CN1228652C - 偏振片,光学膜片和使用偏振片的液晶显示器 - Google Patents

偏振片,光学膜片和使用偏振片的液晶显示器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1228652C
CN1228652C CNB021061831A CN02106183A CN1228652C CN 1228652 C CN1228652 C CN 1228652C CN B021061831 A CNB021061831 A CN B021061831A CN 02106183 A CN02106183 A CN 02106183A CN 1228652 C CN1228652 C CN 1228652C
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China
Prior art keywords
polaroid
diaphragm
polarizer
film
layer
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB021061831A
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English (en)
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CN1380576A (zh
Inventor
杉野洋一郎
土本一喜
正田位守
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Nitto Denko Corp
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Nitto Denko Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/3405—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of organic materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B29C66/73116—Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7336—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73365—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7338—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being polarising
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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Abstract

一种偏振片，包括起偏振器(A)和制备在起偏振器(A)的至少一个表面上的保护膜(B)，其中不使用粘合剂而将保护膜(B)粘附在起偏振器(A)上，而使用粘合剂就会出现问题。

Description

偏振片，光学膜片和使用偏振片的液晶显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种偏振片。本发明的偏振片可以单独地或者以层压的光学膜片形式形成视觉显示器，比如液晶显示器，有机E显示器，PDP(等离子体显示盘)液晶显示器。
背景技术
对一个液晶显示，必要的是起偏振器应当安排在玻璃基体的两侧。玻璃基体根据图象形成方法形成液晶显示盘的表面层。一般地，偏振片用作为起偏振器，它含有聚乙烯醇衍化膜和二色性物质，比如碘。在偏振片上粘上了一层保护膜。
