CN1147760A - 三分段式卫生巾 - Google Patents

三分段式卫生巾 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1147760A
CN1147760A CN94195087A CN94195087A CN1147760A CN 1147760 A CN1147760 A CN 1147760A CN 94195087 A CN94195087 A CN 94195087A CN 94195087 A CN94195087 A CN 94195087A CN 1147760 A CN1147760 A CN 1147760A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
absorbent article
sanitary towel
interlude
article core
lateral segment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN94195087A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN1104875C (zh
Inventor
拉尔夫·R·埃米纳克
查尔斯·W·小阿莫斯
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Publication of CN1147760A publication Critical patent/CN1147760A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1104875C publication Critical patent/CN1104875C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

一种具有吸湿芯的卫生巾,其吸湿芯沿纵向分为三段,中间段的两侧各与一个外侧段相接。吸湿芯由一单张棉纸制成,该单张棉纸纵侧边折回以使外侧段形成两层厚度,而中间段为单层厚度。外侧段的两层最好粘接在一起。吸湿凝胶材料布置在各外侧段上。中间段基本上没有吸湿凝胶材料。卫生巾还最好包括放置在顶片和吸湿芯之间的一可渗透液体的第二顶片。第二顶片也基本上没有吸湿凝胶材料。

Description

三分段式卫生巾
本发明涉及卫生巾,特别涉及经变形使穿用者感到舒适并能可靠地截取经血的卫生巾。
卫生巾的现有技术是众所周知的。卫生巾用于截取流出的经血,因此防止穿用者的衣物和被褥被经血弄脏。
然而,卫生巾在使用过程中可能也确实会聚拢和打卷。这种现象将减少卫生巾的吸湿面积,会使经血弄脏穿用者的内裤并使穿用者感到不舒服。
解决这个问题的一个尝试是提供一种卫生巾,该卫生巾具有在穿用者运动时防止变形的装置。这样的抗变形方式是由使卫生巾具有抗挤压性而实观的。抗挤压性与卫生巾在使用过程中抵抗在其纵向边缘的抗挤压的能力有关,以减少不希望卫生巾出现的变曲、折皱和折叠。据说具有抗挤压性能的卫生巾在使用过程中不会聚拢或打卷。1980年8月19日颁布的Bradstreet等人的4217901号美国专利提供了一种宣称具有抗挤压性能的卫生巾。
对这种方式所进行的改进是提供具有高柔韧性和高吸湿能力的卫生巾。这样的卫生巾最好是薄的且与穿用者的身体非常一致。薄的、高柔韧性的、高吸湿能力的卫生巾是卫生巾中最好的一种。相对较薄的卫生巾使穿用者在使用时很少意识到。高柔韧性的卫生巾使穿用者感到非常舒适且卫生巾不会伸到紧身衣的外面。高吸湿能力的卫生巾可以在整个月经期间均使用它。
如前述的Bradstreet等人的4217901号美国专利揭示了这样一种高柔韧性、高吸湿能力的卫生巾,该卫生巾与穿用者的身体相一致,并随其运动,而不是阻止穿用者的活动或施加给她作用力。这种布置的优点是使穿用者更为舒适,且不会无意识地减少吸湿面积。这样的卫生巾近年已获得极大的商业成功,并且是根据Osborn,III的1990年8年21日授权的4950264号美国专利和Osborn,III的1991年8月23日授权的5009653号美国专利制造的。上述美国专利4950264号和5009653号在此做为参考资料引用。
