CN1183186A - 可靠识别系统与方法 - Google Patents

可靠识别系统与方法 Download PDF

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CN1183186A
CN1183186A CN96193587A CN96193587A CN1183186A CN 1183186 A CN1183186 A CN 1183186A CN 96193587 A CN96193587 A CN 96193587A CN 96193587 A CN96193587 A CN 96193587A CN 1183186 A CN1183186 A CN 1183186A
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罗伯特·C·乌韦纳
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    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
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    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
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Abstract

此系统包括具有输入由特定的个人所出示的数据(4,4’,4”)的装置的身份验证终端点,至少一个其中存贮对欲加识别的人是唯一的数字图象数据的数据库存贮和检索地点,和用于在验证终端点与数据库地点之间作数据交换的装置。数据库地点包括用于证实试图与该地点交换数据的验证终端点是被授权这样做的。然后系统将图象数据传送到验证终端点。在此将其在一显示装置(16)上显示。此系统结合有一用于证实在验证点的鉴定人员已恰当地验证显示装置上所显示的数字图象与欲在验证终端点加以识别的人员所提供的实际信息相符合的装置。

Description

可靠识别系统与方法
本发明是有关身份验证领域。具体说，本发明是针对一种获取和显示与特定事件相关的个人的数字图象的装置和方法。更详细说，这一装置和方法能被用来验证信用卡的使用者事实上是卡的拥有者。虽然这里将针对这样一种基于信用卡识别的情形对该装置和方法加以说明，但应理解本发明适用于任何要求可靠地鉴别的情况，包括银行业务，福利分配，选举，出售武器和其他涉及法律的情况，卫生保健，含频繁的飞行补偿的机票，和移民及国藉变更事务。
可靠的身份验证在许多类型的交易和保安程序中是关键性的。例如，签字、指纹或面部图象被加以比较来证明身份。制造欺诈身份或者个人身份的错误表示可能导致欺诈交易和违背安全系统。现今采用作为这种可靠识别装置的有如驾驶员执照，照片识别卡，手写体签字，个人鉴别号，指纹，视网膜扫描，语音声谱仪和其他专门地辨别个人特证的方法。但这些身份验证现有技术呈现出下面的一个或数个特点：1)它们对大多数可靠个人识别应用场合不能提供足够的可靠性；2)实现它们所需的工艺如为整个行业大批采用会太昂贵；3)它们不易应用，而这对大多数的个人验证的应用是至关重要的：4)为大规模实现它们所需的技术尚不够成熟足以保证的足够可靠性；5)对于大部分个人验证的应用来使用此工艺技术的重复费用太高；6)用于身份验证的数据不能以安全可靠的方式被保存着而是几乎普遍地由提供它作为识别形式的个人所持有，因而给欺诈性改变此验证数据提供了可能；7)为大规模应用建立正确的验证数据库的方法是不现实的；和8)验证过程不包含有充分的步骤来保证负责身份验证的个人能保证身份识别能正确进行。
一种依赖于对交易的可靠身份验证的系统是信用/支付(credit/debit)和记帐卡系统。信用卡用于用户为完成交易的日益普及的装置。但由应用信用卡的便利所引起的部分代价是信用卡欺诈的高速增长。因为每年进行的信用卡交易有数万亿美元，取决于提出支付方式的人员实际上是具有使用此基本帐号的合法权利的人这一事实，即使很小百分比的欺诈交易也会导致数百万美元的损失。这种欺诈的成本间接地由消费者以更高的信用卡利率和手续费付出，并部分地由接收这种信用的贸易商以更高的交易佣金的形式付给。
