CN86108617A - 汽车传动拉杆中的全轮止动系统 - Google Patents

汽车传动拉杆中的全轮止动系统 Download PDF

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CN86108617A
CN86108617A CN86108617.1A CN86108617A CN86108617A CN 86108617 A CN86108617 A CN 86108617A CN 86108617 A CN86108617 A CN 86108617A CN 86108617 A CN86108617 A CN 86108617A
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planetary gear
brake
transmission shaft
stop system
hollow wheels
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CN86108617.1A
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CN1008163B (zh
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赫尔曼·皮特舒
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Publication of CN86108617A publication Critical patent/CN86108617A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3505—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with self-actuated means, e.g. by difference of speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • F16H2048/104—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears characterised by two ring gears

Abstract

汽车前轴-后轴传动拉杆中的全轮止动系统由 一个借助直接差动的行星齿轮装置和一个与其行星 齿轮架啮合的制动装置构成。行星齿轮装置是由一 个对传动轴抗扭的主动空心轮，一个与其邻近同轴配 置的对传动轴抗扭的齿数略少的从动空心轮，以及与 两个空心轮共同啮合的配置在行星齿轮架上并与其 共同转动的具有较多的行星齿轮构成。

Description

本发明涉及汽车前轴-后轴传动拉杆中的全轮止动系统，该系统装有一个借助直接差动的行星齿轮装置和一个与其行星齿轮架啮合的制动装置，其对直接差动的齿轮传动比的偏差仅为1∶1，但对制动装置的齿轮传动比却明显很大。
这种止动系统在DE-PS3507490中已作了介绍。其所用行星齿轮装置由一个与传动轴相连结的主动太阳齿轮、一个与其邻近同轴配置并与传动轴连结的齿数略多的从动太阳齿轮以及与两个太阳齿轮共同啮合的装置在行星齿轮架上的行星齿轮。在行星齿轮架上装有击发杠杆轴，在该轴上所装置的制动组件即制动颚板，在行星齿轮架转动时起离心配重作用并与其制动块一起装置在作为反向制动组件的固定的制动鼓上。因为从动太阳齿轮比主动太阳齿轮少一个或两个轮齿，所以与太阳齿轮的齿轮传动比例如为16∶1的行星齿轮架也可不断地转动，而当前轴和后轴同步转动时，使止动系统持续产生即使是很小的损耗功率。例如，如果主动太阳齿轮的齿数为Z＝32，从动太阳齿轮的齿数为Z＝30，则行星齿轮架与太阳齿轮的齿轮传动比为16∶1。在足够轮齿强度条件下为了在太阳齿轮的外径上配置32个轮齿，止动系统的最小结构尺寸由太阳齿轮必需的外径决定。
本发明的任务在于进一步发展一种这样的止动系统，即在同样强度值的情况下，要求更小的结构空间。
本发明任务的解决是所用行星齿轮装置由一个对传动轴（6）抗扭的主动空心轮（8），一个与其邻近同轴配置的与传动轴抗扭的齿数差别很小的从动空心轮，以及与两个空心轮共同啮合并配置在行星齿架且与其一起转动的行星齿轮组成。这里是用两个相邻配置的齿数差别很小的空心轮代替两个太阳齿轮，行星齿轮架的行星齿轮与其啮合，制动装置与该行星齿轮啮合。如果空心轮的轮齿圆周必须与太阳齿轮的轮齿圆周同样大小，那么这种止动系统的径向扩展也将显著减小，因为行星齿轮是由轮齿圆周径向向内配置的。由于行星齿轮架轮对的直径较小，其飞轮质量也很小，使止动系统具有良好的开闭能力并使轮对的平衡差度不会产生负作用。
制动装置由一个与行星齿轮架抗扭连接的制动组件和一个与其相互作用的反向制动组件构成，该反向制动组件与一个导向后轴的传动轴抗扭连接。在他们同步转动时，整个止动系统一起转动，而行星齿轮架并不作相对转动，因此在这种情况下制动力矩和功率损耗也都不会产生。当前轴和后轴的转速不同时，才产生制动的止动力矩，因为只有此时制动组体和反向制动组件会产生相对转动。由于这个原因，角传动装置与前轴和后轴的传动比也能相同。
附图给出本发明的实施例并说明如下：
图1是汽车的全轮驱动图，
图2是全轮止动系统的纵视图，
图3是沿图2Ⅲ-Ⅲ线的剖视图。
邻近汽车前轴1配置的驱动马达2用一个装于其中的变速齿轮箱3通过一个锥齿轮4和一个盘形齿轮5驱动前轴1。由锥齿轮4经传动轴6驱动一个以锯齿啮合7固定在传动轴6上并配以内啮合的行星齿轮装置的主动空心轮8。
在邻近主动空心轮8处配置一个从动空心轮9，与主动空心轮8同轴，从动空心轮9安装在紧密围着止动系统的壳体11的表面10的接合面内。在壳体11右端面12外装有一个传动轴13，该传动轴13通过锥齿轮14和盘形齿轮15驱动汽车后轴16。传动轴6通过壳体11的左端面与传动轴13同轴，安装在壳体11的左端面17和右端面12内的轴承18和19中。
三个行星齿轮20与主动空心轮8和从动空心轮9共同啮合，并且对称配置在空心轮8，9的周围。行星齿轮20安装在击发杠杆轴21上，该击发杠杆轴21压紧在U形的行星齿轮架22中。传动轴上的行星齿轮架配置在轴承23和24中。在行星齿轮架22上，构成一个叶片形半杯的制动组件25，其一半是液压联轴节，其另一半的叶片形半杯用作反向制动组件26，它与壳体11的右端面12形成一个整体并集中和固定在壳体11的表面10。两个半球共同构成一个充满液体的环形液室27，在两个半杯作相互的相对转动时，由于液体的切力转变为相应的制动力矩。
主动空心轮8的齿数为Z＝54，从动空心轮9的齿数为Z＝51，使直接差动比为54∶51。与行星齿轮架22的齿轮传动比为18∶1。如果产生前轴1与后轴之间的转速差和传动轴6与传动轴10之间同样大小的转速差，那么行星齿轮架就以18倍的这种转速差转动。由于制动组件与反向制动组件的相对转动，形成一个相应于转速差的制动力矩，该制动力矩使前轴和后轴同步转动。
由于液压制动力矩的累进增加，在滑动值很小时，此动力矩保持很小。汽车操纵良好，ABS制完全适用。在滑动值很大时，例如前轴1的车辆在冰上滑转，后轴13的车轮停留在不光滑的沥青路上，出现这种情况，则止动力矩骤然增大，在这种极端情况下汽车也能毫无问题地进行行驶。

