DE102006052564B3 - Mitral valve stent for surgical implantation and fixation of heart valve prosthesis to heart, has stent clips arranged distally, where one of stent clips forms section that is externally rolled in unfolded condition of stent - Google Patents

Mitral valve stent for surgical implantation and fixation of heart valve prosthesis to heart, has stent clips arranged distally, where one of stent clips forms section that is externally rolled in unfolded condition of stent Download PDF

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DE102006052564B3
DE102006052564B3 DE200610052564 DE102006052564A DE102006052564B3 DE 102006052564 B3 DE102006052564 B3 DE 102006052564B3 DE 200610052564 DE200610052564 DE 200610052564 DE 102006052564 A DE102006052564 A DE 102006052564A DE 102006052564 B3 DE102006052564 B3 DE 102006052564B3
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stent
mitral valve
heart
valve
section
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Georg Lutter
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A61F2/2418Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • A61F2220/0016Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0028Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
    • A61F2230/005Rosette-shaped, e.g. star-shaped

Abstract

The mitral valve stent (10) has multiple stent clips (20) that are arranged distally, and multiple anchoring units (30) that are arranged proximally. One of the stent clips forms a section that is externally rolled in a spiral-like manner in an unfolded condition of the mitral valve stent. Each stent clip exhibits a proximal section (20a) and a distal section (20b) that take an angle smaller than 180 degree in the unfolded condition. A spring unit connects the anchoring units and the stent clip, where another spring unit connects the proximal section and the distal section of the stent clip.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen faltbaren Mitralklappenstent mit einer Mehrzahl von distal angeordneten Stentbügeln und einer Mehrzahl von proximal angeordneten Verankerungselementen.The The invention relates to a foldable mitral valve stent with a A plurality of distally disposed stent bars and a plurality of proximally arranged anchoring elements.

Die chirurgische Implantation von Herzklappenprothesen wird am kardioplegischen (herzschlafenden) Herzen durchgeführt (Goldener Standard). Die alte, in ihrer Funktion beeinträchtigte Herzklappe wird üblicherweise herausgeschnitten und die zu implantierende Herzklappenprothese eingenäht.The Surgical implantation of heart valve prostheses is cardioplegic (heart-stopping) hearts performed (Golden Standard). The old, impaired in their function Heart valve is usually cut out and implanted heart valve prosthesis sewn.

Bei Vorliegen von Erkrankungen der Mitralklappe hingegen wird versucht, die alte Klappe trotz aufgetretener Fehlfunktion weitestgehend zu erhalten, damit der gesamte Mitralklappenapparat nicht zerstört wird. Das liegt daran, dass z.B. die Sehnenfäden, die an der Mitralklappe ansetzen, sehr wichtig für die Ventrikelfunktion sind und daher auch möglichst nicht von der alten Mitralklappe losgelöst werden sollten. Ideal ist es daher, die Mitralklappe weitestgehend zur Seite zu drängen, um der neuen Klappe Platz zu machen, wenn sie nicht rekonstruiert werden kann. Der Platz spielt hier eine nicht so gravierende Rolle wie in dem Aortenannulus, bei dem eine Einengung viel leichter zu Stande kommt (z.B. beim Verdrängen der alten Aortenklappe bei rein perkutaner Implantation).at Presence of diseases of the mitral valve, however, it is attempted the old flap as much as possible despite malfunction occurred so that the entire mitral valve apparatus is not destroyed. This is because, e.g. the tendon threads attached to the mitral valve take on, very important for the ventricular function are and therefore not possible from the old one Mitral valve detached should be. Ideal, therefore, the mitral valve as far as possible to push aside, to make way for the new flap if it is not reconstructed can be. The course plays a not so serious role here as in the aortic annulus, which is much easier to narrow Comes off (for example, when displacing the old aortic valve with purely percutaneous implantation).

Die Sehnenfäden (Chordae tendineae) der Mitralklappe sollten dabei nach Möglichkeit in ihrer Struktur erhalten bleiben, um die Ventrikelgeometrie weitestgehend zu erhalten und damit eine bestmögliche Funktion der linken Kammer zu erhalten und zu erreichen.The chordae (Chordae tendineae) of the mitral valve should if possible retained in their structure to the ventricular geometry as far as possible to obtain and thus the best possible To maintain and reach the function of the left ventricle.

Hierbei ist es wiederum sehr wichtig, dass das vordere (anteriore) Mitralklappesegel nicht einfach in den freien Raum Richtung linken Ventrikel gedrückt wird, sondern an den Mitralklappen-Armalus angeheftet wird, damit ein Vorwärts-Drängen des vorderen Mitralklappensegels in den Ausflusstrakt des linken Ventrikels (Sam-Phänomen: Systolic Anterior Movement) verhindert wird. Dieses ist sehr wichtig, da es sonst schnell zu einer Linksherz-Dekompensation (massives Fehlverhalten des linken Ventrikels) kommen kann.in this connection Again, it is very important that the anterior (anterior) mitral valve sails does not simply push in the free space towards the left ventricle, but attached to the mitral valve Armalus, so that one Forward-urging the front Mitral valve leaflet into the outflow tract of the left ventricle (Sam phenomenon: systolic Anterior Movement) is prevented. This is very important because otherwise it quickly leads to left heart decompensation (massive misconduct of the left ventricle).