用于反对欺诈的方法是在卡片上采用全息图，确认请求人需要取得交易证明，在卡的背面上的磁条上对持卡人信息的编码，以及签字验证。已公布有许多关于识别装置和方法的专利。特别应指出的是在1994年6月14日授予Ray等人的US专利NO.5321751。其他值得参考的先有技术是在1994年8月9日授予Axelrod等人的US专利NO.533735，在1992年3月10日授予Miyata的US专利NO.5095196，在1993年11月2日授予Monroe等的US专利NO.5259025，在1991年2月19日授予Le ighton等人的US专利NO.4995081，在1991年2月5日授予Lemelson的US专利NO.4991205，在1991年10月1日授予Senanayake的US专利NO.5053608，在1992年7月14日授予Puhl等人的US专利NO.5131038和1991年2月12日授予Piosenka等人的US专利NO.4993068。如以上指出的，所有这些识存技术识别系统的基本缺陷之一在于它们全都以某些方式依赖于所提交的使用卡上的编码信息。尽管一些上述参考技术中包含复杂的加密算法，实际情况仍然是只要使卡的使用者访问到信息，就给予了对即使是最复杂的加密措施的逆向设计及克服的潜在可能。
不久前，Citibank介绍了一种带有设置在卡的自身上的合法用户的数字照片的信用卡。如Ray的专利中所揭示的，Citibank卡上的摄影图象导致纽约试验市场中的欺诈被初始地降低高达67％。但是，也如Ray所说明的，Citibank照片卡系统象其他被分配给公众的身份验证方式一样最终还将为复杂的伪造击败。
采用大部分现有技术验证方法的再一个困难是，它们全都需要采用结合某种形式的鉴别装置的特殊信用卡。这样，为了使它们的应用得到广泛的认同就必须更换现有的信用卡和信用卡制造设备
本揭示的发明提供许多超过现有技术身份验证系统和方法的进步，克服了许多在这些现有系统中发现的限制。首先，也许本揭示发明的最重要的优点在于，此可靠身份验证系统在远地存放验证数据，因而不会让罪犯接触到此身份验证媒作。这一点的重大意义是，任何时候一可能的伪造者被给予机会接触到检证媒体，就存在着此媒体被受到篡改的可能，而不管结合在系统中安全措施的水平如何。其次，同样是本揭示发明的重要优点在于，系统完全与该系统被设计来作可靠地识别的用户的信用卡无关。因而本揭示发明无需修改或更换现有的信用卡，而这原本来是几手无法超越的任务。而且，身份检证媒体与信用卡本身分隔开使得这里所揭示的系统能与任何数量的信用卡相结合使用。
另外，低成本可随意应用的摄象机和对由所有各州保持的驾驶员执照数据库的访问使得系统和方法的大范围实现方便和费用合理。最后，具有对位于远地数据库场所的信用管理机构的接口减少了在验证点以及在远地数据库场所所需的硬件，由此降低整个验证业务的成本。
因而，本发明的目的就是提供一种与保证个人的身份是重要的交易、例如信用卡交易相结合使用，将识别媒体与信用卡用户分隔开的可靠身份验证的系统和方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种难以伪造的可靠身份验证系统和方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种用于可靠身份验证的系统和方法，包含有个人的摄影图象和其他相关数据、例如签名的数字化图象表示的安全和准确的数据库，能被访问以用于多重可靠识别应用。
本发明的又一目的是提供一可靠身份验证系统和方法，从信用卡等中消除识别形式以使得无需为了实现此装置和方法更换现有的信用卡。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一可靠身份验证系统和方法，去除信用卡等中的个人签名以使得在信用卡被盗和欺诈使用时伪造签名成为实际上没有可能。
本发明的另一目的是提供一可靠验证的系统和方法，要求证实个人对欲被识别的人员的实际特证与存贮在系统的图象数据库中的个人的形象相符合负责。
本发明的再一目的是提供实际上不能伪造的可靠身份验证系统和方法。
由以下说明将清楚了解本揭示发明的这些和其他的目的。
本发明是一可靠地验证个人身份的系统和方法。此系统包括一具有输入由特定人员给出的数据的装置的身份验证终端点，其中存贮有待被验证的人员所特有的多个数字图象数据的至少一个数据库存贮和检索地点，和用于在验证终端点与数据库地点之间交换数据的装置。该数据库地点包括用于证实验证终端点寻求与此地点交换数据是经授权的装置。在该数据库地点，系统接收在验证终端点所给出的信息并检索数据库以找出对应于此唯一数据的唯一的图象数据。然后系统将此图象数据传送到该验证终端点，在此在一显示装置上对之进行显示。最后，系统装有一用于证实在验证点的鉴别人已恰当地证实显示装置上显示的数字照片与由欲被识别的个人在验证终端点所提供的实际信息相符合的装置。
