CN1199483A - 物品库存跟踪和控制系统 - Google Patents

物品库存跟踪和控制系统 Download PDF

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CN1199483A
CN1199483A CN96197615.2A CN96197615A CN1199483A CN 1199483 A CN1199483 A CN 1199483A CN 96197615 A CN96197615 A CN 96197615A CN 1199483 A CN1199483 A CN 1199483A
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A·M·贝尔卡
T·J·布瑞斯
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
    • G08B13/2482—EAS methods, e.g. description of flow chart of the detection procedure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G06Q10/087—Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/20—Point-of-sale [POS] network systems
    • G06Q20/203—Inventory monitoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/06—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by returnable containers, i.e. reverse vending systems in which a user is rewarded for returning a container that serves as a token of value, e.g. bottles
    • G07F7/069—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by returnable containers, i.e. reverse vending systems in which a user is rewarded for returning a container that serves as a token of value, e.g. bottles by box-like containers, e.g. videocassettes, books
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2414—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags
    • G08B13/2417—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags having a radio frequency identification chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2434—Tag housing and attachment details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
    • G08B13/2445—Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2451—Specific applications combined with EAS
    • G08B13/2462—Asset location systems combined with EAS

Abstract

一种物品库存跟踪和控制系统,用来对物品进出防护设施进行跟踪和控制,此系统可用于图书馆。出相店和零售商店等设施。每件物品都标有EAS标记,以防未经授权带出。在系统中,每位设施的用户和设施中的每件物品都是可唯一地识别的。在接收到用户和物品信息后,系统向中央数据库询问,以确保用户是合法用户,以及对所需的交易授权。特殊设计容纳箱来容纳特定类型的物品,诸如录音带或录象带。在容纳箱中的检测器确保物品正确放置在容纳箱内。物品在容纳箱内的正确放置确保标识物被正确重激励/去激励,还确保每次只能对一件物品进行交易。