然而,仍然需要一种薄型、高柔韧性、高吸湿能力的卫生巾,它具有比根据美国专利4950264号和5009653号制造的卫生巾更强的抗挤压性。这样一种卫生巾必须避免给穿用者的大腿根部施加无意的或不舒适的横向压力,而且还与穿用者的身体相一致。可以达到此目的的一种方法是使卫生巾纵向消弱,结果形成一消弱线如一链接线。
在现有技术中的这样一种尝试是提供一纵向链接卫生巾,如1976年5月4日授权给Chesky等人的3954107号美国专利揭示了这种方法。Chesky等人的卫生巾没有一个整张的平顶片。顶片被一个倒T形沟槽分开。这种布置要求卫生巾的厚度超过所需的厚度,因而使穿用者感到不舒适。
在现有技术中的另一种尝试是提供一种有纵沟的卫生巾。例如1989年1月3日授权的Luceri等人的4795455号美国专利公开了一种卫生巾垫衬,在衬片上几乎沿整个衬片的长度方向上有一个纵向凹凸沟槽。这种布置在中部提供了一个高密度区域,据称改进了流体的纵向分布。然而,这种布置有个缺点,即流体不能被适当横向地吸入沟槽横向外侧的蓄积区域中。
Luceri等人的另一个实施例示出在卫生巾垫衬两面对置的沟槽。这种布置的缺点是,卫生巾在上凹或下凹处易于弯曲,从而无法预测卫生巾的性能。
一个类似的尝试是,1977年11月22日授权的Richards的4059114号美国专利,它揭示了具有网状结构的吸湿垫。这种布置使卫生巾的顶表面再次出现凹凸结构,并且如上所述它取决于流体的传输特性。此外,卫生巾顶部的沟槽式凹凸结构,使其易于在上凹处弯曲而不是在上凸处弯曲。又一类似尝试可以从1987年4月7日授权的Romans-Hess等人的4655759号美国专利中找到,该专利揭示了一种在纵向侧边缘附近有凹凸沟槽的卫生巾以使侧边浸透最小,并消除泄漏及允许卫生巾的边缘部份在使用期间向上弯折。
在现有技术中也有其它一些尝试,即是给卫生巾的顶表面提供纵向消弱线,这些尝试包括下述美国专利:1967年9月26日授权给Glassman的3343543号专利、1971年4月20日授权给Mogor的3575174号专利以及1989年6月20日授权给Kamstrup-Larsen的4840692号专利。然而,这些布置揭示的都是具有多根消弱线和/或相对较厚的卫生巾。多根消弱线不需要卫生巾沿中心隆起。厚卫生巾的缺点上文已述。
在现有技术中也有另外的尝试,即,是使卫生巾沿纵向消弱,这样的卫生巾揭示于下述美国专利:1992年12月15日授权给Buell的5171302号专利和1993年3月30日授权给Buell的5197959号专利。这些参考资料揭示了具有抗弯曲变形元件的卫生巾,这些元件使卫生巾在使用时具有上凸形状。这种上凸形状借助于来自穿用者大腿根部的横向压力而保持着。
在现有技术中还进行了一些尝试,它们并不是靠纵向凹凸沟槽来改善流体分布的。例如,1980年7月15日授权给Karami的4212302号美国专利,揭示了具有水解胶体材料的吸湿品,该材料放置在与垫片流体接收区分开的侧边缘区和端部边缘区。流体接收区是在垫片的中心部位,并且基本没有水解胶质材料。然而,这种布置的困难之处在于:同时在纵向和横向布置有水解胶质材料而中间不布置这种材料。为解决这个问题,Karami需要增加一个制作步骤,即将附着水解胶体材料的表面首先要浸湿。即使有此附加制作步骤,如果Karami水解胶质材料靠近吸湿品的顶片,那么水解胶质材料仍然有与穿用者皮肤接触的危险。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种吸湿面积不依赖抗挤压性能来保持的卫生巾。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有不同柔韧性的卫生巾,从而横向链接替代了横向抗挤压性能。本发明的再一个目的是提供一种不依赖于凹凸线取得足够流体传输性的卫生巾。
本发明包括一种吸湿芯。该吸湿芯具有相互垂直的纵向和横向中线。吸湿芯由沿纵向的三分段组成,中间段具有第一厚度,中间段的两侧各与一个外侧段相接。外侧段具有第二厚度。中间段的第一厚度比外侧段的第二厚度薄。吸湿凝胶材料布置在各外侧段上,而中间段基本上没有吸湿凝胶材料。当吸湿芯受到横向压力时,它的中间段会隆起。