常规地，上述的偏振片是把起偏振器和保护膜用粘合剂粘合在一起而制造成的。粘合剂是化合物或各种组分组合的复合物。粘合剂也可以溶解在水或有机溶剂中作为溶液使用。此外，它们会在热，光辐射下或通过化学反应等变硬。这些粘合剂是就在把起偏振器和保护膜进行粘合时倒入这些层之间的，或者把它们预先涂敷到起偏振器或保护膜上。
然而，当使用粘合剂时，制造过程需要许多步骤，进而制造设施需要很高的成本，其中需要粘合剂的涂敷步骤，层压步骤和干燥步骤。为了提高与起偏振器的粘合性质，在保护膜上也应该进行皂化过程，电晕处理，等离子体处理，低压UV处理，底涂层处理等。因此，获得的偏振片的生产成本变得非常贵。此外，如果制造过程需要许多步骤，在每一步骤中产生缺陷的因素也会增加。
此外，由于上述粘合剂使用了许多水溶性粘合剂，比如聚乙烯醇水溶液，所以这样制造的偏振片在加热或潮湿条件下没有足够的耐久性。因此，粘合剂部分易于受湿度影响。这是偏振片在使用的早期变质的原因之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种偏振片，其中使用粘合剂导致的问题得以解决。此外，本发明的目的是提供一种光学膜片，其中上述偏振片被层压，并提供视觉显示器。
为了解决上述问题，本发明人全心全意地进行了多次实验，如下所述，我们已经发现，使用下述的偏振片使上述目的得以实现，并使本发明得以完成。
因此，本发明涉及含有起偏振器(A)和保护膜(B)的偏振片，而保护膜(B)是在起偏振器(A)的至少一个表面上制备的，其中保护膜(B)是在不使用粘合剂的情况下粘附到起偏振器(A)上的。
在本发明的偏振片中，由于起偏振器(A)和保护膜(B)是在不使用粘合剂的情况下粘附到一起的，既没有给出使用粘合剂导致的制造过程问题也没有偏振片的关于粘合剂的耐久性问题。
在上述偏振片中，起偏振器(A)和保护膜(B)之间的粘合强度优选不低于10N/25mm。具有上述粘合强度的薄膜有好的粘合性能，也具有优选的耐久性。此外，粘合强度优选不低于12N/25mm。
在上述偏振片中，优选在保护膜(B)的一个平面内光程差不大于10nm。就用于作偏振片的保护膜(B)而言，在一个平面内光程差不大于7nm是更优选的。
在上述偏振片中，优选保护膜(B)的厚度不大于50微米。尽管保护膜(B)的厚度没有特别限定，就要获得更薄的偏振片这一趋势而言，40微米是更优选的。
在上述偏振片中，优选保护膜(B)的透湿性不大于60g/m2-24小时-大气压。具有上述透湿性的保护膜(B)对于偏振片而言在潮湿情况下具有好的防水性能，偏振片在湿气影响下的降解得以很好的防止。上述透湿性不大于40g/m2-24小时-大气压是更优选的。
在上述偏振片中，优选保护膜(B)的弹性模量不低于2000N/mm2。具有上述弹性模量的这一机械强度的保护膜(B)在偏振片的制造过程中具有好的操作性能。上述的弹性模量为2500N/mm2是更优选的。
在上述偏振片中，优选保护膜(B)没有粘合起偏振器(A)的一面的表面自由能不低于40mN/m。粘合剂涂到偏振片上形成粘合层是为了让偏振片粘合到液晶显示器的玻璃片上。当具有上述表面自由能的保护膜(B)用于形成粘合层的表面上时，就形成了与粘合剂的良好粘合。上述表面自由能不低于50mN/m是更优选的。
在上述偏振片中，优选保护膜(B)的透光率不低于86％。具有上述透光率的保护膜(B)的光学性能是有高的透明度。上述透光率不低于88％是更优选的。
此外，优选偏振片的透光率不低于42％，偏振度不低于95％。具有上述透光率和偏振度的偏振片的光学性能能完全满足液晶显示器的表盘性能。偏振片的透光率不低于42.5％，偏振度不低于98％是更优选的。
此外，本发明涉及一种光学膜片，其中上述偏振片中至少一种薄片是层压的。本发明也涉及一种视觉显示器，其中使用了上述偏振片或上述光学膜片。
附图说明
图1给出了本发明的偏振片，而
图2给出了保护膜和起偏振器热压粘合的示意图。
具体实施方式
在本发明的偏振片中，如图1所示，保护膜(B)直接地在起偏振器(A)的至少一个表面上制备。在图1中，保护膜(B)在起偏振器(A)的两个表面上制备。保护膜(B)可以仅在起偏振器(A)的一个表面上制备。
