DE102006056669A1 - Danger and alarm system for e.g. ship, , has computation unit determining specific impact of data, where information processing process is extended as basis of knowledge based decision-making for planning of human-machine-interface - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a data collecting, storing and verifying system (20) for collecting, storing and verifying technical and non-technical measuring and process data. A computation unit (19) determines a specific impact of the data and makes process state evaluation with respect to partial danger and total danger based on a task and target oriented models. An information processing process is extended as a basis of knowledge based decision-making for planning, design, monitoring, control of a human-machine-interface e.g. vehicle.

Description

The The invention relates to a danger and alarm system for means of transport (GASV), with the help of which large Datenmangen from operator-vehicle processes through a task-structured and knowledge-based processing to a partial and holistic assessed hazard diagnosis, including display and evaluation of alarm conditions real-time capability converted and represented in different representations can be. The solution This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. advantageous Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

object The invention is generally the increase of safety and economy of man-machine systems, for example, the increase of reliability of human-machine systems in transportation. Ships, aircraft, Motor vehicles and the like Transportation is usually in their Interaction of man, machine and environment operated. there the process parameter "amount of risk" of this unit counts as scale for control measures to ensure the desired quality of the transport process of goods and / or persons.

Under quality is in accordance with DIN EN ISO 8402/1995 or DIN 55350 the entirety of Characteristics and characteristic values of a unit (product, service, Activity, Organization) their suitability to meet specified and presupposed needs). While DIN 55350 as quality features of products the functionality, Usability (usability), reliability, availability, Maintainability, safety, environmental compatibility, cost effectiveness and beauty includes, here are the quality features Safety and economy in the foreground.

Under "security" will that Free from danger understood, with absolute certainty only in relation to one certain endangerment achievable is. In practice, security is already accepted, if a reasonable (residual) risk still exists.

Of the Driving process e.g. a ship is complex, time-variant, nonlinear, has a random character and is characterized by a multitude of interactive Interactions (informational, structural and functional Couplings) of the system components and the disturbance events.

from that the characteristic of a fuzzy decision problem arises: There are several alternative solutions present, described by (fuzzy / unsafe) attributes can be. The decision-maker (here the surgeon) must comply with his preferences and goals for single expression combinations find the alternative that he considers optimal.

The Need for a decision on blurred problems is a characterizing feature of such problem-solving processes.

The in these processes in large Quantities and in extraordinary Variety of data is recorded, a task- and situation-specific Structure assigned, if necessary and possible, by means of known mathematical Method to process input sizes condensed and at first technical-physical image of the current situation combined. Lie necessary data, independent from their source of technical or non-technical origin, not incomplete or wrong before, this is done after a data-dependent time tolerance over a Note on the current monitoring status one or more partial processes.

The inventive method and system takes over the structured data and assess them in terms of their intrinsic Danger potential for the achievement of knowledge-based or otherwise defined Thresholds.

is completed this first processing stage, is a rated Image of all input variables of the Man-machine system before. These reviews may later be considered causes of the type and height of Risk assessment be requested.

On the basis of the ascertained significance of the process data used become task-oriented and goal-oriented in a second processing or diagnosis stage Process complexes formed, both the general work and Task structure of the surgeon as well as the specific requirements correspond to a current situation.

Within In this structure, the meanings "height of danger" of the individual input quantities are used Generation of a rating over the "height of danger" in the partial Processes and to a hazard parameter of the overall process.

This transforms the hitherto very fuzzy and highly subjective depiction of a danger into an exact and current process state variable that can be planned, designed, controlled and controlled. For the representation of the human knowledge and the simulation of human reasoning preferably fuzzy logic is applied.

The Invention solves away from the traditional definition of the term risk, that as an operational parameter not available is and is not for The supervision and control of the characterized processes can be used. She sees the now possible situation adequate Assessing a hazard as an opportunity and resource for a safe and economical Litigation in the context of a hazard management (danger recognition / danger evaluation - danger management danger monitoring).

in the Process of leadership of a means of transport both all technical and non-technical Details presented and a partial as well as a holistic Danger condition dignose be claimed as well as the causes of the knowledge-based Danger ratings displayed and recommendations for hazard management given become.

The System has one Set of functions that facilitate the surgeon's access to the and support output procedures and reconstruct state sequences.

