit und eine gleichmäßigere Massenverteilung bietet, so dass bei einem Unfall eine erhöhte Sicherheit gegeben ist.The German patent application DE 10 2007 019 803 A1 discloses a frame for receiving a variably shaped variable battery box (housing), in particular for a Electric vehicle. The frame includes front, middle and rear frame sections. The three frame sections taken together form a cage-like structure, which allows the recording of the variably shaped battery box in a variable arrangement in at least two directions. Another advantage is that the cage-like structure offers high stability, high rigidity and a more uniform mass distribution, so that increased safety is provided in the event of an accident.

Aufgabe der gegenwärtigen Erfindung ist, ein gewichtsoptimiertes Batteriemodul in einem Gehäuse für ein zumindest teilweise mit elektrischer Energie betreibbares Fahrzeug anzugeben, wobei das Batteriemodul bei einem Unfall hinreichend mechanisch fest gesichert ist und Beschädigungen des Batteriemoduls reduziert.Object of the present invention is to provide a weight-optimized battery module in a housing for a vehicle operable at least partially with electrical energy, wherein the battery module is sufficiently mechanically secured in an accident and reduces damage to the battery module.

Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Batteriemodul gelöst, das die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 umfasst.The object is achieved by a battery module comprising the features of claim 1.

Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, ein gewichtsoptimiertes Fahrzeug anzugeben, das durch mindestens ein Batteriemodul mit elektrischer Energie betreibbar ist, wobei das mindestens eine Batteriemodul des Fahrzeugs bei einem Unfall hinreichend mechanisch fest gesichert ist und Beschädigungen der Batteriemodule reduziert sind.A further object of the invention is to provide a weight-optimized vehicle which can be operated by at least one battery module with electrical energy, wherein the at least one battery module of the vehicle is sufficiently mechanically secured in an accident and damage to the battery modules are reduced.

Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Fahrzeug gelöst, das die Merkmale des Anspruchs 10 umfasst.The object is achieved by a vehicle comprising the features of claim 10.

Das erfindungsgemäße Batteriemodul ist für ein zumindest teilweise mit elektrischer Energie betreibbares Fahrzeug geeignet. Das Batteriemodul umfasst, wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, mehrere Batteriepacks mit jeweils mehreren Einzelzellen. Zudem ist das Batteriemodul im Wesentlichen in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse angeordnet. Erfindungsgemäß wird in das Batteriemodul des Weiteren mindestens ein Aufprallenergie absorbierendes Element integriert, das am und/oder im Gehäuse angeordnet ist. Bei einem Unfall werden diese Elemente plastisch deformiert oder zumindest teilweise zerstört, und die Batteriepacks und Einzelzellen sowie mögliche weitere Bestandteile des Batteriemoduls werden nicht oder nur geringer deformiert und/oder örtlich verschoben verglichen damit, wenn kein Aufprallenergie absorbierendes Element vorhanden ist. Die erfindungsgemäßen Elemente nehmen also die Aufprallenergie der Einzelzellen und Batteriepacks auf bzw. die Aufprallenergie der Einzelzellen und Batteriepacks sowie sonstiger Bestandteile des Batteriemoduls werden auf die Energie absorbierenden Elemente umgelenkt.The battery module according to the invention is suitable for a vehicle which can be operated at least partially with electrical energy. The battery module comprises, as known from the prior art, a plurality of battery packs each having a plurality of individual cells. In addition, the battery module is arranged substantially in a closed housing. According to the invention, at least one impact energy absorbing element, which is arranged on and / or in the housing, is integrated into the battery module. In the event of an accident, these elements are plastically deformed or at least partially destroyed, and the battery packs and single cells as well as possible other components of the battery module are not or only slightly deformed and / or displaced locally compared to when no impact energy absorbing element is present. The elements according to the invention thus absorb the impact energy of the individual cells and battery packs or the impact energy of the individual cells and battery packs as well as other components of the battery module are deflected onto the energy-absorbing elements.

Der Begriff „energieabsorbierend” bezieht sich im Folgenden stets auf das Absorbieren von Aufprallenergie. Für das Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element sind unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen denkbar. Wichtig ist hierbei stets die werkstoffgerechte Ausführung und Integration der die Aufprallenergie absorbierenden Elemente in das Batteriemodulgehäuse. Es ist von besonderer Bedeutung für die Erfindung, dass das Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element selbst leicht ist und dabei ein Höchstmaß an Aufprallenergie aufnimmt.The term "energy absorbing" in the following always refers to the absorption of impact energy. For the impact energy absorbing element different embodiments are conceivable. Important here is always the material-compatible design and integration of the impact energy absorbing elements in the battery module housing. It is of particular importance to the invention that the impact energy absorbing element itself be lightweight while absorbing the highest amount of impact energy.

