CN1705459A - 超声波探头 - Google Patents

超声波探头 Download PDF

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CN1705459A
CN1705459A CNA2003801016149A CN200380101614A CN1705459A CN 1705459 A CN1705459 A CN 1705459A CN A2003801016149 A CNA2003801016149 A CN A2003801016149A CN 200380101614 A CN200380101614 A CN 200380101614A CN 1705459 A CN1705459 A CN 1705459A
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ultrasonic element
initial point
slit
signal
swing
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入冈一吉
大川荣一
小泉顺
长谷川重好
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Konica Minolta Opto Inc
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松下电器产业株式会社
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Abstract

本发明的超声波探头，包括用于发送接收超声波的超声波元件单元；用于使所述超声波元件单元摆动的摆动机构；用于检测所述超声波元件单元的摆动运动的检测器。所述检测器检测所述超声波元件单元的摆动角度和摆动原点，并且在以所述摆动原点为边界将所述超声波元件单元的摆动范围二分为正区域和负区域时，检测所述超声波元件单元存在于所述正区域和所述负区域的哪一个中。在使用该超声波探头时，根据检测器的检测结果，进行用于使所述超声波元件单元复原到所述摆动原点的原点复原控制。

Description

超声波探头
技术领域
本发明涉及超声波探头，更详细的，涉及使超声波元件机械摆动而使扫描面变化，对被检体发送接收超声波的超声波探头。
背景技术
在医疗领域中，广泛使用了超声波诊断装置。其通过使用超声波探头，对被检体发送接收超声波，从而根据被检体的各部位的音响特性，而得到该部位的信息。在这种超声波装置中，作为发送接收超声波的超声波元件，使用排列振动器，通过使该排列振动器机械摆动，以使该超声波扫描面变化，从而可得到被检体的三维信息。
用于这种超声波诊断装置的探头通常包括超声波元件和用于使其摆动的摆动机构。摆动机构为例如经齿轮将支撑轴连接到电机的输出轴，并将保持了超声波元件的保持器连接到该支撑轴的构造。在这种摆动机构中，若使电机驱动，则其旋转力经齿轮传到支撑轴，支撑轴旋转，连动于该支撑轴的运动，超声波元件与保持器一起旋转。于是，通过在预定的时间间隔内使电机的旋转方向反转，并反转超声波元件的旋转方向，从而实现了超声波元件的摆动。
进一步，提出了在摆动机构上设置用于检测超声波元件的摆动角度的角度检测器(例如，日本专利申请特开平3-184532号公报)。图7是表示构成现有的超声波探头的角度检测器的结构的斜视图。该角度检测器70由与上述支撑轴71连动地旋转，并且多个狭缝设置成以其旋转轴为中心的圆状的狭缝板72和配置为夹着狭缝板72的光学式计数器73构成。光学式计数器73以狭缝板72为边界，在一侧进行发光，在另一侧接收通过了狭缝的光，并通过该受光计数的数目来检测狭缝板72的旋转角度，即，支撑轴71的旋转角度。这样，通过检测出支撑轴的旋转角度，就可以检测出与该支撑轴连动旋转的超声波元件的旋转角度(摆动角度)。
但是，在上述现有的超声波探头中，由于检测器仅检测出受光计数的数目，所以不能正确地进行摆动原点的检测和对超声波探头进行电源接通时的超声波元件的位置检测。因此，电源接通时的超声波元件的原点复原控制变得复杂，存在用于原点复原的时间变慢的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可以容易且高速地进行超声波元件的原点复原控制的超声波探头。
为了实现所述目的，本发明的超声波探头，其特征在于，包括：用于发送接收超声波的超声波元件单元；用于使所述超声波元件单元摆动的摆动机构；用于检测所述超声波元件单元的摆动运动的检测器；所述检测器检测所述超声波元件单元的摆动角度和摆动原点，并且在以所述摆动原点为边界将所述超声波元件单元的摆动范围分为正区域和负区域时，检测所述超声波元件单元存在于所述正区域和所述负区域的哪一个中；根据所述检测器的检测结果，进行用于使所述超声波元件单元复原到所述摆动原点的原点复原控制。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的第一实施方式的超声波探头的一个例子的截面图；
图2是表示构成上述超声波探头的检测器的一个例子的模式图；
图3是表示由上述检测器得到的角度信号和原点复原用信号的一个例子的时序图；
图4是表示使用了上述超声波探头的超声波断层诊断装置的电路结构的框图；
图5是表示本发明的第二实施方式的超声波探头的一个例子的截面图；
图6是表示构成上述超声波探头的检测器的一个例子的模式图；
图7是表示构成现有的超声波探头的检测器的模式图。
具体实施方式
本发明的超声波探头具有检测超声波元件单元的摆动角度和摆动原点的检测器。进一步，该检测器在以摆动原点为边界将超声波元件单元的摆动范围二分为正区域和负区域时，检测出超声波元件单元存在于所述正区域和所述负区域的哪一个中。在该超声波探头使用时，根据检测器的检测结果，进行用于使所述超声波元件复原到所述摆动原点的原点复原控制。即，例如，在电源接通时的原点恢复控制时，对超声波诊断装置主体的控制机构，提供与超声波元件单元的位置和摆动原点有关的信息，并可根据该信息进行用于原点复原的控制。因此，可以容易且高速地实施复原动作。
上述超声波探头中，所述检测器可以构成为将至少单相的回转式编码器脉冲信号作为角度信号输出，并根据该角度信号检测出所述摆动角度，在所述超声波元件单元存在于所述正区域的情况下和存在于所述负区域的情况下，输出表示不同的逻辑电平的原点复原用信号，并根据该原点复原用信号的逻辑电平的变化点(即，上升沿或下降沿)，检测出所述摆动原点。
另外，所述超声波探头中，所述检测器可以构成为包括：狭缝板，与所述超声波元件单元连动摆动，并形成有第一狭缝，该第一狭缝形成开口部从对应于所述摆动原点的位置到至少对应于所述正区域或所述负区域的端部的位置的以其摆动轴为中心的圆弧状；向所述狭缝板照射光的光源；检测从所述光源透过了所述第一狭缝的光，转换为电信号后输出所述原点复原用信号的第一受光元件。
另外，所述超声波探头中，所述检测部可以构成为包括：狭缝板，与所述超声波元件单元连动摆动，并具有以预定间距排列成以其摆动轴为中心的圆或圆弧状的多个第二狭缝；向所述狭缝板照射光的光源；检测从所述光源透过了所述第二狭缝的光，并转换为电信号后，输出所述角度信号的第二受光元件。
在这种情况下，所述第一狭缝和所述第二狭缝最好形成在同一狭缝板上。
另外，上述超声波探头中，所述检测器也可构成为包括：磁鼓，与所述超声波元件单元连动摆动，并具有以预定间距排列成以其摆动轴为中心的圆或圆弧状的多个磁化图形；检测所述磁鼓的磁化图形，转换为电信号后输出所述角度信号的磁阻元件。
在这种情况下，所述磁鼓最好设置在直接固定在所述超声波元件单元上的摆动轴上。
下面，参照附图说明本发明的最佳实施方式。
(第一实施方式)
图1是表示本发明的第一实施方式的超声波探头的构造的一个例子的截面图。该超声波探头中，通过将窗11和框架15接合来构成介质室，并在该介质室内充填除气后的音响结合介质12。另外，在介质室内，容纳有配置了多个振动器后构成的超声波元件单元13。超声波元件单元13通过摆动轴固定器10固定在摆动轴14上。该摆动轴14通过设置在框架15上的轴承9，而被自由旋转地支撑。
这样，通过将摆动轴14直接固定在超声波元件单元13上，可以减小摆动半径，相对超声波元件单元13的摆动扫描角，可以更小地构成窗11的大小，同时，可以减小对于摆动轴14的惯性力矩，可以实现电机的低转矩化。
进一步，在该超声波探头上内置用于使超声波元件单元13摆动的摆动机构。该摆动机构由作为驱动源的电机2和用于将电机2的旋转驱动力传到超声波元件单元的摆动传递机构构成。摆动传递机构包括安装在电机的输出轴3上的驱动带轮5、安装在所述摆动轴上的从动带轮7和跨接在这两个带轮之间的传送带8。电机2经油封4固定在框架15上，通过该油封4防止了音响结合介质12浸入到电机内部。另外，电机的输出轴3通过在框架15上设置的轴承6来支撑。另外，电机2通过与框架15接合的框体16而被覆盖。
根据这种摆动机构，若驱动电机5，则其输出轴上安装的驱动带轮5旋转。该驱动带轮5的旋转运动经传送带8传到从动带轮7，从动带轮7旋转。摆动轴14连动于该从动带轮7的旋转运动而旋转，连动于该摆动轴14的旋转，超声波元件单元13旋转。于是，通过使电机的旋转方向以预定的时间间隔反转，以使超声波元件单元的旋转方向反转，可实现超声波元件的摆动。
进一步，在该超声波探头上内置有用于检测超声波元件单元13的摆动运动的检测器1。该检测器1构成为可检测出超声波元件单元13的摆动角度和摆动原点。进一步，检测器1构成为在以超声波元件单元13的位置——换言之是摆动原点——为边界而对摆动范围进行二分时(下面，将二分后的区域分别称作“正区域”和“负区域”)，可检测出超声波元件单元13存在于正区域和负区域的哪一个。
另外，检测器可以构成为通过安装在摆动轴上，直接检测出超声波元件单元的摆动运动。另外，也可构成为通过检测出与超声波元件单元连动地摆动(旋转)的部件(例如，电机的输出轴等)的运动，而可间接检测出超声波元件单元的摆动运动。
例如，图1所示的超声波探头中，检测器1构成为通过安装在电机2上，检测出电机的旋转运动。如前所述，由于超声波元件单元的摆动运动与电机的旋转运动连动，所以通过检测出电机的旋转运动，可以求出超声波元件单元的旋转运动。
图2是表示检测器1的结构的一个例子的模式图。该检测器1作为光学式的增加型回转式编码器构成。该检测器1中，将狭缝板23安装在电机的输出轴3上，使其与电机的输出轴连动旋转。在狭缝板23上，将用于检测超声波元件单元的位置和摆动原点的第一狭缝24和用于检测摆动角度的第二狭缝20设置成以狭缝板的旋转轴为中心的同心圆。来自光源21的光到达第二狭缝20的位置，通过了第二狭缝20的光L2的光量通过第二受光元件22而被检测出来。并且，由第二受光元件22检测出的光信号转换为电信号后，作为角度信号输出。另外，来自光源21的光也到达第一狭缝24的位置，通过了第一狭缝24的光L1的光量通过第一受光元件25而被检测出来。并且，由第二受光元件22检测出的光信号在转换为电信号后，作为原点复原用信号输出。
下面，使用图2，详细说明在狭缝板23上设置的各狭缝。图2中，O是相当于超声波元件单元的摆动原点的位置，即，在超声波元件单元位于摆动原点时，与受光元件重合的位置。另外，R是相当于超声波元件单元的摆动范围的区域，即，超声波元件单元在摆动期间在受光元件的前面可以通过的区域。
第一狭缝24是用于检测超声波元件单元的位置和摆动原点的狭缝，设置为以狭缝板23的旋转轴为中心的圆弧状。该第一狭缝24如图2所示，具有一端与相当于摆动原点的位置(O)匹配，另一端与相当于超声波元件单元的摆动范围的区域(R)的一个端部匹配，或超过其而开口的形状。即，该狭缝的形状为，在以相当于摆动原点的位置(O)为边界而将相当于超声波元件单元的摆动范围的区域(R)分割为两个区域的情况下，在一个区域中跨过整体形成开口，但是在另一个区域上为没有形成开口。
第二狭缝20是用于角度检测的狭缝，在狭缝板23的外周部以预定间距设置多个。另外，尽管第二狭缝20并不进行特别限定，但是其数目越多(间距越短)，摆动角度的检测分辨能力越高，因此是最好的。另外，虽然省略了图示，但是作为角度检测用的追加狭缝，也可按同心圆状设置与第二狭缝为同一间距(P)，且设置P/4的相位差来排列的多个狭缝(下面，称作“第三狭缝”)。
接着，使用图3说明由上述检测器1进行的摆动运动的检测动作。图3是表示由上述检测器得到的检测信号的一个例子的时序图。图3中，检测信号S1和S3是相对第二和第三狭缝而得到的信号，用作角度信号。另外，检测信号S2是相对第一狭缝24而得到的信号，用作原点复原用信号。
超声波元件单元的位置检测通过检测透过第一狭缝24的光来实施。如前所述，第一狭缝24形成为，在以相当于摆动原点的位置(O)为边界来将相当于超声波元件单元的摆动范围的区域(R)分割为两个区域时，在一个区域中跨过整体形成了开口，但是在另一个区域上没有形成开口的形状。因此，在超声波元件单元13存在于以摆动原点为边界分割摆动范围时的一个区域(例如，正区域)时，由于在光源和第一受光元件之间存在第一狭缝24，所以检测出了来自第一狭缝24的透过光。另一方面，在超声波元件单元13存在于另一个区域(例如，负区域)的情况下，由于在光源和第一受光元件之间不存在第一狭缝24，所以没有检测出透过光。这样，可以通过检测有无透过第一狭缝24的光来判断超声波元件单元相对摆动原点位于左右的哪个区域中(即，正区域和负区域的哪一个区域中)。
