CN1909853A - 可扩张的椎骨间植入物 - Google Patents

可扩张的椎骨间植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1909853A
CN1909853A CNA2004800408551A CN200480040855A CN1909853A CN 1909853 A CN1909853 A CN 1909853A CN A2004800408551 A CNA2004800408551 A CN A2004800408551A CN 200480040855 A CN200480040855 A CN 200480040855A CN 1909853 A CN1909853 A CN 1909853A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
implant
expansion
main body
axial walls
inner chamber
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Granted
Application number
CNA2004800408551A
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English (en)
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CN100571659C (zh
Inventor
L·G·埃瑟曼
A·张
P·盖贝尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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SDGI Holdings Inc
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Publication of CN1909853A publication Critical patent/CN1909853A/zh
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Abstract

一种可扩张椎骨间植入物(20)包括一主体(22),该主体具有一纵轴线(L)并包括:沿一横轴线(T)间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁(30、32);以及在第一和第二轴向壁(30、32)之间延伸并将它们互相连接起来的第一和第二横向端壁(34、36)。椎骨间植入物还包括一扩张构件(20),该扩张构件与轴向壁(30、32)协同作用以沿横轴线(T)扩张主体(22)。

Description

可扩张的椎骨间植入物
技术领域
本发明总的涉及椎骨间植入物的领域,尤其涉及一种可扩张的椎骨间植入物。
背景技术
人们已经作出了大量的尝试来开发椎骨间植入物以替代损坏的或退化的自然脊椎椎间盘并保持相邻的椎骨间的椎间盘空间的稳定,至少能维持到完成关节固定术为止。椎骨间植入物可以为实心的、有时将其称为间隔件或塞子,或者可形成设计用来允许骨骼向内生长的空心内部、有时将其称为融合装置或融合笼。融合装置的内部可填充有骨骼伸长促进物质以帮助或促进骨骼生长进并通过该装置以得到更快和更稳定的骨骼固定。
各种类型、形状和结构的椎骨间植入物在本领域中是已知的。例如,一种更流行的设计包括具有圆柱形状并形成外螺纹以便于插入椎间盘空间的椎骨间植入物。结果,需要对相邻的椎骨体进行刮削和攻丝以形成用于接收螺纹植入物的螺纹通道。然而,这样的技术通常会将相邻椎骨体的前部过分刮削,从而将承受负荷的椎骨骨骼去除过多,造成所处理的脊柱部分不稳定。其它类型的椎骨间植入物具有大致为矩形的结构,该结构具有平坦的上、下外表面,以与相邻的椎骨体接合。然而,平坦的上、下外表面会并不完全与椎骨终板的形状相一致,从而导致植入物和相邻的椎骨体之间的接合不均匀和不一致。
此外,大多数的椎骨间植入物的设计具有预定、固定的高度,该高度大约为椎间盘空间的自然高度。将具有固定高度的椎骨间植入物插入通常需要将椎间盘空间分离到略微大于椎间盘空间自然高度的一插入高度。人们还尝试开发各种类型的被构造成沿椎间盘空间的高度扩张的可扩张椎骨间植入物。这些类型的可扩张植入物通常包括多个臂部或分支,这些臂部和分支具有延伸自一固定基部近端部分、以及保持不连接状态并可以互相独立地自由运动的末端部分。在诸臂部之间放置有一楔形物以将臂部的末端部分分开或张开,从而将植入物转换成形成一锥度并在植入物的末端附近具有最大植入物高度的扩张结构。要注意的是,楔形物的与臂部的末端位置相邻的位置无法沿植入物的中间部分提供支承以抵抗相邻的椎骨体施加在植入物上的压缩力。此外,扩张楔形物会占用植入物的内腔的较大部分,从而减小植入物容纳骨骼生长促进材料的能力。
这样,在包本行业中就需要提供一种经改进的可扩张椎骨间植入物。本发明可满足这一需要并可以新颖且非显而易见的方法提供其它的好处和优点。
发明内容
本发明总的涉及一种可扩张椎骨间植入物。虽然只能参照所附的权利要求来确定此处所覆盖的本发明的实际特性,但在下面先简要地描述一下此处所揭示的优选实施例所具有的本发明的某些形式。
