CN1109270C - 非发射显示器及其压电电源 - Google Patents

非发射显示器及其压电电源 Download PDF

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CN1109270C
CN1109270C CN97180926A CN97180926A CN1109270C CN 1109270 C CN1109270 C CN 1109270C CN 97180926 A CN97180926 A CN 97180926A CN 97180926 A CN97180926 A CN 97180926A CN 1109270 C CN1109270 C CN 1109270C
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piezoelectric element
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J·M·雅各布森
B·科米斯基
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Abstract

一种电泳显示器，具有基本上为二维排列的微囊，每个微囊中有电介质液体和粒子悬浮物等电泳成份，悬浮物与电介质液体形成视觉对比并显示面电荷；一对电极，其中至少一个是视觉透明的，设置并覆盖在微囊布局的另一面；和一个在两电极间产生电势差的装置，电势差致使粒子向其中一个电极迁移。显示器可以由一个或多个压电元件供电，该压电元件也适合向其它类型的非发射显示器供电。

Description

非发射显示器及其压电电源
本发明涉及一种电子显示元件，并尤其涉及非发射显示器。
非发射显示器通过改变不同频率光束的反射而实现利用对比反差传递信息；由此区别于通过发射光刺激肉眼的传统的发射显示器。一种类型的非发射显示器是电泳显示器，利用电泳现象实现对比。电泳是带电粒子在施加电场中的运动。当在一种液体中发生电泳时，粒子以主要由粒子经受的粘滞阻尼、带电量、液体的介电特性和电场强度等决定的速度移动。
电泳显示是利用一种颜色的带电粒子悬浮在不同颜色(即由粒子反射的光)的电介质液体的媒质中被液体吸收的现象。悬浮物被收容在处于一对相对设置的、其中一个是透明的电极之间的盒里。当电极工作对媒质施加DC或脉冲电场时，粒子向相反符号的电极迁移。结果是视觉可以观察到颜色变化。特别是，当有足够数量的粒子到达透明电极时，它们的颜色主导显示的颜色；但如果粒子被拖到另一个电极，则它们被代替主导的液体介质的颜色模糊。
理想的情况是装置在其整个寿命期间颗粒保持极强的均匀带电，并在较小的电场影响下尽可能快地移动。位于两电极之间的悬浮颗粒的开关时间由下式给出：
                    t＝6πd2η/Vεζ这里，d是电极间的间隔，η是液体媒质的粘滞系数，ε是介电常数，V是电极间的电势差，ζ是粒子的ζ电势。物理量t代表“开关时间”，即大量粒子从其中的一个电极迁移到另一个电极的时间。因此，通常把系统的t选为最小。例如，电极的间隔小到确保离开透明电极之后粒子完全变暗。
有用的电泳显示是双稳态的：它们的状态即使在激励电场移去后仍然保持。这通常通过在电极上滞留的电荷以及粒子和电泳盒壁之间的范德瓦尔力实现。但不幸的是目前电泳显示的稳定性是有限的。虽然颗粒的絮凝和沉淀可以通过将粒子的密度与液体媒质的密度相匹配而避免，但长期的粒子簇集仍是一个问题。这也就是粒子之间的粘附力最终可能战胜扩散力，降低显示器的外观和功能。例如，粒子簇集对施加电场的响应效率较低(增加开关时间)，并也更易受对重力作用的损伤(限制在任意方向使用)；因此，如果将显示器垂直取向，重力可以超过对盒壁的粘附力并导致絮凝沉积。
