CN1194044A - 计算机互连系统 - Google Patents

计算机互连系统 Download PDF

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CN1194044A
CN1194044A CN96196525A CN96196525A CN1194044A CN 1194044 A CN1194044 A CN 1194044A CN 96196525 A CN96196525 A CN 96196525A CN 96196525 A CN96196525 A CN 96196525A CN 1194044 A CN1194044 A CN 1194044A
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丹尼·L·比斯利
罗伯特·V·塞佛特
保罗·L·拉克拉帕
詹姆斯·C·霍英顿
托马斯·格里那
克文·J·哈佛
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Apex PC Solutions Inc
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Abstract

一种计算机化开关系统,用于将一个工作站与一个远程计算机相连。一个信号调节器接收由该工作站产生的键盘和鼠标信号,并生成一个数据包传输到一个中央交叉开关。该包通过一个交叉开关发送到位于一个远程计算机上的另一个信号调节器。该第二信号调节器将该键盘和鼠标信号提供给该计算机的键盘和鼠标连接器,就好象该键盘和鼠标是直接与该远程计算机相连似的。由该远程计算机产生的视频信号通过该交叉开关被传输到该工作站。水平和垂直同步信号被编码为该视频信号,以减少在该工作站和该远程计算机之间延伸的电缆的数目。与该工作站相连的该信号调节器包括一个屏上编程电路,用以为用户在该工作站的视频显示器上产生菜单。

Description

计算机互连系统
本发明涉及用于互连远程计算机的系统。
在一个典型的局域计算机网络中，一些相互连接的客户计算机经由一条通信线路与一些网络服务器资源耦合。这些资源包括文件服务器，打印服务器，调制解调器服务器和CD-ROM服务器。每个服务器通常都是一台单独的计算机，有自己的键盘，鼠标和视频显示器。每台客户计算机都可通过通信线路利用服务器计算机提供的功能。
大多数计算机网络都为服务器计算机配有一个或多个系统管理员，即操作人员。系统管理员监控在服务器计算机上运行的软件的操作，装载新的软件包，删除过时的文件，以及执行为维护网络的运行所必需的其它任务。虽然大多数的管理任务(如修改软件，删除文件等等)可以通过网络从一个客户计算机上执行，但在某些场合，网络管理员必须亲自坐在服务器计算机一端，引导对该服务器的访问和操作。例如，通过网络重新启动一个服务器计算机是不可能的。如果该服务器计算机离得不近，则执行象重新启动这样简单的任务所需的时间也是相当长的。
尽管可以通过专门的通信线路到达每个服务器计算机，从而使系统管理员可以从某个中央位置操作该网络，但除了一个非常简单的网络之外，还需大量的电缆。
本发明提供了一种计算机化的开关系统，使处在中央位置的网络管理员远程地操作多个服务器计算机而无需复杂的接线。简言之，该开关系统允许数据在工作站和远程服务器计算机之间传输。一个信号调节器接收来自工作站的键盘和鼠标信号，并生成将被传输到某个中央交叉开关的串行数据包。该交叉开关将该键盘/鼠标包发送至另一个与该远程服务器计算机相连的信号调节器。与服务器计算机相连的信号调节器将该键盘/鼠标包解码，并以同样方式将信号送至远程计算机上的键盘和鼠标连接器，就好象该鼠标和键盘是直接与该远程计算机相连似的。
远程计算机产生的视频信号通过该交叉开关传送至该工作站。为了减少该远程计算机和工作站之间接线的数量，水平和垂直同步信号以及模式信号与该模拟视频信号一起被编码。本发明的实施例允许三十二个工作站中的任何一个与三十二个远程服务器计算机中的任何一个相连。
参考下述详细说明，结合附图，本发明的上述方面和许多相伴优点将更容易认识和理解。其中：
附图1是一个计算机化的开关系统的实物电路图，根据本发明，即一些工作站和一些远程计算机；
附图2是与某个工作站相连的信号调节器(接转器)的方块图；
附图2A是由附图2所示信号调节器传送的一个串行接转器到接转器数据包的计时图；
附图2B是经由该中央交叉开关传送的一个数据包的计时图；
附图3是与一个远程计算机系统相连的信号调节器(接转器)的方块图；
附图4是根据本发明在一个工作站和一个远程服务器计算机之间传送数据的交叉开关的方块图；