In einer Ausführungsform ist das mindestens eine Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element ein Gürtel, der außen und/oder innen mit dem Gehäuse verbunden ist. Solch ein Gürtel ist beispielsweise dann geeignet, wenn das Gehäuse eine regelmäßige Form aufweist, beispielsweise in Form eines Quaders. Solch ein Gürtel kann sowohl innen als auch außen oder nur außen bzw. nur innen am Gehäuse vorgesehen sein. Zusätzlich kann zwischen den und/oder um die Batteriepacks ebenfalls mindestens ein weiteres die Aufprallenergie absorbierendes Element angeordnet sein, die ebenfalls in Gürtelform oder anderer Form ausgestaltet sind.In one embodiment, the at least one impact energy absorbing element is a belt that is externally and / or internally connected to the housing. Such a belt is suitable, for example, when the housing has a regular shape, for example in the form of a cuboid. Such a belt can be provided both inside and outside or only outside or only inside the housing. In addition, between the and / or around the battery packs at least one further impact energy absorbing element may be arranged, which are also configured in a belt shape or other shape.

Die Energieabsorption erfolgt in einer Ausführungsform durch eine plastische Deformation, beispielsweise wenn der Gürtel aus einem Aluminiumschaum oder einem anderen geeigneten Schaum ist. Aluminiumschaum eignet sich insbesondere für das Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element, wenn das Gehäuse auch aus Aluminium (jedoch nicht in Schaumform) ist. Der Aluminiumschaum hat einerseits eine zusätzliche versteifende Wirkung, andererseits eignet er sich zur Absorption von Aufprallenergie. Sollte sich bei einem Unfall (Crash) im ungünstigsten Falle eine Einzelzelle aus dem jeweiligen Batteriepack lösen und mit ihrer Aufprallenergie gegen die Wandung des Gehäuses prallen und diese entsprechend örtlich deformieren, wird die Aufprallenergie dieser Einzelzelle durch die örtlich plastische Deformation des Schaums am und/oder im Gehäuse kompensiert.The energy absorption is in one embodiment by a plastic deformation, for example, when the belt is made of an aluminum foam or other suitable foam. Aluminum foam is particularly suitable for the impact energy absorbing element when the housing is also made of aluminum (but not in foam form). The aluminum foam on the one hand has an additional stiffening effect, on the other hand, it is suitable for the absorption of impact energy. If in an accident (crash) in the worst case an individual cell from the respective battery pack and collide with their impact energy against the wall of the housing and deform them locally, the impact energy of this single cell by the local plastic deformation of the foam on and / or compensated in the housing.

Die Energieabsorption erfolgt in einer anderen Ausführungsform durch irreversible Schädigung faserverstärkter Kunststoffe, indem die Fasern zerreißen. Das Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element kann beispielsweise eine Matrix aus reißbaren Fasern sein, die in geeignetem Kunststoff eingebettet ist. Das Energieabsorptionsvermögen resultiert aus dem Reißen der in der mindestens einen Matrix eingebetteten Fasern.In another embodiment, energy absorption occurs by irreversibly damaging fiber-reinforced plastics by rupturing the fibers. The impact energy absorbing member may be, for example, a matrix of rupturable fibers embedded in suitable plastic. The energy absorption capacity results from the cracking of the fibers embedded in the at least one matrix.

Das Batteriemodul kann zwischen den Batteriepacks Versteifungen aufweisen, bei denen energieabsorbierende Elemente angeordnet sind. Die Versteifungen sorgen für eine notwendige Grundsteifigkeit des Batteriemoduls.The battery module can have stiffeners between the battery packs in which energy absorbing elements are arranged. The stiffeners provide a necessary basic rigidity of the battery module.

Es ist ferner üblich, Halterungen vorzusehen, durch die das Batteriemodul an einem Fahrzeug lösbar halterbar ist. Die mindestens eine Halterung kann beispielsweise am Gehäuse lösbar befestigt sein. It is also customary to provide holders by which the battery module can be detachably held on a vehicle. The at least one holder may for example be releasably secured to the housing.

Das Gehäuse weist optional eine offene Seite auf, die mit einem Deckel lösbar verschließbar ist, beispielsweise mittels Schrauben.The housing optionally has an open side, which is releasably closable with a lid, for example by means of screws.