在本发明的一个形式中提供了一种可扩张椎骨间植入物,它包括一主体,该主体具有一纵轴线并包括沿一横轴线间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁,所述第一轴向壁包括第一对相对的端部,而第二轴向壁包括第二对相对的端部,第一对端部与第二对端部互相连接。植入物还包括一扩张构件,该扩张构件与第一和第二轴向壁协同作用以沿横轴线扩张主体。
在本发明的另一个形式中提供了一种可扩张椎骨间植入物,它包括一主体,该主体具有一纵轴线并包括:沿一横轴线间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁;以及在第一和第二轴向壁的相对端部之间延伸并将这些端部互相连接起来的第一和第二横向端壁。该植入物还包括用于沿横轴线扩张第一和第二轴向壁的装置。
在本发明的另一个形式中提供了一种可扩张椎骨间植入物,它包括一主体,该主体具有一纵轴线并包括大致沿纵轴线延伸且沿一横轴线间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁。该植入物还包括一扩张构件,该扩张构件与第一和第二轴向壁协同作用以沿横轴线扩张主体,从而第一和第二轴向壁向外变形以沿纵轴线形成凸出的外弯曲部分。
在本发明的另一个形式中提供了一种可扩张椎骨间植入物,它包括一主体,该主体具有一纵轴线并包括:沿一横轴线间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁;以及在第一和第二轴向壁的相对端部之间延伸并将这些端部互相连接起来的第一和第二横向端壁。该植入物还包括一扩张构件,该扩张构件与第一和第二轴向壁协同作用以将主体从一最初的结构转换为一扩张的结构,其中第一和第二轴向壁沿横轴线互相分离地向外变形。
在本发明的另一个形式中提供了一种可扩张椎骨间植入物,它包括一融合笼,该融合笼具有一纵轴线并包括大致沿纵轴线延伸且沿一横轴线间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁。融合笼形成一内腔,该内腔具有一中心部分和相对的端部。一扩张构件位于内腔的中心部分中并与第一和第二轴向壁协同作用以沿横轴线扩张主体。将一种骨骼生长促进材料放置在内腔中扩张构件的相对两侧上的第一和第二端部中。
在本发明的另一个形式中提供了一种手术方法,该方法包括:提供一可扩张椎骨间植入物,该植入物具有一纵轴线并包括:沿一横轴线间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁,以及在第一和第二轴向壁的相对端部之间延伸并将这些端部互相连接起来的第一和第二横向端壁;将椎骨间植入物插入一椎骨间空间中,第一和第二轴向壁分别毗邻第一和第二椎骨体定位;以及沿横轴线扩张第一和第二轴向壁,从而分别靠着第一和第二椎骨体接合第一和第二轴向壁。
在此处所包含的一下附图和描述可使本发明的其它特性、优势、优点和方面变得明显。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一种形式的可扩张椎骨间植入物的立体图;
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例、与图1所示椎骨间植入物一起使用的可扩张融合笼的侧视图;
图3是图2所示可扩张融合笼的俯视平面图;
图4是图2所示可扩张融合笼的端视图;
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例、与图1所示椎骨间植入物一起使用的扩张构件的侧视图;
图6是图1所示椎骨间植入物的横截面侧视图,该植入物以未扩张的结构被置于相邻的椎骨体之间;
图7是图1所示椎骨间植入物的横截面侧视图,该植入物以完全扩张的结构被置于相邻的椎骨体之间;
图8是一对图1所示椎骨间植入物的俯视平面图,这两个植入物以双边布置并排位于椎间盘空间中。
具体实施方式
为了促进对本发明的原理的理解,现在将参照附图中所示的实施例并使用具体的语言来描述这些实施例。不过,应该理解的是,不应该对本发明的范围进行限制,且应该认为熟悉本领域技术的人员一般可以对所述的装置进行变型和进一步的修改以及/或者对本发明的原理进行进一步的应用。
参见图1,此处所示的是根据本发明的一个形式的椎骨间植入物20。椎骨间植入物20沿纵轴线L延伸并通常包括可扩张主体22和扩张构件24。如将在以下更加详细地描述的,扩张构件24是用来使可扩张主体22从图6所示的最初结构转换为如图7所示的扩张结构,其中主体22的扩张通常沿横轴线T进行。
椎骨间植入物20的组件由生物相容材料形成。在本发明的一个实施例中,椎骨间植入物20的组件由例如不锈钢和不锈钢合金、钛和钛合金、形状记忆合金、钴铬合金或任何其它合适的金属材料之类的金属材料形成。在本发明的另一个实施例中,椎骨间植入物20的组件由诸如聚合材料、陶瓷材料、加强合成材料、骨骼、骨骼物质材料或其它任何合适的非金属材料之类的非金属材料制成。
集中参见图1-4,其中所示的是关于可扩张主体22的进一步的细节。在所示的本发明的实施例中,可扩张主体22被构造成一可扩张融合笼,它包括有助于或可促进骨骼生长进并通过植入物20以在相邻的椎骨体之间达到关节固定的特征,这些特征的细节将在下面讨论。然而,应该理解的是,在本发明的其它实施例中,可将可扩张主体22构造成可扩张的间隔件或塞子。