图1为说明其中所含的各个部件的身份验证终端点的方框图。
图2为可被用于销售点等的识别终端点的优选实施例的透视投影图。
图3为可靠身份验证系统的组成部件和身份验证点与远地数据库存贮和检索中心之间建立的通信通道的方框图，此中心是为发送到验证点而被维持和访问的欲加识别的人员的摄影图象的综合数据库。
图4为表示在一全球高速网络上构成网络的多个数据存贮和检索中心的高层系统结构图。
本发明是为作可靠身份验证的目的而开发、维持和应用一安全和真实的数字照片图象、签名或其他对个人为唯一的数据的数据库的系统和方法。此系统包含：以安全和低费用的方式访问数据库的装置，进行可靠身份验证的装置和一使得能为来自世界范围各地点的大量验证请求作低成本运行、便于应用、稳定和坚固性的分布式数据库更新和检索系统。本发明还包含为对系统的用户部分负责、并进而保证系统能被用至最大潜力的装置。
这里将特别参照在消费者或提供者为购物提供信用卡的场所的销售系统点来说明本系统。因而此系统将具体涉及信用卡帐号等。但应理解，这里所揭示的可靠身份验证系统可适用于任何要求可靠地验证个人的应用场合。这样的其他可能应用包括支票和银行业务，武器销售，食品标记偿付和许多其他有关福利，选举，执法，保健，航空，移民和国藉领域的应用。
现在参看图中所示的按照本发明的可靠验证系统。验证终端点1被安置于目前人员的身份需要加以验证的场所。此验证终端点包括：标准磁条阅读器4，任意的条码阅读器4′，支票扫描仪4＂，这些均是本技术领域中所公知的，输入键盘5，最好为一微型平板显示器的显示装置6，控制器7，和内部通信调制解调器或其他通信装置8。虽然数据交换率可能随可用的高级电话线路或其他数据传送装置、如专用广域网或卫量通信链路而改变，此系统将以至少9600bps的速率传送数据。但优质的数据传送媒体将可使进行速率达到14400bps、28800bps甚至更高速率的数据交换。
在信用卡交易情况中，验证点将通常为销售点，它一般结合有现金出纳机和现有技术信用卡验证系统。在出示标准信用卡2后，商店雇员或其他负责可靠验证的人员将信用卡帐号输入进识别终端点1。输入信用卡信息的较佳方法是通过标准的磁条阅读器4扫描该信用卡，它能读取信用卡帐户信息，这些信息当前被编码在实际上所有使用卡的背侧的磁条上。在可采用的方法中，如果含有帐户数据的磁条受到污损，这常是因磨损或接触到强烈磁场而发生，验证人将简单地读出信用卡的帐号，这里通常是以压纹式字符设置的，并利用键盘5将此信用卡帐号输入到验证终端点。另一可选择的将信用卡帐户信息输入到验证终端点的装置是采用如条码那样的编码媒体。在此实施例中，磁条阅读器4被以标准条码阅读器取代来将其数据传送到代码读取器4′并到达控制器7。本发明的另一实施例包含有支票扫描仪4＂，其被用于扫描标准的个人或公司支票的核查帐号信息，这将系统的功能从信用/支付卡交易身份验证扩展到核查相关交易。
除信用卡帐户信息外，鉴别者还可在身份验证过程中通过键盘5手动输入任何其他的协助所需的信息。这种附加信息可以是出示证件者为男性还是女性，在此情况下该键盘可结合有特定键以对应男性/女性选择5′；或者出示证件者是否是信用卡所有者的家眷，在此情况下键盘将结合有特殊键5″来对应此家眷选择。
一旦帐号被输入验证终端点3，终端就将通过其内部通信装置开始通信，该内部通信装置可以是利用公用电话线路12到达多个远地数据库存贮地点9-11中之一的调制解调器或广域网(WAN)装置。也予见到其他可能的通信连接形式，包括卫星通信或专用网络装置。实际被访问地点将随终端启动与一远地数据库地点的通信时刻的公共访问电话线的可用性和负载、网络可用性、检索的地点可用性或其他系统可用性标准而变。然后通过数据库存贮地点的调制解调器组14建立与远地数据库存贮地点的输入/输出控制器13的通信，控制器13即开始对验证终端点3的查询，以验证该终端具有对该远地数据库地点访问的恰当的授权且为一有效装置。执行这种查询的一种简单和费用合理的方法是利用普通可行的呼叫方ID技术来保证此对数据的请求已从被授权的电话线路发出。此外，可将一软件关键字结合进各验证终端点，它将在被一远地数据库存贮地点查询时以予定方式应答。
一旦控制器13证实请求的识别终端点3为一有效装置并具有适当的访问许可，此终端将被允许发送一信息请求到数据库存贮地点。此信息请求也通过高速网络15由输入/输出控制器14接收。此高速网络可以是光纤分布式数据接口(FDDI)，异步传送模式(ATM)，或任何其他适合的费用恰当的高速网络。然后此信息请求被传送到多个处理信用卡帐户数据的数据库服务器16～18之一。所选择的服务器则访问一组高速、高可靠性的磁盘阵列19～23并检索与数据库服务器接收的帐户数据相关的数字摄影或其他图象或其他唯一的个人的数据。
