CN1682008A - 用于通到地下区域的三维井系统 - Google Patents

用于通到地下区域的三维井系统 Download PDF

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CN1682008A
CN1682008A CNA038218453A CN03821845A CN1682008A CN 1682008 A CN1682008 A CN 1682008A CN A038218453 A CNA038218453 A CN A038218453A CN 03821845 A CN03821845 A CN 03821845A CN 1682008 A CN1682008 A CN 1682008A
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well
drainage
entry
exterior
wells
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J·A·祖潘尼克
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CDX Gas LLC
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CDX Gas LLC
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0035Apparatus or methods for multilateral well technology, e.g. for the completion of or workover on wells with one or more lateral branches
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006Production of coal-bed methane
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/14Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well

Abstract

一种用于从地面通到多个地下区域(20A,20B,20C)的排放系统,它包括从地面延伸的入口井(30)。该系统还包括从入口井延伸通过地下区域的两个或两个以上的外排放井。各外排放井从入口井朝外和朝下延伸第一所选距离,然后以基本垂直的方向朝下延伸第二所选距离。

Description

用于通到地下区域的三维井系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及关于利用地下资源的系统和方法,具体地涉及用于通到地下区域的三维井系统。
发明背景
地下煤矿床通常含有大量夹带的甲烷气体。多年来已从煤矿床进行了甲烷气体的有限的生产和利用。但是,许多问题阻止了更大的开采和利用沉积在煤层中的甲烷气体。从煤层生产甲烷气体的最主要问题是虽然煤层可以延伸直至几千英亩的很大面积,但是煤层不是很厚,从几英寸到几米厚。这样,虽然煤层通常较接近地面,但是为要得到甲烷气体而钻入煤矿床的垂直井仅能在煤矿床周围引流相当小的半径。而且,煤矿床可能不适合于通常为了增加来自岩石结构层的甲烷气体生产而使用的加压破裂和其它方法。因此,一旦从煤层中的垂直井生产易于引导的气体,就限制了进一步的体积生产率。此外,煤层通常与地下水相连,为了生产甲烷通常必须从煤层引流地下水。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于通到地下区域的三维井系统,它基本上消除和减小了与先前系统和方法相关联的缺点和问题。尤其,本发明的某些实施例提供了用于为从多个煤层有效地生产和排放所夹带的甲烷气体和水的通到地下区域的三维井系统。
按照本发明的一实施例,一种用于从地面通到多个地下区域的排放系统包括一从地面延伸的入口井。该系统还包括从入口井通过多个区域延伸的两个或两个以上的外排放井。各外排放井从入口井外并朝下延伸一第一选择的距离,然后以大体上垂直方向向下延伸一第二选择的距离。
本发明的实施例可以提供一个或多个技术优点。这些技术优点可以包括提供用于从地面有效地通到一个或多个地下区域的系统和方法。这些实施例保证了利用一单个地面井从这些地下区域均匀地排放流体或其它物质。并且,本发明的实施例可以用于从多个薄的副地面层(它们的厚度使在多层中形成一水平排放井和/或井结构效率不高或不可行)抽取流体。还可以利用本发明的实施例将流体注入一个或多个地下区域。