起偏振器(A)可以是任何类型的起偏振器，并没有特别限制。起偏振器(A)可以是例如，二色性物质如碘和二色性染料吸附到亲水高分子量聚合物膜上之后单轴拉伸的膜。亲水高分子量聚合物膜是如聚乙烯醇型的膜，部分缩甲醛化的聚乙烯醇型膜，以及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物型部分皂化的膜，聚烯型排列膜如脱水聚乙烯醇和脱盐酸聚氯乙烯等。此处，适合使用拉伸后在薄膜上吸附和排列了二色性物质(碘，染料)的聚乙烯醇型薄膜。尽管起偏振器的厚度没有特别限定，但是常用的厚度大约是5至80微米。
聚乙烯醇型薄膜用碘染色之后单轴拉伸的偏振器，是通过将聚乙烯醇薄膜浸入碘水溶液并染色之后，将该薄膜拉伸到其原长度的3至7倍得到的。如果需要，膜也可以浸入如硼酸和碘化钾的水溶液中，水溶液可以包含硫酸锌，氯化锌。此外，在染色前，如果需要，聚乙烯醇膜可以浸入水中并漂洗。通过用水漂洗聚乙烯醇型膜，使聚乙烯醇膜溶胀，并且可以冲掉聚乙烯醇型膜表面上的污物和粘合抑制剂，有望达到预防不均匀性例如染色不均匀性的效果。拉伸可以在用碘染色之后或同时进行，或相反地，用碘染色可以在拉伸之后进行。拉伸可以在水溶液如硼酸和碘化钾中和水浴中进行。
在上述起偏振器(A)的一面或两面制备的保护膜(B)的形成材料，如果具有显著的透明性，机械强度，热稳定性，阻湿性能，各向同性等是优选的。作为上述保护膜的材料，例如可以提及的有聚酯型聚和物，如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚萘酸亚乙基酯；纤维素型聚合物，如二乙酰纤维素和三乙酰纤维素；丙烯酸型聚合物，如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯；苯乙烯型聚合物，如聚苯乙烯和丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物(AS树脂)；聚碳酸酯型聚合物。此外，作为形成保护膜的聚合物的例子，可以提及的有聚烯烃型聚和物，如聚乙烯，聚丙烯，具有环型或降冰片烯结构的聚烯烃，乙烯-丙烯共聚物；氯乙烯型聚和物；酰胺型聚和物，如尼龙和芳香聚酰胺；酰亚胺型聚和物；砜型聚和物；聚醚砜型聚和物；聚醚-醚酮型聚和物；聚苯硫型聚和物；乙烯基醇型聚和物，亚乙烯基二氯型聚和物；乙烯丁醛型聚和物；烯丙酯型聚和物；聚氧化亚甲基型聚和物；环氧型聚和物，或者上述聚合物的共混物。
为了把保护膜(B)粘附在起偏振器(A)上而不使用粘合剂，由具有不同软化点的两层或多层材料形成的膜作为保护膜(B)，所述材料是从上述材料中合适地选出来的。如图2所示，在保护膜(B)的具有低软化点层的一侧，将薄膜层层压到起偏振器(A)的至少一个表面上形成薄片，然后热压接合。保护膜(B)和起偏振器(A)可以粘附上而不使用粘合剂。在图2中，保护膜(B)只在起偏振器(A)的一个表面上制造。
尽管形成上述两层或多层膜的每种材料可以是同种材料也可以是不同种材料，但是优选是同种材料。但是，由热压粘合熔合在一起的热塑性树脂用作在与起偏振器(A)粘合的那一面上形成低软化点层的树脂。在与起偏振器(A)粘合的那一面上形成低软化点层的树脂的软化点优选不低于80℃，更优选不低于90℃。形成两层或多层膜的树脂之间软化点的差别优选不低于5℃，更优选不低于10℃。此外，软化点的值是用JIS K7206的维卡软化-温度测订法测定的。
一般的说，保护膜(B)的厚度不大于500微米，优选1至300微米，更优选5至200微米。特别是如上所述，优选保护膜(B)的厚度不大于50微米。此外，当使用两层或多层的保护膜(B)时，粘合到起偏振器(A)的那一面上的低软化层的厚度约为1至100微米是合适的。
在上述保护膜(B)中，在没有粘附起偏振器(A)的表面上可以提供硬涂层，防反射加工，以及目的在于防粘合，散射，或抗刺眼功能的加工。此外，上述防反射层，防粘合层，散射层，抗刺眼层等可以制备在保护膜(B)中，此外这些层也可以单独地作为独立于保护膜(B)的光学层来制备。
