CN1274821A - 有发泡外层的多层管状组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种供流体输送用的多层管状组件,该管件适宜输送含烃流体。该管体包括一层由多相聚合物共混物或聚合物合金构成的可挤塑的粘合剂层,该粘合剂层是围绕氟聚合物阻渗透层共挤塑成的;围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成一层发泡聚酰胺外层。聚合物共混物或聚合物合金粘合剂层具有多相形态,其中一相与形成阻渗透层的氟聚合物相溶混,而另一相与形成发泡外层的聚酰胺相溶混。
Description
发明背景
本申请是1996年1月29日提出申请的共同未决申请08/593068的部分继续。本发明涉及用于流体和蒸气输送系统的多层管材。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于汽车燃油管路的、具有一层或多层氟聚合物内层、中间粘合剂层和发泡聚酰胺外层的共挤塑多层管状组件。
输送液体和蒸气的管状组件在技术上是众所周知的。对于燃料管路用途来说,管状组件是处在各种有害条件下使用的,该管材几乎总是与燃料和其它汽车用液体及添加剂相接触的,而且还需考虑外部环境因素如石块撞击和腐蚀性介质(如盐)的影响。此外,发动机温度常会上升到很高程度;而在寒冷的气候中,管材也会暴露在很低的温度下。
根据以上考虑,已经设计出拥有多层的管材,管材的每层材料具有特定的性能而且优选具有互补特性。例如,内管层通常设计成阻止液体和气体渗透的,而外层设计成具有足够的机械强度和耐冲击性。
技术上已有许多多层管状组件的实例。Maillard的美国专利3561493公开了拥有两层不同塑料共挤塑层和处于该两层之间的共挤塑粘合剂层的管材,这些塑料层选自具有互补特性的塑料。Luecke等人的美国专利4643927公开了以不透气性能较好的聚偏氯乙烯为中心防渗透层的管材,该防渗透层的内外表面分别被内粘合剂层和外粘合剂层围绕,而该两粘合剂层又被防止中心防渗透层发生降解的聚乙烯内表层和外表层所围绕。Igarishi等人的美国专利4887647介绍了含有能防止因胺型添加剂而引起降解的并与外层橡胶层有高粘合性的氟橡胶内层的多层管材。Brunnhofer的美国专利5038833公开了含有聚酰胺外保护层、防醇渗透的聚乙烯醇中间层和防水渗透的聚酰胺内层的管材。Brunnhofer的美国专利5076329公开了拥有尼龙制的外层、内层和中间层以及中间粘合剂层和阻溶剂层的五层管状组件。
对于燃料管路来说,还必须考虑内部静电荷的释放,因为这种积累的、未散逸的电荷最终会导致燃料管路发生破裂。Rowand等人的美国专利3166688和Slade的美国专利3473087公开了拥有容易散逸静电能导电内层的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)管状组件。
限制烃的允许排放量的政府法令的颁布已经推动了多层管材设计方面有了新的进展。众所周知,氟聚合物具有良好的阻止烃类燃料渗透的性能,因此,目前多层管状组件常包括至少一层阻渗透氟聚合物层。然而,在探索工业上实际可行的设计时就已经遇到了困难,例如,大多数具有高机械性能的氟聚合物与其它氟聚合物的粘合性不好;而具有良好粘合性的氟聚合物(尤其是聚偏二氟乙烯PVDIF)又往往机械强度较低。
Noone等人的美国专利5383087是最近的一个实例,它包括一层耐冲击聚酰胺外层、一层中间粘合层、一层阻渗透氟塑料内层和一层供静电荷散逸的导电氟塑料最内层,所有各层都是共挤塑的。最内导电层具有10-4-10-9欧姆/平方厘米的优异的静电散逸性能。然而,具有这样极高导电率的材料一般来说是金属或脆性塑料,因此,它们是难以挤塑成形,而且机械性能也是不良的。此外,5383087专利中公开的大多数氟聚合物与不同聚合物的粘合性能也很差。
Nawrot等人的美国专利5419374论述了氟聚合物的粘合性问题。Nawrot等人公开了拥有聚酰胺12外层、PVDF内层和中间粘合剂层(聚氨酯与乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的混合物)的多层共挤塑管材。如上所述,虽然PVDF对聚酰胺层有较好的粘附性,但PVDF多层管材有低温耐冲击性能差的缺点,这是因为PVDF在低温下会发脆的缘故。
其它高性能氟聚合物如乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)具有较好的低温耐冲击性能,但也会存在粘合问题。在技术上解决该问题的一种方法是采用诸如化学腐蚀、等离子体放电或电晕放电这类方法对ETFE表面进行预处理。例如,欧洲专利申请公开0551094公开了一种多层管状组件,其中ETFE内层是通过电晕放电而提高与聚酰胺外层的粘合强度的。同样,PCT国际专利申请WO 95/23036是以等离子体放电法处理ETFE内层而达到与热固性弹性体外层有较高粘合强度的。根据同样思路,美国专利5170011公开了通过腐蚀氟烃聚合物内层来提高与聚酰胺外层粘合强度的方法。这些方法也有它们的问题,诸如电晕放电和等离子体放电方法的预处理,需要高的费用,并且还可能对环境产生危害。而且,在许多情况(如电晕处理)下只能达到暂时粘合,随着逐渐老化可能会发生脱层。
发明概述
本发明提供一种拥有挤塑的阻渗透氟聚合物内层、围绕该内层的共挤塑粘合剂层和围绕粘合剂层的共挤塑发泡聚酰胺外层的共挤塑多层管状组件。粘合剂层是由多相形态的聚合物合金构成的,其中一相可与氟聚合物溶混,而另一相可与聚酰胺溶混。
优选实施方案的详细说明