根据本发明，上述的局限通过使电泳显示器的每个元件微囊化而克服。此方法消除了大于胶囊尺寸的絮凝的影响，而絮凝最好小到单个可以忽视。因此，微囊作用类似于象素(虽然基本上它们不可分别寻址)；即使发生絮凝，它的影响也可限制在非常小的区域。另外，通过设定絮凝的可能尺寸的上限……即通过避免大于胶囊的粒子含量的积聚……减弱的场响应性和对重力的易受损性等体效应同样受到限制。
再者，虽然显示元件内的单个胶囊基本上不能被单独寻址，但本发明的方法导致产生较小的多胶囊元件，这些元件本身是大矩阵的单个可寻址组件。例如，每个元件可呈现出一个圆形外形并被排成一个矩阵，用作字母数字显示中的一个象素。
因此，在第一方面，本发明包括一种具有显微容器(微囊)二维布局的电泳显示器，每个微囊中具有电介质液和粒子的悬浮物等电泳成份，粒子悬浮物与电介质液形成视觉反差并显示面电荷；一对电极，其中至少一个是透明的，设置并覆盖在微囊布局的反面；和在两电极间产生电势差的装置，电势差导致粒子向其中一个电极迁移。微囊布局可以是平面或曲面；这里所使用的“二维”一词指完全的平面、变形的或弯曲的并且不排除一些三维厚度的布局。布局中可以将微囊一个挨一个地包裹在一个矩阵中(基本上为一个微囊的厚度)，也可以将微囊散布在一个透明矩阵中，或是在矩阵中形成腔体或空腔，本身构成微囊。
在第二方面，本发明提供一种利用一个或多个压电元件(如聚乙二烯)对非发射显示器供电的新颖装置。总的来说，本发明在这方面包括一对相对设置的电极，和位于其间的至少一个显示元件，显示元件视觉响应电极间的电势差；以及一个与电极相连的压电元件，压电元件的变形？。
从下面参考附图对本发明的详细描述中上述的讨论将变得更加容易理解。其中：
图1A-1B是根据本发明的微囊化的电泳显示器布局的放大截面图；
图2A和2B是对操作包括图1A-1B中所示组件(但不限于此)的非发射显示器有用的压电驱动器电路示意图；
图3是本发明在鞋类环境中具体应用的示意图；
图4A是另一鞋类应用的示意图；
图4B是执行图4A中应用的代表性电路的示意图；
图5是本发明在纸类出版环境中特殊应用的局部等比例示意图；
图6是以声音耦合模式执行的本发明局部等比例示意图；
图7A是本发明在手表类环境中特殊应用的局部等比例示意图；
图7B是执行图7A中应用的代表性电路的示意图；
参见图1A-1B，图中示出了根据本发明的微囊化电泳显示器布局的两个实施例。在图1A中，显示器120包括一对平面电极125，130，电极处于显微容器或微囊133的平面布局的相对侧面上。至少电极125是透明的，使得观察者可以观察到由邻近电极130的微囊133的部分显示的色彩。例如，电极130可以包括一个蒸发或涂覆在玻璃、聚酯薄膜或其它透明衬底上的半导体薄层如氧化铟锡；制作的细节对于本领域的技术人员来说是公知的，可以替换氧化铟锡的半导体也是公知的(见美国专利US3,668,106和US4,305,807，其全部的内容在此引为参考)。
在每个微囊133中是包括电介质液体135和大量带电粒子137的电泳悬浮物，大量的松密度液体和粒子形成视觉对比(即显示出可观察到的有区别的颜色或深浅)。驱动电路140与电极125，130电连接，并能够在电极间产生足够的电势差，致使在可接受的开关时间内粒子137向一个或另一个电极迁移。
为了把粒子137的颜色转给显示器120，驱动电路140产生一个电场(由箭头142表示)，电场的方向使得粒子137被吸引并移向电极130。在图示的实施例中，微囊133是球形的并大致彼此相切；因此，如果每个微囊133包含一定量的粒子137，量的大小足以覆盖电场作用下的区域内表面的一半，则粒子137向电极130的迁移将把粒子的颜色以大致均匀的、不间断的方式转给显示器。
微囊133不必是严格的球形，但最好是有一定的尺寸，范围在5～500μm，处于范围25～250μm内尤为理想。微囊133的壁应显示类似于电介质液体135的电阻率。它还对使微囊133的折射率和电泳成份的折射率相匹配起作用。通常，液体135是疏水性的，密封疏水的内相技术是现有技术。选择的方法可以对电介质液体的同一性及特性施加限制；例如，某些浓缩方法可能需要较高沸点和低蒸汽压的电介质液体。