Chirurgisch wird also die alte Mitralklappe an den alten Annulus geheftet, so dass ein ungehinderter Blutfluss durch die Klappe und durch die beiden anliegenden Herzkammern gegeben ist. Nach dem Zurückdrängen (dem Anheften der Klappe an den Annulus) wird die Herzklappenprothese chirurgisch in diesen Annulus implantiert.surgical so the old mitral valve is attached to the old annulus, so that unimpeded blood flow through the flap and through the is given to both adjoining chambers of the heart. After pushing back (the Attaching the flap to the annulus) becomes the prosthetic heart valve surgically implanted in this annulus.

Diese aufwendige Methode geschieht obligatorisch unter zur Hilfenahme der Herz-Lungen-Maschine und kommt für Hochrisikopatienten regelmäßig nicht in Frage, sodass nach minimal-invasiven oder perkutanen Methoden zur Implantation einer Herzklappe gesucht wurde.These Complex method is obligatory under the help the heart-lung machine and comes for High-risk patients do not regularly in question, so after minimally invasive or percutaneous methods was sought for implantation of a heart valve.

So ist aus der DE 195 46 692 C2 oder in EP 1 469 797 B1 eine selbstexpandierbare Herzklappenprothese zur Implantation im menschlichen Körper über ein Kathetersystem mit einer Herzklappe und mit einem mit der Herzklappe verbundenen zusammenfaltbaren und expandierbaren Stent bekannt.So is out of the DE 195 46 692 C2 or in EP 1 469 797 B1 a self-expandable heart valve prosthesis for implantation in the human body via a catheter system with a heart valve and with a collapsible and expandable stent connected to the heart valve known.

Eine solche selbstexpandierbare Herzklappenprothese kann mit Hilfe eines Kathetersystems durch eine Leistenarterie bis hin zum Implantationsort am Herzen geführt werden. Nach Erreichen des Implantationsortes kann dann ein solcher Stent, der in seiner Längsrichtung aus mehreren relativ zueinander abwinkelbaren selbstexpandierenden Segmenten zusammengesetzt ist, sukzessiv entfaltet werden. Nach der Entfaltung kann die Herzklappenprothese auch mit Unterstützung von Verankerungshaken zumindest im herznahen Bereich im jeweiligen Blutgefäss verankert werden. Die eigentliche Herzklappenprothese befindet sich dabei im proximalen Anteil des Stents.A Such self-expanding heart valve prosthesis can with the help of a Catheter system through a groin artery up to the implantation site led by the heart become. After reaching the implantation site can then such Stent in its longitudinal direction from a plurality of self-expanding relatively bendable Segments is gradually unfolded. To The unfolding can also assist the heart valve prosthesis Anchoring hook anchored at least in the immediate vicinity of the respective blood vessel become. The actual heart valve prosthesis is here in the proximal portion of the stent.

Eine weitere Vorrichtung zur Befestigung und Verankerung von Herklappenprothesen ist in der DE 100 10 074 A1 beschrieben, die im Wesentlichen aus drahtförmigen miteinander verbundenen Elementen gebildet wird. Verschiedene Bügel werden hierbei eingesetzt, um eine sichere Befestigung und Abstützung einer Herzklappe zu erreichen.Another device for attachment and anchoring of hereditary prostheses is in the DE 100 10 074 A1 described, which is formed essentially of wire-shaped interconnected elements. Various brackets are used here to achieve a secure attachment and support of a heart valve.

Bei diesen bekannten Lösungen besteht jedoch die Gefahr einer Fehlimplantation von Herklappen bei der exakten Positionierung und der angularen Ausrichtung der zu implantierenden Herzklappenprothesen.at these known solutions However, there is a risk of incorrect implantation of Herklappen in the exact positioning and the angular alignment of the heart valve prostheses to be implanted.

Eine verbesserte Positionierung und angulare Ausrichtung zur Aortenklappe kann durch den Stent der EP 1 469 797 B1 erreicht werden, bei dem sogenannte Stützbügel ausgebildet sind, die in die Aortentaschen einführbar sind und so eine definierte Entfernung zur Aortenklappe herstellen.Improved positioning and angular alignment with the aortic valve can be achieved through the stent 's stent EP 1 469 797 B1 be achieved, are formed in the so-called support bracket, which are insertable into the aortic pockets and thus produce a defined distance to the aortic valve.

Darüber hinaus besteht auch die Möglichkeit eine fehlgeschlagene Implantation einer Herzklappenprothese abzubrechen und den Klappenstent (in einen Stent integrierte Klappe) wieder in das Kathetersystem (genauer die Kartusche) hineinzuziehen. Hierbei wird dann der gesamte Stent wieder zusammengefaltet und in die Katheteröffnung (Kartusche) zurückgeführt. Dabei ist es möglich den Stent wieder heraus gleiten zu lassen, wenn eine gute Positionierung für den Klappenstent erreicht wird. So kann der Klappenstent heraus und wieder hereingeholt werden bis die optimale Positionierung erreicht wird („sliding technique").In addition, it is also possible to cancel a failed implantation of a heart valve prosthesis and pull the valve stent (flap integrated into a stent) back into the catheter system (more precisely, the cartridge). In this case, the entire stent is then folded back and returned to the catheter opening (cartridge). It is possible to let the stent slide out again, if a good positioning for the valve stent is achieved. Thus, the valve stent can be brought in and out until the optimal positioning is achieved ("sli ding technique ").