Description

物品库存跟踪和控制系统
发明领域
本发明涉及物品库存跟踪和控制系统。
背景技术
物品库存控制系统被用于授权确认、跟踪和控制进出设施的物品。图书馆流转控制系统就是一个例子。在这种情况下，每位读者的身份都用一张身份卡确认，该卡包含可以用磁学或光学方法检测的数据(例如条形码)。要被跟踪的物品(例如在图书馆内的藏书)也有类似的识别标签，从而可以唯一识别。计算机数据库包含了所有登记在册的图书馆读者的身份确认数据和馆藏中所有书籍、影像带、音带以及其它藏品的识别数据。当某位读者希望将馆藏品借出图书馆时，图书馆流转系统首先确认他是否为图书馆的授权读者。系统确定此人得到的授权是可以登记借出任何馆藏品还是某一类特定的馆藏品。随后系统确定该特定的馆藏品是否可以借出图书馆。有些馆藏品，包括某些参考书、孤本或珍本或保留的藏品是不允许借出的。如果读者身份和馆藏品都得到了系统的授权，则读者就可以将该馆藏品借出。系统随后更新计算机数据库以标识某一读者已经在出口处借出某一馆藏品。系统还将通过可视和可闻方式告知读者该馆藏品已经借出，或者在读者或馆藏品没有得到授权时给出出错信息。
为了防止物品未经授权被带出设施，可以采用电子物品监视系统(EAS)。EAS系统通常包括附着在待保护物品上的EAS标识物、在通常位于设施出口附近的探测区域内询问和探测标识物的机构以及防止物品未经授权被带出设施的机构(例如带锁的出口门或者声音报警器)。当在询问区域内检测到激励的的标识物时，门被锁住或者警报声响起，从而减少了未经授权带出设施的物品数量。
为了使物品能在授权后带出设施，开发出了双态标识物。可以使双态标识物去激励从而允许图书从图书馆借出或者录像带从音像租借店借出，当返还物品时重激励标识物。但是去激励标识物所需的较大的磁场足以使录音带或录像带上预先录制的磁信号变劣，以至人们可用耳朵或眼睛感觉出来。这种影响(包括复印效应和局部擦除)都是要尽量避免的。
发明内容
一种物品库存跟踪和控制系统，用来对从多个物品中选定的一个物品进出固定设施进行控制，该物品具有确定的结构的物品，所述系统包括：容纳箱，适于在容纳箱内沿预确定取向容纳物品；授权装置，其中设施的每件物品和每位用户都可以用相关的物品信息和用户信息识别，授权装置用于处理和记录有关授权或禁止用户带走物品的信息，每件物品上提供有标识物，在带走物品时可以使其降低敏感，而在返回入设施时使其敏感；改变标识物状态的装置，用来在物品库存控制系统授权允许将物品带离设施时使标识物降低敏感。
附图的简要说明
通过以下结合附图对本发明的描述可以进一步理解本发明的各种目标、特征和优点。
图1为本发明的框图；
图2示出了典型的录像带及在其上放置的EAS标识物和条形码；
图3示出了用于本发明录像带实施例的容纳箱；
图4示出了较佳的去激励/重激励器；以及
图5为本发明装置的控制流程图。
实施发明的较佳实例
在下面的详述中，参照了构成说明书部分的附图，在附图中示意地给出了实践本发明的特征实施例。应该明白，可以其其它实施例以及所作的结构改变不背离本发明的精神和实质。
本申请目的在于物品库存跟踪和控制系统，该系统对物品进出防护设施进行跟踪和控制。本发明可以应用的设施包括图书馆、音像制品出租店和其它设施，在那里物品不断地被借出和返还。本发明可以应用的其它设施包括零售商店，在那里商店需要对商品流出设施进行跟踪和控制。
系统有几种设置方式。在一个实施例中，把系统设置成由零售商店、图书馆或其它设施的职员使用。在另一个实施例中，把系统设置成由图书馆的读者、出租店或零售商店的顾客自助借出或者购买。在物品被重复借出和收回的设施内，可以用这种方式设置系统，包括由工作人员负责借出和收回，由顾客自行借出而由工作人员收向，或者由顾客自行借出和收回。对上述使用方法和设置方式所作的任何改变都属于本发明范围之内。
图1示出本发明装置100的框图。装置100包括处理器110、视频监视器112、读卡机116、条形码扫描器118、检测器122a和122b以及重激励/去激励器(re/deactivator)120。装置100的处理器110与中央数据库130连接。中央数据库130包括例如用户身份识别和信息数据、物品识别和信息数据。在用于图书馆时，把图书馆的所有读者都记录在中央数据库内，并且把图书馆的所有藏品也记录在中央数据库内。
利用这种系统可以完成各种交易，包括借出、收回和预订(用于图书馆或出租店时)或者购买(用于零售商店时)。比较好的做法是，系统通过交易处理经监视器112提示用户。而且在一个较佳实施例中，由打印机113打印收条或交易记录并向用户提供交易记录。
为了提供所需交易的鉴定和授权，例如可以用用户识别卡来识别设施每位用户的身份，该卡上有磁条或条形码。用户识别卡比较好的是至少包括一条诸如用户号之类的识别信息。用户id代码扫描器116从用户识别卡上读取用户id代码并将信息发送给处理器110。处理器110随后与中央数据库130通信以获取诸如姓名、地址、电话号码之类的用户信息以及其它相关信息，例如授权用户可借出物品的类型、是否欠交罚金等。
同样，图书馆的每件馆藏品都通过物品识别代码来识别。例如可以采用条形码作为物品识别代码，条形码被永久附着在物品上、嵌入或者刻制在物品上或者附着在粘附于物品的标签上。物品id代码扫描器118读取物品识别代码并向处理器110发送信息。处理器随后与中央数据库130通信以获取物品信息，例如名称、状态以及是否可以借出等。
处理器利用从中央数据库接收到的信息来鉴别用户身份和物品，并确定是否对所需交易授权。如果由处理器110作出的任何评估指出非授权用户或者非授权物品，则向视频监视器发送出错信息并且取消交易。
当交易得到授权时，处理器110更新中央数据库以指出已经完成所需的交易。随后经过视频监视器通知用户可以从装置100带走物品。检测器122a和122b检测物品是否被带走并向重激励/去激励器供电以改变标识物的状态。换句话说，重激励/去激励器去激励标识物(在授权借出时)或者激励标识物(在收回时)。重激励/去激励器在合适的时刻开启从而确保EAS标识物彻底地去激励并且确保对物品内预先录制信号的磁介质无不利影响。检测器122a和122b还检测物品何时完全移出装置。当物品完全移出装置时，重激励/去激励器120关闭。这确保了每次只处理一件物品。
重激励/去激励器120利用重激励/去激励磁场来去激励EAS标识物，其磁场是特殊设计的确保使录像带信号变劣的程度都在可察觉到的程度之下。