附图5是一个用于在该交叉开关处发送和接收信号的输入/输出卡的方块图；
附图6是经由该交叉开关传送信号的一个开关卡的方块图；
附图7显示用于本发明交叉开关的由四个开关卡互连形成一个32×32开关；
附图8和9是显示了如何构造一个数字和模拟16×16开关的示意图；
附图10A-10C是根据本发明的另一个方面，将水平同步、垂直同步和视频模式信号编码成模拟视频信号的电路示意图；
附图11A和11B是从模拟视频信号中抽取已编码的水平、垂直同步信号和模式信号的电路示意图；
附图12A是根据本发明的另一个方面，在该工作站的显示器上产生视频显示的一个屏上编程电路的电路图；和
附图12B是用以反转在该附图12A的屏上编程电路内使用的水平和垂直同步信号的极性的一个电路的电路图。
本发明是一种计算机化开关系统，用于使一批计算机工作站与另一批远程服务器计算机相连。在本发明的这个优选实施例中，多达三十二个工作站可以与三十二个远程计算机系统中的任何一个连接。但是，现有技术领域中的技术人员将能够认识到，对于本发明所使用的场合，可能互连的数目是可以轻易变动的。
现在参看附图1，根据本发明的该计算机化开关系统或交叉开关使得一批服务器计算机52，54，56与一批工作站62，64，66相连。每个工作站包括一个视频显示器63，一个键盘65和一个光标控制设备如鼠标器67。根据本发明，一个信号调节电路或接转器70从键盘65和鼠标器67接收信号。该接转器将该键盘和鼠标器信号经由一条通信线路72传输到一个中央交叉开关60。该键盘和鼠标器信号由该交叉开关60发送后，再经由另一条通信线路74传输到接转器76，该接转器与该远程服务器计算机相连。该接转器76将该键盘和鼠标器信号通过相应的连接器提供给该远程计算机的键盘和鼠标器输入端口，就好象键盘65和鼠标器67是直接与该键盘和鼠标器输入端口相连似的。
该远程服务器计算机52，54或56所产生的音频和视频信号由相应的接转器76接收，再沿通信线路74朝相反方向传输到中央交叉开关60。该中央交叉开关将该音频和视频信号发送至一条通信线路72以便传输到接转器70。该接转器70再将该音频和视频信号提供给该工作站的相应的视频显示器63和扬声器69。从用户的角度来看，该工作站就好象是直接与该远程服务器计算机相连。
附图2是接转器70的方块图。如上所述，该接转器接收鼠标器和键盘信号，并将其通过该交叉开关传输到一个远程服务器计算机系统。此外，该接转器还通过该中央交叉开关从该远程服务器计算机接收音频和视频信号，再将其提供给该工作站的视频显示器和扬声器。
该接转器70一般包括一个中央处理器(CPU)80，带有自己的随机存取和只读存储器。一个键盘/鼠标器接口82与该CPU 80相连，用以从键盘65和鼠标器67接收和调节电子信号。当用户移动鼠标器或在键盘上键入时，该键盘/鼠标器接口82产生一个馈给到CPU 80的中断信号。然后，CPU 80从键盘/鼠标器接口82读取数字化缓冲存储的键盘和鼠标信号，并将其转换成可传输到该远程计算机的数据包。
如附图2A所示，该接转器到接转器数据包90由一个唯一的字符92开始，标出该数据包的开头，后跟一个字节94，指示该数据包的长度。下一个字节96标识该数据包所代表的数据类型(鼠标、键盘、显示器类型等等)。下一串字节98表示将要传输到服务器计算机的键盘/鼠标器数据。最后，一个检验和字节100用于修正在传输期间可能发生的错误。
应当指出，该接转器到接转器数据包不限于携带键盘和鼠标数据。该数据包使得工作站端的接转器与远程计算机端的接转器进行“对话”。每个接转器会告知另一个，它已正确接收到一个数据包，并在发生错误时，要求重新传输数据包。
当CPU 80将接转器到接转器数据包组装之后，该数据包被传输到一个四路多工UART(通用异步接收器)84，后者通过四条引线84a-84d传输和接收串行数据。该接转器到接转器数据包被串行化，并通过引线84a传输到一个差分线路驱动器/接收器88，后者经由与中央交叉开关60耦合的一些扭绞线对电缆72a-72e传输和接收数据(如附图1所示)。在本优选实施例中，该差分线路驱动器/接收器的型号为Nos.DS8921，由松下半导体公司制造。该驱动器通过一条扭绞线对电缆传输数据的正版，而通过另一条扭绞线对电缆传输数据的负版。这样就保证数据可以沿长达500英尺的长度传输，而不用附加的放大器。
当用户操作远程服务器计算机时，该远程计算机可以传输影响鼠标和键盘操作的命令。这些操作包括鼠标的灵敏度，键盘重复速率，激活键盘上的一个或多个LED指示灯(如NUM lock灯，CAPS lock等等)。从该远程计算机传输的、包含在一个接转器到接转器数据包中的键盘/鼠标命令，由该差分线路驱动器/接收器88通过扭绞线对电缆72b接收。该UART 84将接收到的串行键盘/鼠标命令转换成并行格式，并将数据提供给CPU 80。然后，CPU 80产生馈给到该键盘/鼠标接口82并应用到该键盘62b和鼠标62c的相应的信号。