在一种称为“凝聚”的方法中，通过在含水的环境中扩散电泳成份(即包含色素颗粒137的悬浮物的疏水电介质液体)形成一种油/水乳状液。通过控制温度、PH和/或相对浓度从水相凝聚出一种或多种胶体并淀积成包裹油滴的外壳，从而形成微囊。适宜于凝聚的材料包括凝胶和阿拉伯树胶。参见美国专利US2,800,457(其全部内容在此引为参考)。
“界面聚合”法依赖于在电泳成份中有溶油单体的存在，溶油单体又作为水相中的乳状液存在。在微量疏水液滴中的单体与进入水相的单体反应，在液滴和周围的水媒质之间的界面处聚合并形成包围液滴的外壳。虽然形成的壁较薄，并且可能是可渗透的，但该方法不需要其它方法的升温特性并因此就电介质液体的选择而言具有较大的灵活性。
我们优选的微囊化技术是“原位聚合”，其中，将形成微囊壳的单体出现在水相中而非发散相的液滴中。单体聚合形成一种聚合物，聚合物对内相的亲和力高于对水相的亲和力，因此围绕液滴收缩，成为外壳。在一种尤为有用的原位聚合方法中，在有聚丙烯酸存在时尿素和甲醛浓缩；见美国专利US4,001,140。在美国专利US4,273,672中公开的其它有用的方法中，存在于水溶液中的各种交联剂的任意一种沉积在微油滴的周围。这种交联剂包括甲醛、乙二醛、戊二醛和其它甲醛施主，三氧杂环己烷，乙醇胺，乙撑二胺，硼酸，硼酸盐如硼酸钠，或大分子核素，如凝胶，黄著树胶，甲基纤维素和A阶甲醛浓缩物。专利US4,001,140和专利US4,273,672中公开的全部内容在此引为参考。
制作微囊的其它有用的方法包括机械方法，对本领域的技术人员是公知的，例如在美国专利US3,585,381中公开的方法。
本发明中可以使用的电介质液体有很宽的范围；选择它们的标准包括粘滞度，介电常数、获得的电量和密度。优选的液体包括暗色的疏水液体，如异链烷烃石油溶剂或三氯三氟乙烷，或它们的混合物；以及其它的卤代烃，因为这些易于显示理想的高密度(与扩散的粒子密度相匹配)而同时具有理想的电学特性。为了更暗或赋予液体特定的颜色，可以向液体中加入一种染料(如象蓝油N的油染料)或其它染色剂(如用于紫色的环烷酸钴，用于棕色的环烷酸锰，或用于绿色的环烷酸镍)。
可以采用的色素粒子也有很宽的范围，决定它们选择的主要标准是适当的电量、大小和颜色。粒子尺寸的范围从100μm至小于1μm，最好的范围是5-25μm。粒子可以自然带电，或利用电量控制剂充电，或当悬浮在电介质液体中时采集电荷。有用的粒子材料包括提供高反射白色外观的二氧化钛(TiO2)；黑色乙炔或其它黑色电泳调色剂离子；其它的无机色素；或有机色素，如偶氮和酞箐。一般地把电荷控制剂加到色素粒子中产生面电荷(ζ电势)。电荷控制剂可以在粒子的制作期间直接吸附到粒子表面或混入其中。通常电荷控制剂给1μm半径的粒子表面带来等于50-100个基本电荷的ζ电势；这产生大约10-4至10-5cm2/V-sec的充分的电泳流动性。适当的电荷控制剂在现有技术中是公知技术；就性质上来说它们可以是聚合体或非聚合体，也可以是离子或非离子。非离子聚合体的电荷控制剂包括聚乙烯，聚丁烯琥珀酰亚胺和各种聚乙烯吡定块共聚物。见美国专利US5,380,362，US5,066,559和US4,298,448，它们的全部内容在此引为参考。电荷控制剂(和任何基础涂层)不应干扰色素粒子的光学特性。在优选实施例中，TiO、粒子和聚乙烯的混合物裂化，形成大部分为聚乙烯的电泳球。
显示器120例如可以以制作液晶显示器的方式制作。例如，包含电泳成分的微囊133在形成之后可以注射到容放两个隔开的电极的盒里。或者微囊130可以通过现有技术中的任意一种方法“印刷”到显示器上，如用于把可压裂的微囊沉淀到衬底上以产生无碳复写纸的技术；在这种情况中，粒子被印刷到电极125、130其中的一个上，之后，另一个电极被沉积、印刷或涂覆在沉淀的微囊130的顶部。