Zum Positionieren des Stents können Bowdenzüge für die Kartusche oder für einzelne Katheter-Anteile eingesetzt werden, damit eine Biegsamkeit in alle Richtungen für das Kathetersystem erreicht wird und der Klappenstent damit senkrecht zur Klappenebene und zentriert zur nativen Öffnung der Klappe positioniert werden kann.To the Positioning the stent can cables for the Cartridge or for single catheter portions are used, thus allowing flexibility in all directions for the catheter system is reached and the valve stent with it vertically positioned to the valve plane and centered to the native opening of the valve can be.

Ein weitaus größeres Problem für die optimale Platzierung der neuen Herzklappe im Stent (bzw. Klappenstent) besteht jedoch darin, dass die alte native Klappe in den meisten Fällen der zuvor beschriebenen Implantationstechnik nicht entfernt werden soll.One much bigger problem for the optimal placement of the new heart valve in the stent (or valve stent) However, that is the old native flap in most make the implantation technique described above should not be removed.

Dies für allerdings dazu, dass die neue Klappe, die in eine alte, deformierte Klappe hineingedrückt (teilweise hineingequetscht) wird, in ihrer ursprünglichen Stentform abgewandelt wird. Dies liegt daran, dass der Implantationsort für den Klappenstent durch die Morphologie, den Zustand und die Beschaffenheit der alten nativen Klappe bestimmt wird (z.B. bei Klappersklerose oder -verkalkung der nativen Klappe).This for though to that the new flap, which in an old, deformed flap pushed (partially squeezed in), in its original Stent form is modified. This is because the implantation site for the Flap stent by morphology, condition and texture the old native valve (e.g., rash sclerosis) or calcification of the native valve).

Daher bestimmt der alte Klappenannulus mit den dazugehörigen veränderten Klappen/Taschen inwieweit und wohin sich die neue Klappe entfalten und damit in ihrer Form entwickeln kann. Somit ist also nicht nur die Verankerung/Positionierung wichtig, um eine optimale Klapperfunktion und Vorhof- und Ventrikelfunktion zu erhalten, sondern auch das Einpassen des Klappenstents in den Neo-Annulus (alter Klappenannulus bildet diesen mit alter Klappe aus) und damit das Zurückdrängen der alten Klappe.Therefore determines the old valve annulus with the associated modified flaps / pockets to what extent and where the new flap unfolds and thus in their shape can develop. Thus, not only the anchoring / positioning important to optimal rattle function and atrial and ventricular function but also fitting the valve stent in the Neo-annulus (old valve annulus forms this with old valve aus) and thus the pushing back of the old flap.

Ausgehend von den bei den bekannten Stens auftretenden Problemen ist es daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Stent zu schaffen, der die Anantomie des Herzens möglichst unbeeinflusst lässt. Insbesondere soll ein Stent zur Aufnahme einer Mitralldappenprothese geschaffen werden, bei dessen Implantation die Klappenanteile der alten Mitralklappe nicht mehr den Durchfluss des Blutes stören (insbesondere das anteriore Mitralklappensegel) und andererseits aber die Sehnenfadenspannung im Ventrikel erhalten bleibt.outgoing of the problems encountered with the known Stens, it is therefore the object of the invention to provide a stent, the anantomy the heart as possible unaffected. In particular, a stent for receiving a Mitralldappenprothese be created, at the implantation of the valve shares the old mitral valve no longer disturb the flow of blood (in particular the anterior mitral valve leaflet) and on the other hand the tendon thread tension preserved in the ventricle.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Mitralklappenstent mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden mit den in den untergeordneten Ansprüchen bezeichneten Merkmalen erreicht.According to the invention this Task by a Mitralklappenstent with the features of the claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are provided with the features indicated in the subordinate claims reached.

Die Grundidee der Erfindung ist es, die Vorteile einer invasiven, chirurgischen Fixierung des anterioren Mitralklappensegels an den alten Annulus mit den Vorteilen der minimal-invasiven Operation durch Einbringen eines in einem Katheter geführten Stents dadurch zu vereinen, dass der erfindungsgemäße Stent das Einrollen des anterioren Mitralklappensegels bewirkt und damit zu ähnlich vorteilhaften Verhältnissen wie beim chirurgischen Anheften der Mitralklappe an den Annulus führt.The The basic idea of the invention is the advantages of an invasive, surgical Fixing the anterior mitral valve leaflet to the old annulus with the benefits of minimally invasive surgery by introducing a in a catheter guided stents to unite that the stent according to the invention, the curling of the Anterior Mitralklappensegels causes and thus to similarly advantageous conditions as in the surgical attachment of the mitral valve to the annulus leads.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines in den beigefügten Zeichnungen abgebildeten besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The The invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawings illustrated particularly preferred embodiment explained in more detail. It demonstrate:

1a eine Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Stents; 1a a side view of the stent according to the invention;

1b eine Draufsicht auf den erfindungsgemäßen Stent; 1b a plan view of the stent according to the invention;

1c eine perspektivische Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Stent von schräg oben; 1c a perspective view of the stent according to the invention obliquely from above;

1d eine Lateral-Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Stents; 1d a lateral view of the stent according to the invention;

1e eine weitere Lateral-Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Stents; 1e another lateral view of the stent according to the invention;

1f eine weitere Lateral-Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Stents; 1f another lateral view of the stent according to the invention;

1g eine Seitenansicht des Stents in gefaltetem Zustand; 1g a side view of the stent in the folded state;

2 eine perspektivische Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Stents; 2 a perspective view of the stent according to the invention;