从该远程服务器计算机传输的视频信号由一套差分线路接收器90通过三条扭绞线对电缆72f，72g和72h接收。由该差分线路接收器90产生的输出信号被提供给一个视频放大器92。该视频放大器的输出端与一个用于分别从绿，蓝和红色视频信号中去除内嵌的水平和垂直同步信号以及模式信号的同步离析电路94耦合。该同步离析电路94将该红，蓝和绿色模拟视频信号以及该水平和垂直同步信号通过分离的引线提供给一个以下将详细描述的屏上编程电路99。该屏上编程电路99将该视频信号馈给到一个连接器96，后者通过一条常规的视频电缆97与该工作站的视频显示器相连。如下将要详细描述的那样，该水平和垂直同步信号是内嵌于该绿和蓝色彩色视频信号中的，以减少在该工作站和该远程服务器计算机之间延伸的电缆的数量，以及减少该交叉开关的复杂性。
CPU 80还读取一套四个显示器传感引线95，以确定与其相连的显示器的类型。显示器传感数据是在如附图2A所示的一个接转器到接转器包中生成并传输。该远程计算机接收该显示器数据，并将其提供给该远程计算机，以便相应地调整其视频信号。
除了从该远程计算机接收和传输键盘和鼠标信号以外，该接转器70还可与该中央交叉开关通信。将要传输给该中央交叉开关的数据被发送到一个扭绞线对电缆72c，而从该中央交叉开关传输的数据则由一个扭绞线对电缆72d接收。
在该接转器70和该中央交叉开关之间发送的命令，通过下述的附图2B所示的包结构，允许一个用户将该工作站与另一个远程计算机相连，允许该中央交叉开关讯问该接转器的状态，更新该接转器的固件等等。当用户希望向该中央交叉开关发送一条命令时，可以使用特定的击键序列。在本发明的当前实施例中，所有的命令都以“printscreen”键开头，以“enter”键结尾。CPU 80分析对这些键的键盘敲击，并分析击键以确定该命令的目的。如果该命令导向该接转器自身，则不产生任何数据包。如果该命令导向该远程计算机，则生成并传输一个接转器到接转器包。如果该命令导向该中央交叉开关，则CPU组装一个经该扭绞线对电缆72c传输到该中央交叉开关的命令包。
附图3所示是与该远程服务器计算机相连的一个接转器76的方框图。接转器76包括一个与键盘/鼠标接口134相连的中央处理器(CPU)120。键盘/鼠标接口134提供信号到该远程计算机的键盘和鼠标连接器，以及从该连接器接收信号。来自该计算机的键盘/鼠标连接器的键盘和鼠标信号由CPU 120读取，并组装成一个与附图2A所示和上述接转器到接转器包方式相同的接转器到接转器包。由CPU 120产生的该接转器到接转器包被输送给一个四路多工UART 136，后者将该包以串行方式经引线136b传输给一个差分线路驱动器140。该差分线路驱动器驱动与该中央交叉开关耦合的一个扭绞线对电缆74a。
从一个工作站传输的接转器到接转器包由一个扭绞线对电缆74b接收，并提供给差分线路接收器140。该差分线路接收器的输出信号被输送给该四路多工UART 136，后者将该包从串行格式转换为并行格式。该CPU读取该包，然后将接收到的键盘和鼠标信号传输给该键盘和鼠标接口134，在那里信号被提供给该远程计算机的键盘和鼠标连接器，就好象该键盘和鼠标是直接与该远程服务器计算机耦合似的。提供给该键盘和鼠标连接器的信号的特定格式可以随该远程计算机的类型而变化。因此，可以对该接转器76内的CPU编程，以便将信号翻译成适当的格式。
从接转器76发送到该中央交叉开关的命令通过使用附图2B的包结构允许该远程计算机讯问该接转器的状态，更新该接转器的固件等等。对于用户接转器，所有的命令都以“printscreen”键开头，以“enter”键结尾。CPU 120分析对这些键的键盘敲击，并分析击键以确定该命令的目的地。如果该命令导向接转器76，则没有任何数据包产生。如果该命令导向该工作站，则产生并传输一个接转器到接转器包。如果该命令导向该中央交叉开关，则CPU组装经该扭绞线对电缆74d传输到该中央交叉开关的一个命令包。
来自该远程计算机视频端口的信号通过一条视频电缆143被提供给一个连接器144。如下所述，该红、绿和蓝色模拟视频信号，连同该水平和垂直同步信号一起被提供给一个同步组合电路146，后者将该水平和垂直同步信号分别编码为绿和蓝色模拟视频信号。该显示器的当前模式(即该水平和垂直同步脉冲的正确极性)由该同步组合电路146编码为红色模拟视频信号。该同步组合的输出信号被输送给一个放大器148，该放大器调节该信号并将视频信号提供给三个差分线路驱动器140，后者将信号通过三条分离的扭绞线对电缆74f，74g和74h传输给该中央交叉开关。