除检索存贮在远地数据库地点的数字图象或其他唯一的个人数据外，此数据库地点还将被构成为使输入/输出控制器13能启动自外部信息数据库的附加信息请求。此信用卡处理例中所予见的一个这样的情形是，此数据库地点查询多个现有的信贷授权机构(CAA)之一以证实正处理中的信用卡帐户是有效并在其予先核准的信贷限制之内。另一可能的实施例是将远地数据库存贮和检索地点共同置于或多个CAA地点。
通常为零售企业中的售贷员的鉴定人员仅需要将信用卡信息输入一个装置并从单一源接收信贷批准和身份检证。在这一情况中，输入/输出控制器13通过在公共访问电话线12上的调制解调器组14或通过WAN连接14′等启动一对外部CAA23的信贷授权请求。如果交易量为CAA23批准，数据库地点将自CAA接收信贷批准代码并通过其建立的通信链路将此代码连同数字图象信息或其它唯一的数据再发送到验证终端点。此信贷批准代码将在验证终端点的显示装置6上，或者替代地在任意的第二显示装置6上显示。
该验证终端点然后通过调制解调器或WAN连接8接收该信息并将其传送到控制器7，处理器7处理所接收的信息并在任一显示装置6上显示所接收的数字图象。在本发明的一实施例中，数字信息以压缩状态存贮在远地数据库存贮地点并以压缩状态传送到验证终端点以便能与特定交易相关的时间减到最小。在此实施例中，控制器7首先对数字摄影信息进行去压缩且然后在显示装置6上显示此信息。
本发明的另一实施例被用于要求信息的最高安全性的情况，该数字图象信息被送到验证终端点的同时除被压缩外还被加密。在此实施例中，终端控制器7为使得信息能在显示装置上显示，在被要求对摄影信息去压缩的同时还要对其解密。
售货员或其他负责作身份验证的人员则对显示装置上显示的图象与在验证点出示信用卡的人的实际形象或签名进行目测比较。如果相符合，售货员就在输入键盘上输入指定的键入序列表明此售货员实际已证实身份相符。此键入序列对一个售货员是唯一的就象多个人识别号(PIN)一样。然后此个别的PIN被验证终端点通过通信链路发送到远地数据库存贮和检索地点。在此PIN被与正在完成的特定交易相关连并加以存贮以供以后在对一特定信用卡交易是否已被正常地核准产生怀疑时加以检索。这样，采用与每一商店雇员相关连的PIN型系统将提供责任性而带来较之不采取有任何保证个人责任的特点的系统一更高层次的详细检查。
可被加到此基本系统的其他特点包含加入签名验证能力。因为和照片一样签名也能被数字化和通过标准通信媒体传送，所以签名验证是该基本系统很自然的延伸。在此实施例中，签名的数字图形表示与照片数据被传送的同时被从远地数据库地点发送到验证终端点。在此实施例中，鉴定人能在显示装置6上显示出示信用卡者的照片图象或者其数字签名以便验证其中一种或两种形式的数字信息。在另一可行实施例中，第二显示装置6，被用来在显示装置6上显示核准的用户的照片图象的同时显示合法的数字签名。这一附加特点使得系统的参与者能保留无签名的信用卡。这样，如果一罪犯得到一信用卡，此卡也不会有签名供罪犯学习和可能的模仿。这对系统增加了基本系统中没有的更进一层的安全性。
在此基本发明的另一实施例中，采用一改型的终端来将可靠身份验证加到已有的销售信用卡授权装置和系统点。此改型终端被设计来与已有的销售装置点相结合地工作而无需更换当前存在的零售企业硬件系统。
此改型终端被加在现有的销售点，由经修改的控制器、显示装置、和通信接口组成。最好，显示装置为一微型平板显示器，类似于以上所述验证终端点中所用的类型。此显示器可被安置在可利用的计算器的空隙处，或者如果此空隙很宝贵则可将其安装在一支座等上面。此改型终端被连接到一标准电源并经由其内部串或并行通信接口连接到现有的信用卡核准硬件。
此改型终端需要采用经修改的控制器。替代如采用标准的验证终端点的情况那样从一磁条阅读器、条码阅读器、或一手动输入接收信用卡帐户信息，此改型终端是通过它的通信接口从现有的信用卡核准硬件接收信用卡帐户信息。此改型终端然后以与前面描述的同样的方式启动到远地数据库地点的通信以便检索和显示识别数据，如授权的信用卡用户的数字化照片或签名。但不象标准的验证终端点，鉴别人的责任性必须利用由鉴别人在现有的信用卡核准硬件上进行的输入来提供，该输入被通过通信接口连接到此改型终端。然后此改型终端将鉴别人的特定信息送至远地数据库地点加以存贮。此改型终端还可包含一任选的支票扫描仪或任选的条码阅读器来提供采用其他支付形式例如个人或公司支票等时的应用灵活性