All assessed hazards recorded and evaluated in conjunction with other applications become.

The Invention provides the advantage, not previously by conventional mathematical-physical relationships writable complex security and economy-specific Relationships and Interactions to a partial and holistic according to the invention Hazard diagnosis, including the detection and display of alarm situations, to process.

The The invention comprises a transport-mounted unit for Recording of technical and non-technical measurement and process data and their storage, a data input control unit, a Arithmetic unit, which determines the specific meaning of the data will be based on a task-oriented and goal-oriented Model a process state assessment for partial hazards and the overall hazard, fixed and / or mobile display and / or utilization units and a communication unit for transmission from process status data to an operations and / or traffic center.

With of the invention partial hazardous condition dignoses on traditional monitors Guidance technology, e.g. in the case of use ship's command the radars, on the ECDIS (Electronic Nautical Chart) or on a central Conning display, displayed and also to a holistic hazard condition diagnosis be aggregated.

When mobile display and communication unit for on-board use is a wireless transmission the process state on personal "handstations" conceivable.

Recorded or also currently queried "hazard curves" can for Evaluation of the competence of an operator and in comparison to "optimal Behavioral curves "as scale for the fulfillment of quality requirements be used on simulators. They also form the basis for the update of process knowledge

The inventive system is structured in the form of a kit. The kit contains the elements of each task or process specific module and the different ones partial modules for monitoring, Control and control of individual processes or the process in his totality.

For the application "ship's command" this kit has the modules:
Collision Avoidance, Anti-Grounding, Track Keeping, Strength / Stability, Environment, Wheel / Engine, Economy, Traffic Loading, Bridge Manning, Cargo, Fire / Water, Emission.

A Expansion through additional partial modules / processes is the same conceivable as a special modification for certain processes.

each Module has the Building blocks: data validation, Data interface, mathematical preprocessing of input data, mathematical model of data fusion (here: knowledge bases, inference rules, Defuzzification), condition assessment and justifications, recommendations, user interface.

State of the art

decision problems in e.g. Transportation can because of their complexity, Dynamics and randomness often not be promptly resolved by humans. Despite the effort the manufacturer of surveillance; Control and control systems, these by a high functional integration serviceable To shape, it comes to maladministration of the surgeon who in u.a. in accidents reflect.

To point to a lack of reliability of man-machine systems, here of operator-environment-environmental systems Interference in man-machine or human-process interfaces, as existing or requestable information is not used or misused.

Of the high proportion of human error as an accident cause is too a big one Part on defects in the information processing process.

A calculation ability for the Height of Dangers in e.g. Ship management process did not exist so far. That pulls u.U. Time and perception problems after himself. So, although "internal" basis of decision, the danger present a hypothetical entity and not a property of an action or the process itself, with the danger of an event at all estimated calculated and used as decision support.

Previous Models and calculations are based solely on mechanistic, Determined behavior and sharp parameter boundaries, the one Complicate hazard diagnosis as a starting point for control operations, so that ultimately the expert without using means to define Importance and evaluation of information is solely responsible for Processes with high complexity, contingency and nonlinearity to monitor and to control.

The Calculation of the danger level from present "sharp", in practical Use often but "out of focus" rated readings is the requirement for a risk-based technology.

at the design of informational processes between means of transport and surgeon, while the common character-data-information-hierarchy hierarchy is respected, but the transitions are just as fluent as the levels are very different. While the data formation off the given character set according to proven syntax rules still good works, is the semantic level that is responsible for the logical interpretation the data and their transformation into information, highly neglected. completely underdeveloped is the subsequent pragmatic level that through the link generated by information knowledge. The cause of this defect is above all the hitherto uncontrollable qualitative and quantitative definition of the link destination as also the lack of knowledge of the linking rules between the information even.

Manufacturer of integrated systems for the process monitoring and control of transport (e.g., integrated navigation systems, integrated bridge systems on ships) are currently focusing on the optimization of syntactic level, but are unable to understand the meaning content and describe the uses of information and to improve reliability to use the operator-transport unit.

The reason for this is the known theoretical deficiency, that in addition to the measurement of syntactic information entropy does not provide a timely application for quantification semantic information exists. In addition, that of SHANNON developed information concept an exclusively syntactic background has, since for the Information value of a message its meaning does not matter.