3 eine Draufsicht des Stents nach der Erfindung; 3 a top view of the stent according to the invention;

4 eine Detailansicht eines Stentbügels mit Verstärkung des ventrikulären Anteils; 4 a detailed view of a stent strap with reinforcement of the ventricular portion;

5 eine Detailansicht eines Stentbügels mit Schlaufen im proximalen und distalen mittleren Drittel zum Erhalt der Elastizität oder einer möglichen Fixation von Gewebe oder der Herzklappenprothese; 5 a detailed view of a stent strap with loops in the proximal and distal middle third to obtain the elasticity or a possible fixation of tissue or the heart valve prosthesis;

6 eine Detailansicht eines Stentbügels (atrial bis ventrikulär) mit als Ösen ausgebildeten Befestigungselementen zur Befestigung einer Abdichtungsmembran (Abdichtung zwischen Stent und Klappe); 6 a detailed view of a stent (atrial to ventricular) stent with fasteners designed as eyelets for attachment of a sealing membrane (seal between stent and flap);

7 eine schematische Abfolge des Einrollablaufs eines ventrikulären Stentbügels zur Ausbildung einer "Mozartlocke" aus dem anterioren Mitralklappensegel; 7 a schematic sequence of the rolling process of a ventricular stent bar to form a "Mozartlocke" from the anterior mitral valve leaflets;

8 eine Darstellung des Herzen mit linkem Vorhof und linker Kammer und umgebenden Strukturen in einem ersten Stadium des Operationsverlaufs zur Implantation einer Herzklappe; 8th a representation of the heart with lin atrial and left ventricle and surrounding structures in a first stage of the surgical procedure for implantation of a heart valve;

9 eine Darstellung des Herzen einem gegenüber 8 leicht fortgeschrittenen Stadium des Operationsverlaufs; 9 a representation of the heart opposite one 8th slightly advanced stage of the course of the operation;

10 eine Darstellung eines Operationsstadiums im Zeitpunkt der Stent-Ausbringung; 10 a representation of an operating stage at the time of stent delivery;

11 eine Darstellung eines Operationsstadiums im Zeitpunkt der Positionierung des erfindungsgemäßen Stents; 11 a representation of an operating stage at the time of positioning of the stent according to the invention;

12 eine Darstellung eines Operationsstadiums bei nahezu vollständiger Ausdehnung des Stents, 12 a representation of an operation stage with almost complete expansion of the stent,

13 eine Darstellung der räumlichen Verhältnisse nach Anordnen des erfindungsgemäßen Stents unter Fixieren des Stents durch Einrollen des alten anterioren Mitralklappensegels auf der anterioren Seite und 13 a representation of the spatial relationships after placement of the stent according to the invention under fixing the stent by rolling the old anterior mitral valve leaflet on the anterior side and

14 eine vergrößerte Darstellung des anterioren Mitralklappensegels bei vollständig eingesetztem Stent in situ. 14 an enlarged view of the anterior mitral valve leaflet when the stent is fully inserted in situ.

Die 1A1G zeigen den erfindungsgemäßen Stent zur Implantation und Befestigung von Herzklappenprothesen in verschiedenen Ansichten zur Verdeutlichung des Aufbaus des Stents und der räumlichen Verhältnisse der einzelnen Stentabschnitte zueinander in einem entfalteten Zustand (1A1F) und einem gefalteten Zustand (1G). Die Maßangaben haben sich als für die Mitralklappenimplantation vorteilhafte Angaben herausgestellt.The 1A - 1G show the stent according to the invention for implantation and attachment of heart valve prosthesis in various views to illustrate the structure of the stent and the spatial relationships of the individual stent sections to each other in an unfolded state ( 1A - 1F ) and a folded state ( 1G ). The dimensions have been found to be advantageous for mitral valve implantation.

2 zeigt den faltbaren Mitralklappenstent 10 nach der Erfindung in einer perspektivischen Seitenansicht ähnlich der in 1C gezeigten Ansicht. Der Stent 10 weist im wesentlichen zwei Abschnitte auf, die jeweils in weitere Unterabschnitte unterteilt sein können. Proximal sind am Stent 10 kreisförmig eine Vielzahl von Verankerungselementen 30 angeordnet, die den Mitralklappenstent 10 im implantierten Zustand supravalvulär bzw. atrial verankern. Di- Distal angeordnet befinden sich eine Vielzahl von Stentbügel 20, die bevorzugt einen ersten, den Verankerungselementen benachbart angeordneten Abschnitt 20a aufweisen, an dem ein zweiter Abschnitt 20b gebildet ist, dessen freies Ende sich in einem definierten Winkel vom ersten Abschnitt 20a (in 1F sind es beispielsweise 40°) erstreckt. Dieser zweite Abschnitt 20b ist zur ventrikulären Verankerung des Stents 10 eingerichtet. 2 shows the foldable mitral valve stent 10 according to the invention in a perspective side view similar to in 1C shown view. The stent 10 essentially has two sections, which may each be subdivided into further subsections. Proximal are on the stent 10 circular a variety of anchoring elements 30 arranged the mitral valve stent 10 anchored in the implanted state supravalvular or atrial. Di- Distal are located a variety of stent bars 20 , which preferably has a first section adjacent to the anchoring elements 20a have, at which a second section 20b is formed, the free end of which is at a defined angle from the first section 20a (in 1F it is for example 40 °). This second section 20b is for ventricular anchoring of the stent 10 set up.