本发明的偏振片是用这种方法制备的，例如，上述具有两层或多层的保护膜(B)的较低软化点层层压到上述起偏振器(A)的至少一个表面上，并在高软化点层不熔化而低软化点层熔化的温度下，即，在一个介于形成两层或多层的每一树脂的软化点之间的温度下，进行热压粘合。
起偏振器(A)和保护膜(B)的热压粘合的方法并没有特别限定，一个可以采用的方法是热处理与加压可以同时或者先后完成。作为加热方法，例如，可以提及的有使用红外加热器，热空气，高频，超声波等非接触加热方法，和使用热板或者热辊等通过热传递的接触加热方法。作为加压方法，可以提及的有用加紧辊加压的方法。加压也可以在真空中完成。当加压与热处理同时进行时，可以采用一种方法是让膜片在加热了的加紧辊之间通过而加热加压。热压粘附之后，把膜片冷却，从而保护膜(B)的熔化的膜层(较低的软化点层)得以硬化而在起偏振器(A)和保护膜(B)之间产生粘附。
本发明的偏振片在实际应用时可以用作为与其它光学层层压的光学膜片。尽管对光学层没有特殊限制，但是可以使用一层或两层或更多的光学层，以形成液晶显示器等，比如反射盘，逆反射盘(transflectiveplate)，延迟片(包括半波片和1/4波片)，以及观测角补偿膜。特别优选的偏振片是：反射型偏振片或逆反射型(transflective type)偏振片，其中反射型偏振片或逆反射型偏振片被进一步层压在本发明的偏振片上；椭圆偏振片或圆偏振片，其中一个延迟片被进一步层压在偏振片上；宽观测角偏振片，其中观测补偿膜被进一步层压在偏振片上；或者亮度增强膜被进一步层压在偏振片上的偏振片。
在偏振片上制备一个反射层以得到反射型偏振片，这种类型的片子用作为液晶显示器，其中来自观测一侧(显示一侧)的入射光被反射以显示。这种类型的片子不需要内置光源，比如一个后置灯，但是有一个优点，那就是液晶显示器可以很容易地制成很薄。反射型偏振片可以使用合适方法制成，比如这种方法：金属等的反射性薄层，如果需要，通过透明保护层等粘附到偏振片的一个面上。
作为反射型偏振片的一个例子，在一个可以提及的片子上，如果需要，在其上形成一个反射性层。这可以采用这种方法，把反射性金属，比如铝的薄片和蒸气沉积膜粘附到冰铜处理的保护膜的一面上。此外，可以提及的一个在表面上有精细凹凸结构的不同形态的片子可以通过把细颗粒混合在上述保护膜内得到，在其上制备凹凸结构的反射层。有上述精细凹凸结构的反射层通过漫反射散射入射光以防止直接性和刺眼现象，并有一个优点是控制亮和暗等的不均匀性。此外，含有细颗粒的保护膜有一个优点是可以更有效地控制亮和暗的不均匀性，结果入射光和通过片子透射的反射光得以散射。通过保护膜的表面精细凹凸结构而达到具有精细凹凸结构的反射层可以通过这一方法来形成：把金属直接附加在透明保护层的表面上，使用例如真空蒸发法的合适方法。真空蒸发法比如真空沉积法，离子电镀法，喷镀法，和电镀法等。
不用这种方法：反射片直接地给到上述偏振片的保护膜上，而使用这种方法：反射片用作为通过在合适的透明膜上制备反射层而形成的反射片。此外，由于反射层通常由金属制成，人们就希望反射面当使用时用保护膜或偏振片等包起来，其出发点是，防止由于氧化导致的反射度的降低，长时间保持其初始反射度，避免单独地制备保护层等。
此外，逆反射型偏振片可以通过制备上述反射层作为逆反射型反射层来获得，比如反射和透射光的半透明反射镜。逆反射型偏振片通常在液晶槽的背面制备，而且它可以形成这样一种类型的液晶显示单元，其中图像被从观测一面(显示一面)反射来的入射光显示出来。这是指用在光照比较好的环境中。而且这一单元在比较暗的环境下使用嵌入式光源，比如在逆反射型偏振片的背面安装的背光来显示图像。也就是说，在一个照明良好的环境下，逆反射型偏振片可以用于获得能节省光源如背光能量的这种类型的液晶显示器。如果需要，在一个比较黑暗的环境中等，逆反射型偏振片可以使用内置型光源。
上述偏振片可用作为椭圆偏振片或圆偏振片，其上层压了延迟片。下一段描述了上述的椭圆偏振片或圆偏振片。这些偏振片把线性偏振光变为椭圆偏振光或圆偏振光，把椭圆偏振光或圆偏振光变成线性偏振光或者借助于延迟片改变线性偏振的偏振方向。当延迟片把圆偏振光变成线性偏振光或者把线性偏振光变成圆偏振光时，使用了1/4波片(也叫做λ/4片)。通常地，当改变线性偏振光的偏振方向时，使用半波片(也叫做λ/2片)。