吸湿芯可以由一层棉纸,最好是含气棉纸组成。吸湿芯具有可以折回的纵向侧边,因而当纵向侧边折回时,在外侧段形成两层厚度并限定了外侧段,而中间段为单层厚度,并在棉纸的纵向两侧边之间形成了一个间距。
吸湿凝胶材料布置在各外侧段上,而中间段基本上没有吸湿凝胶材料。吸湿凝胶材料最好用粘接剂定位。粘接剂使吸湿芯外侧段硬化,因而当吸湿芯受到横向压力时,其中间段将隆起。
这种吸湿芯特别适用于卫生巾。当使用卫生巾时,吸湿芯及整个卫生巾将会沿中间段隆起并成为上凸形。
图1是根据本发明卫生巾的顶视图,其中一部分被剖开;
图2是沿图1中没有剖开部分的2-2线剖开的剖面图,且为了清晰起见,示出的吸湿芯与第二顶片之间有一定间距;
图3示出图2的卫生巾使用时的情况,所示出的是,当吸湿芯中间段隆起时,其形状与穿用者体形相一致。
在此使用“吸湿用品”一词是指吸收和容纳人体流出物的装置,特别是指贴近穿用者的身体或在离身体非常近处吸收和容纳人体各种排泄物的装置。在此使用“一次性的”一词是指不打算通过洗涤或恢复再次作为吸湿品使用的吸湿用品(即,在一次使用之后打算将它们丢弃,并且最好是将它们回收、制肥处理或用其它环境允许的方法处理)。一个“整体”吸湿用品是指由几个分开的部件组合在一起形成合并的整体式吸湿品,因而不需分开操作各个部分如分开的保持件和垫片。本发明的一次性整体吸湿品的最佳实施例是月经垫片,即示于图1的卫生巾20。在此使用“卫生巾”一词是指一种吸湿品,它被女性穿着在靠近阴部区域,通常是在尿殖区的外端,它准备用于吸收和容纳月经流体和阴道其它排泄物和来自穿用者体内的其它排泄物(如血、月经和尿)。一部分在穿用者的生殖器之内,一部分在其外的唇状装置也属于本发明的范围。然而,应当理解,本发明还可用作其它妇女卫生用品或月经垫片(如尿布衬)或其它吸湿用品(如失禁垫片和类似用品)。
图1示出本发明的卫生巾20的顶视图,其中,卫生巾20是处于扁平状态,其部分结构被剖开以便更清楚地示出卫生巾20的构成,另外,图中卫生巾20朝向或与穿用者接触的一面对着读者。如图1所示,卫生巾20最好包括一个可渗透液体的顶片24、一个连接到顶片24上的不可渗透液体的底片26和一个在顶片24和底片26之间的吸湿芯28。吸湿芯28有两个主面,第一主面朝向顶片24,第二主面朝向底片26。根据本发明的卫生巾20最好还包括一个可选择的第二顶片25。第二顶片最好放置在吸湿芯28和顶片24之间。
卫生巾20有两条中线,纵向中线0-0,和横向中线A-A。本文中所用“纵向”一词是指卫生巾20中的一个平面内的一条线、轴或方向,它与一垂直面对中(例如基本上平行于该垂直面),当使用卫生巾20时,该垂直面将一站立的穿用者的身体等分为左右两个部分。本文中“横向”和“侧向”两词是可以互换的,是指卫生巾20中的一个平面内的一条线、轴或方向,它通常垂直于纵向。  Z向既垂直于卫生巾20的纵向中线又垂直于横向中线,它从卫生巾20的平面向外延伸,并由纵向中线0-0和横向中线A-A限定。
与纵向中线0-0平行的卫生巾20的长边是卫生巾20的纵向边缘区域。与纵向边缘区域连接的卫生巾20的端部是卫生巾20的横向端部。总之,卫生巾20的纵向边缘区域和横向端部限定了它的周边。
尽管顶片24、底片26和吸湿芯28可以组装成各种众所周知的构造(包括所谓“管”式或护翼构造),但是卫生巾的构造最好与下述美国专利所述的构造一致,这些专利是:1990年8月21日授权给Osborn的标题为“薄型柔韧性卫生巾”的4950264号专利、1964年1月10日授权给DesMarais的标题为“复合卫生巾”的4425130号专利、1982年3月30日授权给Ahr的标题为“镶边一次性吸湿用品”的4321924号专利、1987年8月18日授权给Van Tilbur的标题为“带有护翼的成形卫生巾”的4589876号专利。这些专利在此作为参考资料引用。图1示出了卫生巾20的一个最佳实施例,其中顶片24和底片26的长宽尺寸均大于吸湿芯28的长宽尺寸。顶片24和底片26超出了吸湿芯28的边部,因此不仅形成了边缘部分而且当需要时还可成为护翼(未示出)。