本发明提供一种拥有阻渗透的氟聚合物内层、粘合剂中间层和化学性质与氟聚合物不同的聚合物外层的共挤塑多层管状组件。粘合剂层是由多相形态的聚合物共混物或合金形成的,其中一相与形成阻渗透内层的氟聚合物相溶混,而另一相与构成外层的、化学性质与氟聚合物不同的聚合物相溶混。该管材也可拥有表面电阻率为约102-108ohm/sq.的氟聚合物半导电的最内层。半导电层与高导电层相比,具有较高的机械性能,并更适宜于共挤塑加工。
本发明的第一个实施方案是供液体燃料管路用的四层管状组件,该管件包括一层挤塑的乙烯四氟乙烯(ETFE)半导电最内层,ETFE半导电层是由ETFE与1%-10%(重量)导电炭黑混合而制成的,该半导电层的表面电阻率为约102-108ohm/sq.,优选为102-105ohm/sq.;一层围绕ETFE半导电最内层共挤塑而成的ETFE阻渗透内层。
一层粘合剂层是围绕阻渗透内层共挤塑成的,该粘合剂是一种具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相与ETFE相容或溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺相容或溶混。关于聚合物合金和共混物的形态学进展和相分离机理是已知的,并在本发明人的先有技术出版物中已有说明,参看多相体系固化中用相分离或相溶解进行形态和性能控制(“Morphology and Property Control via Phase Separation or PhaseDissolution during Cure in Multiphase System”),聚合物技术进展(Advances in Polymer Technology),vol.10,NO.3,pp185-203(1990)。具有多相形态的聚合物共混物和聚合物合金粘合剂的应用也在本发明人的先前技术出版物中作了说明,参看H.S.-Y.Hsich,Proc.34th Iht.SAMPE Symp.,884(1989),H.S.-Y.Hsich,J.Mater.Sci.25,1568(1990),H.S.-Y.Hsich,聚合物工程科学(Polym.Eng.Sci.)30,493(1990)。
一层聚酰胺外层是围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成的,该聚酰胺可以是尼龙12、尼龙6或是一层尼龙6底层和一层尼龙12面层。
本发明的第二个实施方案是供液体燃料管路用的三层管状组件。该组件包括一层挤塑的柔软ETFE半导电的阻渗透内层,ETFE半导电层是由ETFE与1%-6%(重量)导电炭黑混合而制成的,该半导电层的表面电阻率为约102-108ohm/sq.,优选为103-105ohm/sq.。
一层粘合剂层是围绕阻渗透内层共挤塑成的,该粘合剂与第一个实施方案一样是一种具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相是与ETFE相容或溶混的,而另一相是与聚酰胺相容或溶混的。一层聚酰胺外层是围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成的。该聚酰胺层可以是尼龙12、尼龙6或是一层尼龙6底层和一层尼龙12面层。
本发明的第三个实施方案是供蒸气燃料管路用的三层管状部件。该管件包括一层挤塑的柔软ETFE阻渗透内层;一层围绕阻渗透内层共挤塑成的粘合剂层,该粘合剂与第一个和第二个实施方案一样是具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相是与ETFE相容或溶混的,而另一相是与聚酰胺相容或溶混的;一层围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成的聚酰胺外层,该聚酰胺可以是尼龙12、尼龙6或是一层尼龙6底层和一层尼龙12面层。
虽然,前三个实施方案公开了由作为优选氟聚合物的ETFE形成的阻渗透内层,但应当指出的是,采用单相粘合剂使其它类型氟聚合物与聚酰胺相粘合也是非常困难的。因此,具有多相形态的,其中一相与氟聚合物相容或溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺相容或溶混的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金也可用于聚酰胺外层与除ETFE外的氟聚合物内层的粘合。
本发明的第四个实施方案是供液体燃料管路用的四层管状组件,该管件包括一层挤塑的氟聚合物半导电最内层,氟聚合物半导电层是由氟聚合物与1%-10%(重量)导电炭黑混合而制成的,该半导电聚合物层的表面电阻率为约102-108ohm/sq.,优选为102-105ohm/sq.;围绕半导电氟聚合物最内层共挤塑成一层氟聚合物阻渗透内层,形成半导电层的氟聚合物可以是与形成阻渗透内层的氟聚合物同类型的,或者可以是不同类型的。
一层粘合剂层是围绕阻渗透内层共挤塑成的,该粘合剂是一种具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相与形成阻渗透内层的氟聚合物相容或溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺相容或溶混。
一层发泡聚酰胺外层是围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成的。发泡聚酰胺能赋予管状组件与非发泡聚酰胺相同的强度,与非发泡聚酰胺比较,使用发泡聚酰胺形成外层还可大大减轻管材的重量。重量的减轻是由于聚酰胺在发泡过程形成了孔隙的缘故。