There In the control of transport usually around the Mastery of complicated, complex, dynamic and random processes can, with the usual Funds for the information processing no further progress achieved become.

By the solution according to the invention, the the basis of human thinking and a situation-dependent processing complex knowledge structures can be a qualitatively new form the state diagnostics and the derived process control achieved become. The use of probalist conditionals and the determination of their Meaning by their logical interpretation are for means of transport not common yet but probably part of decision models and thus also the inventive solution ..

One such a concept of probalistic information processing, that the knowledge about the probable associated with the detection of an incoming disturbance danger for generates the achievement of a specific characteristic and that dynamically changed to fast Being able to adapt to situations is not in transportation known.

Currently can a surgeon only very conditionally and if so, in the individual case with the least complexity and dynamics, the relevance of information for the achievement of quality characteristics of the process (safety, profitability).

from that it grows the need, the presence of relevant information in a variety of others Information at all to recognize and finally a measure of their To find quantification.

The recognition and control of dangers, that means the prevention of safety critical situations, is the central control task of the surgeon in a means of transport. The degree of controllability of hazards determines the safety and efficiency of the transport process. Without these prerequisites, any risk management remains incorrect.

For the investigation The security of process automation systems has become one Developed a series of classic methods. Examples are in the Automotive area that Method FMEA, in procedural processes the PRAG method, in academic Area the application of mathematical methods for the detection of Security requirements and action error analysis during the investigation human intervention.

Classical Procedures remain frequent limited to sections of the process automation system, while the Complex interaction between man-machine and environment is neglected.

tries for the Security analysis in such systems exist in the form of qualitative modeling method SQMA (Situation-based Qualitative Modeling and analysis). Define for decision support quantitative valuation approaches the expected risk.

there the term "safety" according to DIN VDE 31000 applies, Part 2, depending from the risk. A system can be considered safe if the risk of all individual processes is less than the limit risk, with one absolute safety without any risk in technical systems is impossible. Under limit risk one can in this sense the largest still understand acceptable risk of a process. When crossing This borderline risk is called a danger, while under Safety is the absence of danger to understand (DIN VDE 31 000/2).

aim the safety analysis (see VDI / VDE 3542; Terms for Automation systems) is i.a. the determination of the risk of Subtasks, the probability or frequency of occurrence of a Malfunction or defect and the expected extent of the damage. If this sub-risk is smaller than a defined limit risk, is to classify this sub-process as safe.

The Determination of risk level in the sense of the known definition of risk encounters limits and is considered operational process parameter for decision-making unusable. Because mathematically the risk in the form of a product, consisting of two factors, present, alone can be the same level of risk by different characteristics the factors are reached. But that is for the surgeon in a means of transport not useful. Because of this deficiency is actually only quantitative translated into a qualitative assessment. DIN 50126 reflects the relationship between frequency a hazardous event and the expected amount of damage in the form of evaluation levels: negligible, tolerable, undesirable, not tolerable. In a sense, the quantitative refers to Risk on the evaluation of the risk potential of a process. Exactly this circumstance makes the solution according to the invention Use.

Over other solutions Do not try the risk level but works out a large, unstructured one Dataset partial and holistic operational and real-time estimates of the Height of a danger.

at the definition of classification limits in technical processes is e.g. in the failure rate on experiential knowledge, experimental Investigations and estimates resorted. For the investigation the probability of Error in human behavior was e.g. the procedure THERP developed on the basis of extensive tables with proven Error probabilities for human behavior works.

The Model-based security analysis allows the consideration of all Components of a process automation system, but must for all possible System situations re their relevance to the safety of the system on a qualitative evaluation. The dynamics, randomness, complexity and complexity of traffic processes (as opposed to a Process automation system) makes such a solution but very uncertain, inaccurate and incomplete and is for the rest quantitative risk assessment and its operational monitoring, Control, design and control useless.