在本发明的一个实施例中,融合笼22由以下组成:上、下壁30、32,这两个壁大致沿纵轴线L延伸;以及一对端壁34、36,它们在上、下壁30、32的相对端部之间延伸并将这些端部互相连接。上、下壁30、32和横向端壁34、36互相配合形成大致沿纵轴线L延伸的内腔40。在融合笼22的所示实施例中,上、下壁30、32和横向壁34、36为融合笼22提供大致为矩形的轴向横截面。然而,应该理解的是,融合笼22的其它的形状和结构也应落入本发明的范围中。
如图3所示,融合笼22包括具有宽度w1的端部22a、22b和具有宽度w2的中心部分22c。中心部分22c的宽度w2略大于端部22a、22b的宽度w1以在融合笼22的中间部分形成增加的表面积,用于与相邻的椎骨体接合。此外,端部22a、22b的减少了的宽度w1也可增加上、下壁30、32的弹性以便上、下壁30、32在融合笼22扩张的过程中向外变形。然而,应该理解的是,在本发明的其它实施例中,可将融合笼22构造成具有基本均匀的宽度。
在本发明的一个方面,上、下壁30、32以可使上、下壁30、32通过扩张构件24互相相对地向外位移的方式联结于端壁34、36。在本发明的另一个方面,扩张构件24与上、下壁30、32协同作用以使上、下壁30、32沿向外的方向相互相对地弹性变形,以使融合笼22大致沿横轴线T(图7)的方向向外扩张。这样的向外变形主要归因于上、下壁30、32的弹性特性和/或上、下壁30、32和端壁34、36之间的弹性连接。在一个实施例中,上、下壁30、32的向外变形而形成凸起的外部弯曲部分,该弯曲部分沿纵轴线L(图7)延伸,如以下所讨论的,该弯曲部分与相邻的椎骨体的凹陷的表面弯曲相对应。在本发明的另一个方面,上、下壁30、32与端壁34、36形成一体以形成单一的、单件式融合笼22。然而,还设想上、下壁30、32和端壁34、36可分别形成并连接在一起以形成多件式融合笼组合件。
融合笼22的上、下壁30、32形成有上、下表面50、52。在本发明的一个实施例中,上、下表面50、52又形成与端壁34、36相邻的上支承表面54a、54b以及下支承表面56a、56b。如将在以下所讨论的,上、下支承表面54a、54b和56a、56b接触并靠着上、下椎骨体VU、VL(图6-8)的皮层边缘/骨突环区域而支承以提供支承并抵抗施加在融合笼22上的大多数的压缩力。在所示出的本发明的实施例中,支承表面54a、54b和56a、56b基本上是光滑的且完全没有阶梯、突起或不规则。然而,应该理解的是,在其它的实施例中,上、下支承表面可形成固定特征部分以帮助接合并夹持椎骨。
在本发明的再一个实施例中,融合笼22的上、下表面50、52包括许多在支承表面54a、54b和56a、56b之间沿轴向放置的固定件。固定件适于与相邻的椎骨体相VU、VL接合以防止或限制融合笼22的运动和/或在移植到椎骨间的椎间盘空间之后便于骨骼生长到融合笼22上。在一个实施例中,固定件包括从上、下壁30、32突出的许多齿或突起60。在另一个实施例中,固定件包括许多切割进上、下表面50、52中的槽62。然而,应该理解的是,也可设想固定件的其它的组合和/或结构与融合笼22结合使用,例如长钉、螺纹、脊状突起、隆起、表面粗糙或任何其它的适于固定于椎骨组织元件。还应该理解的是,在本发明的其它实施例中,融合笼22的上、下表面50、52不需要包括任何固定元件,而可形成没有任何表面不平整或表面不规则结构的基本平滑的表面。
在融合笼22的所示实施例中,齿60以侧向延伸通过融合笼22的中心部分22c的横排布置。虽然显示融合笼22具有两排从上、下表面50、52延伸而来的齿60,但应该理解的是,也可以只包括单排齿或者三排或更多排的齿。此外,应该理解的是,齿60可以朝向其它的方向,比如沿平行于纵轴线L的方向或相对于纵轴线L呈斜角地布置。还应该理解的是,一排或多排齿60可以延伸自上、下表面50、52的其它部分,包括融合笼22的端部22a、22b。在一个实施例中,齿60具有三角形的结构,然而,其它的结构和形状也应认为落入本发明的范围内。如图7中所示,在融合笼22转换为扩张结构之后,齿60接合/挤入相邻椎骨体相VU、VL的椎骨终板中以防止或限制融合笼22的运动以及可能的从椎间盘空间中掉出。
在所示的融合笼22的实施例中,槽62以侧向延伸通过融合笼22的端部22a、22b的横排布置。虽然融合笼22显示为具有形成在上、下表面50、52的各自之中的10条槽,但应该理解的是,槽60可包括任意的数量。此外,应该理解的是,槽62可朝向其它的方向,比如沿平行于纵轴线L的方向或相对于纵轴线L呈斜角的方向。还应该理解的是,可将槽可在融合笼22的其它部分上,包括中心部分22c。
在本发明的一个实施例中,槽62通过在上、下表面50、52中切割洼坑或沟槽而形成,这些洼坑或沟槽互相间隔开,从而形成基本上与上、下表面50、52同平面的棱面或平顶64。边缘或角66形成在槽62和棱面64相交的点处。在另一个实施例中,槽62被构造成具有大于棱面64的宽度的槽宽和槽深。然而,也可构想槽62的其它结构。此外,在所示的实施例中,槽62具有半径或曲率基本上均匀、基本上为圆形的结构。然而,也可设想其它槽62的形状和结构,例如弓形或弯曲形的槽、V形或U形的槽或任何其它的适合的槽的形状或结构。如图7中所示,在融合笼22转换为扩张结构之后,棱面64与相邻的椎骨体VU、VL的终板接合,从而将槽62与之毗邻放置,以将骨骼组织接纳于其中并/或便于骨骼生长到融合笼22上。此外,形成在槽62和棱面64之间的边缘66有助于防止或限制融合笼22的运动以及可能的从椎间盘空间中掉出。