聚酰胺可以是尼龙12或尼龙6或尼龙46。在聚酰胺中添加发泡剂可使聚酰胺发泡。这种发泡剂的实例包括(但不受此限制)偶氮二酰胺、肼衍生物、氨基脲、四唑、苯并噁嗪以及它们的混合物。发泡剂是在挤塑加工前与聚酰胺相混合的,随后在外层挤塑时,发泡剂使聚酰胺发生膨胀即发泡,从而在外层内产生孔隙。
本发明的第五个实施方案是供液体燃料管路用的三层管状组件。该管件包括一层挤塑的柔软氟聚合物半导电的阻渗透内层,氟聚合物半导电层是由氟聚合物与1%-6%(重量)导电炭黑混合而制成的,该半导电聚合物的表面电阻率为约102-108ohm/sq.,优选为103-105ohm/sq.。
一层粘合剂层是围绕半导电的阻渗透内层共挤塑成的。该粘合剂一种是具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相是与氟聚合物相容或溶混的,而另一相与聚酰胺相容或溶混;围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成一层发泡聚酰胺外层,该聚酰胺可以是尼龙12、尼龙6或尼龙46。本实施方案中的发泡聚酰胺是与第四个实施方案中的发泡聚酰胺相同的。
本发明的第六个实施方案是供蒸气燃料管路用的三层管状组件。该管件包括一层挤塑的柔软氟聚合物阻渗透内层;围绕阻渗透内层共挤塑成一层粘合剂层,该粘合剂是一种具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相与氟聚合物相容或溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺相容或溶混;围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成一层发泡聚酰胺外层,该聚酰胺可以是尼龙12、尼龙6或尼龙46。本实施方案中的发泡聚酰胺是与第四个实施方案中的发泡聚酰胺相同的。
本发明的第七个实施方案是供蒸气燃料管路用的四层管状组件。该管件包括一层挤塑的柔软氟聚合物阻渗透内层;围绕阻渗透内层共挤塑成一层粘合剂层,该粘合剂层是一种具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相与氟聚合物相容或溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺相容或溶混;围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成一层聚酰胺层;围绕聚酰胺层共挤塑成一层发泡聚酰胺层,形成聚酰胺层和发泡聚酰胺层的聚酰胺可以是尼龙12、尼龙6或尼龙46。形成聚酰胺层的聚酰胺与发泡聚酰胺的类型可以是相同的,也可以是不相同的。本实施方案的外层发泡聚酰胺与第四个实施方案中的发泡聚酰胺是相同的。
本发明的第八个实施方案是供蒸气燃料管路用的四层管状组件。该管件包括一层挤塑的柔软氟聚合物半导电的阻渗透内层,该氟聚合物半导电内层是由氟聚合物与1%-6%(重量)的导电炭黑混合而制成的,该半导电聚合物的表面电阻率为约102-108ohm/sq.,优选为103-105ohm/sq.。
一层粘合剂层是围绕半导电的阻渗透内层共挤塑成的,该粘合剂是一种具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相与氟聚合物相容或溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺相容或溶混;一层聚酰胺层是围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成的;围绕聚酰胺层共挤塑一层发泡聚酰胺层,形成聚酰胺层与发泡聚酰胺层的聚酰胺可以是尼龙12、尼龙6或尼龙46。形成聚酰胺层与发泡聚酰胺层的聚酰胺可以是相同的,也可以是不相同的。本实施方案的外层发泡聚酰胺与第四个实施方案中的发泡聚酰胺是相同发泡的。
本发明第九个实施方案是供蒸气燃料管路用的五层管状组件。该管件包括一层挤塑的柔软氟聚合物半导电内层,该氟聚合物半导电层是由氟聚合物与1%-6%(重量)导电碳黑混合制成的,该半导电聚合物的表面电阻为约102-108ohm/sq.,优选为103-105ohm/sq.;围绕氟聚合物半导电层挤塑一层柔软氟聚合物阻渗透内层,形成半导电层的氟聚合物与形成阻渗透内层的氟聚合物可以是同类型的,或者可以是不同类型的。
一层粘合剂层是围绕阻渗透层共挤塑成的,该粘合剂是一种具有多相形态的聚合物共混物或聚合物合金,其中一相与形成阻渗透内层的氟聚合物相容或溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺相容或溶混;围绕粘合剂层共挤塑成一层聚酰胺层;围绕聚酰胺层共挤塑成一层发泡聚酰胺层,形成聚酰胺层的聚酰胺与发泡聚酰胺层的聚酰胺可以是尼龙12、尼龙6或尼龙46。形成聚酰胺层与发泡聚酰胺的聚酰胺可以是相同的,也可以是不相同的。本实施方案的外层发泡聚酰胺与第四个实施方案中的发泡聚酰胺是相同的。
本发明的各种特征已经依据九个实施方案作了说明。大家都知道,在不违背由下述权利要求书规定的本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明可以有各种不同的变体。
Claims (26)
1.一种多层管状组件,该组件包括:
一层挤塑的氟聚合物阻渗透内层;
一层围绕所述内层共挤塑的粘合剂层,所述粘合剂层是由具有多相形态的聚合物合金构成的,其中一相与氟聚合物溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺溶混;及