3 zeigt den Stent aus 2 in einer Draufsicht. Dabei ist zu erkennen, dass der Stent 10 einen Annulus bildet, in den die Herzklappenprothese eingesetzt und an dem sie befestigt werden kann. Weiterhin ist zu erkennen, dass der erfindungsgemäße Stent 10 in Bezug auf die Vielzahl von Stentbügeln 20 asymmetrisch ausgebildet sein kann. Dieses ist daran zu erkennen, dass die mit Bezugszeichen 20 gekennzeichneten Stentbügelabschnitte 20b lediglich die linke Hälfte des erfindungsgemäßen Stents 10 einnehmen. 3 shows the stent 2 in a top view. It can be seen that the stent 10 forms a ring into which the heart valve prosthesis can be inserted and attached. Furthermore, it can be seen that the stent according to the invention 10 in terms of the variety of stent bars 20 may be asymmetrical. This can be seen from the fact that with reference numerals 20 characterized Stentbügelabschnitte 20b only the left half of the stent according to the invention 10 taking.

4 zeigt einen Ausschnitt der perspektivischen Ansicht des Stents aus 2, die deutlich machen soll, dass der zweite Abschnitt 20b des Stentbügels 20 verstärkt ausgebildet ist. 4 shows a section of the perspective view of the stent 2 that should make it clear that the second section 20b of the stent strap 20 is formed reinforced.

Zur Erreichung einer Elastizität der Verankerungselemente 30 und der Stentbügel 20 bzw. des ersten Abschnitts 20a und des zweiten Abschnitts 20b des Stentbügels 20 zueinander sind bevorzugt Ösen ausbildende Schlaufen 40, 50 vorgesehen. Diese Federelemente 40, 50 haben zum einen die Funktion, dass der erfindungsgemäße Stent 10 faltbar und aus dem gefalteten Zustand zum entfalteten Zustand selbstexpandierend ist. Weiterhin können diese Federelemente 40, 50 aber auch zur Befestigung des Stents 10 am Gewebe oder der (nicht gezeigten) Herzklappenprothese verwendet werden.To achieve an elasticity of the anchoring elements 30 and the stent strap 20 or the first section 20a and the second section 20b of the stent strap 20 to each other are preferably eyelets forming loops 40 . 50 intended. These spring elements 40 . 50 on the one hand have the function that the stent according to the invention 10 Foldable and self-expanding from the folded state to the unfolded state. Furthermore, these spring elements 40 . 50 but also for fixing the stent 10 on the tissue or the heart valve prosthesis (not shown).

Zusätzlich oder alternativ zu den als ösenartigen Schlaufen ausgebildeten Federelementen 40, 50 können auch Befestigungselemente 60, 70 vorgesehen sein, die auch als Ösen ausgebildet sein können und die beispielsweise zum Befestigen des Stents 10 an Herzmuskelgewebe oder einer zwischen der Herzklappenprothese und dem Stent 10 angeordneten Abdichtungsmembran (nicht gezeigt) verwendet werden können.Additionally or alternatively to the designed as a loop-like loops spring elements 40 . 50 can also fasteners 60 . 70 be provided, which may also be formed as eyelets and, for example, for attaching the stent 10 on myocardial tissue or between the heart valve prosthesis and the stent 10 arranged sealing membrane (not shown) can be used.

7 verdeutlicht den Grundgedanken der Erfindung anhand einer sequentiellen Darstellung des durch den erfindungsgemäßen Stent 10 bewirkten Einrollvorgangs des anterioren Mitralklappensegels in einer Detailzeichung des Stents 10. Gemäß der Erfindung ist wenigstens ein Stentbügel 20', nämlich derjenige Stentbügel 20', der dem anterioren Mitralklappensegel zugewendet sein wird, derart ausgebildet, dass dieser einen Abschnitt aufweist, der sich beim Entfalten des Stents 10 spiralartig nach Außen einrollt und in diesem Zustand bei voll ständiger Entfaltung verbleibt. Dieser Vorgang wird bevorzugt dadurch erzeugt, dass wenigstens dieser eine Stentbügel 20' aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung besteht. Diese kann beispielsweise NiTiNol, eine andere Legierung oder auch Kunststoffe sein, die diesen Memory-Effekt aufweisen. 7 illustrates the basic idea of the invention with reference to a sequential representation of the stent according to the invention 10 caused rolling-in of the anterior mitral valve leaflet in a detail drawing of the stent 10 , According to the invention, at least one stent bar 20 ' namely the stent bar 20 ' which will be facing the anterior mitral valve leaflet, formed so as to have a portion extending upon deployment of the stent 10 spiraling outwards and remaining in this state at full deployment. This process is preferably produced in that at least this one stent 20 ' consists of a shape memory alloy. This can be, for example, NiTiNol, another alloy or even plastics which have this memory effect.

Im Folgenden wird das Einbringen des erfindungsgemäßen Stents 10 an seinen vorbestimmten Platz im menschlichen Herz zur weiteren Veranschaulichung der Erfindung anhand der 814 erläutert.The following is the introduction of the stent according to the invention 10 to its predetermined place in the human heart for further veran Illustrate the invention with reference to the 8th - 14 explained.