如图1中最清楚地显示的,在本发明的一个实施例中,融合笼22的上、下壁30、32形成许多骨骼长入开口或窗口80a、80b,它们延伸穿过上、下表面50、52并与内腔40连通。如应该知道的,骨骼长入开口80a、80b使骨骼可从相邻的椎骨体长入并有可能通过融合笼22。虽然将融合笼22显示为具有一对延伸通过每个上、下壁30、32的骨骼长入开口80a、80b,但应该知道的是,可将融合笼22构造成具有任意数量骨骼长入开口,包括基本上沿融合笼的全长延伸的单个骨骼长入开口、或者沿融合笼22的长度位于不同位置上的单个或多个骨骼长入开口。此外,虽然显示骨骼长入开口80a、80b具有矩形、插口形的结构,而该结构具有沿纵轴线L延伸的插口长度和延伸通过融合笼22的大约一般宽度的插口宽度,但应该理解的是,也可以设想其它形状、结构和尺寸的骨骼长入开口。还应该理解的是,虽然将骨骼长入开口80a、80b显示和描述为与内腔40连通,但在其它的实施例中,开口80a、80b不需要完全延伸通过上、下壁30、32。
如在图1和4中显示得最清楚的,在融合笼22的所示实施例中,轴向开口82延伸通过与内腔40连通的端壁34、36中的每一个。如将在以下更加详细描述的,轴向开口82的尺寸被设置为用来接纳一器械的轴部分于其中,从而与扩张构件24相接合以便于融合笼22扩张到扩张结构。此外,轴向开口82还允许骨骼从相邻的椎骨体、从后向和前向生长进融合笼22的内腔40。
如图1和2所示,在本发明的一个实施例中,内腔40包括沿融合笼22的长度放置的多个不同的隔舱或部分。在所示出的融合笼22的实施例中,内腔40包括:端部隔舱90a和90b,它们邻近于融合笼22的端部22a、22b;以及中间或中心隔舱90c,它邻近于融合笼22的中心部分22c。然而,应该理解的是,内腔40可包括任意数量的隔舱,包括单个隔舱、两个隔舱、或者四个或更多隔舱。在本发明的所示实施例中,每个隔舱90a、90b、90c侧向延伸通过融合笼22,从而为融合笼22提供增加了的弹性,并且还为融合笼22设置开口侧以使骨骼可从侧向生长进内腔40。
在所示的融合笼22的实施例中,端部隔舱90a、90b各自具有长圆形或卵形/椭圆形结构,毗邻中间隔舱90c的上、下壁30、32的内表面互相向内呈锥度以形成一对相对的倾斜表面92a、92b。中心部分90c具有弓形结构,上、下壁30、32的内表面形成一对相对的凹陷表面94a、94b,这两个表面具有基本上与扩张销24(图5)的外表面100相同的曲率。端部隔舱90a、90b的倾斜表面92a、92b和中心隔舱90c的凹陷表面94a、94b形成位于中心隔舱90c两侧的相对的顶点或至高点96a、96b和98a、98b。虽然所示具体实施例的融合笼22将内腔40和隔舱90a、90b和90c描述成具有特定的形状和结构,应该理解的是,其它的合适的形状和结构也应被认为是落在本发明的范围内。
参见图5,其中所示的是根据本发明的一个实施例的扩张构件24。在所示的实施例中,扩张构件24被构造成具有弯曲外表面100并形成具有外径d1的大致为圆形的外横截面的伸长销。然而,应该理解的是,也可以构想在本发明中使用其它形状和结构的扩张销24,例如椭圆形、矩形或六边形销。如将在以下更加详细地描述的,在扩张销24沿内腔40轴向位移以将融合笼22转换到扩张结构的过程中,扩张销24的弯曲外表面100沿上、下壁30、32的倾斜表面92a、92b滑动。此外,孔102至少部分地延伸通过扩张销24,且其尺寸被设置成其中可接纳一手术器械的末端部分,从而沿融合笼22的内腔40位移并引导扩张销24。在一个实施例中,孔102具有大致为圆形的横截面并设置有螺纹,从而与手术器械的末端部分螺纹接合。然而,应该理解的是,可以设想其它形状和结构的孔102以用于本发明。
现在参见图6,其中所示的是位于上和下椎骨体VU、VL之间的椎间盘空间中的椎骨间植入物20。根据本发明的一个实施例的手术器械200与椎骨间植入物20接合以帮助将椎骨间植入物20插入椎间盘空间中并将融合笼22转换到图7所示的扩张结构。在所示的实施例中,手术器械200通常包括外套管202和内驱动轴204。手术器械200还可包括手柄(未示出)以帮助操纵和操作椎骨间植入物20。然而,应该理解的是,也可以设想将其它类型和结构的手术器械用于本发明,且其元件和操作会与此处所述的手术器械200的实施例不同。例如,另一种适用于本发明的类型的器械在授予Liu等人的美国专利6,436,140中有所示出和描述,该文件的全部内容结合于此作为参照。
手术器械200的外套管202具有适于与融合笼22固定接合的末端部分202a。在本发明的一个实施例中,手术器械200可包括从外套管202的末端部分径向延伸的一对叉子(未示出),并包括互相相对地向内延伸的横向法兰(未示出)。如应该知道的,将横向法兰放置进融合笼22的端部隔舱90a、90b的任意一个将可将外套管202固定于融合笼22。然而,应该理解的是,也可设想外套管202和融合笼22之间的其它类型的接合,例如螺纹接合、邻接接合、钳夹接合、键接合、企口接合、摩擦接合或任何其它适合的接合方式。