从一个远程工作站接收的显示器传感数据由CPU 120解码，并提供给一套显示器传感引线147。该远程计算机经这些引线接收显示器传感数据，并针对显示该视频信号的特定显示器调整其视频信号。
由该远程计算机产生的音频信号被提供给一个差分线路驱动器140，再经一条扭绞线对电缆74c传输到该中央交叉开关。
附图4是该中央交叉开关的方框图。该中央开关60包括一个主中央处理器(CPU)150，一组输入卡152，一组开关卡154和一组输出卡156。每个输入卡从多达八个远程服务器计算机接收信号并向其传输信号，而每个输出卡则从多达八个远程工作站接收信号并向其传输信号。主CPU 150通过一条数字总线158与每个输入卡152、开关卡154和每个输出卡156耦合。该主CPU、输入卡、开关卡和输出卡一起通过一个局域网络相连。
接转器到接转器包从输入卡经由开关卡发送至输出卡，反之则发送至一块数字底板160。模拟视频和音频信号在一块分离的模拟底板162上的输入卡、开关卡154和输出卡156之间传输。
附图5所示是一块输入卡152的方框图。输出卡156与该输入卡一样，只不过该音频/视频信号的方向是相反的，所以不再单独讨论。输入卡152包括自己的CPU 170，用以从主CPU 150传输和接收数据。从该远程服务器计算机传输的信号由一套差分线路驱动器/接收器172a-b接收。从该远程计算机发送到该中央交叉开关的命令由一个八进制UART 173接收，在那里该命令被从串行格式转换为并行格式。该UART将该命令馈给到CPU 170，在那里经过编译，再送至主CPU 150。
为了在该输入卡、输出卡和该交叉开关的开关卡之间传输数据，该数据按照附图2B所述的格式，由发送该包的卡的CPU进行打包。包以标记该包开头的一个唯一的字符112开始。一个目标地址114跟在该开始字符之后。该地址唯一地标识该交叉开关中的一块卡。一个字节116表示该包的大小，而字节118表示该包中所包括的数据的类型。一串字节120是从一块卡传输到另一块卡的数据。该数据之后，字节122表示发送卡的唯一地址。一个校验和字节124跟在该发送者的地址之后，唯一的字节126作为尾部发送。在该交叉开关的卡之间所有数据的传输都由主CPU 150控制。
返回到附图5，由CPU 170产生的、将被传输到与远程服务器计算机相连的接转器的命令，经引线174b被传输到一个差分线路驱动器172。从该中央计算机接收的接转器到接转器包，通过该输入卡经引线174c发送到该数字底板160。类似地，从该远程工作站传输的接转器到接转器包由该数字底板接收，通过该输入卡发送到引线174d，并提供给该差分线路驱动器172a。
为了将视频信号与该数字底板上的噪音屏蔽开来，从该远程服务器计算机传输的视频和音频信号被发送至一块单独的模拟底板162。从该远程计算机接收的音频信号，通过该输入卡发送至引线174e，再提供给该模拟底板162。视频信号由该差分线路接收器172a接收，并通过该输入卡，经引线174f-h发送至该模拟底板。
在本发明的本实施例中，每个输入卡包括多达八套差分线路驱动器/接收器172a-172h(其余的六套驱动器/接收器未画出)，用以从多达八个远程服务器计算机接收信号。来自每个远程计算机的信号，通过该输入卡，以上述方式发送至该数字和模拟底板。
附图6是一个开关卡154的方框图。该开关卡包括其自己的中央处理器(CPU)180。为了使用一套控制引线183控制一个16×16数字交叉开关182和一个16×16模拟交叉开关184的位置，该CPU 180从该主CPU 150传输和接收信号。该数字交叉开关182把在一个工作站和一个远程服务器计算机之间传输的键盘/鼠标信号以及由该远程服务器计算机产生的音频信号连接到该工作站。该模拟交叉开关184在一个远程服务器计算机和任何一个工作站之间传输视频信号。
附图7显示为了在32个工作站和32个远程服务器计算机之间传输信号，如何使用四个开关卡154a、154b、154c和154d来配置该32×32交叉开关的数字底板部分。该开关卡154a有16条与16台远程服务器计算机相连的输入线路186和16条与16台工作站相连的输出线路188。该开关卡154b有16条与另外16台远程服务器计算机相连的输入线路和16条与该开关卡154a的16条输出线路188中的每条相连的输出线路194。开关卡154c有16条与该开关卡154a的16条输入线路186相连的输入线路198。开关卡154c的16条输出线路200与另外16台远程工作站相连。开关卡154d有16条与该开关卡154b的16条输入线路192中的每条相连的输入线路204。开关卡154d的16条输出线路206与该开关卡154c的16条输出线路200耦合。该模拟底板的构造方式与上述数字底板的方式相类似。可以看到，开关卡154a、154b、154c和154d的布置允许来自32台远程服务器计算机中的任何一台的数据与32台远程工作站中的任何一台相连接。