In the published patent application DE 10 2004 039 286 A1 (Int.Cl .: G07C 5/08), Disclosure 04.08.2005 "Device and method for evaluating the operating risk of motor vehicles" technically measurable state data are statistically linked and evaluated by weighting and weighting factors, so that in the result a quality signal as a measure of the aggressiveness of the driving of a motor vehicle arises, which can be used by both insurance companies and other users.The data are transmitted from the motor vehicle to a central office and further processed there .. The invention claims the merit of having "created an observer who from measurable sizes a measure of not directly measurable cha forms characteristic elements. "

The content of the disclosure is also disclosed in the European patent application EP 0 700 009 A2 (Int.Cl .: G06F 17/60), published on 06.03.2006 (original text "Individual rating system for the risk of self-propelled vehicles").

In the patent DE 44 23 233 C2 (Int.Cl .: G01 C 21/00, publication date of the patent grant 13.03.1997, a "device and (a) method for detection, quantification, control and monitoring of safety-relevant system state variables in the on-board autonomous and sustained guidance of ships" are described Deviations of current measured values from a specific standard are determined by a comparison with operating state-dependent setpoint variables and led to safety-relevant statements.

The Procedure is not based on a task-oriented structure the process, does not provide for partial process diagnostics and takes into account only indirectly process or Expertise for the detection and assessment of hazards, boundary areas and risk-free conditions. It can not determine a defined Resikokenngröße and tries to find its own definition for the term "risk".

Out that reason can no task-oriented, risk-based quality features in terms of Derived from the safety and economy of traffic processes and their operational monitoring will be realized.

The transition of the information processing process from its purely syntactic imprinted View to the semantic and pragmatic level is hindered.

None of the sources establishes a connection between the status statements and the integration of alarms. For example, alarms and alarm management in ship operations are still unsolved problem cases that are not treated in any way with their task-specific structure. They are considered unpleasant, stressful, distracting, disordered, designed without priority, disturbing. A number of national and international equipment standards should help. The present state of affairs is characterized by the fact that the technical and functional specifications are specified in so-called "Performance Standards", eg the IMO (International Maritime Organization), which, however, contain only minimum requirements and are transferred into national law (cf. Baldauf, M .; Motz, F .: "Operational Aspects of a Future Alarm Management to Support the Ship's Command." In: Cognitive Systems Engineering, DGLR Report 2006-02, page 191 ff. )

While the first published application exclusively to motor vehicles and the last patent relates to ships, comprises the inventive solution by the qualitatively new solution and the previously only implicit consideration of alarm situations the range of means of transport (hazard diagnosis in operator vehicle processes) In its entirety.

In the disclosure DE 103 16 424 A1 (Int.-Cl. G06F 17/60), filing date 09.04.2003, a "Method and system for the systematic evaluation of evaluation parameters of technical equipment" (here above all heavy current equipment) is presented by means of a data processing device provided with at least one data memory as well At least one first data set with economically relevant input parameters and a second data set with technically relevant input parameters are detected or determined at an input device and at a display device. For each data set, predetermined numerical and / or logical relationships and knowledge-based, predetermined resource-specific weighting factors are used determined input parameters for each economic evaluation size Flx and a technical valuation parameter Rlx and merged from the determined evaluation parameters by knowledge-based predetermined numerical Verkn and weighting factors resulting in a single overall rating Elx. "

The published patent application was published by a European patent application ( EP 1 618 524 A1 , Filing date 06.04.2004) up to the international patent WO 2004/090764 A1 (Int.Cl .: G06F 17/60), Release Date 10/21/2004, Extended (Method and System For Systematic Evaluation of Parameters of Technical Operational Equipment) The methodology of past use of statistical methods for the assessment of inputs is determined by an individual Predetermined input parameters take into account the risk or the probability of possible faults or occurring fault modes and the resulting possible faulty behavior of the respective operating means For each input variable, at least one resource-relevant definition and / or value range can be determined a knowledge-based and weighted combination of the parameters is realized in an overall evaluation characteristic of the technical equipment.

Of the Claim includes the calculation of a result obtained in this way economic and a technical valuation parameter as well their link to an overall rating of the technical, in particular the heavy current equipment.

The publication DE 10 2004 007 063 A1 (Int.Cl .: G06F 17/60), filing date 13.02.2004, a "method and system for the evaluation of complex systems, in particular for company rating and rating" explained. "It allows a detailed and complete analysis of the current and future State of a complex system "by providing a completely objective, transparent and accurate treatment of the evaluation," because the evaluation result is calculated as integration of the detailed evaluation of the individual components of the complex system. "The invention comprises a structuring method (decomposes the complex system in representative Components), a data management system that can collect and store data and results, an expert data analysis system, and an integration system "that can aggregate all data including its uncertainties."