椭圆偏振片有效地用于给出单色显示而不是上述的变色。这可以补偿(防止)由超扭曲向列(STN)型液晶显示器的液晶层的双折射产生的变色(蓝或黄色)。而且，当液晶显示器的屏幕从一个斜向观测时，三维折射率控制的偏振片可以补偿(防止)产生的变色。圆偏振片在下述情况下可以有效地使用，例如，当调节能提供彩色图像的反射型液晶显示的图像的色调时，圆偏振片也有抗反射的功能。例如，可以使用延迟片来补偿由各种波片或液晶层等的双折射引起的变色和观测角。此外，光学特征，比如延迟，可以用具有两种或多种按各自目的有合适光程差值的延迟片的层压层而控制。作为延迟片，由拉伸膜形成的双折射膜包括合适的聚合物，可以提及的有如聚碳酸酯，降冰片烯型树脂，聚乙烯醇，聚苯乙烯，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，聚丙烯；聚烯丙酯和聚酰胺；含有液晶材料如液晶聚合物的取向膜；以及承载了液晶材料排列层的膜。。延迟片可以根据使用目的，比如各种波片和目的在于补偿由液晶层和观测角度的双折射引起的变色，具有合适的相差，并且可以是其中有两种或多种延迟片被层压从而可控制光学性质如滞后的延迟片。
上述椭圆偏振片和上述反射型椭圆偏振片是层压的薄片，是将合适的偏振片或者反射型偏振片与延迟片相结合得到的薄片。这种类型的椭圆偏振片等可以通过把偏振片(反射型)和延迟片结合起来，再在液晶显示器的制造过程中分别依次层压制造的。另一方面，预先进行层压并将这样得到的偏振片作为光学膜片，比如椭圆偏振片，具有良好稳定的质量，和良好的层压制品的可加工性，并具有改善液晶显示器制造效率的优点。
观测角补偿膜是一种能延伸观测角使图像比较清晰的薄膜，即使当从一个斜的方向来观察而不是从屏幕的垂直方向也是如此。作为这样一个观测角补偿延迟片，此外，可以使用的膜具有由单轴拉伸或者双向垂直拉伸导致的双折射性质，并将该双向拉伸的膜作为倾斜取向的膜。作为倾斜取向的膜，例如，可以提及的膜是通过下列方法得到的：把热收缩膜粘附到聚合物膜上，然后加热和拉伸或在收缩力作用下进行收缩，或者是在倾斜方向取向的膜。观测角补偿膜是为了防止由可观测角的变化引起的变色，依据液晶槽的延迟等，以及具有良好可视性的观测角的扩张而合适地结合起来的。
此外，为了获得有好的可见度的宽观测角，可以优选使用一种补偿片，在补偿片中由液晶聚合物的排列层，特别是由discotic液晶聚合物的倾斜的排列层组成的光学各向异性层承载在三乙酰纤维素膜上。
通常使用的偏振片是把偏振片和亮度增强膜粘附在一起的，是在液晶槽的背面制备出来的。亮度增强膜显示一种特征：即反射具有预定偏振轴的线性偏振光，或者反射具有预定方向的圆偏振光，并当自然光从液晶显示器的背景光或从背后反射时进来后，透射其他光。通过把亮度增强膜层压在偏振片上而制得的偏振片，在没有预定的偏振状态下并不透射光而反射光，然而通过从光源，比如一个背景灯接受光的方式获得具有预定的偏振状态的透射光。这种偏振片使得被亮度增强膜反射的光再通过在背部制备的反射层反射回来，强迫光再次进入亮度增强膜，并通过透射部分或全部具有预定偏振状态的光的方式，增加通过亮度增强膜的透射光的数量。偏振片同时提供了难以被起偏振器吸收的偏振光，并增加了可用于液晶图像显示器等的光的数量，结果发光度得以改进。也就是说，当后光等从液晶槽的背后进入起偏振器而不使用亮度增强膜的这种情况下，偏振方向不同于起偏振器的偏振轴的大部分光被起偏振器吸收而不通过起偏振器透射。这意味着，尽管受所使用的起偏振器的特征的影响，大约50％的光被起偏振器吸收，可用于液晶图像显示器等的光的数量被极大降低，得到的显示的图像变暗了。亮度增强膜不进入被起偏振器吸附到起偏振器的偏振方向的光中，但是光被亮度增强膜反射一次，更进一步使得通过在背面制备的反射层反转回来的光再次进入亮度增强膜。通过上述反复操作，只有当光的偏振方向被反射并转回并使两者有可通过起偏振器的偏振方向，亮度增强膜透射光并提供给起偏振器。结果，来自背后光源的光可以有效地用于显示液晶器显示的图像以获得一个亮的屏幕。