吸湿芯28可以是任何能够吸湿或存贮液体(如经血和/或尿液)的吸湿用品。吸湿芯28可以制成各种尺寸和形状(如矩形、椭圆形、水漏形(hourglass)、狗骨形、非对称形等等),并可由常用于卫生巾的许多种液体吸收材料制成,如棉纸,特别是含气棉纸。其它适合的吸湿材料的例子包括:通常称作含气粘、多皱植物纤维填料的细木纸桨;含有合成物的熔吹聚合物;化学硬化、改质或截面连接的植物纤维;合成纤维(例如卷曲聚酯或聚烯纤维);泥灰沼;吸湿泡沫;吸湿海绵;超级吸湿聚合物;吸湿凝胶材料42;或任何等价材料或这类材料的组合物。
吸湿芯28的形状和结构也可以是多种形式(例如吸湿芯28可以是不同厚度(例如形状可以使中部是厚的或是薄的)、不同亲水能力、不同超级吸湿能力、或较低密度和获得的基重平均值较低;或可以包括一层或多层结构)。然而,吸湿芯28的总吸湿能力应当与卫生巾20的设计载荷和预计使用相一致。此外,吸湿芯28的尺寸和吸湿能力适合各种不同用途,例如失禁垫片、尿布衬、常规卫生巾或夜用卫生巾。
参照图2,吸湿芯28包括三分段,其中中间段31与两外侧段30相接。中间段31最好与纵向中线0-0平行且沿其对称分布。外侧段30与中间段31并列,并且可以形成吸湿芯28的纵向侧边。中间段31的柔韧性最好优于外侧段30,因而当卫生巾20受到来自穿用者大腿根部的横向压力时在外侧段30产生大变形之前,卫生巾20可在中间段31处且沿整个中间段31变形。
吸湿芯28最好包括一个含气棉纸,它可以进行C形折叠,以便使外侧段30为两层厚度,而中间段31为一层厚度。两个外侧段30最好是相对于纵向中线0-0对称分布,并且尺寸相同。然而,中间段31和外侧段30的宽度不一定相等。中间段31的宽度可以比外侧段30窄,以确保在下述方面具有足够的能力。如果中间段31的宽度比外侧段30窄,那么卫生巾20更加与穿用者的体形相一致。此外,较窄的中间段31使吸湿芯28具有更高的吸湿能力,因此对于大流量起更大的防护作用。
对于根据本发明的卫生巾20来说,吸湿芯的宽度可以为50~70mm。中间段31的宽度范围可以为0~30mm,最好是5~12mm宽,而每个外侧段30的宽度范围为13~35mm。此外,外侧段30的边部可以是相连的,也可以相互间距3mm,或如本文所述的最佳实施例,彼此之间有一个5~12mm的间隙40(如上所述)。此间隙40限定了中间段31。
外侧段30的边部可以是直的且平行于纵向中线0-0(如图所示),或可以是弧形的。弧形边部既可以是凹向纵向中线0-0,也可以是从该中线向外凸。如果选择弧形边缘,那么吸湿凝胶材料42应该限制在外侧段30的最窄处,从而使吸湿凝胶材料42不受束缚和与穿用者皮肤接触的可能性最小。或者,边部也可以是朝向卫生巾20的某一端部逐渐变窄的锥形。
间隙40最好是向底片26延伸。这使吸湿芯28的正面朝向顶片24,从而成为基本上是平的面。
吸湿芯的边部可以是直的,也是弧形的且是从纵向中线0-0处外凹。如果选择了具有纵向弧线形侧边的水漏形吸湿芯28,那么吸湿芯的宽度应该在最窄处测量。
吸湿芯28最好还包括在已知技术中所述的吸湿凝胶材料42。中间段31最好基本上没有吸湿凝胶材料42,以便增强液体的纵向分布。此外,如果中间段31基本上没有吸湿凝胶材料42,那么材料42与皮肤直接接触造成的潜在危害性减少。虽然未必发生,但是这种潜在危害是可能的,因为中间段31的单层厚度不能完全防止吸湿凝胶材料42透过可渗透液体的顶片24。另外,用传统制造工艺将吸湿凝胶材料42粘结到具有单层厚度的中间段31上可能比较困难。如果与外侧段30相连,吸湿凝胶材料42可以沿吸湿芯28的整个宽度分布,包括中间段31。
如上所述,外侧段30最好如上所述具有两层厚度。特别是外侧吸湿段30最好是通过折回棉纸吸湿芯28的纵向侧边形成的。由于吸湿芯28的外侧段30是通过折回纵向边部材料形成的,因此,吸湿凝胶材料42从外侧段30中横向向外逸出的机会最小。如果吸湿凝胶材料42变成可横向向内移动,那么它们还将受到粘接剂或如上所述的中间段31的单层厚度的阻止而无法移动到皮肤处。
容纳在外侧段30中的吸湿凝胶材料42最好用粘接剂定位。粘接剂可以采用全部喷涂法或微型图案打印法,喷涂可以是交界式也可以是不交界式螺线,或喷涂成不规则熔吹式图案。一般最好采用交界式螺线,这种布置可防止外侧段30变得太硬并且在加工时容易控制,还能够防止粘接剂进入中间段31。