从附图、叙述和所附的权利要求书中,本发明的其它技术优点对于本领域的熟练人员将变得更明显。
附图简述
为了更完整地理解本发明及其优点,现在结合附图参阅以下说明,在附图中相同的标号代表相同的部分,其中:
图1示出了按照本发明的一实施例的示例性的三维排放系统;
图2示出了按照本发明的另一实施例的示例性的三维排放系统;
图3示出了图2的示例性的三维排放系统的截面图;
图4示出了入口井和安装的导管束;
图5示出了当将要钻排放井时的入口井和所安装的导管束;
图6示出了正在钻排放井时的入口井和所安装的导管束;
图7示出了利用造斜器从入口井钻排放井的情况;
图8示出了从示例性的三维排放系统钻孔和生产的示范性方法,以及
图9示出了多个三维排放系统的窝形构造。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于从地面通到多个地下区域20的示例性的三维排放系统10。在以下所示的实施例中,地下区域20是煤层;但是,将理解到利用排放系统10能够类似地通达其它地下结构层。而且,虽然叙述排放系统10系用于从区域20排放和/或生产水、碳氢化合物和其它流体的,但是系统10还可以用于在采矿加工之前在区域20内处理矿藏,以注入或引入液体、气体或其它物质进入区域20,或者用于任何其它的适当目的。
排放系统10包括入口井30和许多排放井40。入口井30从地面朝地下区域20延伸,排放井40从入口井30的末端附近延伸,通过一个或多个地下区域。排放井40或者可以从入口井30的任何其它适当部分延伸或者可以直接从地面延伸。入口井30被示为基本垂直,但是,应该理解入口井30可相对于地面以任何适当角度形成。
一个或多个排放井40从入口井30朝外和朝下延伸,形成可以用于从地下区域20抽取流体的三维排放结构。虽然使用术语“排放井”,但是还应该理解这些井40还可以用于将流体注入地下区域20。从入口井30(或地面)以一角度开始钻一个或多个“外”排放井40,用以为从区域20有效地排放流体而得到井40所要求的间距。例如,多个井40可以相互分开成它们均匀地分开。在从入口井30以一角度延伸得到所需的角度之后,井40可以大体向下延伸到所需的深度。“中央”排放井40也可以从入口井30直接向下延伸。井40可沿着各井40的长度的任何适当的多个位置通过多个区域20。
如在图1的示例性系统10中所示,各井40从地面向下延伸和通过多个地下区域40。在特定实施例中,区域20包含压力作用下的流体,这些流体趋于从它们各自的区域20通过这一区域20流入井40。然后流体可以沿着井40流动并收集在井40的底部。然后可以将流体泵送到地面。此外或者可替换地,依据流体的类型和结构层中的压力,流体可以从区域20流到井40,然后向上流到表面。例如,含有水和甲烷气体的煤层20可以利用井40排放。在这情况下,水可以从煤层20排放和流到井40的底部并被泵送到地面。在这水被泵送时,甲烷气体可以从煤层20流入井40,然后向上到达地面。因为是带有许多煤层的情况,一旦有充分数量的水从煤层20被排出,可以显著地增加流到表面的甲烷气体的数量。
在某些类型的地下区域20中,诸如具有较低的渗透性的一区域20,流体仅能有效地流动一短距离而到达井40。例如在较低渗透性的煤层20中,煤层20中的水要流动通过该层20而到达从地面钻入煤层20的单个井可能是花费较长的时间。因此,对于该层20充分排放水、以有效地生产甲烷气体也可能是花费较长时间(或者这样的生产甚至可能不会发生)。因此,希望钻多个井进入煤层20,以使煤层的特定部分或其它区域20中的水或其它流体较靠近至少一个井。在过去,这意味着钻多个垂直井,各垂直井从不同的地面位置延伸;但是,这通常是费用大且为有害环境的工作过程。系统10不需要从地面钻多个井,而同时仍然利用多个排放井40来提供均匀地通向区域20的通道。并且,系统10可提供比液压断裂更均匀的有效范围和更有效的流体抽取(或注入),而在过去,利用液压断裂以增加一井孔的排放面积仅获得有限的成功。
通常,井40与区域20接触的表面积越大,流体从区域20流入井40的能力越强。增加钻入和/或通过区域20的各井40的表面积的一方法是,形成井40与区域20接触的加大的空腔45。通过增加这表面积,增加了在区域20内的、被井40相交的气体传送层缝纹理或其它流体传送结构的数量。因此,各井40可以具有在井40与地下区域20的相交处或附近的一个或多个相关联的空腔45。可以利用扩孔工具或利用任何其它的适当技术来形成空腔45。