图2示出了典型录像带160的透视图。在实际应用中，比较好的是将标识物102设置在录像带160侧面边缘163的凹入部分162内。在较佳实施例中，标识物102为双态标识物，例如美国专利No.3,765,007中所描述的那样。物品识别码(例如条形码)比较好的是位于录像带的顶面164上。
系统的较佳实施例包括容纳箱140，它的大小适于容纳具有预定结构的物品，例如录像带、磁带、磁盘等。图3示出了用于录像带的这类容纳箱，箱内放置有录像带160。图3还示出了去激励器120、检测器122a和122b以及物品id代码扫描器相对于容纳箱140内的较佳相对位置。在使用过程中，录像带160沿着箭头132所指方向插入容纳箱140内。使录像带160带标识物的侧面边缘163面朝去激励器120，物品信息代码165面朝物品id代码阅读器118。为了帮助用户正确插入录像带，可以在容纳箱的底部设置引导插脚170从而与录像带160底部的凹槽166匹配。检测器122a和122b确定录像带何时正确插入容纳箱140内。正确放置才能保证物品信息代码165被物品id代码阅读器118读取并且正确地重激励/去激励标识物102。为磁带、磁盘、其它磁介质或其它具有已知结构的物品而设计的类似容纳箱都属于本发明的范围，可以替代图3所示的录像带容纳箱。
图4示出了较佳的重激励/去激励器120。重激励/去激励器120一般包括由至少一个线圈131包围的高磁导率磁心130，在线圈131中的电流相关的磁场使磁心磁化。一般把磁心130设计得在线圈131内部和周围提供几乎连续的路径，除了较窄的缝隙132以外。实例系统中的磁心130由两片磁心片133和134构成，每片有一端与另一片在表面135处接触。磁心比较好的是，除了在靠近缝隙132的锥形极靴36和137之外处截面为矩形。锥形极靴136和137减小了磁极头部138和139的截面面积，使得磁通量集中在缝隙132内，并且如此构造使得极头部138和139的边缘延伸至更加靠近物品上双态标识物的区域。为了实现去激励功能，电流(DC)流过线圈131，从而沿近似垂直于表面135的方向对磁心130施加磁场。感应的磁通量构成了围绕磁心的连续路径，它经过锥形磁极头部并跨越缝隙132。在缝隙132附近产生的磁场在缝隙内部最大，但是在靠近缝隙132附近的磁极头部138和139之间延伸有相当强的边缘磁场。当附着在物品上的双态标识物102移离装置100时，标识物102被平移至磁极头部138和139凸起边缘附近，从而使标识物102暴露在足够强的边缘磁场下以依次磁化每个剩磁段，它们位于标识物上以供去激励之用。在移离装置100之后，剩磁段的磁场使标识物102的高磁导率信号产生层维持在磁化状态，从而使得标识物在物品经过EAS系统的询问区时不产生报警信号。利用在缝隙132附近随离开磁极头部138和139凸起边缘的距离增加边缘磁场急剧下降的特征，可以在用磁场去激励标识物而不影响录像带上记录信号质量，从而使得封装磁带不受足以擦除信号或使质量有可检测的劣化的磁场的影响。
在本发明的实例系统中，重激励/去激励器120的磁心130厚度约为2.4厘米，由三层粉末冶金工艺制成的8毫米厚铁片的叠层组成。磁极头部138和139的尺寸为3毫米左右而磁极头部138与139之间的缝隙约为2毫米左右。图4中所示的其它尺寸为4.7厘米(141)、2.7(142)和1.2(143)。线圈131比较好的是由1130匝29号(直径约0.3毫米)铜丝组成，在用12伏直流电源驱动时的电流为300-350mA。
对于重激励的应用，线圈131比较好的是由交流电源驱动，其频率足以使每个剩磁段的磁化反复反向五次以上，比较好的是十次以上，而剩磁段仍然受到重激励器装置的磁力影响。为了重激励，比较好的是采用峰值约为300-350mA的交流电。在另一较佳实施例中，比较好的是采用电压较高的电源。而且根据选定的频率，磁心可以由电绝缘金属叠层或非导电铁氧体磁性材料构成。
图5为本装置交易中控制步骤的简化流程图。在方框202中，用户id代码阅读器从用户id卡上的用户识别代码中获取用户号码。系统随后询问中央数据库130以获得用户信息并确定用户是否为合法用户。如果在方框204内，用户为合法用户，则系统在方框206内获取交易信息。各种交易实例包括登记借出、登记返还、预订等。在方框208内，系统确定交易是否为合法交易，如果是，则在方框210内检查检测器122a的状态以确定物品是否插入容纳箱内。在方框212内系统等待一个暂停时间间隔以允许用户插入物品。如果已插入，则系统在方框214内寻找物品id代码。如果有物品id代码，则在方框218内从中央数据库获取物品信息。如果在方框214内没有发现物品id代码并且在方框215内检测器122b指出物品正确地位于容纳箱内，则在方框236内显示出错信息。在这种情况下，不是物品上没有物品id代码，就是用户没有正确插入物品。如果在方框215内检测器122b没有被阻挡(例如，物品在容纳箱内的位置不对)，则系统在方框216内系统等待一个暂停时间间隔以允许用户完成物品插入动作。系统随后在方框220内确定该用户是否可以对这一特定物品完成想要的交易。一旦在方框222内确定该交易，则系统更新中央数据库内有关用户(对应用户id号码)和物品(对应物品id代码)的信息以指出已进行交易。
一旦数据库经过更新，则在方框223内系统通过检查检测器122b确保物品在容纳箱内的位置正确。如果在方框225内一个暂停时间间隔之后物品仍然位置不对，则在方框236内显示出错信息。当物品位置正确时，系统命令用户将物品从容纳箱内移出。在方框224内，系统检查检测器122b的状态以确定用户是否开始移出物品。如果是，则在方框228开启重激励/去激励器。用这种方式，从容纳箱移出物品的初始动作操纵重激励/去激励器的开启。当用户从容纳箱不断移出物品时，物品和其上的标识物经过重激励/去激励器，从而根据正在处理的交易重激励或去激励标识物。如果是去激励，允许用户从设施内移出物品。如果是收回，则标识物被重激励从而防止其被未授权带走。
在方框230内，系统检查检测器122a的状态以确定物品是否被完全移出容纳箱。如果是，则在方框234内关闭重激励/去激励器并完成交易。
如果在方框204、208或220内发现交易是非法的，则在方框236内向用户显示适当的出错信息。如果在方框212、216或232中检测器发生暂停，则在方框236内向用户显示诸如提示用户插入或移出物品或者改变物品在容纳箱内的取向之类的出错信息。
本发明的范围和精神实质由后面所附的权利要求限定。

