CN1839516A - 由平形原料制成的具有三维天线阵的安全标签及其制造方法 - Google Patents

由平形原料制成的具有三维天线阵的安全标签及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1839516A
CN1839516A CNA2004800242005A CN200480024200A CN1839516A CN 1839516 A CN1839516 A CN 1839516A CN A2004800242005 A CNA2004800242005 A CN A2004800242005A CN 200480024200 A CN200480024200 A CN 200480024200A CN 1839516 A CN1839516 A CN 1839516A
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antenna
dipole
frequency
shaped material
strip
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CN1839516B (zh
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加里·T·马佐科
安东尼·F·皮科利
托马斯·J·克莱尔
埃里克·埃克斯坦
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Checkpoint Systems Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07773Antenna details
    • G06K19/07786Antenna details the antenna being of the HF type, such as a dipole
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285Planar dipole

Abstract

一种三维偶极天线系统或一种RFID标签,其能够优化对在其内安置RFID标签的给定的可用体积的检测。

Description

由平形原料制成的具有三维天线阵的安全标签及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及安全标签,尤其是涉及一种用于无线射频识别(RFID)标签的超高频(UHF)偶极天线系统,该偶极天线系统可优化对在其内安置RFID标签的给定的可用体积的检测。
背景技术
通过连续进料步骤制造的低成本标签通常是由标签原料(tag stock)制成,因而是二维的。二维标签的性能通常是与标签的询问器和阅读器的天线相关的强大的标签天线的定向功能。
对于询问器/阅读器,一种用于减低标签对其定向的敏感度的方法包括增加标签天线的有效面积,因而从入射电磁场获取更多的能量。偶极天线所使用的另一种方法,是在标签原料的平面内将两个或多个天线以彼此成角度来取向。但是,上述的两种方法都导致较大的标签,从而增加了制造费用并降低了可销售性。
为了适于在RFID标签内使用两个偶极天线,马里兰州罗克维尔的一个公司Matrics Inc.已经研发了一种RFID系统IC(例如,Matrics标签X1020),其可与地面终端一起提供多个RF输入。
但是,尤其当UHF频率(例如,850MHz-950MHz)和微波频率(例如,2.3Ghz-2.6Ghz)被用于与RFID标签通讯时,仍存在对优化在其内安置RFID标签的给定体积的检测的UHF(或微波)偶极天线系统的需求。
在此所引用的所有文献均全文引入此处作为参考。
发明内容
一种用于安全标签(例如,RFID安全标签)的天线配置,该天线配置能够优化由询问器或阅读器发出的信号的接收。该天线配置包括:设置为不平行也不共线配置的第一偶极和第二偶极以形成一个包括所述的第一和第二偶极的平面(例如,幅状材料(web material));以及设置在该平面外的第三偶极。
一种制造用于安全标签(例如,RFID安全标签)的三维天线的方法,所述的安全标签可优化由询问器或阅读器发出的信号的接收。该方法包括如下步骤:(a)提供幅状材料(例如,基质、板材、纸张、塑料等);(b)在幅状材料上形成第一偶极和第二偶极,并且其中所述的第一偶极和第二偶极设置成彼此不平行也不共线;(c)在该幅状材料上形成第三偶极;(d)切割该幅状材料以将部分第三偶极从该幅状材料上分离出来;以及(e)将该自由的部分移出到该幅状材料之外。
附图说明
本发明将结合下述附图进行描述,在附图中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件,其中:
图1是具有三维天线的安全标签的功能性示意图;