使用适当的膜作为上述亮度增强膜。即，介电物质的多层薄膜；能透射具有预定偏振轴的线性偏振光并能反射其他光的层压膜，比如具有不同折射指数各向异性的薄膜的层压膜(D-BEF以及其他由3M公司制造的制品)；胆甾醇型液晶聚合物的排列膜；能够反射左旋或右旋圆偏振光的并能透射其他光的膜，比如承载排列的胆甾醇液晶层的膜(由NITTO DENKO公司生产的PCF350，由Merck公司生产的Transmax等)。
因此，在这样一种能够透射具有上述预定偏振轴的线性偏振光的亮度增强膜中，通过排列透射光的偏振轴并使光不变样地进入偏振片，可以控制偏振片的吸收损失并可以有效地透射偏振光。另一方面，在能够传递圆偏振光作为胆甾醇液晶层这种类型的亮度增强膜中，光可以不变样地进入到起偏振器中，但是希望的是把圆偏振光通过延迟片变成线性偏振光，并考虑到吸收损失下使光进入起偏振器。此外，可以使用1/4波片作为延迟片来将圆偏振光转化成线性偏振光。
在一个宽的波长范围，比如可见光区，用作为1/4波片的延迟片是用这种方法获得的：对于波长为550nm的浅色光用作为1/4波片的延迟层，与具有其他延迟特性的延迟层如用作为半波片的延迟层层压。因此，位于偏振片和亮度增强膜之间的延迟片可以由一个或多个延迟层组成。
此外，也是在胆甾醇液晶层中，可以采用把具有不同反射波长的两层或多层层压在一起的结构，来获得在一个宽波长范围如可见光区域内能反射圆偏振光的层。因此使用这种类型的胆甾醇液晶层可以获得在宽波长范围内透射的圆偏振光。
此外，偏振片可以由偏振片的层压层的多层膜和两个或多个上述分离型偏振片的光学层组成。因此，偏振片可以是反射型椭圆偏振片或者半透射型椭圆偏振片等，其中上述反射型偏振片或逆反射型偏振片与上述延迟片分别地组合起来。
尽管具有上述层压到偏振片上的光学层的光学膜片可以用在液晶显示器等的制造过程中依次分别进行层压的方法而形成，但是预先层压形式的光学膜片有一个显著的优点，即它在质量和组装可操作性等方面有良好的稳定性，从而液晶显示器的制造过程的能力可以提高。可以使用合适的粘合方式如粘合剂层进行层压。在上述偏振片和其他光学膜片粘合的情况下，光轴可以根据目标延迟特征被设定为合适的构造角度。
在上述偏振片以及至少有一层偏振片被层压的光学膜片中，也可以制备用于粘合其它构件如液晶槽等的粘合层。对形成粘合层的压敏粘合剂没有特别限定，比如可以适当选择下列物质作为基体共聚物：丙烯酸型聚合物；硅氧烷型聚合物；聚酯，聚氨酯，聚酰胺，聚醚；氟型和橡胶型聚合物。特别是，可以优选使用如丙烯酸型的压敏粘合剂，他们有良好的光学透明性，有在适当湿度下的粘合特性，内聚性和粘合性，并有显著的耐侯性，耐热性等。
此外，具有低吸湿性和良好耐热性的粘合层是需要的。这是由于需要这些特征来防止起泡和由于吸湿导致的剥离现象，预防光学特性的降低和由热膨胀不同等引起的液晶槽曲率的降低，和制造良好的有高质量耐久性的液晶显示器。
粘合层可含有添加剂，例如，如天然或合成树脂，粘合树脂，玻璃纤维，玻璃珠，金属粉末，含有其它无机粉末等的填料，颜料，色料和抗氧化剂。此外，粘合层可以含有细颗粒并显示光散射性质。
采用合适的方法可以把粘合层粘附到光学膜片的一面或两面上。作为一个例子，可以制备大约10％-40％重量的压敏粘合剂溶液，其中基体聚合物或者其组合物被溶解或分散在例如甲苯或乙酸乙酯或这两种溶剂的混合溶剂中。使用合适的形成方法，比如流动法和涂层法，可以把溶液直接涂到偏振片上面或光学膜片上面，或者如上所述，粘合剂层在分离器上形成，然后再转移到偏振片或光学膜片上。
粘合层也可以在偏振片或光学膜片的一面或两面上制备，其中具有不同组成或不同种类的压力敏感粘合物可以叠加在一起。此外，当在两面制备粘合剂层时，具有不同组成、不同种类或厚度等的粘合层可以用在偏振片或光学膜片的前面或后面。依靠使用的目的或粘合强度等可以适当地决定粘合剂层的厚度，一般地说是1至500微米，优选5至200微米，更优选10至100微米。