附图7所示的开关布置类型，对在该远程服务器计算机和相应的工作站之间传输的每个信号而言都是必需的。在本发明的本实施例中，每个工作站都发送和接收接转器到接转器包，以及从该远程计算机接收音频和视频信号。因此，对附图6所示的32×32数字开关而言，该数字底板包括两套附图7所示类型的开关，该模拟底板包括另外四套用于视频和音频信号的开关。
在本发明的本优选实施例中，该数字16×16开关182是使用一对如附图8所示的16×8数字开关而实现的。每个16×16开关包括开关210和216。开关210有16条输入线路212和8条输出线路214。开关216有16条与该输入线路212中的每条耦合的输入线路218以及8条输出线路220。在本发明的本优选实施例中，每个16×8开关210和216的零件号为CD22M34945Q，由哈里斯制造。
在其上传输视频信号的该模拟底板按照附图7所示开关的方式进行配置。但是，由于要求更大的带宽，每个16×16开关184均使用8个型号为DG884DN，斯里考尼克斯制造的8×4模拟开关而实现。从附图9可以看到，一个16×16模拟开关是使用开关222、224、226和228实现的，每个开关都有8条输入线路和4条输出线路。开关222、224、226和228的输入线路是以并行方式连接的。第二套开关230、232、234和236中每个开关都有8条输入线路和4条输出线路。开关230、232、234和236的输入线路是以并行方式连接的。开关230的输出以并行方式与开关222的输出耦合，开关232的输出以并行方式与开关224的输出耦合。开关234的输出以并行方式与开关226的输出耦合，开关236的输出以并行方式与开关228的输出耦合。
为了减少必须在该远程计算机和该工作站之间延伸的电缆的数目，本发明将该水平和垂直同步信号编码为从该远程计算机传输的模拟彩色视频信号。附图10A-10C显示了对该垂直和水平同步信号以及该显示器的模式信号进行编码的该同步组合电路146(见附图3)的细节。附图10A显示了将该水平同步信号编码为由一个远程计算机生成的绿色视频信号的电路。该电路包括一个具有用于接收由该计算机系统产生的水平同步信号的第一输入的“异或”(XOR)门250。一个电阻器252和一个电容器254串联连接在该“异或”门的第一输入和地线之间。在该电阻器252和电容器254的结合处是两个串联的反转门256和258。反转门258的输出被提供给该“异或”门250的第二输入。
无论该水平同步信号的正常状态是什么，该“异或”门250都将该水平信号作为一个正脉冲进行编码。该电容器254的电压与该水平同步信号的平均值相等。该反转门258的输出有一个与该水平同步信号的非活动状态相等的逻辑电平。该“异或”门250的输出与一个放大电路260的一个反转输入耦合。该放大器260的非反转输入被连接以接收绿色模拟视频信号。当该水平同步信号处于其正常状态时，则放大器260的输出信号跟在该绿色模拟视频信号后面。但是，当该水平同步信号被激活时，该活动视频处于零伏特，放大器260产生一个负水平同步脉冲。
附图10B显示了将该垂直同步信号编码为由该远程计算机产生的蓝色模拟视频信号的一个电路。该电路包括一个“异或”(XOR)门270，一个电阻器272，一个电容器274和一对以与上述和附图10A所示该水平同步电路相同的方式连接的反转门276、278。当该垂直同步信号被激活时，该“异或”门的输出总是一个正脉冲。该“异或”门的输出被馈给到一个放大器280的反转输入。当该垂直同步信号处于正常状态时，该放大器280的输出跟在该蓝色模拟视频信号之后。但是，当该垂直同步信号被激活时，放大器则产生垂直同步的负脉冲V-sync。
附图10C是对该视频显示器的模式进行编码的一个电子电路。该模式是指该水平和垂直同步信号的极性。模式的改变要影响由视频显示器产生的该视频显示的大小。为对该视频信号进行编码，使用附图10C所示的电路。该电路包括两个“和”门284和286。该“和”门284有一个与反转门258(见附图10A)的输出端耦合的输入端。该“和”门286有一个与反转门278(见附图10B)的输出端耦合的输入端。“和”门284和286的其余输入端与该“异或”门270(见附图10B)的输出端耦合，从而当该垂直同步信号被激活时，该模式信号只被编码为红色视频信号。