Das erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug ist durch mindestens ein erfindungsgemäßes Batteriemodul, wie zuvor beschrieben, mit elektrischer Energie betreibbar.The vehicle according to the invention can be operated by means of at least one battery module according to the invention, as described above, with electrical energy.

Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung und ihre Vorteile anhand der beigefügten Figuren erläutert werden. Dabei zeigen:In the following, the invention and its advantages will be explained with reference to the accompanying figures. Showing:

1 eine Draufsicht einer Ausführungsform eines Batteriemoduls aus dem Stand der Technik; 1 a plan view of an embodiment of a battery module of the prior art;

2 einen Querschnitt durch das Batteriemodul entlang einer Schnittlinie A-A aus 1; 2 a cross section through the battery module along a section line AA 1 ;

3 eine Draufsicht einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls mit einem innen am Gehäuse liegenden Gürtel; 3 a plan view of an embodiment of the battery module according to the invention with a belt lying inside the housing;

4 einen Querschnitt durch das Batteriemodul nach 3 entlang einer Schnittlinie A-A; und 4 a cross section through the battery module after 3 along a section line AA; and

5 einen Querschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls mit einem außen am Gehäuse liegenden Gürtel und einem weiteren Aufprallenergie absorbierenden Element. 5 a cross-section through another embodiment of the battery module according to the invention with a lying on the outside of the housing belt and another impact energy absorbing element.

Für gleiche oder gleich wirkende Elemente der Erfindung werden identische Bezugszeichen verwendet. Ferner werden der Übersicht halber nur Bezugszeichen in den einzelnen Figuren dargestellt, die für die Beschreibung der jeweiligen Figur erforderlich sind. Die dargestellten Ausführungsformen stellen lediglich Beispiele dar, wie der erfindungsgemäße Käfig für Kegelrollen oder das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung des Käfigs ausgestaltet sein können und stellen keine abschließende Begrenzung dar.For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments are only examples of how the cage according to the invention for tapered rollers or the inventive method for producing the cage can be configured and do not represent a final limitation.

1 zeigt eine Draufsicht einer Ausführungsform eines Batteriemoduls 3 aus dem Stand der Technik. Im Batteriemodul 3 sind mehrere Batteriepacks 2 angeordnet, die wiederum mehrere Einzelzellen 1 umfassen. Das Batteriemodul 3 ist von einem Gehäuse 3a umgeben. Zur Stabilisierung des Batteriemoduls 3 sind in der dargestellten Ausführungsform zwei Versteifungen 5 zwischen zwei Reihen von Batteriepacks 2 eingebracht. Halterungen 4, beispielsweise Haltelaschen, sind außen am Gehäuse 3a angebracht. Durch die Halterungen 4 ist das Batteriemodul 3 an einem Chassis eines Fahrzeugs (nicht dargestellt) lösbar halterbar. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a battery module 3 from the prior art. In the battery module 3 are several battery packs 2 arranged, in turn, several single cells 1 include. The battery module 3 is from a housing 3a surround. To stabilize the battery module 3 are two stiffeners in the illustrated embodiment 5 between two rows of battery packs 2 brought in. brackets 4 , For example, retaining tabs are outside of the housing 3a appropriate. Through the brackets 4 is the battery module 3 on a chassis of a vehicle (not shown) releasably halterbar.

Zur besseren Orientierung der unterschiedlichen Ansichten des Batteriemoduls 3 in 1 und in den nachfolgenden Figuren ist ein dreidimensionales x/y/z-Koordinatensystem seitlich in 1 angedeutet. Das Koordinatensystem ist den unterschiedlichen Ansichten in den nachfolgenden Figuren entsprechend angepasst.For better orientation of the different views of the battery module 3 in 1 and in the following figures, a three-dimensional x / y / z coordinate system is laterally in 1 indicated. The coordinate system is adapted to the different views in the following figures accordingly.

2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das Batteriemodul 3 entlang einer Schnittlinie A-A aus 1. Hier ist zu sehen, dass in der Ausführungsform des Gehäuses 3a nach den 1 und 2 das Gehäuse 3a einen Deckel 6 umfasst, der mit Schrauben 7 am Gehäuse 3a lösbar befestigt ist. Alle sonstigen Bauteile des Batteriemoduls 3 sind bereits in 1 beschrieben. 2 shows a cross section through the battery module 3 along a section line AA 1 , Here it can be seen that in the embodiment of the housing 3a after the 1 and 2 the housing 3a a lid 6 Includes, with screws 7 on the housing 3a is releasably attached. All other components of the battery module 3 are already in 1 described.