Der Stent 10 wird bevorzugt eine (nicht gezeigte) Herzklappenprothese tragen (s.o.) und wird dann auch als Klappenstent 10 bezeichnet. Der Stent 10 besitzt bevorzugt die in 1 gezeigten Maße und ist so ausgebildet, dass er in gefalteter Form in einer mit einem in 8 gezeigten Katheter verbindbaren Kartusche 100 aufgenommen werden kann. Der Stent 10 sollte dabei so komprimiert werden, dass sämtliche Teile ein gewisses Maß einer radial nach Außen wirkenden Vorspannung aufweisen, die nach Freigabe durch eine Kartusche 100 die Selbstexpansion bewirken (z.B. durch die Federelemente 40, 50 und die Verwendung einer Formgedächtnislegierung).The stent 10 will preferably carry a heart valve prosthesis (not shown) (see above) and will then also function as a valve stent 10 designated. The stent 10 preferably has the in 1 shown dimensions and is designed so that in folded form in one with a in 8th shown catheter connectable cartridge 100 can be included. The stent 10 should be compressed so that all parts have a certain degree of radially outward bias, after release by a cartridge 100 cause the self-expansion (eg by the spring elements 40 . 50 and the use of a shape memory alloy).

Die im Stent 10 integrierte Herzklappe (Klappenstent) kann mit der Kartusche 100 mit Hilfe eines Katheters perkutan (z.B. Femoralarterie oder -vene), endovaskulär oder minimal-invasiv über ein oder mehrere Gefäß(e) oder direkt zum Herzen vorgeführt werden und dort annulär in den Mitralring implantiert werden. Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Klappenstent minimal-invasiv oder perkutan über die Brustwand direkt in die linke Herzkammer und dann retrograd in die Mitralklappenposition oder durch die Brustwand und den linken Vorhof antegrad in die Mitralklappenposition zu bringen, um den Stent 10 dort zu positionieren und zu verankern. Ein weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, dass der Mitralklappenstent 10 am offenen Brustkorb mit/oder ohne Herz-Lungenmaschine durch den linken Vorhof (antegrad) oder durch die linke Herzkammer (retrograd) in den Mitralklappenannulus implantiert werden kann.The in the stent 10 integrated heart valve (valve stent) can with the cartridge 100 percutaneously (eg femoral artery or vein), endovascularly or minimally invasively via one or more vessels or directly to the heart, where they are implanted in the mitral ring in an annular manner. Another possibility is to bring the valve stent minimally invasively or percutaneously through the chest wall directly into the left ventricle and then retrograde into the mitral valve position or through the chest wall and left atrium antegrade to the mitral valve position around the stent 10 to position and anchor there. Another possibility is that the mitral valve stent 10 can be implanted on the open thorax with / without heart-lung machine through the left atrium (antegrade) or through the left ventricle (retrograde) into the mitral valve annulus.

Zur besseren Orientierung werden zunächst in 8 die anatomischen Verhältnisse im Herzen näher erläutert. Die den Stent 10 enthaltende Kartusche 100 wird bei antegradem Einführen durch den linken Vorhof LA eingeführt. Die zu ersetzende Mitralklappe besteht aus dem anterioren Mitralklappensegel AMKS und dem posterioren Mitralklappensegel PMKS, die im linken Ventrikel LV über die Sehnenfäden (Chordae tendineae; CT) mit dem anterioren Pappillarmuskel AP oder mit dem posterioren Papillarmuskel verbunden sind. Schließlich ist auch die Aortenklappe AK zu erkennen, die bei den herkömmlichen Stents Gefahr läuft, in ihrer Funktion beeinträchtigt zu werden.For better orientation, first in 8th the anatomical conditions in the heart explained in more detail. The stent 10 containing cartridge 100 is inserted through the left atrium LA on antegrade insertion. The mitral valve to be replaced consists of the anterior mitral valve leaflet AMKS and the posterior mitral valve bladder PMKS, which in the left ventricle LV are connected via the tendon threads (Chordae tendineae, CT) to the anterior papillary muscle AP or to the posterior papillary muscle. Finally, the aortic valve AK can be recognized, which runs the risk of being impaired in the function of conventional stents.

Die Länge der Kartusche 100 ist so abgestimmt, dass vor dem Öffnen dieser Kartusche 100 (z.B. bei transatrialem Zugang) die Spitze der Kartusche 100 im Apex des linken Ventrikels zu liegen kommt. Wie aus 9 ersichtlich, kommt die Öffnung der Kartusche 100 mit dem Mitralklappenstent 10 dabei so zu liegen, dass beim Öffnen der Kartusche 100 der proximalseitige, ventrikuläre Anteil des Klappenstents 10 kurz unterhalb des anterioren Mitralklappensegels AMKS im Bereich der distalen Cordae tendineae CT liegt.The length of the cartridge 100 is tuned to that before opening this cartridge 100 (eg in transatrial access) the tip of the cartridge 100 lies in the apex of the left ventricle. How out 9 seen, comes the opening of the cartridge 100 with the mitral valve stent 10 while lying so that when opening the cartridge 100 the proximal-sided, ventricular portion of the valve stent 10 located just below the anterior mitral valve bladder AMKS in the area of the distal Cordae tendineae CT.