In the magazine "HANSA", No. 5/2005 and No 10/2006 "NARIDAS: Assistance system for the identification and assessment of risks in ship's command" and NARIDAS - Results of a Second Expert Survey, an NARIDAS Naval Risk Assessment and Assessment Assistance System was set up to first conceptualize the nautical driving tasks of the nautical driving process into situation-specific process areas and their descriptive characteristics Are defined:
Data from the integrated bridge system are used as input variables directly or after a mathematical preprocessing. This methodology was the actual background for the evaluation of information and its knowledge-based consolidation into eight risk-based process parameters.

In HANSA, No. 11/2001 "Competence Assessment on the Ship Simulator" a possibility is explained to evaluate the competence of the subjects in a ship-handling simulator. The approach is based on the following general consideration: by actions / omissions of the surgeon the stability of a process / system is influenced positively or negatively. Thus, the achievable or achieved quality of the process control is a measure of the competence of the surgeon.

Since the traditional concept of risk is inappropriate to be used as an operationally applicable tax quantity, the author has modified and defined it:
"Risk" is a measure of the level of risk that arises from the parameters of a process-related disturbance or group of disturbances and influences the state of the process to be controlled between its possible "stable" and "unstable" endpoints, the magnitude of that difference determines the priority of a sequence of control operations.

The Invention according to the invention and system takes over not this definition.

All Here, the prior art solutions do not relate on the complex evaluation of the unit driver-environment-transport as a human-machine-environment-system. she on the one hand use statistical methods, on the other hand knowledge-based ones Procedure to make statements about risk levels to obtain. The term "risk" in the sense of the classical definition so does not allow its universal use for the operative and real-time capable Evaluation of all Driver Environmental Transportation Systems.

The inventive method is valid for all Means of transport: ships, planes, cars, trains, etc., as data independently of their size and dimension quickly tested, structured, structured by a task-oriented approach stored in their possible "danger latitude" as comparison variables and to partial as well as holistic state statements about the Achievement of qualitative process parameters further processed and Determination of alarm conditions can be recycled.

With The invention provides a new quality of process description and control achieved because it assumes the same decision-making behavior like the surgeon. It does not have the goal, the controlled system as possible realistically but to describe the operator's "recognize-evaluate-decide" behavior to model in hazard diagnosis. This is preferably the fuzzy logic applied. The application of other methods is conceivable.

embodiment

Explanation of the invention with the help of the accompanying drawings

The danger and alert system for transport exists 1 from a data acquisition, storage and test facility ( 20 ), a computing unit ( 19 ), fixed and / or mobile display and / or use units ( 11 ), a communication unit ( 10 ) and the graphical representation of situational hazard images and optical-acoustic Alarms ( 9 ) with user interface.

With the invention, partial hazardous state dignoses, including alarms on monitors traditional management technology, eg in the application ship management on the radar devices, on the ECDIS (electronic nautical chart) or on a central conning display ( 11 ) and also aggregated into a holistic hazard condition diagnosis.

To 1 technical and non-technical data are taken from the process ( 1 ), stored and checked by a data recorder or other storage medium ( 2 ). All data is identified in a decoding process, checked and structured according to its intended use ( 3 ). These data are processed using traditional mathematical-physical relationships ( 18 ) are further preprocessed and / or used as direct input variables ( 4 ). The data prepared in this way are preferably used via membership functions, their size, type and structure by means of expert knowledge in knowledge bases ( 17 ) is evaluated ( 5 ).

Lie necessary data, independent from their source of technical or non-technical origin, not incomplete or wrong before, this is done after a data-dependent time tolerance over a Note on the current monitoring status one or more partial processes.

According to a predefined task and process-specific structure, the evaluated and checked input variables are assigned to partial hazard areas ( 6 ). By applying fuzzy mathematical methods, eg. B. fuzzy logic ( 16 ), an assessment of the partial hazard areas and an overall assessment ( 7 ). The danger level derived from the technical and non-technical input data of different type, size and dimension characterizes the current danger for the fulfillment of qualitative process parameters, such as safety and profitability.