在示于图1B中的另一个实施例145里，微囊133被固定在透明矩阵或本身被夹在两电极125、130之间的黏合剂150内。再者，利用适当定向的电场使粒子137向透明电极130迁移。只要微囊133均匀地以足够的密度扩散于矩阵150中，则最终的外表视觉上将是均匀的。矩阵150最好是一种透明的聚合材料，可以在较低的温度下烘干(即从较低的黏滞状态到极高的黏滞态的交联)或固化，并且在低黏滞的状态中易于接收微囊的扩散。有用的材料包括聚乙烯乙醇，凝胶，环氧树脂或其它树脂。
有微囊133以适当的扩散密度悬浮其中的低黏滞度聚合物前体可以在与二维的或弯曲的电极125、130形状一致的铸模中烘干，或者也可以用电极作为原位固化的容器边界。
另外微囊133可以是空的，也可以是在其烘干期间形成在矩阵150中的微腔。例如，电泳成分可以作为一种未烘干(低黏滞度)前体中的乳状液扩散到矩阵150；前体的烘干使乳状液滴悬浮并固定在矩阵中，有效地形成聚合物扩散的电泳显示器。
显示器可以以任意数量的构件排布，包括整体地连续显示器(即夹在一对电极中的微囊毗连延伸)；一行或其它形状的由一对电极控制的离散的微囊组；或包含多个独立寻址的显示元件的多元件排布，每个由一个分隔的电极对控制，并包括一个连续显示器或微囊组的图案。驱动器140可以是任意一种适当的电源，如DC或脉冲DC电路，或AC电路(脉冲宽度或AC周期大于电泳成分的开关时间)。
但根据本发明的另一方面，驱动器140包括一种压电元件。参见图2A，图中示出了用这种元件驱动包括一个或多个单个电泳显示器的电泳显示元件200的方式。压电元件202的机械形变产生电压和电流。如果合适，元件202的电输出直接供给显示器200；但通常首先调节输出较为有利。例如，元件202的相反的形变产生相反极性的电压；如果元件202以大于显示器200开关时间的速率交替形变，则显示器200将不响应。电压调节电路204可以限制或增大压电元件202产生的电压，还可以包括平滑滤波器，减小电压输出的变化或抑制显示器200的响应。在操作中，当压电元件在不同的方向弯曲时，其产生的电场发生极性变化，导致电泳显示器200上的带电粒子离开一个电极向另一个电极移动。
应该强调显示元件200不局限于图1A-1B所示的电泳显示器；图2A所示的方法可应用于其响应特性适宜于元件202的输出的任何一种非发射显示器(如液晶或电泳显示器)，不管有何种特定的形状。
图2B示出了一种更完善的布局。此处调节电路204的输出设置为处理器206的电源，通过由处理器206控制的一个或多个开关208到达显示元件。电压调节器204由此调节并限制到达处理器206的电压幅值，处理器206本身可以是可编程的单片微处理器或其它执行控制功能的适当的电路。开关208可以是晶体管，其数量依据元件200中各个电泳显示元件的数量。例如，处理器206可被构造成在开关208中的一个的附近……并从而向显示元件200中的一个组件提供电源……在一旦探测到一些外部条件时或在预定的时间。
现在参见图3，图中示出了本发明结合到鞋类装饰300如鞋子的制品中的应用。制品300包括底部或鞋底302。设置在鞋底302中的是一个柔性的压电元件305，如聚偏二氯乙烯片。两输出端307a、307b与第一电泳显示器310的电极连结，反向与第二电泳显示器312的电极连结。当制品300的穿着者迈步时，弯曲压电元件305，产生足以激活显示器310，312其中之一的第一极性的电压(即把粒子吸引到可视见电极)并退激活另一显示器(即把粒子拉离可视见电极)。当使用者完成一步时，压电元件305变平，产生反极性的电压并倒转显示器310、312的各个可视外观。另外，如果需要，图3所示的结构可以包括电压调节电路。