内驱动轴204位于外套管202中并包括延伸通过融合笼22的端壁34中的轴向开口82并与扩张销24接合的末端部分204a。如上所述,在一个实施例中,驱动轴204的末端部分204a螺纹接合于形成在扩张销24中的螺纹孔102中以将驱动轴204固定接合于扩张销24。然而,应该理解的是,在另一个实施例中,驱动轴204的末端部分204a和扩张销24中的孔102不需要设置有螺纹,而是分别形成基本光滑的内、外表面。还应该理解的是,还可以设想其它类型的驱动轴204和融合笼22之间的接合,比如邻接接合、钳夹接合、键接合、企口接合、摩擦接合或任何其它适合的接合方式。
如应该知道的,驱动轴204沿箭头A方向的轴向位移将相应地使扩张销24位移通过内腔40以使融合笼22向图7所示的完全扩张结构转换。在一个实施例中,驱动轴204可通过驱动轴204和外套管202之间螺纹接合轴向而位移,如在例如授予Liu等人的美国专利6,436,140中所示的。这样,驱动轴204的旋转将使扩张销24轴向位移。在另一个实施例中,通常可将驱动轴204构造成螺纹接合在融合笼22的端壁34中的轴向开口82中的螺丝或螺栓,从而驱动轴204的旋转将使扩张销24轴向位移。然而,应该理解,用于使扩张销24轴向位移通过融合笼22的内腔40的其它合适的装置和技术也应被认为是落入本发明的范围中。
如应该知道的,扩张销24从内腔的端部隔舱90a向中心隔舱90c的轴向位移可使扩张销24的外表面与倾斜表面92a、92b滑动接合。结果,融合笼22的上、下壁30、32被驱动而互相离开并沿横轴线T向外变形以使融合笼22从图6所示的最初的不扩张结构向图7所示的扩张结构转换。扩张销24进一步沿轴向位移直到位于内腔40的中心隔舱90c中为止,扩张销24位于由相对的凹陷表面94a、94b所形成的下凹区域中,并被限制在相对的顶点/至高点96a、96b和98a、98b之间。
应该知道的是,扩张销24在相对的凹陷表面94a、94b中以及在的相对的顶点/至高点96a、96b和98a、98b之间的位置将扩张销24保持在中心隔舱90c中并限制扩张销24进一步的轴向位移,从而将融合笼22保持在图7所示的扩张结构中,即使将驱动轴204从扩张销24拆下也如此。还应该知道的是,在融合笼22的扩张过程中,一旦扩张销24越过该对相对的顶点/至高点96a、96b而定位并进入中心隔舱90c,施加在器械200的驱动轴204上的线性驱动力或旋转转矩将突然下降。驱动力或转矩的这一突然消失给医生提供了可以察觉的信号,表示扩张销24适当地放置在中心隔舱90c中且达到了所需的扩张量。
如图6中所示,融合笼22具有最初的未扩张高度h1,该高度略小于上、下椎骨体VU、VL的分开距离(即椎间盘空间高度)。然而,如图7中所示,融合笼22的扩张使融合笼22的整体高度增加到基本上与椎间盘空间高度相等的扩张高度h2。如应该知道的,融合笼22的最初高度h1和扩张高度h2之间的差对应于扩张销24(图5)的直径d1(或高度)和融合笼22的中心隔舱90c的下凹表面94a、94b(图6)之间的未扩张距离d2之间的差。因此,通过设置具有经选择的直径d1(或高度)的扩张销24和/或通过将中心隔舱90c设置成具有下凹表面94a、94b之间经选择的未扩张距离d2,可方便且精确地控制融合笼22的扩张。
在所示的本发明的实施例中,扩张销24通过内腔40的轴向位移可导致融合笼22沿横轴线T扩张。然而,应该理解的是,在本发明的其它实施例中,可将融合笼22和扩张销24构造成扩张销24相对于融合笼22的横向、旋转和/或枢转位移是用于使融合笼22沿横轴线T扩张。例如,在本发明的另一个实施例中,可将扩张销24构造成具有椭圆或凸轮形的结构,从而扩张销24在中心隔舱90c中的旋转使融合笼22扩张。此外,虽然所示的本发明的实施例显示出融合笼22响应沿轴向通过内腔40、从端部隔舱90a向中心隔舱90c推动或驱动扩张销24而扩张,但应该理解的是,融合笼22可响应沿轴向通过内腔40、从端部隔舱90b向中心隔舱90c拉动或拖动扩张销24而扩张。
如图7中所示,当融合笼22转换为扩张结构,上、下壁30、32沿横轴线T互相离开地向外变形,从而增加融合笼22的整体高度。既然上、下壁30、32的端部与端壁34、36连接成一体,则上、下壁30、32的端部保持相对静止,而融合笼22在端部22a、22b附近的扩张则得到限制。然而,由于上、下壁30、32的中心部分并不互相连接,融合笼22的扩张主要沿融合笼22的中心部分进行。结果,在融合笼22扩张之后,上、下壁30、32各自形成沿纵轴线L延伸的凸出弯曲部分。向外变形的上、下壁30、32的凸出弯曲部分基本上对应于相邻椎骨体VU、VL的椎骨终板所形成的从前向后的表面弯曲部分C。在融合笼22扩张之后,将手术器械200从椎骨间植入物20脱开并从患者身上取下。
在本发明的另一个方面,将骨骼生长促进材料300(图7和8)装载进融合笼22的内腔40中以便于或促进骨骼从上、下椎骨体VU、VL开始生长、通过上、下骨骼长入开口80a、80b、并进入且有可能通过融合笼22。在一个实施例中,骨骼生长促进材料300包括骨骼移植材料、骨骼成形蛋白(BMP)或任何其它合适的骨骼生长促进材料或物质,其中包括但不限于骨片或骨髓、脱矿骨骼基质(DBM)、间质干细胞和/或LIM矿化蛋白(LMP)。应该理解的是,骨骼生长促进材料300可采用合适的载体,也可不使用。