将粘接剂涂于外侧段30内部有三个目的。首先,粘接剂能够将棉纸的两层粘在一起,形成外侧段30,制成层状结构,这种层状结构相对于中间段31具有硬化外侧段30的效果。硬化是由于棉纸具有多层片且粘接剂比棉纸更硬的缘故。由于外侧段30附加有层片及粘接剂较硬,因此使中间段31比外侧段30的柔韧性好。这种布置的优点在于使卫生巾与穿用者的体形一致且更加舒适,同时还提供了在月经期内容纳足够月经量的能力。
第二,虽然外侧段30比中间段31硬,但是卫生巾的总体结构不必太硬,以避免穿用者感到不舒服。整体结构较硬的卫生巾是已知的且是现有技术所用的。然而如今随着具有高吸湿能力、高柔韧性卫生巾在商业上获得成功,消费者已期望得到整体结构具有柔韧性并且还与穿用者体形相一致的卫生巾。
如果使用压敏热熔粘接剂粘接两层外侧段30,并且放置AGM直接与热熔粘接剂相接触,那么可避免使用先前技术的抗挤压结构方式。特别是,前述的Bradstreet等人的4217901号美国专利要求将热作用在与吸湿凝胶材料42相对的吸湿芯28的一侧。Bradstreet等人的布置据说将引起水分迁移,因此形成具有抗挤压性能的卫生巾。为了避免形成Bradstreet等人的抗挤压卫生巾,在热熔粘接剂和吸湿凝胶材料时热源必须集中,因而不会出现使水分迁移和粘结形成。
第三,粘接剂有助于将吸湿凝胶材料截留并粘接到吸湿芯28内。这种布置极大限度地减少了为防止吸湿凝胶材料直接与穿用者皮肤接触而需做的安全工作。
参照图3,外侧段30的折叠操作最好使朝向顶片24的卫生巾20的第一主面基本上是平的,由单层厚度的中间段31形成的吸湿芯28的未受载部分朝向底片26。这种布置的优点在于,卫生巾更为均匀,并且当从可渗透液体的顶片24观看时(假设没有第二顶片25)有一个美观的外观,更重要的是可以事先设置成上凸形,并在使用期间有可能成为W形截面。此外,这种布置有可能在吸湿凝胶材料42的松落颗粒和可渗透液体的顶片24之间提供一个屏障。
为使卫生巾20在使用时易于成为上凸形,可将吸湿芯28与底片26连接。纵向延伸的粘接剂将吸湿芯28的外侧段30连接到底片26上。用这种方法,中间段31可独立于底片26自由移动并因此在某种有限程度上不与底片26连接。将吸湿芯28的外侧段30粘接到底片26的粘接剂的宽度范围最好为1~20mm,从而使粘接剂的宽度不至与粘接到底片26的外侧段30同宽。理想的是这样的粘接剂能使卫生巾形成W形,而不会使卫生巾出现过度硬化。
吸湿芯28最好是用棉纸制成,尤其最好是用含气棉纸制成。含气棉纸优于含水棉纸,因为它有较高的抗湿强度,可避免因湿损坏并且内部空隙较大。这种棉纸的性能适于制作根据本发明的卫生巾20。特别是,棉纸的抗湿强度最好是在ASTM标准D829-49的条件下确定至少为100克/cm,因此这种棉纸能够在被月经浸湿后从横向压缩状态下恢复。
将棉纸制成凹凸纹以提高强度。棉纸基重可为30-40磅/3000平方英尺。威斯康星州格林贝市的Fort Howard公司出产一种高适应性棉纸,级别为817。
重新参照图1,卫生巾20最好还配备有如上所述的第二顶片25。第二顶片25可由与吸湿芯28相同的棉纸材料制成。这样就为加工提供了方便条件。如果需要,第二顶片25的亲水性及密度可小于吸湿芯28所用材料,因此,不会导致妨碍流体传输性能。
第二顶片25最好为单层,以使卫生巾的厚度不会增加到不适当的或不需要的厚度。第二顶片25可以是狗骨形,以便为穿用者提供美观的外形。这种布置也具有这样的优点:当穿用者大腿根部侧向挤压根据本发明的卫生巾20时,横向放置在吸湿芯28外侧的第二顶片25的任何部分都首先与穿用者大腿根部相接触,并可根据所施加的侧向压力变形。这种布置的优点在于卫生巾20在使用期间挤压力并不显著。
第二顶片25最好不含吸湿凝胶材料42,因此,使可能出现的凝胶阻塞情况最小,且流体传输性能不会受到危及。即使不使用吸湿凝胶材料42,第二顶片25将会有助于增加卫生巾20的整体吸湿能力。
如果需要,可以通过螺线粘接、熔吹粘接或全部喷涂将第二顶片25与顶片24粘接起来。最好采用全部喷涂,因为这种布置可使第二顶片25与顶片24之间保持紧密接触,并可促进流体在其间的吸附。然而,非常重要的是,这种粘接剂不会对顶片24的孔隙有不利的影响,也不会将其堵塞。
将第二顶片25粘接到顶片24上的优点是,第二顶片25和吸湿芯28不会变成组合在一起的叠层。第二顶片25和吸湿芯28分别与其外部元件即顶片24和底片26相连接。