在示例性的系统10中,各井40在各井40与区域20相交处被扩大,以形成一空腔45。但是,在其它实施例中,某些井40或全部井40在一个或多个区域20可以没有空腔。例如,在一特定实施例中,仅在各井40的底部可以形成一空腔45。在这位置,空腔45还可以用作为诸如水之类的流体的收集部位或贮坑,流体从位于空腔45之上的区域20沿着井40向下排放。在这实施例中,泵入口可以位于在各井40的底部处的收集集聚的流体的空腔45内。仅作为一个例子,可以使用Moyno泵。
附加于或代替空腔45,可以利用区域20的液压断裂或分割(“fracing”),以诸加流体从区域20流入井40。利用液压断裂在地下地质结构层、例如地下区域20中产生小裂缝,以允许流体通过该结构层运动到达井40。
如以上所述,可以使用系统10从多个地下区域20抽取流体。这些地下区域20可以被一个或多个材料层50分开,这些材料层不包含希望抽取的碳氢化合物或其它材料和/或妨碍碳氢化合物或其它材料在诸地下区域20之间流动。所以,通常必需钻一井到达(或通过)地下层20,以便从该区域20抽取流体的其他材料。如以上所述,这可以利用多个垂直地面井来进行。但是,如以上所述,这要求过多的地面作业。
还可利用钻通区域20并连接到地面井的水平井和/或排放结构以抽取收集在水平井和/或排放结构中的流体,执行流体的抽取。但是,虽然这一排放结构可以是很有效的,但是对它钻孔是很花钱的。因此,在多地下区20的每个区内,尤其是当区域20是较薄时,钻出这样的排放结构可能是不经济的或不可行的。
另一方面,系统10仅要求一单个地面部位,并且甚至在这些区域20是较薄时也能够从多区域20经济地抽取流体。例如,虽然某些煤结构层可以包含五十至百英尺厚的基本上为固体的煤层(这可以是关于水平排放结构的良好候选对象),但是其它煤结构层可以被构成为许多薄的(例如一英尺厚)层或诸煤层相互分开。在这些薄层的每一层中钻水平排放结构可能是不经济的时候,系统10可提供一种从这些层抽取流体的有效方法。虽然系统10可能没有与水平排放结构和特定的煤层20相接触的相同数量的井表面积,但是使用钻到或通过特定层20(以及可能使用空腔45)的多个井40可提供与层20的充分接触,以能够充分地抽取流体。并且,应该注意到系统10还可以从较厚的煤层或其它区域20有效地抽取流体。
图2示出了关于从地面通到多地下区域20的另一示例性三维排放系统110。系统110类似于以上联系图1所述的系统10。因此,系统110包括入口井130、通过地下区域20所形成的排放井140以及空腔145。但是,与系统10不同的是系统110的外排放井140不单独地终止(如井40),而是具有朝中央排放井140延伸并与位于所达到的最深地下区域20内的或在其之下的槽坑空腔160相交的下部142。因此,从诸区域20排放的流体将排放到一公用部位,用于泵送到地面。这样,仅需要从贮坑空腔160泵送流体,而不是从系统10的各排放井40的底部泵送流体。利用扩孔工具和利用任何其它适当的技术可以产生贮坑空腔160。
图3示出了沿着图2所示的线3-3所截取的示例性的三维排放系统110的截面图。此图更详细地示出了排放井140与贮坑空腔160的相交。而且,此图还示出了可用来帮助钻排放井140(或排放井40)的导管束200,如以下所。
图4示出了带有导管束200的入口井130和安装入口井130内的关联的壳体210。导管束200可位于入口井130的底部附近并用于引导在若干特定方位中之一的、用于钻排放井140的钻具组。导管束200包括一组扭转的导管220(可以是连接壳体)和壳体套圈230,如图所示,并且连接于壳体210。如以下所述,可以利用连接壳体220的扭转引导钻具组到达所需的方位。虽然在示例性实施例中示出了三根导管220,但是也可以利用任何适当的数量。在特定的实施例中,对应于要被钻的各排放孔40有一导管220。
壳体210可以是任何淡水壳体或适用于下井操作的其它壳体。将壳体210和导管束200插入入口井130,并将水泥保持件240灌注或其它方法安装在入口井130内部的壳体周围。水泥保持件240可以是适合于将壳体210相对于入口井130保持在所需位置的任何混合物或者物质。
图5示出了将要钻排放井140时的入口井130和导管束200。将钻具组300放入导管束200的其中一根导管220内。可以顺序地将钻具组引入各导管220,用于从各导管220钻出一相应的排放井40。为了保持钻具组300相对地在入口井130内定中心,可以使用稳定器310。稳定器310可以是环形和翅片型稳定器或适合于保持钻具组300相对地被定中心的任何其它稳定器。为了将稳定器310保持在入口井130内的所需深度,可以使用挡环320。挡环320可以由橡胶、金属或任何其它合适材料构成。可以将钻具组300随机地插入多个导管220的任一个之中,或者可以将钻具组300引入所选的导管220内。