图1A是参考直角坐标轴;
图2A示出了在制造标签的过程中的含有RFID集成电路的部分基质以及作为部分基质的三维天线的天线截线(stub);
图2B示出了如何将两个天线截线从基质上抬起,以使该偶极天线作为第三轴(z);
图2C是参考直角坐标轴;
图3是具有布置在二维中的多个元件的标签原料的平面示意图;
图4是具有折叠以处于三维中的天线元件的标签镶嵌物的等轴示意图(isometric view diagram);
图4A是第二个实施方案的参考直角坐标轴;以及
图5是安装在硬标签架的后壳内的折叠标签的等轴示意图。
具体实施方式
本领域技术人员可以理解,在不背离本发明的广义发明构思的前提下,可以改变上述具体实施方式。因此,可以理解,本发明不限于所公开的特定的具体实施方式,而是意图覆盖后附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的各种变化。
如图1中的20所示,RFID安全标签包括三维天线。该RFID安全标签20包括连接至RFID集成电路(IC)22的三个偶极天线。在x轴(关于轴取向,参见图1A)上的偶极天线包括天线截线X1和X2。在y轴上的偶极天线包括天线截线Y1和Y2。最后,在z轴上的第三偶极天线包括天线截线Z1和Z2。该RFID安全标签20能被包裹在外壳内,例如球形的外壳、立方体盒状的外壳等。例如,该RFID安全标签20最好放置在运输托台内,或结合于包装或包裹材料。偶极在所有三维空间中的存在优化了通过RFID标签20检测标签20存在的给定体积的由询问器或阅读器(未示出)发出的信号,尤其是UHF频率范围(例如,850MHz-950MHz)和微波范围(例如,2.3Ghz-2.6Ghz)的信号。因此,该三维天线形成了对二维天线的改进,并比直线的或波状的单一偶极天线的效果好。
生产z轴偶极的一种非常经济的方法是采用安全标签平形原料方法来制造所有的偶极。尤其是,如图2A-2B所示,三个偶极均在幅状材料的平片上制造(图2A)并电连接至RFID IC22。在随后的阶段中,与一个偶极相连的幅状材料被切割(参见图2A中的线C),以允许每个偶极截线的自由端(FE)被折叠处于x-y平面之外(图2B)并垂直于另外两个偶极(关于轴取向,见图2C)。
本发明的RFID标签20的偶极天线能采用使用蚀刻、印刷(例如,铜或银墨、苯胺印刷)、模切、激光切割等的传统工艺制造。该网状材料24可包括任何平形原料或基质,包括纸或塑料等。在优选实施方案中,该幅状材料24的厚度范围为25至90微米;天线截线X1-Z2或元件122/124(见图3-5和相应的文本),例如,金属迹线(metal trace),能够为7-60微米或更多。但是,本领域技术人员知道幅状材料24和天线截线X1-Z2/元件122/124的厚度决不限于这些范围,这些范围决不限制本发明的范围。实际上,本发明最宽的范围包括天线截线/元件嵌入网状材料24内,包括其中该天线截线/元件与网状材料24的表面平齐。该RFID IC22能够通过采用引线接合法、倒装晶片工艺、接触粘合等方法与天线截线电连接。将截线/元件连接至RFID IC22能够通过采用整流器和甚至多路器来实现,以便将由各种偶极接收的信号提供给RFID IC22。因此,本发明的最宽范围包括将所有偶极的截线在基质上或基质内形成,并随后电连接至RFID IC22的任何方法。此外,本发明的最宽范围也包括下述文件中公开的安全标签的制造方法:于2004年2月23日提交的,名称为“安全标签、装置及其制造方法”的专利申请序列号为No.60/547,235的美国专利申请,或于2002年9月5日提交的,名称为“安全标签及其制造方法”的专利申请序列号位No.10/235,733的美国专利申请,这两篇文件所公开的所有内容均引入此处作为参考,并且与本专利申请相同,这两篇专利申请属于相同的受让人,即美国保点公司(Checkpoint Systems,Inc.)。该天线截线(X1-Z2)可包括可调调谐截线和用于感应淬火(impedancematching)的吸持棒(holding bar),该吸持棒能被修改,以在z轴截线Z1和Z2被移出x-y平面外之前,适当调节(例如,当偶极位于基质上或基质内时在线调节这些偶极)三个偶极。
可以理解,尽管优选的具体实施方案包括垂直于第一和第二偶极的第三偶极(截线Z1/Z2),但本发明的最宽范围包括其截线位于由第一和第二偶极形成的x-y平面外但不必与该平面垂直的第三偶极。因此,图2B所示的角度θ1和θ2可以是相对于x-y平面内的水平参考线的0-90°。此外,角度θ1和θ2不相等也在本发明的最宽范围内。