Dann werden, wie in 10 und 11 gezeigt, die proximalseitigen Stützbügel 20 langsam ausgefahren, so dass hier ein Widerstand am ventrikelwärts-gelegenen Teil der Mitralklappensegel AMKS, PMKS entsteht, wenn der Katheter langsam nach atrial gezogen wird. Unter gleichzeitiger Visualisierungs-Kontrolle kann dann z.B. damit begonnen werden, das anteriore Mitralklappensegel AMKS einzurollen. Dies geschieht mittels des wenigstens einen proximalseitigen Stentbügels 20', der die Funktion hat, sich selbst mit dem anterioren Mitralklappensegel AMKS einzurollen und das Segel nach lateral und basal zu verdrängen und/oder einzupacken. So wird das anteriore Mitraklappensegel AMKS zur Seite gedrängt und eingeklappt.Then, as in 10 and 11 shown, the proximal support bracket 20 slowly extended so that resistance to the ventricular-distal portion of the mitral valve leaflets AMKS, PMKS arises when the catheter is slowly pulled atrial. With simultaneous visualization control, it is then possible, for example, to start rolling the anterior mitral valve leaflet AMKS. This is done by means of the at least one proximal stent bar 20 ' which has the function of curling itself with the anterior mitral valve sail AMKS and displacing and / or wrapping the sail laterally and basally. Thus, the anterior miter flap sail AMKS is pushed aside and folded.

Erst hiernach würde dann der weitere (mediale und distale Anteil) des Klappenstents 10 (mit der nicht gezeigten integrierten Herzklappe) langsam aus der Kartusche 100 gerollt, so das die Herzklappenprothese im Bereich des alten Annulus zu liegen kommt.Only then would then the further (medial and distal portion) of the valve stent 10 (with the integrated heart valve, not shown) slowly out of the cartridge 100 rolled, so that the heart valve prosthesis comes to rest in the area of the old annulus.

Wie in 12 und 13 gezeigt, dienen die nach distal gelegenen Verankerungselemente 30 dazu, sich im Bereich des Vorhofes LA (supravalvulär, atrial) zu verankern. Diese Verankerung wird ebenfalls visualisiert (z. B. Echo, NMR, Fluoroskopie, Computertomographie etc.), damit die exakte Positionierung des Klappenstents 10 erreicht wird.As in 12 and 13 shown serve the distal anchoring elements 30 to anchor in the area of the atrium LA (supravalvular, atrial). This anchorage is also visualized (eg, echo, NMR, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, etc.), so that the exact positioning of the valve stent 10 is reached.

14 zeigt noch einmal im Detail, wie der wenigstens eine Stentbügel 20' im entfalteten Zustand des Stents 10 das anteriore Mitralklappensegel AMKS fixiert und einen natürlichen Blutfluss ermöglicht ohne dass dieses Auswirkungen beispielsweise auf die Aortenklappe hat. Gleichzeitig bleibt dabei die Funktion der Chordae tendineae CT erhalten. Dabei kann der Abschnitt, der sich im entfalteten Zustand des Stents 10 spiralartig nach Außen einrollt, ein Teilabschnitt des Stentbügels 20' oder der gesamte Stentbügel 20' sein. Denkbar ist auch, dass es sich bei diesem Abschnitt um den zweiten Abschnitt 20b des Stentbügel 20' eines besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels des Stents 10 nach der Erfindung handelt. 14 shows again in detail how the at least one stent bar 20 ' in the deployed state of the stent 10 fixes the anterior mitral valve leaflet AMKS and allows for natural blood flow without affecting the aortic valve, for example. At the same time, the function of the chordae tendineae CT is preserved. It may involve the section that unfolds in the deployed state of the stent 10 spiraling outwards, a section of the stent strap 20 ' or the entire stent 20 ' be. It is also conceivable that this section is the second section 20b the stent strap 20 ' a particularly preferred embodiment of the stent 10 according to the invention acts.

Gegenüber den bekannten Lösungen besteht hiermit also die Möglichkeit, dass mindestens ein Segel verdrängt wird und partiell oder komplett eingepackt/eingerollt wird. Dieses erfolgt über den wenigstens einen Stützbügel 20' (siehe 14), der sich mit dem Klappensegel zusammen einrollt. Sollte das einmal nicht funktionieren und der Klappenstent 10 nicht exakt zu positionieren sein, muss dieser wieder entfaltet und in die Kartusche 100 zurückgezogen werden und erneut positioniert werden.Compared to the known solutions, there is thus the possibility that at least one sail is displaced and partially or completely wrapped / rolled. This is done via the at least one support bracket 20 ' (please refer 14 ), which curls up with the flap sail together. Should not work once and the valve stent 10 can not be positioned exactly, this must be unfolded again and in the cartridge 100 withdrawn and be repositioned.

Um dieses Verdrängen und Einklappen einzelner Klappensegel zu erreichen, kann es sein, dass mehr als ein Stentbügel 20' vonnöten ist. Gleichzeitig gibt es auch die Möglichkeit, unterschiedliche Betätigungselemente für ein Implantations-Manöver einzusetzen, wie z.B. Bowdenzüge, flexible Katheter, Ösen oder andere Materialien, die sich mit oder gegeneinander bewegen, so dass sich einzelne oder in Gruppen orientierte Stützbügel 20' zeitlich voneinander abgesetzt entfalten können, bzw. einrollen/einklappen können. Dieses voneinander unabhängige Entwickeln/Wirken von Teilelementen des Stents 10 ist nötig, um eine genaue Positionierung, Verankerung und lokales Einwickeln des Klappensegel AMKS zu erreichen.To achieve this displacement and collapse of individual leaflets, it may be that more than one stent 20 ' is needed. At the same time it is also possible to use different actuators for an implantation maneuver, such as Bowden cables, flexible catheters, eyelets or other materials that move with or against each other, so that individual or group-oriented support bracket 20 ' can unfold in time from one another, or roll in / fold in. This independent development / working of partial elements of the stent 10 is necessary to achieve accurate positioning, anchoring and local wrapping of the flap sails AMKS.