为了防止污染在粘合剂层的暴露的一面粘附上一个临时隔离器，直到实际使用时为止。从而，这可以在正常操作时防止外来物质接触粘合剂层。作为一个隔离器，不考虑上述厚度条件，例如，可以使用合适的常规片状材料，如果需要，可以用隔离剂，如硅氧烷型、长链烷基型、氟型隔离剂以及硫化钼进行涂敷。可以使用的合适的片状材料包括塑料膜，橡胶片，纸，布，无纺布，网状物，泡沫片以及金属箔或其层压片。
此外，在本发明中，通过加入紫外线吸收剂，比如水杨酸酯型化合物，苯酚型化合物，苯并三唑型化合物，氰基丙烯酸酯型化合物，以及镍复合盐型化合物，可给出上述各层，例如用于偏振片、透明保护膜和光学膜片等的起偏振器和粘合剂层的紫外线吸收性能。
本发明的光学膜片可以优选用于制造各种设备，比如液晶显示器等。可以用常规方法组装液晶显示器。也就是，液晶显示器通常是通过合适的组合几种部件，比如液晶槽，光学膜片，以及如果必要，照明系统，并且加入驱动线路制造出来的。在本发明中，除了使用本发明的光学膜片外，对使用常规方法没有任何限制。也可以使用任何任意类型的液晶槽，比如TN型，STN型，π型。
可以制造合适的液晶显示器，比如上述光学膜片安置在液晶显示槽的一面或两面，并带有作为照明系统的背景光或反射片的液晶显示器。在这种情况下，本发明的光学膜片可以安装在液晶槽的一面或两面上。当把光学膜片安装在两面上时，它们可以是同种类型也可以是不同种类型。此外，在组装液晶显示器时，合适的部件如散射片，防闪光层，抗反射膜，保护片，棱镜组，透镜组片，光散射片以及背景灯可以安装在一层或两层或多层的合适位置。
下面，将解释有机电致发光设备(有机EL显示)。一般地说，在有机EL显示器中，透明电极，有机发光层和金属电极按此顺序被层压到透明基体上，构成一个发光物(有机电致发光物)。这里，有机发光层是各种有机薄膜的层压材料，并且具有各种组合的很多组合体是已知的，例如，含有三苯胺衍生物等的孔注射层的层压材料；含有荧光有机固体如蒽的发光层；含有如发光层和苝衍生物等的电子注射层的层压材料；以及这些孔注射层，发光层和电子注射层等的层压材料。
有机EL显示发射光的原理是这样的：空穴和电子通过在透明电极和金属电极之间施加电压而注射到有机发光层中，这些空穴和电子的重新组合产生的能量激发出荧光物质，随后当被激发的荧光物质返回基态时就发出了光。一种发生在中间过程叫做重组的机理与在常用二极管中的机理是相同的，并且正如所期望的那样，对施加的电压有整流性质，电流和发光强度有强的非线性关系。
在有机EL显示器中，为了从有机发光层中取得发光，至少一个电极必须透明。通常是由透明电导体比如铟锡氧化物(ITO)形成的透明电极用作阳极。另一方面，为了使电子注射容易些并增加发光效率，重要的是用小功函数的物质作阴极，通常使用如Mg-Ag和Al-Li的金属电极。
在这种结构的有机EL显示器中，用各种约10nm厚的薄膜形成有机发光层。因此，正如通过透明电极一样，通过有机发光层光几乎完全被透射。从而，当光不发射时，电子光从一个透明基体的表面作为入射光进入并透射通过透明电极和有机发光层，然后被金属电极反射，再在透明基体的前表面一端出现，有机EL显示器的显示一端从外面看像是镜子。
在含有有机电致发光物的有机EL显示中，有机电致发光物在有机发光层的表面端装备有透明电极，其中有机发光层在电压作用下会发光，有机电致发光物同时也在有机发光物的后面装备有金属电极，当在透明电极的表面一侧制备偏振片时，延迟片可以安装在这些透明电极和偏振片之间。
由于延迟片和偏振片有这种功能：使从外部入射的并被金属电极反射的光偏振，它们通过偏振作用具有使金属电极的镜表面从外部看不到的效果。如果用1/4波片构成延迟片，并将偏振片和延迟片间的两个偏振方向之间的角度调节为π/4，金属电极的镜面就完全被隐蔽起来。
这意味着在偏振片的作用下，只有作为入射光进入这一有机EL显示器的外部光的线性偏振光组分被透射了。这种线性偏振光一般地通过延迟片给出的是椭圆偏振光，特别是延迟片是1/4波片时，此外当偏振片和延迟片的两个偏振方向之间的角度调节到π/4时，它给出圆偏振光。
这种圆偏振光透射通过透明基体，透明电极和有机薄膜，并被金属电极反射，然后再次透射通过有机薄膜，透明电极和透明基体，再用延迟片转化成线性偏振光。由于这种线性偏振光与偏振片的偏振方向成直角，它不能透射通过偏振片。结果，金属电极的镜面可以被完全隐蔽起来。