底片26不能渗透液体并且最好用塑料薄膜加工而成,尽管也可以使用其它柔韧的不渗透液体的材料。在此使用“柔韧的”(材料)一词是指那些柔软的可以与人体的大致形状和轮廓一致的材料。底片26防止吸收及容纳在吸湿芯28之中的排泄物弄脏穿用者的衣物和被褥。底片26还可以是薄膜覆层无纺材料。底片26最好是约0.012mm(0.5密耳)至约0.051mm(2.0密耳)厚的聚乙稀薄膜。典型的聚乙稀薄膜是由俄亥俄州辛辛那提市的Clopay公司制造的牌号为P-18-1401的商品和弗吉尼亚州里士满市Tredegar公司制造的牌号为X8297的商品。
底片26的内表面朝向吸湿芯28,外表面朝向与.之相反的地方。底片26的外表面朝向且在使用中与穿用者内裤相接触。如果需要,粘接条34可与底片26的外表面粘接,以便于将卫生巾20粘贴到穿用者内裤上。
将底片26粘贴到穿用者内裤上的粘接条34最好是对称于纵向和横向中线0-0和A-A的两条平行的条。这样的粘接条最好不沿着纵向中线0-0分布,从而不会对卫生巾20的预先进行图3所示的上凸形状处理产生有害影响。这样的粘接条可根据1992年3月19日公开的PaPa等人的WO92/04000号国际专利提供形状和外形。
顶片24是可弯曲的,感觉柔软的且对穿用者的皮肤无刺激。此外,顶片24是能渗透液体的,允许液体(如经血和/或尿液)沿其厚度方向渗透。一块适当的顶片24可以用有孔隙的薄膜、泡沫或天然或合成纤维制成的纺织或无纺材料加工制成。一块最佳的顶片24可用有孔隙的薄膜制成,这样的薄膜在下述美国专利中进行了描述:1975年12月30日授权给Thompson的标题为“具有锥形毛细管的吸湿结构”的3929135号专利;1982年4月13日授权给Mullane等人的标题为“具有抗沾污顶片的一次性吸湿用品”的4324246号专利;1982年8月3日授权给Radel等人的标题为“展示类纤维性能的弹性塑料网”的4342314号专利;1984年7月31日授权给Ahr等人的标题为“展现非光泽可见表面和棉感觉的网三维尺寸的宏观扩大”的4463045号专利和1991年4月9日授权给Baird的标题为“多层聚合膜”的5006394号专利。这些专利在此均作为参考资料引用。本发明的最佳顶片是在上述一个或多个专利中进行描述了的成形薄膜,它是由俄亥俄州辛辛那提市的Procter&Gamble公司作为“DRI-WEAVE”卫生巾20出售的。
底片26和顶片24分别定位在吸湿芯28的第一和第二主面附近,因而吸湿芯28在底片26和顶片24的中间。底片26和顶片24最好通过粘接方式(未示出),如现有技术中已知方法彼此粘接起来。在令人满意的粘接方式中已发现粘接剂是由明尼达州圣保罗市H.B.Fuller公司生产的,牌号为HL-1258或H2031。粘接件最好包括一粘接剂细丝组成的开式网,如同1986年3月4日授权给Minetola的标题为“一次性的容废外罩”的4573896号专利所公开的,在此它作为参考资料引用。其它粘接方式包括加热、施压、超声波和动态机械粘接。
在本发明的另一实施例中,卫生巾20有两片护翼(未示出),每片护翼都是横向伸到卫生巾20纵向侧边缘区域之外。护翼最好是沿着内裤边缘部形成双层屏障来防止经血弄脏内裤。护翼最好具备能粘贴到衣物表面的功能,这样它们就能够卷到内裤边缘部的下面。用这种方式,护翼可使卫生巾20保持在适当的位置上。
护翼可用多种材料制成,包括用于顶片24、底片26的材料或同时采用这两种材料,并制成层状结构,棉纸夹在中间。此外护翼可以是连接到卫生巾20主体上的分开组件或可由顶片24和/或底片26伸出部分组成。最佳护翼可根据1986年3月20日授权给Van Tilburg4589876号美国专利或1987年8月18日授权给Van Tilburg的4687478号美国专利制造。这两个专利在此均作为参者资料引用。
根据本发明的卫生巾20的抗挤压强度最好小于上述的Bradstreet等人的4217901号美国专利规定的1.0磅/平方英寸,该专利在此作为参考资料引用以便展示如何进行抗挤压试验。为使这个试验更加清楚,必须考虑下述条件,进行挤压试验时,将根据本发明的卫生巾20碾轧成底片26朝外的圆柱形。圆柱是通过连接吸湿芯28的端部获得的,或者通过卫生巾20的其它能用的含有吸湿凝胶材料42的组件获得的。如果吸湿芯28的端部不平行于横向中线A-A,那么在保持卫生巾20的纵向中线0-0与纵向平行的同时进行连接时,首先接触的吸湿芯28的端部决定着圆柱的直径。