该“和”门284和286的输出端分别与一对电阻器290和292串联连接。电阻器290和292一起被连接在一个共同的节点291。一个电阻器293被连接在该节点291和地线之间。每次当该垂直同步信号被激活时，该“和”门284和286都在节点291产生一个与该视频显示器的模式成比例的电压。该成比例的电压被馈给到一个放大器294的反转输入端。该放大器294的非反转输入端被连接用以接收由该远程计算机产生的红色模拟视频信号。当该垂直同步信号处于正常状态时，该比较器294的输出信号跟在该红色模拟视频信号之后。但是，当该垂直同步信号被激活时，该模式信号被编码为红色视频信号。
当该视频信号已经从该远程服务器计算机通过该模拟交叉开关传输到该远程工作站之后，该同步信号则从该绿色和蓝色视频信号中抽取出来。为了从绿色视频信号中抽取该水平同步信号，使用附图11A所示的电路。该绿色视频信号由一个差分接收器90处的接转器接收，该差分接收器90产生一个馈给到削波放大器302的非反转输入端的输出信号。放大器302的输出信号是被馈给到该视频显示器的绿色模拟视频信号。一个电阻器306放置在比较器304的非反转输入端和该差分接收器90的输出端之间。一个反馈电阻器308被连接在比较器304的非反转输出端和非反转输入端之间。比较器304的一个反转输入被固定为由电阻器310和312所限定的分压器提供的定常参考电压。当该差分接收器90的输出信号的一个量值低于比较器304的反转输入端所提供的电压，则放大器304的反转输出端产生一个正脉冲。该正脉冲被提供给一个“异或”(XOR)门314的输入端。与该“异或”门314的另一个输入端耦合的是从如下所述的红色模拟视频信号中恢复的水平模式(H-模式)信号。该“异或”门314根据该H-模式信号的值来调节该水平同步信号的极性。
为从该蓝色视频信号中抽取垂直同步信号所必需的电路与附图11A所示的电路相同，其不同处只是为了调节该垂直同步信号的极性，该“异或”(XOR)门接收V-模式信号。
为恢复视频模式信号，本发明利用了附图11B所示的电路。由一个产生该红色模拟视频信号的差分线路接收器90在一个接转器处接收该红色模拟视频信号。该差分线路接收器90的输出与一对比较器320和324的反转输入耦合。该比较器324由该垂直同步脉冲的上升边缘所触发的单稳326的输出所选通，从而使该比较器当垂直同步信号激活时只改变状态。比较器324的非反转输入被供以由包含一个电阻器326和一个电阻器328的分压器所产生的参考电压。比较器320的反转输入被供以由包含一个电阻器330和一个电阻器332的分压器所产生的定常电压。
一个电阻器334放置在比较器320的输出和比较器324的反转输入之间。最后，一个电阻器336放置在比较器320的反转输入和比较器324的反转输入之间。
该模式抽取电路产生两个信号，H-模式和V-模式，它们具有依赖于被编码为红色视频信号的模式信号的量值的逻辑电平。如果该模式信号的量值在0和-0.15伏之间，则H-模式信号低，V-模式信号也低。当模式信号的量值在-0.15和-0.29伏之间，则H-模式信号高，而V-模式信号仍低。当模式信号的量值在-0.29和-0.49伏之间，则V-模式信号高，而H-模式信号低。当模式信号的量值小于-0.49伏，则H-模式信号和V-模式信号都高。可以理解，以上给出的量值随所使用的电路元件的不同而不同。
当视频模式信号已经从该红色视频信号中被解码，该H-模式和V-模式的值则用于通过附图11A所示的“异或”门调节该水平和垂直同步信号的极性。
可以看到，附图10A-10C和11A，11B所示的电路，通过将该同步和模式信号在该信号被非正常使用时编码为彩色视频信号，减少了必须在该远程服务器计算机和工作站之间延伸的电缆的数目。
以上描述了本发明的元件，现在描述其操作。要将一个工作站与一个远程计算机相连，用户发出一个命令，使该中央交叉开关将该键盘/鼠标信号耦合到一个远程计算机。如上所述，影响该交叉开关操作的命令被插在“printscreen”和“enter”击键之间。与该工作站相连的接转器检测这些击键，并传输一个包到一个输出卡上的CPU。然后该CPU将该包传输给主CPU，后者确认该请求并发出一个命令给开关卡，以设定该16×16数字和模拟开关182和184(见附图6)的位置。当该开关的位置设定后，主CPU告知该计算机接转器76，连接已经实现。然后，键盘/鼠标信号被打包，作为接转器到接转器包通过该交叉开关进行传输。来自该远程计算机的视频和音频信号从该远程计算机传输到该工作站。