这样，此改型终端将大大降低各验证地点的成本，简化各验证地点的硬件的安装，并增加该新颖的可靠身份验证系统的耐久性和可接受性。
多个远地数据库存贮和检查中心被通过全球高速网络24～29相互联系。来自任一数据库中心的数据可通过该网络被导引到任一个另外的中心以便更新这些数据库，提供数据的冗余度，应急备用，负载监视及交易平衡。
因为本揭示的发明的应用无需对现有的信用卡系统作任何基本实质的变动，如从当前信用卡用户的看法所知，新颖的方法将被用来开发数字照片图象数据库。一种编纂该数据库的措施将是通过使用可随意使用的照像机，该照相机将被送到表明希望参与可靠身份验证系统的信用卡用户。以之采集这种型式照片图象的措施将有助于更高层次的安全性并将最大限度地降低涉及此系统的诈骗数量。
首先，希望参与该系统的个人向数据库提供者提出请求。可替代的方法是，信用卡提供者可在其每月的会计表报中包含一应用请求给所有其信用卡客户。此参与请求将采取要求参与者个人信息的一申请表的形式，这些个人信息包括名称、地址和参与者希望结合此可靠身份验证系统应用的现有信用卡帐户。然后数据库提供者给每一申请分配一唯一的代码并发送一可随意使用的照象机到申请表上列举的地址。此代码最好采取条码形式，这将易于由提供的数据库作机器读取以便提高数据库开发中的自动化程度。
一但参与者接收来自数据提供者的照象机，他们将按照附带的指南让朋友或家庭成员用此照象机摄取参与者的至少一幅照片。此照象机最好具有足够的胶片以保证至少能摄取参与者的一个可接收的照片将其送给数据库提供者。但是，为减少与提供照象机相关的费用，它们不需要包含一标准的12张底片的胶卷。一旦摄取到照片，参与者即将照象机邮寄给数据库提供者。提供者冲洗胶片并对参与者的至少一幅照片图象加以数字化。然后此数据库提供者利用条码或其他与该特定照相机相关联的识别装置将数字图象与该专有的参与者数据进行相关。
这样，一伪造者实际上就不可能击败此系统。而且，通过使得申请人信息的提供与申请人的照片图象的提供不相关连，也能减少欺诈。而且，即使一伪造者截取一照相机，他们也必须将他们的照片送到数据库公司来战胜此系统。这是一种不可能的情况，因为数据库提供者这样就具有了一“原是一罪犯”的准确图象，它能被提供给发生欺诈犯罪事件的有关当局。
本发明人已经考虑到的数据库开发的另一可能方式是通过获取已由其他单位保存有的个人的数字照片数据。一个这样的照片数据替代来源是通过各州的Departments of Motor Vehicles (DMV，机动车局)。当前，所有的州均向居民发放驾驶执照，它不仅包含驾驶人员的其些身份数据，如姓名，地址，出生日期，社会保险号，等等，而且还含有驾驶执照领有者的照片。DMV为他们的使用保留所有领执照者的身份数据，包括驾驶员执照上的照片的复印件。各个DMV所保管的照片可利用标准技术的数字扫描仪来加以数字化并以与该可靠身份验证系统相兼容的格式存贮。
验证这些DMV照片的准确性需要采取与前述利用易于使用的照相机技术取得数字照片数据的过程稍有不同的程序。在基于此DMV的情况中，数据库提供者将在分开的各州专有源数据库中从一特定州得到并存储整个的照片数据库。数据库提供者或任一信用卡公司可发送参与请求到那些居住在其DMV数据库已被包括在提供者的主数据库中的州之内的个人。在接收到一参与请求之后，数据库提供者将送出请求的个人的数字照片用于以返回形式等验证请求方来表明此照片准确地代表请求方的样子。一旦数据库提供者接收到该照片的准确性的确认，它就将来自州专用源数据库的该特定照片传送到总数据库。同样的情况也可用于采用签名的数字表示。
熟悉本技术的人员可以想象出源自本发明的精神实质之内的各种变化，因此本发明将不局限于所示的或说明的特定实施例，它们仅不过是用于举例说明的目的。应当理解到，对本技术领域熟知的人们可以设计出属于本发明原理的精神和范畴之内的各种改型和实施方案。

Claims (28)

1.一种可靠身份验证系统，包括：
一验证终端点，具有用于接收待在一验证点被可靠地识别的人员出示的信息的装置和用于显示一第二识别信息单元的装置；
至少一远地数据库地点，在其中存储有包括多个所述识别信息单元的数据库，其中至少一个所述识别信息单元对应于在该验证终端点所接收的所述信息；和
在所述验证终端点与所述远地数据库之间进行通信以在它们之间交换信息数据的装置。
2.权利要求1中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中还包括用于证实在验证终端点的鉴别人员已对显示装置所显示的识别信息单元与待被可靠地识别的人所示的实际信息进行了比较且二者之间相符合的装置。