图4A示出了本发明在鞋类装饰中的另一种应用。鞋类400如跑鞋的饰品包括与压电元件405连结的底部或鞋底402。压电元件405的输出端与控制一系列单个电泳显示器412a-g工作的控制电路相连，下文将描术。这些显示器在任何时间“开启”(或“关闭”)的次数反应压电元件405的形变次数，并因此是迈步的次数。如图4B所示，适当电路410包括一个全波整流器或桥415，其整流后的输出提供给与电泳显示器412a-g并联连结的电容器417。每个显示器还分别与二极管420a-g连结。串联的二极管420a-g具有逐渐增大的击穿电压。在工作中，所有的电泳显示器最初处于相同的状态。压电元件405有规律的弯曲和伸直导致大致的AC电压输出，该输出由桥415整波。桥415的每个脉冲将电荷加到电容器417的板上，增加电容器两端并因此也是二极管/显示器对两端的电压。显示器412a-g的每一个只有当电容器417上积累的电荷超出相连的二极管的击穿电压时才改变状态。当然，电容器417上的电荷反应迈步的次数，由此决定将改变状态的显示器421a-g的数量。为了重置装置，用户激活开关(未示出)，开关倒转跨接二极管/显示器对两端的电容器417的连结，将二极管旁路并重置显示器，并继而将电容器417放电。电路还可包括一个附加的二极管或其它的用于减小或去除因快步行走而造成的高电压的装置，和一个对使用者步幅的长度编程的装置，使得显示器表示距离而非迈出的步子。
图5示出了本发明应用于纸衬，如书籍，日历或贺卡的方式。在所示的实施例中，贺卡500包括一个中心夹502和一个设置于其中的压电元件505。压电元件505连结(如通过一对金属薄片轨迹或别的导体)到驱动器电路507，电路本身通过相连的用户可激活的开关512a，512b，512c连结到三个电泳显示器510a，510b，510c。例如每个显示器510a，510b，510c拼出不同的信息。电路507包括能量储存装置，累积由用户打开卡片500使压电元件变形所产生的电流来的电荷。储存的电荷经用户对开关的适当选择转移到显示器510a，510b，510c中的一个上。类似的配置可以与书籍或日历结合。
对一个电泳显示器供电的压电元件不必通过直接变形激励。而可以通过声音耦合到另一个本身经历变化的电场的压电元件(导致其按施加电场的大小成比例地变形)来驱动。这种耦合可以很方便地发生在长度尺度不大于5英寸的典型的压电显示器上。
参见图6A，该图示出了这种效果如何应用于手表600。在手表602里是一个压电元件604和一个振荡电路606；这两个组件可与手表600的计时功能相关。振荡器606接收自备电源(如电池等，未示出)的供电并供给压电元件604以AC电流。系到(或植入)表带610上的是以声音耦合到压电元件604上的第二压电元件612。元件612的输出提供给驱动电路614，驱动电路614利用来自元件612的电能对电泳显示器616供电。对于本例的这种配置，显示器616将恒定为“开启”。
为此原因，驱动电路606和614最好更为完善，如图6B所示。驱动器606能够以两个或更多的频率f1、f2振荡。驱动器电路614包括一对陷波或带通滤波器620、622，每个滤波器被调谐到f1、f2其中的一个频率上。即滤波器620的每一个工作在非常窄的频率带内，降落(或通过)f1、f2其中的一个频率而不影响另一个频率。滤波器620、622的输出端相对地连接到显示器616；滤波器还包括整波器，使得它们对显示器616的输出不改变极性，滤波器还包括任意其它的为特定的应用所希望的调节电路。
例如，假设滤波器620降落频率f1，滤波器622降落频率f2。工作在f1处的驱动器606声音耦合压电元件604和612；而来自压电元件612的电能只通过滤波器622到达显示器616，把显示器616置于特定的视觉状态。工作在f2处的驱动器606反转滤波器622产生的效果，把显示器616置于相反的状态，因为电能只通过滤波器620。上述电路在例如设置和重置视觉警报上是有用的。