如上所述，本发明允许用户从一个工作站发送命令到该中央交叉开关，以响应在该视频显示器上显示的提示符。附图2所示的屏上编程电路99产生显示可由用户选择的菜单命令的视频信号。附图12A是该屏上编程电路99的电路图。该电路包括一套其输入与由该同步抽取电路94(见附图2)所提供的红、绿和蓝色视频信号耦合的三态缓冲区352、354和356。当该三态缓冲区被激励时，该红、绿和蓝色视频信号到达该视频显示器。当该三态缓冲区352、354和356处于高阻抗状态时，则由一个如下所述的屏上编程电路364产生该视频信号。
该屏上编程电路99使用一个同步发生器358来产生自己的水平和垂直同步信号。所产生的水平和垂直同步信号被提供给一个开关360，后者或选择由该内部同步发生器358所产生的同步信号，或选择从该远程计算机所传输的绿色和蓝色视频信号中恢复的外部水平和垂直同步信号。该开关360通过与CPU 80(见附图2)耦合的引线361接收一个信号，该CPU 80确定所选择的是哪套水平和垂直同步信号。由该开关360所选择的水平和垂直同步信号被馈给到用户的工作站所在的视频显示器。与该开关360的输出耦合的还有一个同步极化器362，用以迫使所选择的该水平和垂直同步信号的极性处于低活动状态。该同步极化器362的细节如附图12B所示。
该同步极化器包括一对“异或”(XOR)门400和402。“异或”门400有一个输入直接与该被极化的同步信号耦合。一个电阻器404连接在该同步信号和该“异或”门400的另一个输入之间。一个电容器406连接在该“异或”门400的第二输入和地线之间。该电容器406上的电压是该同步信号的平均电压。该异或”门400的输出馈给到该“异或”门402的一个输入。该“异或”门402的另一个输入与一个逻辑高信号相耦合。每当该同步信号被激活，而无论该同步信号是否处于正常状态时，该“异或”门402的输出都是一个负脉冲。
该同步极化器362的输出与一个屏上处理器364的水平和垂直同步输入耦合。该屏上处理器产生显示一个或多个在其内部视频ROM存储器中编程的、字母数字字符的、红色、绿色和蓝色视频信号。为了控制哪些字符被放置在该视频显示屏上，CPU 80在一对引线363和365上生成串行I2C接口信号。这些信号被提供给该屏上处理器364，后者使该处理器从一块内部视频RAM中检索将要显示在该视频显示屏上的字符。该屏上处理器364提供两个将被提供给一个叠加控制逻辑电路366的信号HBFK和HTONE。提供给该叠加控制逻辑电路的还有来自该用户接转器的CPU 80的四个信号。这四个信号是H TONE开启，OSD开启，系统视频开启和透明。该叠加控制逻辑电路366读取这些逻辑信号的值，并且或者开启或者关闭该三态缓冲区352、354和356上的一套三态缓冲区368、370和372。这些三态缓冲区368、370和372将该屏上处理器364的输出耦合到与该显示器的彩色输入相连的引线。
当该三态缓冲区352、354和356处于高阻抗状态时，而且该三态缓冲区368、370和372被激活，则该视频显示屏只显示由该屏上处理器产生的那些信号。相反，如果该三态缓冲区368、370和372处于高阻抗状态时，而且该三态缓冲区352、354和356被激活，则该显示器显示由该远程计算机系统产生的视频信号。如果两套三态缓冲区368、370和372及352、354和356都被激活，则显示器显示由该屏上处理器和该远程计算机系统两者产生的视频信号。下表是该叠加控制逻辑电路366的逻辑定义。
HTONE HBFK H TONE开启 OSD开启 系统视频开启 透明 显示
X 0 X 0  0  X 显示屏空白
X X X 0  1  X 只显示系统视频
X 1 0 1  0  0 只显示OSD
1 1 1 1  0  0 连同透明字符的OSD，即字符透明，OSD窗实心
X X X 1  0  1 非法状态
0 1 0 1  1  0 活动的带有实心OSD字符的系统视频
  1   1   1   1   1   0   活动的带有透明OSD字符和实心OSD窗的系统视频
  1   1   0   1   1   1   活动的带有不透明OSD字符和窗的系统视频
  1   1   1   1   1   1   活动的带有透明OSD字符和不透明OSD窗的系统视频
上表所给出的该叠加控制逻辑电路366的构造可以认为是在一个普通数字电子工程师的技术水平内。
为了激活该屏上编程显示，用户可以通过按下“printscreen”键开始该逃逸序列。用户接转器内的CPU识别这个键，并在该视频显示屏上产生一个菜单。然后用户通过键盘输入或移动鼠标器，从该菜单中选择一个或多个项目。然后CPU将这些键盘/鼠标输入编译成命令传输给该中央交叉开关。一旦用户通过激活“enter”键而结束一个命令，则CPU可以产生一个或多个包传输给该中央交叉开关，使用户连接到不同的计算机，监控该不同的计算机的状态，等等。