Claims (9)

1、汽车前轴-后轴传动拉杆中的全轮止动系统，该系统装有一个借助直接差动的行星齿轮装置和一个与其行星齿轮架啮合的制动装置，其对直接差动的齿轮传动比的偏差仅为1∶1，但对制动装置的齿轮传动比却明显很大，根据DE-PS3507490号专利，其特征在于，行星齿轮装置是由一个对传动轴(6)抗扭的主动空心轮(8)，一个与其邻近同轴配置的与传动轴(13)抗扭的齿数差别很小的从动空心轮(9)，以及与两个空心轮(8，9)共同啮合并配置在行星齿轮架上(22)且与其一起转动的行星齿轮(20)组成。
2、根据权利要求1的止动系统，其特征在于，制动装置由一个与行星齿轮架（22）抗扭连接的制动组件（25）和一个与其相互作用的反向制动组件（26）构成，该反向制动组件（26）与一个导向后轴（16）的传动轴（13）抗扭连接。
3、根据权利要求1和2的止动系统，其特征在于，它由一个壳体（11）紧密围着，该壳体（11）由一个圆柱形的表面（10）和两个平整的端面（12，17）组成，在其中一个端面（12）外配置有传动轴（13）。
4、根据权利要求3的止动系统，其特征在于，在壳体（11）内固定配置有反向制动组件（26）和从动空心轮（9）。
5、根据权利要求3的止动系统，其特征在于，壳体（11）的右端面和左端面有中心与传动轴（13）同轴的传动轴（6）的轴承（18，19），在该轴承（18，19）上装有制动组件（25）和行星齿轮架（22）。
6、根据权利要求2的止动系统，其特征在于，制动组件（25）和反向制动组件（26）共同构成液压联轴节。
7、根据权利要求5的止动系统，其特征在于，制动组件（25）和反向制动组件（26）构成叶片形半杯，围着充满油液的环形液室（27）。
8、根据权利要求1的止动系统，其特征在于，制动组件（25）和反向制动组件（26）共同构成离心式制动器，带式制动器或盘式制动器。
9、根据权利要求1的止动系统，其特征在于，制动组件（25）和反向制动组件（26）共同构成电动涡流制动器。
CN86108617A 1986-08-29 1986-12-18 汽车传动系中全轮防滑锁止系统 Expired CN1008163B (zh)

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DEP3629493 1986-08-29
DE19863629493 DE3629493A1 (de) 1986-08-29 1986-08-29 Allrad sperrsystem im antriebsstrang eines kraftfahrzeugs

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CN86108617A true CN86108617A (zh) 1988-03-16
CN1008163B CN1008163B (zh) 1990-05-30

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US (1) US4757728A (zh)
EP (1) EP0257132B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS6361633A (zh)
KR (1) KR880002691A (zh)
CN (1) CN1008163B (zh)
AT (1) ATE55572T1 (zh)
BR (1) BR8701635A (zh)
DE (2) DE3629493A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2017918B3 (zh)
FI (1) FI79983C (zh)
SU (1) SU1561819A3 (zh)

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FI79983C (fi) 1990-04-10
DE3629493A1 (de) 1988-03-03
KR880002691A (ko) 1988-05-10
ES2017918B3 (es) 1991-03-16
DE3629493C2 (zh) 1988-05-26
BR8701635A (pt) 1988-03-22
FI79983B (fi) 1989-12-29
EP0257132B1 (de) 1990-08-16
CN1008163B (zh) 1990-05-30
ATE55572T1 (de) 1990-09-15
SU1561819A3 (ru) 1990-04-30
FI864603A0 (fi) 1986-11-12
FI864603A (fi) 1988-03-01
EP0257132A1 (de) 1988-03-02
JPS6361633A (ja) 1988-03-17
US4757728A (en) 1988-07-19
DE3673525D1 (de) 1990-09-20

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