参照图3,其示出了另一个具体实施方案120,其中具有多个偶极元件的二维天线阵在标签原料24上形成,以与电子商品防盗系统(EAS)和RFID型标签一起使用。尤其是,具体实施方案120示出了两个折叠的偶极元件,环绕切割的标签原料24的周围的外部元件122和在外部元件122的区域内的内部元件124(RFID IC22未示出)。该内部元件124包括偶极截线124A和124B。优选地,该内部元件124和外部元件122通过任何能导致形成天线截线的导电迹线(electrically conductive trace)的标签制造工艺(在上文中描述了标签20的所有制造工艺,所有这些工艺均适用于具体实施例120)在绝缘标签原料基质24上形成。这样的工艺包括,但不限于,冲切、导电油墨印刷、导电箔的蚀刻和加成电镀。基质优选为聚合材料,但可以是诸如纸的其它基本绝缘的材料。
参照图4,其示出了图3的具体实施例120被折叠成三维的天线阵。该三维的天线阵通过下述步骤由二维天线阵形成:采用冲切或相似方法环绕内部元件124的外周切割基质24(其处于x-y平面内,见图4A),将内部元件122折叠至向上的位置,该位置的平面与外部元件122的x-y平面呈一角度。图5示出了与外部元件122成基本垂直角度的图4中的天线的内部元件124,该外部元件122安装在硬标签(例如,可再用的安全标签)架的后壳126内,该硬标签架包括部分锁壳10。与优选的具体实施方案20不同,第二具体实施方案120通过使偶极截线124A和124B处于平台24的同侧来形成。
应该注意,尽管第二具体实施方案120的内部元件124垂直于外部元件122,但本发明的最宽范围包括其截线124A/124B位于由外部元件122形成的x-y平面之外但不必垂直于该平面的内部元件124。因此,图4所示的角度θA和θB可以是相对于x-y平面的水平参考线的0°至90°之间。此外,角度θA和θB不相等也在本发明的最宽范围内。
如图1-5所示的三维天线阵不限于所述具体实施方案的特定实施方式。例如,内部元件124和外部元件122不必是折叠的偶极,也可以是诸如线圈的其它的天线结构,并且该天线阵可以是多种天线元件结构比如线圈和偶极的组合。此外,二维天线的元件不必在彼此之内形成,也可以是彼此相邻。而且,元件的数目可以超过2个,并且这些元件可以彼此以任意角度定向,仍然在本发明的范围之内。
正如本领域技术人员可以理解的,通过将天线阵延伸至第三维,就形成天线阵所消耗的标签原料的多少来说,天线阵的性能得到了改进。通过保持与二维天线阵相同的面积,天线阵的性能增强了而不需增加标签的成本。或者,用减小的天线面积可以获得与二维天线阵相同的性能而成为较便宜的标签。
虽然本发明结合具体实施例进行了详细地描述,但对本领域技术人员而言,不背离本发明精神和范围的各种改变和变型是显而易见的。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于安全标签的天线配置,所述的天线配置优化由询问器或阅读器发出的信号的接收,所述的天线配置包括:
第一偶极和第二偶极,其设置为不平行也不共线,以形成包括所述的第一偶极和第二偶极的平面;以及
位于所述平面外的第三偶极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第一、第二和第三偶极调节至RF频率。
3.根据权利要求2所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的RF频率为在大约850MHz-950MHz频带内的UHF频率。
4.根据权利要求2所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的RF频率为在大约2.3Ghz-2.6Ghz频带内的微波频率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第三偶极包括第一天线截线和第二天线截线,所述的平面包括第一侧面和第二侧面,所述的第一和第二侧面彼此相对,所述的第一天线截线位于在所述的第一侧面上的所述平面之外,并且所述的第二天线截线位于在所述的第二侧面上的所述平面之外。
6.根据权利要求5所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第一天线截线和第二天线截线分别垂直于所述的第一和第二侧面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第一、第二和第三偶极调节至RF频率。
8.根据权利要求7所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的RF频率为在大约850MHz-950MHz频带内的UHF频率。
9.根据权利要求7所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的RF频率为在大约2.3Ghz-2.6Ghz频带内的微波频率。
10.根据权利要求1所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第一、第二和第三偶极作为幅状材料的一部分形成,所述的平面包括所述的幅状材料,所述的第一和第二偶极为所述幅状材料的一部分,所述的第三偶极突出于所述的幅状材料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第三偶极包括第一天线截线和第二天线截线,所述的幅状材料包括第一侧面和第二侧面,所述的第一和第二侧面彼此相对,所述的第一天线截线位于在所述的第一侧面上的所述幅状材料之外,并且所述的第二天线截线位于在所述的第二侧面上的所述幅状材料之外。
12.根据权利要求11所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第一天线截线和第二天线截线分别垂直于所述的第一和第二侧面。
13.根据权利要求11所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第一、第二和第三偶极调节至RF频率。
14.根据权利要求13所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的RF频率为在大约850MHz-950MHz频带内的UHF频率。
15.根据权利要求13所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的RF频率为在大约2.3Ghz-2.6Ghz频带内的微波频率。
16.根据权利要求12所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的第一、第二和第三偶极调节至RF频率。
17.根据权利要求16所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的RF频率为在大约850MHz-950MHz频带内的UHF频率。
18.根据权利要求16所述的天线配置,其特征在于,所述的RF频率为在大约2.3Ghz-2.6Ghz频带内的微波频率。
19.一种制造用于安全标签的三维天线的方法,所述的三维天线优化由询问器或阅读器发出的信号的接收,所述的方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供幅状材料;
(b)在所述的幅状材料上形成第一偶极和第二偶极,所述的第一偶极和第二偶极设置为彼此不平行也不共线;
(c)在所述的幅状材料上形成第三偶极;
(d)切割所述的幅状材料,以使部分第三偶极从所述的幅状材料上分离出来;以及
(e)将所述的自由部分移位到所述的幅状材料之外。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述的幅状材料上形成所述的第三偶极的步骤包括产生第一天线截线和第二天线截线,切割所述的幅状材料的步骤包括切割所述的幅状材料,以分离出所述第一天线截线的第一部分和所述第二天线截线的第二部分。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的幅状材料具有第一侧面和第二侧面,所述的第一和第二侧面彼此相对,并且将所述的自由部分移位到所述的网状材料之外的步骤包括将所述的第一和第二部分移位到远离所述的第一侧面或远离所述的第二侧面。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的幅状材料具有第一侧面和第二侧面,所述的第一和第二侧面彼此相对,并且将所述的自由部分移位到所述的幅状材料之外的步骤包括将所述的第一部分移位到远离所述的第一侧面,并且将所述的第二部分移位到远离所述的第二侧面。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述的第一和第二部分移位到远离所述的第一侧面或远离所述的第二侧面的步骤包括将所述的第一和第二部分移位到与所述的第一侧面或第二侧面垂直。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述的第一部分移位到远离所述的第一侧面和将所述的第二部分移位到远离所述的第二侧面的步骤包括将所述的第一和第二部分移位到分别垂直于所述的第一和第二侧面。
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AU2004302771A1 (en) 2005-03-10
US7042413B2 (en) 2006-05-09
TWI244236B (en) 2005-11-21
WO2005022690A8 (en) 2006-06-22
ATE415000T1 (de) 2008-12-15
CA2536386C (en) 2010-10-19
CN1839516B (zh) 2012-07-04
EP1656714B1 (en) 2008-11-19

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