如果需要,一小块窄带,例如Scotch牌810号窄带可用来保持住卫生巾20的圆柱形。窄带大约1/2~3/4英寸宽,1~3/2英寸长,沿卫生巾20的纵向中线0-0方向使用它,其中点在吸湿芯28端部连接处。
将圆柱体放入Instron拉伸机内,该机的负载元件的分辨率为1.0克。然后在Instron机内的圆柱体受到以20英寸/分钟速度作用的十字头的挤压,并且负载-偏斜曲线记录在以20英寸/分钟速度出图的图形记录仪上。如果卫生巾20不能保持试验时的立直状态,那么可以使用一个探针或一把尺子以使卫生巾20稳定地立在其纵向边部上,直到运动的十字头与卫生巾20完全接触。
从图形记录仪的负载-偏斜曲线可以找到两个数值。第一个数值是以克为单位的峰值作用力。峰值作用力对应着卫生巾20吸湿芯28所在点,因此,此时整个卫生巾20全聚拢了。一般来说,峰值作用力是卫生巾20开始压缩成固体物质前记录下来的最大作用力。
第二个数值是负载-偏斜曲线在就要到达峰值作用力之前所演示的最后一个弯曲点。此弯曲点也是以克为单位测量的,并且用任何传统的计算机程序,扩展图程序或具有求导功能的图形记录仪均可找到此点。为了简化寻找此弯曲点的工作,负载-偏斜曲线可作为模拟电压直接输入计算机并由此找到此弯曲点。
在本文中所用的负载-偏斜曲线的此弯曲点的使用与普通微积分确定的当曲线变化时凹陷处出现的结果相一致,并且所找到的点所在处的曲线两次导数等于零。在此所用的弯曲点的更详细的讨论可从Leithold编写的《运用几何的微积分》一书第二版,1972年印刷册,始于第227页标题为“凹处与弯曲点”的第4.10部分中找到,该书在此作为参考资料引用。
卫生巾20有两个抗挤压数据,一个是抗挤压峰值,一个是弯曲点抗挤压力。两个抗挤压数据均可通过将适当的读数转换获得,即将以克为单位的或是峰值或是弯曲点转换成以磅为单位。
可以计算出所用十字头的面积。此面积是通过将吸湿芯28的长度乘以整个卫生巾20的厚度得出的。如果吸湿芯28在纵向上是不均匀的,那么可以使用与纵向中线0-0平行的最大测量值。
卫生巾20的厚度可通过在0.016磅/平方英寸限定压力下对卫生巾20的一英寸直径面积进行测量获得。这样的小限定压力已确信在找到计算弯曲点的厚度方面是唯一适合的。根据本发明的卫生巾20通过这样的测量其厚度较好是小于3.5mm,更好是小于3.3mm,尤其最好是小于3.0mm。
然后将以磅为单位的读数除以以平方英寸为单位的面积以得出抗挤压峰值或弯曲点抗挤压力--取决于从事计算的人使用哪个数值。对此技术熟悉的人将会了解,根据上述计算,随着厚度减薄,表观抗挤压力将提高。根据本发明的卫生巾20的抗挤压力较好小于0.6磅/平方英寸,最好小于0.5磅/平方英寸。根据本发明的卫生巾20的弯曲点抗挤压力较好小于0.5磅/平方英寸,最好小于0.4磅/平方英寸。非常明显的是,上述卫生巾的许多其它形状、结合体和替代物都是可行的,这样的所有变形都在本权利要求范围内。

Claims (10)

1、一种用于卫生巾的吸湿芯,所述吸湿芯具有相互垂直的纵向和横向中线,并且所述吸湿芯包括:
沿纵向排列的三个段,其中中间段具有第一厚度,中间段的两侧各与一个外侧段相接,各外侧段具有第二厚度,其特征是所述中间段的第一厚度比所述外侧段的第二厚度薄;
吸湿凝胶材料布置在所述各外侧段上,而所述中间段基本上没有所述吸湿凝胶材料,其特征是当所述吸湿芯受到横向压力时,该中间段会隆起。
2、根据权利要求1所述的吸湿芯,其特征是所述吸湿芯包括一单片棉纸,所述棉纸最好具有纵向侧边,并且纵侧边折回以形成所述外侧段的两层厚度,而所述中间段为单层厚度,并且所述棉纸尤其最好是含气棉纸。
3、根据权利要求2所述的吸湿芯,其特征是所述吸湿凝胶材料布置在所述各外侧段的两层棉纸之间,并且所述吸湿凝胶材料最好用粘接剂定位。
4、根据权利要求2和3所述的吸湿芯,其特征是所述吸湿芯的一面为一连续表面,在与其相对的一面有一个间距,所述间距是由所述外侧段形成的且在外侧段的两边部之间。