In a further calculation process, the causes responsible for the level of the respective dangers are evaluated and hazard-dependent recommendations for the process control are given ( 8th ).

For direct and situation-specific mapping of danger patterns ( 9 ) will be after 3 Various graphical representations used:
Bar charts ( 1 ), Curves ( 2 ), Pie charts ( 3 ) including graphical solutions.

The results of the hazard diagnosis can after 1 using internal and external communication units ( 10 ) displayed centrally (Conning Display) or decentralized and / or on fixed or mobile usage units ( 11 ) be transmitted.

To 2 , which designates an application for the ship's command, can eg radar systems ( 5 ) and ECDIS systems (electronic nautical chart) ( 6 ) be such users. Also mobile surveillance units ( 8th ) are suitable for process monitoring.

Corresponding 1 is the current hazard diagnosis suitable for control operations ( 12 ) via various adjusting devices ( 13 ) and implement it for hazard management.

Via an external communication device ( 9 ), the evaluated current process status data can be forwarded to an operations and / or traffic center or other stakeholders ( 14 ) be transmitted. There, as a rule, the data of the hazard diagnosis and its causes can be evaluated and reused ( 15 ). In addition to security-specific and economic applications, the data can be used to increase the reliability of the operator-vehicle system and / or to update or improve the process knowledge.

modifications of the embodiment the skilled person, without thereby going beyond the scope of the invention to leave.

When example for the danger and alarm system for Transportation (GASV) for partial and holistic risk diagnosis in operator vehicle processes through task-structured and knowledge-based processing, evaluation and representation big technical and non-technical datasets will be the leadership of a Ship over Lake chosen.

• – Geschwindigkeit den natürlichen Bedingungen anpassen
• – Andere Fahrzeuge und Anlagen sicher passieren/Art und Dichte des Verkehrs beachten
• – Geplante Bahn einhalten und Manöverraum berücksichtigen
• – Zustand der Antriebs- und Steueranlagen in Erwägung ziehen und ihre Wechselwirkungen zu anderen partiellen Prozessen beachten
• – Stabilitätseigenschaften und Schiffskörperbeanspruchungen einkalkulieren
• – Meteorologisch – hydrologische Bedingungen berücksichtigen
• – Leistungseigenschaften des Menschen beachten
• – Wirtschaftliche Kriterien (Zeit, Kosten) der Reise einhalten

The following task-oriented structure in the ship's command shall be recorded (monitored, controlled, controlled) via the GASV:

• - Adapt speed to natural conditions
• - Pass other vehicles and systems safely / Note the type and density of the traffic
• - Comply with the planned course and take into account maneuver space
• - Consider the condition of propulsion and control systems and consider their interactions with other partial processes
• - Consider stability characteristics and hull loads
• - Consider meteorological - hydrological conditions
• - Pay attention to the performance characteristics of humans
• - Comply with economic criteria (time, costs) of the journey

• – Anti-Grounding,
• – Anti-Collision,
• – Traffic Logding,
• – Track Keeping,
• – Wheel/Engine,
• – Strength/Stability,
• – Environment,
• – Economy und
• – Bridge Manning

zugeordnet.This structure becomes the modular components / modules according to the modular principle

• - anti-grounding,
• - anti-collision,
• - traffic logging,
• - Track Keeping,
• - Wheel / Engine,
• - Strength / Stability,
• - Environment,
• - Economy and
• - Bridge Manning

assigned.

each this module has the "tools": data validation, data interface, mathematical preprocessing of input data, mathematical Model of data fusion (here: knowledge bases, inference rules, defuzzification), Condition assessment and justifications, Recommendations, user interface.

The in ship operation in large Quantities and in extraordinary Variety of data is recorded, a task- and situation-specific Structure assigned, if necessary and possible, by means of known mathematical Method to process input sizes condensed and at first technical and physical Image of the current situation put together.

are this input data, regardless of their source of technical or non-technical origin, not present, incomplete or wrong, this is done after a data-dependent time tolerance over a Note on the current monitoring status one or more partial processes.

are the input data sets Completely and takes over correctly the arithmetic unit analyzes the data and evaluates it in terms of their data intrinsic hazard for the achievement of knowledge-based or otherwise defined thresholds.

is completed this first processing stage, is a rated Image of all input variables of the Man-machine system before. These reviews may later be considered causes of the type and height of Risk assessment be requested.