利用滤波器和能被不同频率驱动并因此可选择地声音耦合到多个“接收器”元件的单个被驱动“发送器”压电元件的方法挖掘出在很宽范围中的应用。例如，回过来看图5所示的实施例，显示在报亭或广告设施中的期刊可包含几个电泳显示器，每一个经不同调谐的滤波器与压电元件连接。通过改变发送器元件被驱动处的频率，可以以任何一种理想的图形轮转各种显示。
上述的方法还可以应用于具有压电扬声器的寻呼机或信息装置。如图7所示，这种装置700包括一个自动充电的驱动器电路702，在接收到来自中央台的广播射频信号时激励压电扬声器704。这种装置被广泛使用且随处可见。这种装置中加入一个与扬声器704声音耦合的第二压电元件；一个如前所述的驱动器电路708；和一个电泳显示器710。当扬声器704发出可闻警报时，压电元件706使显示器710改变状态，从而提供一个可视报警指示。显示器710可以用于向手表、寻呼机、蜂窝式电话或其它便携式电子设备的用户传递其它有用的信息(如电池的状况)。
可以看到，前面讲述了一个电泳和其它非发射显示器的制作并向其供电的可靠且高度灵活的方法。在此采用的词汇和表达方式为描述而非限定，并且在这些词和表达的使用中不排除图中和说明书中的任何特征的等同特征或部分，可以认为在本发明权利要求的范围内可作各种改型。

Claims (24)

1.一种电泳显示器，包括：
a.一种离散的微容器的排列，每个容器沿其任意方向的尺寸不超过500μm；
b.设置并覆盖在上述排列相对侧的第一和第二电极，其中至少有一个电极基本上是视觉透明的；
c.在两个电极间产生电势差的装置；和
d.在每个容器中的电介质液体和带有面电荷的悬浮粒子，液体和粒子有视觉反差，电势差导致粒子向一个电极迁移。
2.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于容器沿其任意方向的尺寸不超过5μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于每个容器具有范围在25～250μm内的平均尺寸。
4.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于粒子具有不超过100μm的平均尺寸。
5.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于粒子具有范围在5～25μm内的平均尺寸。
6.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于液体具有液体密度，且每个粒子具有粒子密度，液体和粒子的密度大致相等。
7.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于粒子包括TiO2，电介质液体中包含一种暗色染料。
8.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于电介质液体中至少包含(i)异链烷烃石油溶剂和(ii)三氯三氟乙烷中的一种。
9.如权利要求7所述的显示器，其特征在于每个粒子包括一个芯和边界，一种电荷控制添加物。
10.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于容器具有显示一电阻率的内表面，液体具有大致上等于内表面的电阻率的电阻率。
11.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于列阵中的容器彼此相连。
12.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于容器扩散在固体矩阵中。
13.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于容器是固体矩阵中的腔体。
14.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于产生电势差的装置包括一个压电元件。