3 zeigt eine Draufsicht einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls 3 mit einem innen am Gehäuse 3a liegenden Gürtel 8 als Aufprallenergie absorbierendes Element. Der Gürtel 8 kann, wie oben beschrieben, beispielsweise aus einem Aluminiumschaum oder einem reißbaren, faserverstärkten Kunststoff sein. Bei einem Unfall wird der Gürtel 8 plastisch deformiert oder zumindest teilweise zerstört, und die Batteriepacks 2 und Einzelzellen 1 werden nicht oder nur geringer deformiert und/oder örtlich verschoben. Der Gürtel 8 nimmt also die Aufprallenergie der Einzelzellen 1 und Batteriepacks 2 auf bzw. die Aufprallenergie der Einzelzellen 1 und Batteriepacks 2 werden auf den Energie absorbierenden Gürtel 8 umgelenkt. 3 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the battery module according to the invention 3 with an inside of the housing 3a lying belt 8th as an impact energy absorbing element. The belt 8th may, as described above, for example, an aluminum foam or a tearable, fiber-reinforced plastic. In an accident, the belt 8th plastically deformed or at least partially destroyed, and the battery packs 2 and single cells 1 are not or only slightly deformed and / or displaced locally. The belt 8th So absorbs the impact energy of the individual cells 1 and battery packs 2 on or the impact energy of the individual cells 1 and battery packs 2 be on the energy absorbing belt 8th diverted.

4 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das Batteriemodul 3 nach 3 entlang einer Schnittlinie A-A. Alle Bauteile des Batteriemoduls 3 sind bereits in 3 beschrieben. 4 shows a cross section through the battery module 3 to 3 along a section line AA. All components of the battery module 3 are already in 3 described.

5 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls 3. Im Unterschied zu den 3 und 4 liegt der Gürtel 8 außen am Gehäuse 3a an. Zusätzlich ist ein weiteres Aufprallenergie absorbierendes Element 8a vorgesehen, das innerhalb des Batteriemoduls 3, und zwar zwischen den beiden Versteifungen 5, angeordnet ist. Das weitere Element 8a ist hier als Streifen bzw. Stange und nicht in Gürtelform vorgesehen. 5 shows a cross section through another embodiment of the battery module according to the invention 3 , Unlike the 3 and 4 lies the belt 8th outside on the housing 3a at. In addition, another impact energy absorbing element 8a provided within the battery module 3 between the two stiffeners 5 , is arranged. The further element 8a is here as a strip or rod and not provided in a belt shape.

Für einen Fachmann ist offensichtlich, dass auch Kombinationen der Elemente 8 und 8a aus den 3 bis 5 denkbar sind und/oder dass andere Ausgestaltungen und Anordnungen der Elemente 8, 8a möglich sind, ohne den Schutzbereich der Erfindung zu verlassen. Denkbar ist beispielsweise (nicht dargestellt), dass die Elemente 8a unmittelbar zwischen benachbarten Batteriepacks 2 angeordnet und/oder die Batteriepacks 2 mit Energie absorbierenden Gürteln 8a versehen sind. Auch muss das mindestens eine Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element 8 kein um das Gehäuse 3a durchgehender Gürtel 8 sein, sondern er kann mindestens eine Unterbrechung aufweisen. Insgesamt wichtig ist die werkstoffgerechte Ausführung und Integration der die Aufprallenergie absorbierenden Elemente 8 bzw. 8a in das bzw. am Gehäuse 3a des Batteriemoduls 3.It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that also combinations of the elements 8th and 8a from the 3 to 5 are conceivable and / or that other configurations and arrangements of the elements 8th . 8a are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. It is conceivable, for example (not shown), that the elements 8a directly between adjacent battery packs 2 disposed and / or the battery packs 2 with energy absorbing belts 8a are provided. Also, the at least one impact energy absorbing element must 8th no to the case 3a continuous belt 8th but it can have at least one interruption. Overall important is the material-oriented design and integration of the impact energy absorbing elements 8th respectively. 8a in or on the housing 3a of the battery module 3 ,