3.权利要求2中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中用于证实在验证终端点的鉴别人已经比较而且证实识别信息单元与待被识别的人所出示的实际信息相符的装置是一对所述鉴别人为唯一的个人识别号，它是利用一输入装置被输入进验证终端点的。
4.权利要求3所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述输入装置为多功能键盘。
5.权利要求2中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述识别信息单元为所述待被识别的人的数字照片图象。
6.权利要求2中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述识别信息单元为所述待被识别人的签名的数字化图形图象。
7.权利要求2中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中还包括用于证实所述验证终端点被授权访问所述远地数据库地点的装置。
8.权利要求7中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述验证装置为一标准呼叫方识别装置。
9.权利要求7中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述验证装置是通过所述验证终端点传送到所述数据库地点以开启数据库地点供访问的软件关键字。
10.权利要求1中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述通信装置包括通过一数据流通路与位于所述数据库地点之一的一调制解码器进行通信的验证调制解调器点。
11.权利要求10中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述数据流通路包括公共访问电话线路。
12.权利要求10中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述数据流通路为一专用的广域网。
13.权利要求10中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述数据流通路为卫星通信链路。
14.一种可靠身份验证系统，  用于验证一信用卡出示者是所述信用卡的所有人，包括：
一验证终端点，包括用于接收所述出示者所出示的帐户信息的装置，所述信息与一信用卡帐户相关；
一远地数据库存贮和检索地点，用于存贮、检索、处理和传送数字图象，所述图象被存贮在所述远地数据库地点，每一存贮在所述远地数据库地点的所述图象与至少一信用卡帐户相关连；
用于在验证终端点与远地数据库装置之间进行通信的装置；
用于验证所述验证终端点是被授权访问存贮在所述远地数据库地点的所述信息的装置；
用于发送所述帐户信息至所述远地数据库地点的装置；
用于检索与所述信用卡帐户相关的所述数字图象的装置；
用于在所述验证终端点显示所述数字图象的装置；和
用于在验证终端点输入信息以指明鉴别人在该验证终端点目测证实显示装置上显示的数字图象与为应用而出示信用卡的人员的实际外貌相符的装置。
15.权利要求14中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述数字图象为被授权使用所述信用卡的人员的数字照片。
16.权利要求14中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述数字图象为被授权使用所述信用卡的人员的数字化签名。
17.权利要求14中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述用于接收所述信用卡帐户信息的装置为用于读取标准的与信用卡相关的磁条的磁条阅读器，所述磁条含有所述信用卡帐户信息。
18.权利要求14中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述用于接收所述信用卡帐户信息的装置为用于读取与信用卡相关的条码的条码阅读器，所述条码含有所述信用卡帐户信息。
19.权利要求14中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述用于接收所述信用卡帐户信息的装置为多功能键盘。