在本发明的一个实施例中,在融合笼22扩张之后,通过端壁34中的轴向开口82将骨骼生长促进材料300注入内腔40。在另一个实施例中,可在将融合笼22插入并使之扩张之前(将扩张销24最初放置在端部隔舱90a中时)将骨骼生长促进材料300预先装载在内腔40的端部隔舱90b中。在再一个实施例中,可将融合笼22和扩张销24构造成允许在插入融合笼22并使之扩张之前预先将骨骼生长促进材料300装载进端部隔舱90a、90b中。
在说明并描述槽62椎骨间植入物20的诸元件及其操作之后,现在将参照根据本发明的一个实施例的将椎骨间植入物20植入椎间盘空间的技术。然而,应该理解的是,也可以设想其它的植入技术和过程,以下的技术并不限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的一个实施例中,通过后向手术方法来触到脊柱并将椎骨间植入物20插入椎间盘空间。然而,应该理解的是,可以通过其它的手术方法来完成使椎骨间植入物20触及并插入椎间盘空间,比如通过前向方法或侧向方法。在本发明的另一个实施例中,使用椎骨间植入物20来治疗脊柱的腰部区域,而上、下椎骨体VU、VL包括腰部椎骨体。然而,应该理解的是,本发明也可用于脊柱的其它部分,比如脊柱的颈部、胸部或骶骨区域。
首先,确定脊柱中所要处理的部分并用已知的手术方法从前部到达脊柱。通过整体或局部的椎间盘切除术将至少一部分天然椎骨间椎间盘去除,以设置用来将椎骨间植入物20接纳于上、下椎骨体VU、VL之间的开口。然后,将椎间盘空间分离到基本上等于天然椎间盘空间的高度。在插入椎骨间植入物20之前,使用各种切割工具和/或其它类型的手术器械(例如刮匙、凿子等)来制备上、下椎骨体VU和VL的椎间盘空间和终板。适于制备椎骨体VU、VL的切割器械的一个例子在授予Liu等人的美国专利6,610,089中有所说明和揭示,该专利的内容结合于此作为参照。然而,应该理解的是,还可以设想其它类型和结构的切割器械用于本发明。
在本发明的一个实施例中,用来制备椎骨体VU、VL的切割器械适于切割并从椎骨终板去除骨骼组织,同时基本上保持终板的天然下凹的弯曲并防止切入与椎骨终板的前部/后部相邻的皮层边缘/骨突环区域。还可将切割器械构造成可收集在切割操作中生成的骨骼碎块或碎片,从而可随后插入融合笼22的内腔40以促进关节固定。如图6和7中所示,每一制备好的椎骨终板形成大致沿从前到后的方向下凹的凹陷区域或表面弯曲部分C。如应该知道的,椎骨体VU、VL所形成的凹陷区域或表面弯曲部分C接纳融合笼22的向外变形的上、下壁30、32,从而放入融合笼的上、下表面50、52和在融合笼22中毗邻于椎骨体VU、VL的松质骨组织(spongycancellous bone tissue)的骨骼生长促进材料300以促进融合。
在制备椎骨终板之后,使用诸如挤入或推入型的插入之类的合适的插入技术将椎骨间植入物20插入椎间盘空间。要注意的是,由于将椎骨间植入物20插入椎间盘空间,同时处于具有略小于椎间盘空间的高度的最初高度h1的未扩张结构,因此就避免了椎间盘空间的过度分离,从而神经的分离就最小。在本发明的再一个实施例中,可通过使用内窥镜装置、小直径管子或套管、或者通过其它侵入量最小的手术技术,从而以侵入量最小的方式将椎骨间植入物20插入椎间盘空间(即通过较小的进口)。然而,应该理解的是,可使用传统的手术方法和技术将植入物20插入椎间盘空间。在将椎骨间植入物20插入椎间盘空间之后,融合笼22扩张到图7所示的结构(具有扩张高度h2)以恢复和/或保持所需的椎间盘空间高度。如上所讨论的,融合笼22转换到扩张结构造成上、下壁30、32从图6所示基本上平坦的结构向外变形到图7所示的弓形或弯曲结构。
如应该知道的,一块椎骨包括绕椎骨体的外部区域延伸的较硬的骨皮质材料以及在骨皮质材料中的骨松质材料。如图7和8所示,融合笼22的上、下前部/后部支承表面54a、54b和56a、56b被放置成支承上、下椎骨体VU、VL各自的皮层边缘/骨突环区域以抵抗施加在融合笼22上的压缩力并减少下陷到相对较软的松质骨组织中的可能性。此外,融合笼转换到图7所示的扩张结构使延伸自上、下表面50、52的齿60埋入或挤入椎骨终板,从而避免融合笼22移动或从椎间盘空间中掉出。另外,将向外变形的上、下壁30、32定位在上、下椎骨体VU、VL所形成的凸出的表面弯曲部分C中会增加融合笼22的稳定性并减少融合笼22移动或从椎间盘空间中掉出的可能性。另外,将向外变形的上、下壁30、32放置成毗邻或直接接触上、下椎骨体VU、VL的松质骨组织可便于骨骼生长进槽62中和/或通过开口80a、80b并进入内腔40。
在本发明的再一个方面,将扩张销24放置在内腔40的中心隔舱90c中为融合笼22的上、下壁30、32提供额外的支承和刚性以抵抗来自椎骨体VU、VL的压缩负荷,尤其是在没有内部支承件的融合笼22的中心部分22c附近。虽然椎骨间植入物20只是通过扩张销24和融合笼22的扩张销24之间的接合而保持扩张结构,应该理解的是,也可使用一个或多个补充的内部固定元件来为融合笼22提供进一步的支承,尤其是在有过大椎骨负荷和/或不稳定的情况下。还应该理解的是,如果在一个或多个椎骨间植入物20插入椎间盘空间中并扩张之后发生过多的残留不稳定,也可使用补充的外部脊柱内固定元件和/或稳定技术。