Die gegenwärtige Erfindung ist in Bezug auf bevorzugte Ausführungsformen beschrieben worden. Dennoch können Änderungen und Abwandlungen der hier vorgeschlagenen Gestaltungen des Batteriemoduls durchgeführt werden, ohne dabei den Schutzbereich der nachstehenden Ansprüche zu verlassen.The present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments. Nevertheless, changes and modifications of the proposed embodiments of the battery module can be carried out without departing from the scope of the following claims.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Einzelzellesingle cell
22
Batteriepackbattery Pack
33
Batteriemodulbattery module
3a3a
Gehäusecasing
44
Halterung (Haltelasche)Bracket (retaining tab)
55
Versteifung(srippe)Stiffening (srippe)
66
Deckelcover
77
Schraubenscrew
88th
Aufprallenergie absorbierendes ElementImpact energy absorbing element
8a8a

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • DE 102004051336 B4 [0006] DE 102004051336 B4 [0006]
  • DE 102007038140 A1 [0007] DE 102007038140 A1 [0007]
  • US 6648090 B2 [0008] US 6648090 B2 [0008]
  • US 6905138 B2 [0009] US 6905138 B2 [0009]
  • EP 0676818 A1 [0010] EP 0676818 A1 [0010]
  • DE 3141278 A1 [0011] DE 3141278 A1 [0011]
  • DE 102007019803 A1 [0012] DE 102007019803 A1 [0012]

Claims (10)

Batteriemodul (3) für ein zumindest teilweise mit elektrischer Energie betreibbares Fahrzeug, wobei das Batteriemodul (3) mehrere Batteriepacks (2) mit jeweils mehreren Einzelzellen (1) umfasst und im Wesentlichen in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse (3a) angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Batteriemodul (3) mindestens ein Aufprallenergie absorbierendes Element (8) umfasst, das am und/oder im Gehäuse (3a) angeordnet ist.Battery module ( 3 ) for a vehicle which can be operated at least partially with electrical energy, wherein the battery module ( 3 ) several battery packs ( 2 ) each having a plurality of individual cells ( 1 ) and substantially in a closed housing ( 3a ), characterized in that the battery module ( 3 ) at least one impact energy absorbing element ( 8th ) on and / or in the housing ( 3a ) is arranged. Batteriemodul (3) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das mindestens eine Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element ein Gürtel (8) ist, der außen und/oder innen mit dem Gehäuse (3a) verbunden ist.Battery module ( 3 ) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one impact energy absorbing element is a belt ( 8th ), which is outside and / or inside with the housing ( 3a ) connected is. Batteriemodul (3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, wobei mindestens ein zusätzliches die Aufprallenergie absorbierendes Element (8a) zwischen den und/oder um die Batteriepacks (2) angeordnet ist.Battery module ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein at least one additional impact energy absorbing element ( 8a ) between and / or around the battery packs ( 2 ) is arranged. Batteriemodul (3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das mindestens eine Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element (8) aus einem plastisch deformierbarem Material ist.Battery module ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one impact energy absorbing element ( 8th ) is made of a plastically deformable material. Batteriemodul (3) nach Anspruch 4, wobei das plastisch deformierbare Material einen Aluminiumschaum umfasst.Battery module ( 3 ) according to claim 4, wherein the plastically deformable material comprises an aluminum foam. Batteriemodul (3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das mindestens eine Aufprallenergie absorbierende Element (8) einen reißbaren faserverstärkten Kunststoff umfasst.Battery module ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one impact energy absorbing element ( 8th ) comprises a tearable fiber reinforced plastic. Batteriemodul (3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das Gehäuse (3a) aus Aluminium ist.Battery module ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the housing ( 3a ) is made of aluminum. Batteriemodul (3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Batteriemodul (3) mindestens eine Versteifung (5) aufweist, die zwischen den Batteriepacks (2) angeordnet und bei der das mindestens eine energieabsorbierende Element (8) angeordnet ist.Battery module ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the battery module ( 3 ) at least one stiffening ( 5 ) between the battery packs ( 2 ) and in which the at least one energy absorbing element ( 8th ) is arranged. Batteriemodul (3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei mindestens eine Halterung (4) vorgesehen ist, durch die das Batteriemodul (3) an einem Fahrzeug lösbar halterbar ist.Battery module ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one holder ( 4 ) is provided, through which the battery module ( 3 ) Is releasably halterbar on a vehicle. Fahrzeug, das durch mindestens ein Batteriemodul (3) nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche mit elektrischer Energie betreibbar ist.Vehicle that is covered by at least one battery module ( 3 ) is operable according to one of the preceding claims with electrical energy.
DE102009040598A 2009-09-08 2009-09-08 Battery module for electric vehicle, has battery packs comprising multiple cells and arranged in closed housing, and impact energy absorbing element arranged at housing and made of plastic deformable material and fiber-reinforced plastic Withdrawn DE102009040598A1 (en)

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