一层围绕所述粘合剂层共挤塑的发泡聚酰胺外层。
2.根据权利要求1的多层管状组件,其中所述发泡聚酰胺外层是通过发泡剂与聚酰胺于挤塑所述发泡剂与聚酰胺的混合物前相混合而形成的。
3.根据权利要求2的多层管状组件,其中所述发泡剂选自偶氮二酰胺、肼衍生物、氨基脲、四唑、苯并噁嗪以及它们的混合物。
4.根据权利要求2的多层管状组件,其中所述聚酰胺选自尼龙46、尼龙6和尼龙12。
5.根据权利要求1的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物阻渗透内层是半导电的。
6.根据权利要求5的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物阻渗透半导电内层的表面电阻率范围为约102-108ohm/sq.。
7.根据权利要求5的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物阻渗透半导电内层包含1%-10%(重量)的导电炭黑。
8.一种多层管状组件,该组件包括:
一层挤塑的氟聚合物阻渗透内层;
一层围绕所述内层的共挤塑粘合剂层,所述粘合剂层是由具有多相形态的聚合物合金构成的,其中一相与氟聚合物溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺溶混;
一层围绕所述粘合剂层共挤塑的聚酰胺层;及
一层围绕所述聚酰胺层共挤塑的发泡聚酰胺外层。
9.根据权利要求8的多层管状组件,其中所述发泡聚酰胺外层是通过发泡剂与聚酰胺于挤塑所述发泡剂与聚酰胺的混合物前相混合而形成的。
10.根据权利要求9的多层管状组件,其中所述发泡剂选自偶氮二酰胺、肼衍生物、氨基脲、四唑、苯并噁嗪以及它们的混合物。
11.根据权利要求9的多层管状组件,其中所述聚酰胺选自尼龙46、尼龙6和尼龙12。
12.根据权利要求8的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物阻渗透内层是半导电的。
13.根据权利要求12的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物阻渗透半导电内层的表面电阻率范围为约102-108ohm/sq.。
14.根据权利要求12的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物阻渗透半导电内层包含1%-10%(重量)导电炭黑。
15.一种多层管状组件,该组件包括:
一层挤塑的氟聚合物半导电的最内层;
一层围绕所述最内层共挤塑的氟聚合物阻渗透内层;
一层围绕所述内层共挤塑的粘合剂层,所述粘合剂层是由具有多相形态的聚合物合金构成的,其中一相与氟聚合物溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺溶混;及
一层围绕所述粘合剂层共挤塑的发泡聚酰胺外层。
16.根据权利要求15的多层管状组件,其中所述发泡聚酰胺外层是通过发泡剂与聚酰胺于挤塑所述发泡剂与聚酰胺的混合物前相混合而形成的。
17.根据权利要求16的多层管状组件,其中所述发泡剂选自偶氮酰胺、肼衍生物、氨基脲、四唑、苯并噁嗪以及它们的混合物。
18.根据权利要求16的多层管状组件,其中所述聚酰胺选自尼龙46、尼龙6和尼龙12。
19.根据权利要求15的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物半导电最内层的表面电阻率范围为约102-108ohm/sq.。
20.根据权利要求15的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物半导电最内层包含1%-10%(重量)的导电炭黑。
21.一种多层管状组件,该组件包括:
一层挤塑的氟聚合物半导电的最内层;
一层围绕所述最内层共挤塑的氟聚合物阻渗透内层;
一层围绕所述内层共挤塑的粘合剂层,所述粘合剂层是由具有多相形态的聚合物合金构成的,其中一相与氟聚合物溶混,而另一相与聚酰胺溶混;
一层围绕着所述粘合剂层共挤塑的聚酰胺层;及
一层围绕所述聚酰胺层共挤塑的发泡聚酰胺外层。
22.根据权利要求21的多层管状组件,其中所述发泡聚酰胺外层是通过发泡剂与聚酰胺于挤塑所述发泡剂与聚酰胺的混合物前相混合而形成的。
23.根据权利要求22的多层管状组件,其中所述发泡剂选自偶氮酰胺、肼衍生物、氨基脲、四唑、苯并噁嗪以及它们的混合物。
24.根据权利要求22的多层管状组件,其中所述聚酰胺选自尼龙46、尼龙6和尼龙12。
25.根据权利要求21的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物半导电最内层的表面电阻率范围为约102-108ohm/sq.。
26.根据权利要求21的多层管状组件,其中所述氟聚合物半导电最内层包含1%-10%(重量)的导电炭黑。
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DE69331071T2 (de) * | 1992-04-14 | 2002-03-21 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Mehrschichtiger Kraftstoff-und Dampfschlauch |