另外，从通过检测对于上述第一狭缝24的透过光而得到的信号(即，原点复原用信号)，可以检测出摆动原点。使用图3说明该摆动原点的检测。若电机的输出轴旋转，与其连动狭缝板23旋转，则由上述第一狭缝24得到的原点复原用信号例如如图3的S2所示，为二值的信号。该原点复原用信号的各逻辑电平对应于相对第一狭缝的透过光，在检测出了透过光的情况下，输出逻辑高电平，在实质上没有检测出透过光的情况下，输出逻辑低电平。并且，该原点复原用信号从逻辑高电平向逻辑低电平的变化点，在相当于摆动范围的区域(R)中，仅存在于一个位置，该变化点(O)相当于摆动原点。即，通过检测出从逻辑高电平向逻辑低电平的变化点，可以检测出摆动原点。
超声波元件单元的摆动角度的检测，通过检测出透过第二狭缝24的光来实现。若狭缝板23旋转，由上述第二狭缝24得到的信号(角度信号)例如图3的S1所示，为二值的脉冲信号。该角度信号的各逻辑电平分别对应于有无相对于第二狭缝的透过光。另外，脉冲数相当于在预定期间内通过了第二受光元件之前的第二狭缝的数目。因此，通过计数该脉冲数，可以求出摆动角度。
另外，在存在第三狭缝的情况下，若狭缝板23旋转，则由第三狭缝得到的信号(角度信号)例如如图3的S2所示，为相对于从第二狭缝20得到的信号S1的周期(T)具有T/4的相位差的二值脉冲信号。这样，通过设置第三狭缝，作为角度信号可以得到双相脉冲，可以进一步提高角度检测分辨能力。
例如，在500脉冲的编码器(即，狭缝数500)的情况下，若角度信号为单相脉冲，则虽然角度检测的分辨能力为0.36度，但是若为双相脉冲，则分辨能力为0.18度。另外，在角度信号为单相脉冲的情况下，可以在相对该脉冲的周期T为T/2的精度下进行控制，在双相脉冲的情况下，可以在相对周期T为T/4的高精度下进行控制。
另外，上述说明中，示例了在不透明板上设置了狭缝的情况，但是本发明并不限于此，即使构成为在玻璃板等的透明板上设置黑色的格子，当然也可实现同样的功能。另外，本实施方式中，作为检测器1，虽然示例了透过型的光学回转式编码器，但是利用反射型也可实现同样的功能。
下面，说明使用了上述超声波探头的超声波诊断。图4是表示使用了上述超声波探头的超声波诊断装置的电路结构的一个例子的框图。图4中，31表示超声波探头内的结构，33表示超声波诊断装置主体内的结构。
检测器32中，生成角度信号S1、S3和原点复原用信号S2，将这些信号送到诊断装置主体33的检测信号处理电路35中。检测信号处理电路35根据来自检测器32的角度信号S1、S3和原点复原用信号S2，生成用于执行超声波元件单元的摆动控制和原点复原控制的控制信号S4，并送到摆动驱动控制电路39中。摆动驱动控制电路39生成驱动信号S5，并将其送到超声波探头的电机2上，而对其进行驱动控制。电机的旋转驱动力通过摆动传递机构37传送到超声波元件单元13中，进行超声波元件单元13的摆动动作和原点复原控制。
另外，角度检测信号处理电路35将控制信号S6送到发送接收电路38中，从发送接收电路38发送对于超声波元件单元13的驱动信号S7。将该信号在超声波元件单元中转换为超声波后，发送到被检体。该超声波通过被检体反射，其反射波的一部分被超声波元件单元接收，转换为电信号(接收信号)S8后，发送到发送接收电路。该信号S8通过图像处理电路50转换为图像信号S9，而在监视器51上显示对应于图像信号S9的被检体的断层图像。
如上所述，根据本实施方式的超声波探头，通过检测器，除了超声波元件单元的摆动角度和摆动原点之外，还可检测出超声波元件单元的位置。因此，例如，在电源接通时的原点复原控制时，对超声波诊断装置主体的控制机构，提供作为原点复原用信号S2的与超声波元件单元的位置和摆动原点有关的信息，并根据该信息，进行用于原点复原的控制，所以可以容易且快速地实施复原动作。
另外，根据本实施方式，具有可以通过一个检测器容易地检测出超声波元件单元的摆动角度和摆动原点的优点。
(第二实施方式)
图5是表示本发明的第二实施方式的超声波探头的结构的一个例子的截面图。本实施方式中，说明了检测器通过各自分离的摆动角度检测器和摆动原点检测器来构成的情况。另外，图5中，对于与图1相同的部分，标以相同符号，并省略其说明。