可以看到，本发明允许用户从一个中央工作站访问32台远程计算机中的任何一台。该系统脱离网络而运行，从而当网络失败时，用户仍然可以访问每一台服务器计算机。此外，接转器在不同的键盘/显示器类型和不同的计算机之间充当翻译器。由于所有的接转器到接转器包都具有相同的格式，以前不兼容的设备也能很容易地连接在一起。
虽然只是对本发明的优选实施例进行了描述，但应当理解，只要不脱离本发明的实质和范围，可以作出各种变化。例如，虽然本发明为了系统管理的目的，只描述了将工作站与远程计算机相连，但应当理解本发明还有更进一步的用途。例如，可以定位远离较便宜的终端的、昂贵的计算机设备。因此，本发明可以用于学术会议，它允许学生从一个或多个工作站操作远程的计算机。相信本发明具有很多种应用场合，它能将计算设备与计算机显示和数据输入设备分离开来。所以，本发明的范围仅由下面的权利要求书所限定。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于将包括键盘、鼠标和视频显示器在内的类型的一组工作站与一组远程计算机系统连接起来的系统，包括：
众多与该工作站耦合的第一信号调节器，用于接收由键盘和鼠标产生的电子信号，并生成包括该电子信号的一个串行数据包；
众多与该第一信号调节器耦合的第一通信连接器，用于携带该串行数据包；
一个包含一组输入和一组输出的中央交叉开关，所述中央交叉开关从一个输入接收该串行数据包，并发送该串行数据包到一个或多个所述输出；
众多与该中央交叉开关的输出耦合的第二通信连接器；和
众多与该远程计算机系统耦合的第二信号调节器，用于接收经众多第二通信连接器开关中的一个传输的该串行数据包，并用于将该数据包提供给该远程计算机的键盘和鼠标输入。
2.根据权利要求1的系统，其中众多第二信号调节器接收由该远程计算机系统产生的视频信号，并将该视频信号经众多第二通信连接器中的一个传输到该中央开关。
3.根据权利要求2的系统，其中该视频信号包括一个红、绿和蓝色视频信号以及一个水平和垂直同步信号，及其中每个第二信号调节器包括一个编码电路，用以在该视频信号被传输到该中央开关之前，将该水平和垂直同步信号编码为红、绿或蓝色视频信号中的两个。
4.根据权利要求3的系统，其中该视频信号包括一个表示该水平和垂直同步信号的极性的模式信号，及其中该编码电路在该视频信号被传输到该中央开关之前，将该模式信号编码为红、绿或蓝色视频信号中的一个。
5.根据权利要求3的系统，其中该第一信号调节器包括一个解码电路，用于从该红、绿或蓝色视频信号中去除该水平和垂直同步信号。
6.根据权利要求5的系统，其中该解码电路从该红、绿或蓝色视频信号中去除该模式信号。
7.根据权利要求6的系统，其中该解码电路包括一个基于该解码的模式信号用于调节该水平和垂直同步信号的极性的电路。
8.根据权利要求7的系统还包括一个包括在该第一信号调节器中的屏上编程电路，该屏上编程电路产生在该视频显示器上显示的视频信号。
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US5884096A (en) 1999-03-16
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US7818367B2 (en) 2010-10-19
US5937176A (en) 1999-08-10
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NO980703L (no) 1998-02-19
IL122142A0 (en) 1998-04-05
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US5721842A (en) 1998-02-24
US20110010632A1 (en) 2011-01-13
US6112264A (en) 2000-08-29
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EP0846292A1 (en) 1998-06-10
ATE216101T1 (de) 2002-04-15
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US7113978B2 (en) 2006-09-26
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US8443037B2 (en) 2013-05-14
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