5、一种具有相互垂直的纵向和横向中线的卫生巾,所述卫生巾包括,一个可渗透液体的顶片、一个连接到顶片上的不可渗透液体的底片和一个在所述顶片和所述底片之间的吸湿芯,所述吸湿芯包括:
沿纵向排列的三个段,其特征是所述中间段沿所述卫生巾的纵向中线布置,所述中间段具有第一厚度,中间段的两侧各与一个外侧段相接,各外侧段具有第二厚度,其特征是所述中间段的第一厚度比所述外侧段的第二厚度薄;
吸湿凝胶材料布置在所述各外侧段上,所述中间段基本上没有所述吸湿凝胶材料,其特征是当吸湿芯受到横向压力时,它的中间段会隆起。
6、根据权利要求5所述的卫生巾,进一步包括放置在所述顶片和吸湿芯之间的一可渗透液体的第二顶片。
7、根据权利要求6所述的卫生巾,其特征在于所述第二顶片包括一棉纸,其中,所述第二顶片棉纸的亲水性最好低于或等于吸湿芯棉纸的亲水性。
8、根据权利要求5、6和7的卫生巾,其特征在于所述吸湿芯包括一单张棉纸。
9、根据权利要求8所述的卫生巾,其特征在于所述棉纸具有纵向侧边,并且纵侧边折回以形成所述外侧段的两层厚度,而所述中间段为单层厚度。
10、根据权利要求8和9所述的卫生巾,其特征在于所述外侧段的边缘在所述中间段一个间距,所述间距朝向所述底片,因此所述吸湿芯朝向所述顶片的面是一基本完整的平面,并且所述中间段的间距最好基本上没有粘接剂。
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CN109715115A (zh) * 2016-09-16 2019-05-03 尤妮佳股份有限公司 吸收性物品

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HU9602389D0 (en) 1996-11-28
CZ288343B6 (en) 2001-05-16
PE28195A1 (es) 1995-10-06
CA2183238C (en) 2001-02-20
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JPH09509600A (ja) 1997-09-30
EP0748196B1 (en) 2000-06-14
GR3034235T3 (en) 2000-12-29
NO963595D0 (no) 1996-08-28
HU220676B1 (hu) 2002-04-29
KR100370503B1 (ko) 2003-10-04
TW304874B (zh) 1997-05-11
HK1012936A1 (en) 1999-08-13
PH30645A (en) 1997-09-16
NO963595L (no) 1996-11-01
SG49000A1 (en) 1998-05-18
BR9408545A (pt) 1997-08-19
KR970701030A (ko) 1997-03-17
AU698541B2 (en) 1998-10-29
ATE193823T1 (de) 2000-06-15
MY113293A (en) 2002-01-31
CZ247196A3 (en) 1997-04-16
EP0748196A1 (en) 1996-12-18
NO308286B1 (no) 2000-08-28
PT748196E (pt) 2000-11-30
US5460623A (en) 1995-10-24
US5569231A (en) 1996-10-29
AU1041295A (en) 1995-09-18
CA2183238A1 (en) 1995-09-08
DE69424950D1 (de) 2000-07-20
FI963397A (fi) 1996-08-30
FI963397A0 (fi) 1996-08-30
WO1995023570A1 (en) 1995-09-08
HUT77396A (hu) 1998-04-28
CN1104875C (zh) 2003-04-09
DK0748196T3 (da) 2000-07-31
ES2146734T3 (es) 2000-08-16
DE69424950T2 (de) 2000-12-14

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