图6示出了正在钻排放井140时的入口井130和导管束。如图所示,各导管220的端部被定向成使插入该导管220的钻具组300将被处于偏离垂直方向的该导管所引导。关于各导管220的方位的这方向可以被确定为各排放井140离开入口井130的所要求的最初方向。一旦已将各排放井140在由导管220所确定的方向从入口井130钻出充分的距离,然后可以使用定向的钻孔技术,用于改变各排放井140相对于基本垂直方向或任何其它所需方向的方向。
应该注意到虽然叙述了使用导管束200,这仅仅是一例子,也可以使用任何适当的技术钻排放井140(或排放井40)。例如,或者可以使用造斜器从入口井130钻各排放井140,这一技术被包括在本发明的范围内。如果使用造斜器,由于在入口井130内不需要容纳导管束,因此入口井130的直径可以比所示的较小。图7示出了利用钻具组300和造斜器330从入口井130钻一第一排放井140。
图8示出了利用三维排放系统110钻孔和生产流体或其它资源的示例性方法。该方法在钻入口井140的步骤开始。在步骤335中,利用钻具组从入口井向下钻中央排放井140。在步骤360中,在中央排放井140的底部附近形成贮坑空腔160,并在中央排放井140和各地下区域20的相交处形成空腔145。在步骤365中,将导管束200安装进入中央井130。
在步骤370中,将钻具组300插入通过入口井130以及在导管束200内的其中一导管220。然后在步骤375中使用钻具组300钻一外排放井140(注意外排放井140的直径可以与中央排放井140的直径不同)。如以上所述,一旦从入口井130对外排放井140已钻出适当距离,可以操纵钻具组130以基本垂直方向朝下钻排放井140通过一个或多个地下区域20(不过井140可以在不垂直的情况下通过一个或多个地下区域20)。并且,在特定的实施例中,井140(或40)可以相对于垂直方向以一角度朝外延伸。在步骤380中,操纵钻具组,使外排放井140朝中央排放井40转向并与贮坑空腔160相交。并且,在步骤382中,在外排放井140和各地下区域20的相交处可以形成空腔145。
在判定步骤385中,决定是否还要另外的外排放井140。如果需要另一排放井140,则为了每一另外的排放井140该过程要返回到步骤370并重复通过步骤380。对于每一排放井140,将钻具组300插入不同的导管220,以便将该排放井定向在与已钻出的那些排放井不同的方向。如果不希望有另外的排放井140,过程继续到达步骤390,在此安装生产设备。例如,如果期望流体从地下区域20排放到贮坑空腔160,可以将泵安装在贮坑空腔160内,将流体上升到地面。附加于其或可替换地,可以安装设备,用于收集从地下区域20沿着排放井140上升的气体。在步骤395中,利用生成设备从地下区域20生产流体,同时该方法结束。
虽然已按某顺序叙述了诸步骤,不过,将理解到可以按任何适当顺序执行它们。并且,可以省去一个或多个步骤,或者按需执行附加的步骤。
图9示出多个示例性的三维排放系统410的成窝形的结构。每个排放系统410包括设置在六角形布局中的七个排放井440(七个井140中的一个是从入口井430直接朝下钻的中央排放井410)。由于排放井440位于地下,因此它们的最外部分(该部分基本垂直)在图9中用“X”指示。仅仅作为一个例子,各系统410可以形成有1200英尺的尺寸d1和800英尺的尺寸d2。但是,也可以使用任何其它适当的尺寸,这仅仅是一例子。
如图所示,多个系统410可以按相互关系定位,以使由多个系统410复盖的地下结构层的排放面积最大。由于各系统410内的排放井440的数量和方位,各系统410复盖了大致六边形排放区域。因此,系统410可以被对齐或“成窝形”,如图所示,从而该系统410形成大体上蜂窝型对齐结构,并可提供地下结构层的均匀排放。
虽然示出了“六边形”系统410,但也可将三维排放系统形成和布置成窝形的其它可行的适当尺寸。例如,系统10和110可形成为布置成窝形的正方或矩形形状的其它系统10和110。或者,也可以形成为任何其它多边形形状,并带有任何适当数量(奇数或偶数)的排放井。
虽然已用若干实施例叙述了本发明,对于本领域的熟练人员还可以提出各种变化和修改。本发明函盖落在所附权利要求书范围内的这些变化和修改。