原点检测器43检测超声波元件单元的位置和摆动原点。其作为光学回转式编码器构成，并安装在电机2的输出轴上。另外，原点检测器43可以是从图2所示的检测器的结构中去除了第二狭缝20和第二受光元件22的结构。另外，对于其检测动作，与在第一实施方式中，与第二狭缝有关的说明中所描述的动作实质上相同。
摆动角度检测器40检测超声波元件单元的摆动角度，可以作为磁回转式编码器构成。图6是摆动角度检测器40的详细构成图。该摆动角度检测器40包括在摆动轴14上安装的磁鼓41和在框架15上安装的磁阻元件42。在磁鼓41的表面43上以预定的间距形成磁化图形44，由磁阻元件42检测出该磁化图形44，并通过所得的检测信号进行摆动角度检测。
根据本实施方式，通过摆动角度检测器40检测出摆动角度，并且通过原点检测器43检测出超声波元件单元的位置和摆动原点。因此，在原点复原控制时，由于对超声波诊断装置主体的控制机构，提供了作为原点复原用信号的与超声波元件单元的位置和摆动原点有关的信息，所以可以容易且快速地实施复原动作。
另外，本实施方式中，由于使用磁回转式编码器构成摆动角度检测器40，所以在音响结合介质12中也可进行摆动角度的检测。因此，可以将在超声波探头内设置的角度检测器的配置设置在较大的范围。
另外，根据本实施方式，由于与第一实施方式不同，角度检测器40设置在直接固定于超声波元件单元13的摆动轴14上，所以可以不经摆动传递机构，直接检测出超声波元件单元13的摆动角度。由此，避免了因摆动传递结构产生的齿隙等的传递误差的影响，可以高精度地检测出超声波元件单元13的摆动角度。
【产业上的可用性】
如上所述，本发明的超声波探头由于可以进行例如电源接通时的超声波元件单元的位置检测和原点检测，所以超身波元件单元的原点复原控制变得容易，可以快速地实施原点复原。这种超声波探头对于通过对生物体进行超身波的发送接收而得到生物体内的信息的超声波诊断装置尤其有用。

Claims (7)

1、一种超声波探头，其特征在于，包括：
用于发送接收超声波的超声波元件单元；用于使所述超声波元件单元摆动的摆动机构；用于检测所述超声波元件单元的摆动运动的检测器；
所述检测器检测所述超声波元件单元的摆动角度和摆动原点，并且在以所述摆动原点为边界将所述超声波元件单元的摆动范围二分为正区域和负区域时，检测所述超声波元件单元存在于所述正区域和所述负区域的哪一个中；
根据所述检测器的检测结果，进行用于使所述超声波元件单元复原到所述摆动原点的原点复原控制。
2、根据权利要求1所述的超声波探头，其特征在于：
所述检测器将至少单相的回转式编码器脉冲信号作为角度信号输出，并根据该角度信号检测出所述摆动角度；
在所述超声波元件单元处于所述正区域的情况下和处于所述负区域的情况下，输出表示不同的逻辑电平的原点复原用信号，并根据该原点复原用信号的逻辑电平的变化点，检测出所述摆动原点。
3、根据权利要求2所述的超声波探头，其特征在于，所述检测器包括：
狭缝板，与所述超声波元件单元连动地摆动，并形成有第一狭缝，该第一狭缝形成开口部从对应于所述摆动原点的位置到至少对应于所述正区域或所述负区域的端部的位置的以其摆动轴为中心的圆弧状；
光源，向所述狭缝板照射光；
第一受光元件，检测从所述光源透过所述第一狭缝的光，转换为电信号后，输出所述原点复原用信号。
4、根据权利要求3所述的超声波探头，其特征在于，所述检测器包括：
狭缝板，与所述超声波元件单元连动地摆动，并具有以预定间距排列成以其摆动轴为中心的圆或圆弧状的多个第二狭缝；
光源，向所述狭缝板照射光；
第二受光元件，检测从所述光源透过所述第二狭缝的光，转换为电信号后，输出所述角度信号。
5、根据权利要求4所述的超声波探头，其特征在于：所述第一狭缝和所述第二狭缝被形成在同一狭缝板上。
6、根据权利要求3所述的超声波探头，其特征在于，所述检测器包括：
磁鼓，与所述超声波元件单元连动地摆动，并具有以预定间距排列成以其摆动轴为中心的圆或圆弧状的多个磁化图形；
磁阻元件，检测所述磁鼓的磁化图形，转换为电信号后，输出所述角度信号。
7、根据权利要求6所述的超声波探头，其特征在于：所述磁鼓设置在直接固定于所述超声波元件单元的摆动轴上。
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