一旦融合笼22完全扩张,则将骨骼生长促进材料300装入融合笼22的内腔40中以便于或促进骨骼从上、下椎骨体VU、VL开始生长、通过骨骼长入开口80a、80b、且进入并可能通过融合笼22。此外,可将移植骨、切碎的自体移植骨或类似类型的材料侧向放置成毗邻融合笼22侧向放置从而进一步促进融合。如上所讨论的,在本发明的一个实施例中,在将融合笼插入并使之扩张之前将骨骼生长促进材料300预先装在内腔40的端部隔舱90b中,随后在将融合笼22插入并使之扩张之后将骨骼生长促进材料300装进内腔40的端部隔舱90a。结果,可将骨骼生长促进材料300放置在扩张销24中毗邻骨骼长入开口80a、80b的任何一侧,以便于融合。
参见图8,在本发明的再一个实施例中,可将一对椎骨间植入物20a、20b以双边的结构并排放在椎间盘空间中。然而,应该理解的是,一个椎骨间植入物20的单边放置或中心放置在椎间盘空间中也应认为是落入本发明的范围内。可将移植骨、切碎的自体移植骨或骨骼生长促进物质放置在植入物20a、20b之间的区域中以进一步便于上、下椎骨体VU、VL之间的融合。
虽然在附图和以上的说明中已经详细说明和描述了本发明,但这些只是说明性的而非对特征的限定,应该理解的是,这里只示出和说明了优选的实施例,所有落入本发明的精神实质的改变和修改都应受到保护。

Claims (35)

1.一种可扩张的椎骨间植入物,包括:
一主体,该主体具有一纵轴线并包括沿一横轴线间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁,所述第一轴向壁包括第一对相对的端部,所述第二轴向壁包括第二对相对的端部,所述第一对端部与所述第二对端部互相连接;以及
一扩张构件,该扩张构件与所述第一和第二轴向壁协同作用以沿所述横轴线扩张所述主体。
2.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体包括第一和第二横向端壁,这些横向端壁在所述第一对端部和所述第二对端部之间延伸并将所述第一对端部和所述第二对端部互相连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁与所述第一和第二横向端壁形成一体以形成一单一的主体。
4.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体具有一大致为矩形的轴向横截面。
5.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体的扩张包括所述第一和第二轴向壁沿所述横轴线向外变形。
6.如权利要求5所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁的所述向外变形形成沿所述纵轴线延伸的一凸出的外部弯曲部分。
7.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体形成一内腔,该内腔的尺寸被设置成其中可接纳所述扩张构件;以及
所述扩张构件在所述内腔中的运动将所述扩张构件与所述第一和第二轴向壁接合,从而沿所述横轴线扩张所述主体。
8.如权利要求7所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述扩张构件位于所述内腔的中心部分内,从而沿所述横轴线扩张所述主体。
9.如权利要求7所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述扩张构件在所述内腔中的所述运动包括大致沿所述纵轴线的轴向位移。
10.如权利要求9所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁具有面对所述内腔的诸内表面,所述内表面中的至少一个形成一凹陷区域,该区域用于在所述主体沿所述横轴线扩张时接纳所述扩张构件。
11.如权利要求10所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁的所述诸内表面形成相对的两个凹陷区域,这两个区域用于在所述主体沿所述横轴线扩张时接纳所述扩张构件。
12.如权利要求10所述的植入物,其特征在于,当所述主体沿所述横轴线扩张时,所述凹陷区域将所述扩张构件保持在沿轴向的一选定位置上。
13.如权利要求12所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述沿轴向的选定位置与所述内腔的一中心位置相邻。
14.如权利要求9所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁具有面对所述内腔的诸内表面,所述内表面形成沿所述纵轴线的一向内锥形,所述扩张构件与所述向内的锥形接合,从而在所述扩张构件大致沿所述纵轴线位移时沿所述横轴线扩张所述主体。
15.如权利要求14所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁的所述诸内表面包括形成所述向内的锥形的诸相对的倾斜部分。
16.如权利要求9所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁中的至少一个包括一保持构件,该保持构件适于在所述主体沿所述横轴线扩张时接合所述扩张构件并将该扩张构件保持在沿轴向的一选定位置上。
17.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体形成一内融合腔;以及