Claims (18)

1.一种物品库存跟踪和控制系统，用来跟踪和控制进出于保护区域的物品的交易，其特征在于包括：
容纳箱，适于容纳具有一定结构的物品并适于在所述容纳箱内按预定的取向容纳物品；
改变附着在物品上的标识物状态的装置；
从用户识别代码中接收用户信息的用户id代码读取装置；
从附着在物品上的物品识别代码中接收物品信息的物品id代码读取装置；
确定物品是否正确放置在容纳箱内的检测装置；
根据用户信息和物品信息使交易有效的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于进一步包括如果交易合法则随交易信息一起更新用户信息和物品信息的装置。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于检测装置还用于确定物品何时移出容纳箱并由此产生激励信号；以及
响应该激励信号使改变标识物状态的装置处于启动状态。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于检测装置还用于确定物品何时移出容纳箱并由此产生物品移出信号；以及
响应该物品移出信号使改变标识物状态的装置处于禁止状态。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于用户为图书馆的读者、出租店或零售店的顾客。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于用户为图书馆、出租店或零售店的工作人员。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于物品为录像带。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于物品为录音带。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于交易为登记借出交易。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于改变标识物状态的装置使标识物降低敏感。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于交易为收回交易。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于改变标识物状态的装置使标识物重新敏感。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于进一步包括引导插脚，确保录像带在容纳箱内正确放置。
14.一种物品跟踪和控制系统，用来对多个物件中被选定的一个物品进出固定设施进行控制，该物品具有确定的结构，其特征在于所述系统包括：
容纳箱，适于在所述容纳箱内按预定的取向容纳物品；
授权装置，其中设施的每件物品和每位用户都可以用相关的物品信息和用户信息识别，授权装置处理和记录有关授权或禁止用户带走物品的信息，每件物品上提供有标识物，在从设施带走物品时可以使其减感，而在物品返还设施时使其敏感；
改变标识物状态的装置，用来在物品库存控制子系统授权允许将物品带出设施时使标识物降低敏感。
15.如权利要求14所述的系统，其特征在于进一步包括当物品正确放置在容纳箱内时进行检测的检测装置。
16.如权利要求14所述的系统，其特征在于检测装置还用于检测物品何时从容纳箱中移出。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统，其特征在于当检测装置检测到物品正在移离容纳箱时启动改变标识物状态的装置。
18.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于物品为磁盘。
CN96197615.2A 1995-10-16 1996-09-27 物品库存跟踪和控制系统 Pending CN1199483A (zh)

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US5777884A (en) 1998-07-07
DE69611043T2 (de) 2001-07-19
DE69611043D1 (de) 2000-12-28
AU715989B2 (en) 2000-02-17
ES2152040T3 (es) 2001-01-16
CA2233500A1 (en) 1997-04-24
BR9610862A (pt) 1999-03-02
EP0857338B1 (en) 2000-11-22
AU7118996A (en) 1997-05-07
US6438447B1 (en) 2002-08-20
WO1997015031A1 (en) 1997-04-24
CA2233500C (en) 2008-05-13
EP0857338A1 (en) 1998-08-12
JPH11514478A (ja) 1999-12-07

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