Um eine guten Durchfluss über der neuen Mitralklappe und dem linksventrikulären Ausflusstrakt zu erhalten, muss die alte Klappe mittels der sich proximalseitigen Stentbügel eingerollt und darüber hinaus an den Mitralklappenannulus herangehoben werden. Dies geschieht dadurch, dass sich nach dem gesamten Ausfahren des Mitralklappenstents 10 die atrialen und ventrikulären Anteile 20, 30 des Stents 10 aufeinander zu bewegen und damit die Sehenfäden CT wieder durchspannen und die Mitralklappensegel AMKS, PMKS zum Annulus bewegen.In order to get a good flow over the new mitral valve and the left ventricular outflow tract, the old valve must be rolled up by means of the proximal stent bars and, in addition, raised to the mitral valve annulus. This happens because after the entire extension of the mitral valve stent 10 the atrial and ventricular portions 20 . 30 of the stent 10 move towards each other and thus re-tension the sutures CT and move the mitral valve leaflets AMKS, PMKS to the annulus.

Der Blutstrom aus dem linken Vorhof via linker Herzkammer in die Aorta ascendens ist so frei und ungehindert möglich.Of the Blood flow from the left atrium via the left ventricle into the aorta ascendens is so free and unhindered possible.

Zur besseren Fixation hat z.B. der Mitralklappenstent einen größeren Winkel als 90° zwischen den atrialen (supravalvulären, 30) und den medialen (in der Mitte liegenden, zwischen 20 und 30) Stentstreben. Diese Aufweitung der atrialen zu den annulären und ventrikulären 20 Stentanteilen fördert die Fixation des Klappenstents in dem Neo-Annulus und verhindert seine Migration.to better fixation has e.g. the mitral valve stent a larger angle as 90 ° between the atrial (supravalvular, 30) and the medial (in the middle, between 20 and 30) Stent struts. This dilation of the atrial to the annular and ventricular Promotes 20 stent shares the fixation of the valve stent in the neo-annulus and prevents his migration.

Claims (8)

Faltbarer Mitralklappenstent (10) mit einer Mehrzahl von distal angeordneten Stentbügeln (20) und einer Mehrzahl von proximal angeordneten Verankerungselementen (30), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mitralklappenstent (10) wenigstens einen, einen sich im entfalteten Zustand des Mitralklappenstents (10) spiralartig nach Außen einrollenden Abschnitt ausbildenden Stentbügel (20') aufweist.Foldable mitral valve stent ( 10 ) with a plurality of distally arranged stent bars ( 20 ) and a plurality of proximal anchoring elements ( 30 ), characterized in that the mitral valve stent ( 10 ) at least one, one in the unfolded state of the mitral valve stent ( 10 ) spiraling outwardly curling section forming stent ( 20 ' ) having. Mitralklappenstent (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Stentbügel (20) einen proximalen Abschnitt (20a) und einen distalen Abschnitt (20b) aufweist, wobei der proximale Abschnitt (20a) und der distale Abschnitt (20b) im entfalteten Zustand einen Winkel kleiner als 180° einnehmen.Mitral valve stent ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one stent ( 20 ) a proximal section ( 20a ) and a distal section ( 20b ), wherein the proximal portion ( 20a ) and the distal section ( 20b ) in the unfolded state occupy an angle smaller than 180 °. Mitralklappenstent (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein ein Verankerungselement (30) und einen Stentbügel (20) verbindendes Federelement (40) vorgesehen ist.Mitral valve stent ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an anchoring element ( 30 ) and a stent ( 20 ) connecting spring element ( 40 ) is provided. Mitralklappenstent (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Federelement (50) vorgesehen ist, das den ersten Abschnitt (20a) und den zweiten Abschnitt (20b) des Stentbügels (20) verbindet.Mitral valve stent ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spring element ( 50 ), the first section ( 20a ) and the second section ( 20b ) of the stent-hanger ( 20 ) connects. Mitralklappenstent (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mitralklappenstent (10) entlang seiner Längsachse selbstexpandierend zusammenfaltbar ist.Mitral valve stent ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mitral valve stent ( 10 ) is foldable self-expanding along its longitudinal axis. Mitralklappenstent (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stentbügel (20) wenigstens ein Befestigungselement (60, 70) zum Verbinden des Mitralklappenstents (10) mit Herzmuskelgewebe oder einer zwischen der Herzklappe und dem Mitralklappenstent (10) angeordneten Abdichtungsmembran aufweist.Mitral valve stent ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stent ( 20 ) at least one fastening element ( 60 . 70 ) for connecting the mitral valve stent ( 10 ) with myocardial tissue or between the heart valve and the mitral valve stent ( 10 ) has arranged sealing membrane. Mitralklappenstent (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens der einen sich spiralartig nach Außen einrollenden Abschnitt ausbildende Stentbügel (20') aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung besteht.Mitral valve stent ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the spiraling outwardly curling section forming stent ( 20 ' ) consists of a shape memory alloy. Mitralklappenstent (10) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Formgedächtnislegierung NiTiNol ist.Mitral valve stent ( 10 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the shape memory alloy is NiTiNol.
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