15.一种非发射显示系统，包括：
a.一对相对设置的电极，和至少一个位于其间的显示元件，显示元件视觉响应电极间的电势差；
b.一个与电极相连的显示压电元件，压电元件的变形产生电势差；
c.一个声音耦合到显示器压电元件的驱动器压电元件；
d.将AC电压施加到处于驱动器频率的驱动器元件的装置，使显示压电元件产生AC电压；和
e.对显示压电元件产生的AC电压进行整流的装置，整流后的电压提供电势差。
16.一种非发射显示系统，包括：
a.一对相对设置的电极，和至少一个位于其间的显示元件，显示元件视觉响应电极间的电势差；
b.一个与电极相连的显示压电元件，压电元件的变形产生电势差；
c.一个声音耦合到显示器压电元件的驱动器压电元件；
d.将AC电压施加到处于驱动器频率的驱动器元件的装置，使显示压电元件产生AC电压，所述AC电压产生电势差；和
e.至少一个安插在显示器压电元件和电极之间的滤波器，至少一个滤波器构造成(i)在预定的频带内通过AC，使得显示器不受预定频带之外的驱动器频率的影响，或(ii)在预定的频带内降落AC，使得显示器只受预定频带之外的驱动器频率的影响；和
f.一种与显示器压电元件连接的装置，用于对来自滤波器的AC电压整流，并由此提供电势差。
17.如权利要求16所述的显示系统，其特征在于所述至少一个滤波器是带通滤波器或陷波滤波器。
18.如权利要求16所述的显示系统，包括并联的第一和第二滤波器，它们反向地连接到显示器元件，第一滤波器在第一频带内通过或降落AC，第二滤波器在第二频带内通过或降落AC，对显示器压电元件在第一和第二频带内的选择运用从显示器上产生相反的视觉响应。
19.如权利要求18所述的显示系统，其特征在于第一和第二滤波器是带通滤波器或陷波滤波器。
20.一种非发射显示系统，包括：
a.一对相对设置的电极，和至少一个位于其间的显示元件，显示元件视觉响应电极间的电势差；和
b.一个与电极连结的显示压电元件，压电元件的形变产生电势差。
其特征在于显示元件包括；
c.基本上以二维排列的离散的显示容器，每个容器在其任何方向上的尺寸不超过500μm；和
d.在每个容器中的电介质液体和显示面电荷的悬浮粒子，液体和粒子有视觉反差，电势差导致粒子向一个电极迁移。
21.如权利要求16所示的显示系统，还包括：
a.一个包容驱动器压电元件的表壳；和
b.一个系到表壳上的表带，用于支承显示器压电元件。
22.一种非发射显示系统，包括：
a.一个纸衬；
b.至少一个与纸衬相关联的电泳显示器元件，电泳显示器元件包括离散的微囊容器，每个微囊容器包括一种电介质液体和一种带有面电荷的粒子悬浮物，液体和粒子形成施加反差；
c.一个至少在一个显示器元件的两端产生电势差的电源；和
d.选择激励电源的装置。
23.如权利要求22所示的显示系统，其特征在于电源是一个压电元件。
24.如权利要求22所示的显示系统，其特征在于纸衬的折叠使压电元件变形，从而产生电势差。
CN97180926A 1996-10-25 1997-10-17 非发射显示器及其压电电源 Expired - Lifetime CN1109270C (zh)

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WO1998019208A3 (en) 1998-07-09
WO1998019208A2 (en) 1998-05-07
JP2001503873A (ja) 2001-03-21
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AU721087B2 (en) 2000-06-22
CA2269588C (en) 2006-01-10

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