Claims (28)

1.一种从地面通到多个地下区域的方法,它包括:
从地面形成入口井;以及
从入口井形成通过地下区域的两个或两个以上排放井,其中各排放井从入口井向外和向下延伸一第一所选距离,然后基本上按垂直方向朝下延伸一第二所选距离。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:还包括在一个或多个外排放井和一个或多个地下区域相交处的附近从一个或多个外排放井形成扩大的空腔。
3.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:还包括从入口井以大体垂直方向钻出通过地下区域向下延伸的中央排放井。
4.权利要求3的方法,其特征在于:中央排放井包括比外排井较大的直径。
5.权利要求3的方法,其特征在于:还包括在中央排放井的底部附近从中央排放井形成扩大的空腔。
6.权利要求5的方法,其特征在于:还包括形成外排放井,使各外排放井向内朝中央排放井延伸一所选的第三距离并与扩大的空腔相交。
7.权利要求5的方法,其特征在于还包括:
将一泵入口放在扩大的空腔内;以及
将产自一个或多地下区域的流体从扩大的空腔泵送到地面。
8.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:还包括形成多个排放系统,每个系统包括入口井和两个或两个以上相关联的外排放井,诸排放系统相互靠近,以致它们相互邻近地成窝形结构。
9.权利要求8的方法,其特征在于:各排放系统包括六个外排放井和复盖大致六边形区域,其中诸排放系统一起形成蜂窝结构。
10.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:多个地下区域包括煤层。
11.权利要求10的方法,其特征在于:一个或多个煤层包括太薄以致不能在该煤层中钻出一水平排放井的一厚度。
12.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于还包括:
将泵入口放在一个或多个排放井的底部附近;以及
将产自一个或多个地下区域的流体从泵入口泵送到地面。
13.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:还包括利用排放井将流体从地面注入一个或多个地下区域。
14.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于还包括:
将导管束插入入口井,导管束包括两个或两个以上扭转的导管;以及
从入口井利用导管形成外排放井。
15.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:利用造斜器从入口井形成两个或两个以上的外排放井。
16.一种用于从地面通到多个地下区域的排放系统,它包括:
从地面延伸的入口井;以及
从入口井延伸通过地下区域的两个或两个以上的外排放井,其中各外排放井从入口井朝外和朝下延伸第一所选距离,然后以基本垂直方向朝下延伸第二所选距离。
17.权利要求16的系统,其特征在于:还包括在一个或多个外排放井和一个或多个地下区域的相交处附近从一个或多个外排放井形成扩大的空腔。
18.权利要求16的系统,其特征在于:还包括从入口井、以基本垂直方向朝下延伸通过地下区域的中央排放井。
19.权利要求18的系统,其特征在于:中央排放井包括比外排放井较大的直径。
20.权利要求18的系统,其特征在于:还包括在中央排放井的底部附近从中央排放井形成的扩大空腔。
21.权利要求20的系统,其特征在于:各外排放井向内朝中央排放井延伸一所选的第三距离并与扩大的空腔相交。
22.权利要求20的系统,其特征在于:还包括被构造成将产自一个或多个地下区域的流体从扩大的空腔泵送到地面的泵。
23.权利要求16的系统,其特征在于:还包括多个排放系统,各排放系统包括入口井和两个或两个以上相关联的外排放井,诸排放系统相互靠近,以致它们相邻地形成窝状结构。
24.权利要求23的系统,其特征在于:各排放系统包括六个外排放井和复盖大致六边形区域,其中诸排放系统一起形成蜂窝结构。
25.权利要求16的系统,其特征在于:多个地下区域包括煤层。
26.权利要求25的系统,其特征在于:一个或多个煤层包括太薄以致不能在该煤层中钻出一水平排放井的一厚度。
27.权利要求16的系统,其特征在于:还包括被构造成将产自一个或多个地下区域的流体从一个或多个排放井的底部泵送到地面的泵。
28.权利要求16的系统,其特征在于:还包括位于入口井内的导管束,导管束包括两个或两个以上扭转的导管,其中利用导管从入口井形成外排放井。
CNA038218453A 2002-09-12 2003-09-09 用于通到地下区域的三维井系统 Pending CN1682008A (zh)

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