On the basis of the ascertained significance of the process data used become task-oriented and goal-oriented in a second processing or diagnosis stage Process complexes formed, both the general work and Task structure of the surgeon as well as the specific requirements correspond to a current situation. If there are "disturbed" data, this will be done via the partial Process status display expressed. Missing or wrong Data can be questioned. The failure or malfunctioning of technical systems is also taught according to this principle.

Within In this structure, the meanings "height of danger" of the individual input quantities are used Generation of a rating over the "height of danger" in the partial Processes and to a hazard parameter of the overall process. This includes the technical system failure, which is the qualtative planned quality of the navigation process (Safety and economy) at risk.

ever according to expression the input variables this supplied to a multi-level grid, which their membership functions to the linguistic variable "safe" between 0.0 and 1.0 contains.

The mathematical model processes the rules "good Seamanship "valued individual Parameters and a subsequent Defuzzification according to the known method of emphasis to a aggregated hazard statement: e.g. "High Danger" and provide these Condition diagnosis with a "therapeutic" portion in the form of a from the collision avoidance regulation derived recommended action: e.g. "Last minute maneuver".

For the 3 Parameters of a meeting situation, for example, a rating is obtained provide comparable "hazard statements" (for example: the passing distance is dangerous tight, the target is about to happen, the distance is quite small ).

All captains Pilots, Nautical officers, just the experts, know without it pronounce what sizes they are mean and communicate in this way after the "silent Rules of "good seamanship". They come, like the mathematical model, to an aggregated one Overall statement of the height the danger of an encounter (for example: "that can become tight") the combination of "blurry" mathematical solution methods and Expert knowledge.

Claims (8)

Hazard and alarm system for vehicles (GASV) for partial and holistic hazard diagnosis, including alarm displays, in Opera cost-effective vehicle processes through task-structured and knowledge-based processing, assessment and presentation of large technical and non-technical data volumes of different types, sizes and dimensions, consisting of at least one unit for the collection of technical and non-technical measurement and process data, their storage and testing Arithmetic unit, in which the specific meaning of the data is determined and based on a task and goal-oriented model performs a process state assessment for partial hazards and the total danger, fixed and / or mobile display and / or use units and a communication unit for the transmission of Process state data, which extends the information processing process to the recognition of the meaning of the data up to their evaluation and as a basis for decision-making for the planning, design, monitoring, control and management of human resources. Machine systems, such as transport, is expanded. Hazard and alarm system for means of transport (GASV) according to Claim 1 based on knowledge-based dimensioning of membership functions or otherwise found thresholds, by means of fuzzy mathematical procedures a danger-specific partial or to create a holistic image of a current situation and with qualitative characteristics of the Operator vehicle unit, usually in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness, comparing the size of deviations and their causes basis for Control operations are. Hazard and alarm system for means of transport (GASV) according to Claim 2, characterized in that task or process specific Dangers (including Alarms) in their expression in the operational leadership process recognized or as configurable, plannable, monitorable and modifiable Characteristics of the Process for the direct or external process control and process monitoring as well the assessment of competence, increasing the reliability a human-machine-system as well for the Collection, storage and use of expert knowledge can. System according to claims 2 and 3, characterized that those gained directly from the process as well as those with traditional ones mathematical-physical method preprocessed input data transformed into information by a logical interpretation can be which, in turn, through their linkage Can generate knowledge, with the help of which a hazard-based condition diagnosis is made possible. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that according to the process-specific structure the acquisition partial Hazard diagnosis in individual technical units of the operator-vehicle unit is possible and that process state data through a communication unit fixed and mobile surveillance and / or control units can be. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the extracted from the datasets, specific to the type valued knowledge for the updating and modification of knowledge bases, for hazard diagnosis in or in special fields, for the assessment of competence of surgeons, the increase the reliability of driver-vehicle systems and the commercialization of expertise can be used. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that is each task-oriented and structured Module as a single building block as well as more complex and extensible Kit be used in a data network of the means of transport can. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the modules used according to claim 7 In turn, it is composed of individual building blocks that correspond to the specific building blocks Use and purpose can be configured and for one requirement-oriented standardization of quality features in the process of guide a means of transport are suitable.