20.一种保证一信用卡出示者是被授权使用所述信用卡的可靠身份验证系统，包括：
一信用卡阅读器装置，由商店售货员使用来接收信用卡帐户信息，所述信用卡阅读器置于一售货和身份验证点；
一远地数据库装置，用于存贮对个人为唯一的数字图象数据，每一所述数字图象均与指定的信用卡帐户信息相关连；
一用于在所述信用卡阅读器与所述远地数据库装置之间进行通信以便将所述信用卡帐户信息从所述卡阅读器传送到所述数据库装置且用于将在所述数据库存贮装置与所述被传送的帐户信息相关连的数字图象数据传送到所述卡阅读器的装置；
一用于在验证点显示所述被接收的数字图象数据供所述售货员目测观察来与在身份验证点由所述出示者所出示的实际信息进行比较的装置；和
一用于接收自所述售货员的输入以指明所述显示装置上显示的数字图象数据已进行了比较并与所述使用卡出示者所出示的实际数据相符的用户装置。
21.权利要求20中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中所述的与所述指定的信用卡帐户信息相关的唯一的数字图象数据是所述信用卡的至少一个授权使用者的至少一个数字照片图象，且信用卡的出示者所出示的实际数据为所述出示者的实际外貌。
22.权利要求20中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中与所述指定的信用卡帐户信息相关的所述唯一数字图象数据为所述信用卡的至少一被授权使用者的至少一签名的至少一数字化图形图象，且由所述出示者所出示的实际数据为手写体签名。
23.一种可靠身份验证系统，包括：
远离一身份验证点的一数据库存贮和检索地点，所述数据库地点存储对应于多个待被可靠地识别的人员的数字图象数据，所述图象数据的各单元对应于至少一种形式的对待被识别的人为唯一的实际数据且还对应于由所述待被识别的人所出示的至少一个信息单元；
一用于建立所述数据库地点与所述验证点之间的通信的装置，所述通信装置能接收和传送所述被出示的信息单元到所述数据库地点；
一检索装置，检索所述数据库以找到对应于由所述数据库接收的所述被出示的信息单元的所述数字图象数据。
一用于将所述数字图象数据传送到验证点的装置；和
一在所述验证点用于显示从所述数据库地点传送到验证点的所述数字图象数据的装置。
24.权利要求20中所要求的可靠身份验证系统，其中还包括用于证实在验证终端点的鉴定人已将显示装置所显示的所述数字图象数据与对待被可靠地识别的人为唯一的所述实际信息进行了比较且二者之间相符合的装置。
25.一种可靠身份验证的方法，包括步骤：
将由待被以可靠地识别的出示者出示的第一信息单元输入进验证终端点；
在所述验证终端点与一远地数据库地点之间建立通信，所述数据库地点在其中存放有包括多个识别信息单元的数据库，所述识别信息单元中的至少一个对应于在所述验证终端点输入的所述第一信息单元；
证实该验证终端点被授权访问一远地数据库地点；
通过一通信装置将所述第一信息单元从所述终端传送到所述远地数据库地点；
检索至少一个对应于被传送到所述数据库地点的所述第一信息单元的所述识别信息单元；
通过通信装置将所述识别信息单元传送到所述验证终端点；
在位于所述身份验证点的显示装置上显示从所述数据库地点接收的所述识别信息；
将所述被显示的识别信息与在验证点由出示者所出示的实际信息进行比较；
将鉴定人特定数据输入进验证终端点表明此鉴定人已将显示的识别信息与由出示人所出示的实际信息进行了比较且此被出示的实际信息与显示的信息相符；
将所述鉴定人特定数据传送和存贮在所述远地数据库地点以供今后在可靠识别交易被产生疑问时调用。
26.权利要求25中所要求的可靠身份验证的方法，其中所述第一信息单元为信用卡账号。
27.权利要求25中所要求的可靠身份验证的方法，其中所述识别信息单元是具有实际外形的出示者的数字照片图象，且其中所出示的所述实际信息为出示者的实际外形。
28.权利要求25中所要求的可靠身份验证的方法，其中所述识别信息单元为出示者的签名的数字化图形图象且其中所出示的所述实际信息为出示者在身份验证点所给出的手写签名。
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US5790674A (en) 1998-08-04
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US5657389A (en) 1997-08-12
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