该植入物还包括位于所述内腔中以便与相邻的椎骨体融合的一种骨骼生长促进材料。
18.如权利要求17所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁的每一个都形成至少一个骨骼长入开口,该开口延伸通过该轴向壁并与所述内融合腔连通。
19.如权利要求17所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述扩张构件位于所述内腔的一中心部分中,从而沿所述横轴线扩张所述主体,所述骨骼生长促进材料位于所述内腔的第一和第二端部内并在所述扩张构件的相对两侧处。
20.如权利要求19所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁每个都形成:一第一骨骼长入开口,该开口延伸通过该轴向壁并与所述内融合腔的所述第一端部连通;以及一第二骨骼长入开口,该开口延伸通过该轴向壁并与所述内融合腔的所述第二端部连通。
21.如权利要求17所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述骨骼生长促进材料包括一种骨骼成形蛋白。
22.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁中每一个的一外表面包括许多适于与相邻的椎骨体接合的固定件。
23.如权利要求22所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述固定件包括至少一排延伸自所述第一和第二轴向壁中每一个的所述外表面的齿。
24.如权利要求23所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述至少一排齿的定位被限制在所述外表面的中心部分。
25.如权利要求24所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述固定件包括形成在所述第一和第二轴向壁中的每一个的所述外表面中的至少一个槽。
26.如权利要求25所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述固定件包括形成在所述第一和第二轴向壁中的每一个的所述外表面中的多个槽。
27.如权利要求25所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述至少一个槽具有弓形结构。
28.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体包括具有一第一宽度的一对相对的端部以及具有比所述第一宽度大的一第二宽度的一中心部分。
29.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体形成一内腔,该内腔的尺寸被设置成其中可接纳所述扩张构件;以及
所述扩张构件在所述内腔中的轴向位移将所述扩张构件与所述第一和第二轴向壁接合,从而沿所述横轴线扩张所述主体;以及
所述扩张构件包括一伸长的销钉,该销钉的长度能基本上完全延伸通过所述内腔的宽度。
30.一种可扩张的椎骨间植入物,包括:
一主体,该主体具有一纵轴线并包括大致沿所述纵轴线延伸且沿一横轴线间隔开的第一和第二轴向壁;以及
一扩张构件,该扩张构件与所述第一和第二轴向壁协同作用以沿所述横轴线扩张所述主体,从而所述第一和第二轴向壁向外变形以沿所述纵轴线形成一凸出的外弯曲部分。
31.如权利要求30所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体包括第一和第二横向端壁,这些横向端壁在所述第一和第二轴向壁的相对的诸端部之间延伸并将这些端部互相连接。
32.如权利要求30所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述主体形成一内腔,该内腔的尺寸被设置成在其中可接纳所述扩张构件;以及
所述扩张构件在所述内腔中的运动将所述扩张构件与所述第一和第二轴向壁接合,从而使所述第一和第二轴向壁沿所述横轴线向外变形。
33.如权利要求32所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述扩张构件在所述内腔中的运动包括大致沿所述纵轴线的轴向位移。
34.如权利要求33所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述扩张构件位于所述内腔的一中心部分中,从而使所述第一和第二轴向壁沿所述横轴线向外变形。
35.如权利要求33所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一和第二轴向壁中的每一个都形成至少一个骨骼长入开口,该开口延伸通过该轴向壁并与所述内腔连通;以及
该植入物还包括一种骨骼生长促进材料,该物质位于所述内腔中以便与相邻的椎骨体的融合。
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US20090312837A1 (en) 2009-12-17
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