具体实施方式
表明本发明的组成和效果的例子在下面具体地给予了描述。测量值用下述方法获得。
(粘合强度)
偏振片用张力测定仪在90℃剥离角下拉伸，剥离速度是300毫米/分钟，测量抗张强度(N/25mm)。
(在一个平面内的光程差)
测量是用Oji Scientific Instrument KOBRA21ADH制造的自动双折射测量设备完成的。
(透湿性)
测量是根据JIS ZO208的透湿性检验(杯子法)完成的。在90％相对湿度差条件下，在24小时内，通过1m2的厚度为0.1毫米的样品的水蒸汽的重量(g)。
(弹性模量)
弹性模量(N/mm2)是根据JIS K7127的张力测定检验法测量的。
(表面自由能)
测量是使用扩展的Forks方程式，用接触角测量法来完成的(使用水，二碘甲烷，和α-溴萘作为介质)。
(透光率)
一片偏振片或保护膜的透射率是用分光光度计(由Murakami色彩研究实验室制造，CMS-500)测量的。此外，偏振片或保护膜的透射率是JIS Z8701方法的Y值，其中可见度补偿被可见场(光源C)补偿两次。
(偏振度)
透射率(H0)是指两片同样的偏振片堆叠起来，并且使偏振轴平行时的透射率，透射率(H90)是指两片同样的偏振片堆叠起来，并且使偏振轴正交时的透射率。用上述的分光光度计测量H0和H90之后由下面的公式得到偏振度。
此外，在平行情况下的透射率(H0)和在正交情况下的透射率(H90)是Y值，其中可见度补偿被可见场(光源C)补偿两次。
实施例1
(起偏振器)
在聚合度为2400，厚度为80微米的聚乙烯醇薄膜在30℃的温水中膨胀后，将其在拉伸状态下在30℃的碘/碘化钾水溶液中染色3次。然后，在40至60℃温水中拉伸之后，薄膜在硼酸水溶液中交联时被再次拉伸。在这种情况下，使总拉伸比为6倍。最后，色调的调节在30到40℃碘化钾水溶液中进行，干燥偏振片，使湿气回收率为5％至12％。
(保护膜)
使用的保护膜(总厚度40微米)是两层结构，包括软化点为130℃的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜(32微米)，和软化点为145℃的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜(8微米)。
保护膜的一个平面内的光程差为3.0nm。
透湿性为29.8g/m2-24小时—大气压。
弹性模量是4218.3N/mm2。
没有粘附到起偏振器的一侧的表面自由能为56mN/m。
透光率为92.4％。
(偏振片的制备)
上述保护膜以低软化点的一侧的膜表面层压在起偏振器的两面，然后使用辊筒层牙机，在135℃热压粘合所述组合薄膜形成偏振片。在获得的偏振片中，起偏振器和保护膜之间的粘合良好，外观也令人满意。在偏振片中，起偏振器和保护膜的粘合强度是14N/25mm。透射率为43.6％，而极化度为99.9％。

Claims (9)

1.一种偏振片，其特征在于，在起偏振器(A)的至少一个表面上设置具有两层以上的软化点不同的薄膜层且平面内光程差不大于7nm的保护薄膜(B)，其中不使用粘合剂而是加热压接其低软化点侧的薄膜层而进行层叠，从而把保护膜(B)粘附在起偏振器(A)上。
2.权利要求1的偏振片，其中保护膜(B)的厚度不大于50微米。
3.权利要求1的偏振片，其中保护膜(B)的透湿性不大于40g/m2-24小时-大气压。
4.权利要求1的偏振片，其中保护膜(B)的弹性模量为2000～4218.3N/mm2。
5.权利要求1的偏振片，其中保护膜(B)没有粘附起偏振器(A)的那一侧的表面自由能为40～56mN/m。
6.权利要求1的偏振片，其中保护膜(B)的透光率不低于86％。
7.权利要求1的偏振片，其中透光率不低于42％，偏振度不低于95％。
8.一种光学膜片，其中层压了至少一片权利要求1-7的任一权利要求的偏振片。
9.一种光学显示器，其中使用了权利要求1-7的任一权利要求的偏振片或权利要求8的光学膜片。
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