US5524673A (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1996-06-11 | Itt Corporation | Multi-layer tubing having electrostatic dissipation for handling hydrocarbon fluids |
US5284184A (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1994-02-08 | Itt Corporation | Corrugated multi-layer tubing having at least one fluoroplastic layer |
WO1993025835A1 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-23 | Itt Industries, Inc. | Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube |
US5460771A (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1995-10-24 | Itt Corporation | Process for producing corrugated multi-layer tubing having layers of differing plastic characteristics |
EP0814917B1 (en) * | 1994-02-23 | 2003-03-12 | Pilot Industries, Inc. | Fluoropolymer composite tube and method of preparation |
US5653266A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1997-08-05 | Markel Corporation | Chemically bonded multi-wall conduit |
US5566720A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1996-10-22 | Itt Corporation | Elongated fuel and vapor tube having multiple layers and method of making the same |
US5931201A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1999-08-03 | Bundy Corporation | Multi-layer tubing assembly for fluid and vapor handling systems |
US5891373A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1999-04-06 | Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. | Process of making a multi-layer tube |
-
1999
- 1999-05-19 US US09/314,809 patent/US6039085A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-02 CA CA002307452A patent/CA2307452A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-04 EP EP00303735A patent/EP1053866A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-17 JP JP2000144222A patent/JP2001009939A/ja active Pending
- 2000-05-17 KR KR1020000026294A patent/KR20010020847A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-05-18 CN CN00108582A patent/CN1274821A/zh active Pending
- 2000-05-18 BR BR0002431-7A patent/BR0002431A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2307452A1 (en) | 2000-11-19 |
JP2001009939A (ja) | 2001-01-16 |
EP1053866A3 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
BR0002431A (pt) | 2001-01-02 |
US6039085A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
KR20010020847A (ko) | 2001-03-15 |
EP1053866A2 (en) | 2000-11-22 |
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C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |