CN107256011A - 恒温器和优化恒温器的用户界面的运行的方法 - Google Patents

恒温器和优化恒温器的用户界面的运行的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107256011A
CN107256011A CN201710244122.9A CN201710244122A CN107256011A CN 107256011 A CN107256011 A CN 107256011A CN 201710244122 A CN201710244122 A CN 201710244122A CN 107256011 A CN107256011 A CN 107256011A
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sensor
close
threshold value
user
thermostat
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CN107256011B (zh
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约瑟夫·亚当·拉夫
乔纳森·索尔尼特
Jr.·埃德温·H.·萨特思韦特
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    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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    • H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
    • H01H25/06—Operating part movable both angularly and rectilinearly, the rectilinear movement being along the axis of angular movement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

Abstract

提供了恒温器和优化恒温器的用户界面的运行的方法。一种恒温器包括用户界面，其被配置来在包括第一模式和第二模式的至少两个不同模式中运行。所述用户界面在所述第一模式中运行可能需要比在所述第二模式更多的电力。所述恒温器还包括多个传感器，其包括被配置来检测所述恒温器附近用户的存在的至少一个传感器。所述恒温器还包括第一处理功能，其被配置来确定接近配置文件并且在一个或多个传感器提供匹配所述接近配置文件的响应的情况下使所述用户界面处于所述第一模式中。可使用可能与用户打算观看所述用户界面的时间一致的来自所述传感器的响应历史计算所述接近配置文件。

Description

恒温器和优化恒温器的用户界面的运行的方法
本申请属于国际申请日为2012年9月30日、国际申请号为PCT/US2012/058210的PCT国际申请进入中国国家阶段后的申请号为201280051997.2的中国专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2011年10月21日申请的共同转让美国临时申请案第61/627,996号的权利，其以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本专利说明书涉及用于监测和控制能源消耗系统或其它资源消耗系统的系统和方法。更具体地，本专利说明书涉及支配能源消耗系统、家用装置或其它资源消耗系统的运行的控制单元，包括用于启动支配制热、通风和空气调节(HVAC)系统的运行的恒温器的电子显示器的方法。
发明背景
大量努力和关注继续投向开发更新和更可持续的能源供应。通过提高能源效率来节省能源对于世界的能源未来仍然十分关键。根据来自美国能源部2010年10月的报告，制热和制冷占典型美国住宅能源利用的56％，使其成为多数住宅最大的能源开销。连同与住宅制热和制冷相关的实体设备的改进(例如，改进的保暖、更高效的暖气机)，可通过住宅制热和制冷设备的更好控制和调节实现能源效率的显著提高。
如来自Honeywell(1997)的标题为“Power Stealing Thermostats”的技术公开第50-8433号中讨论，早期的恒温器使用双金属条来感测温度以及响应室内的温度变化。双金属条的移动用于直接打开和闭合电路。每当接触件被闭合以为受控空间提供制热和/或制冷时，电力被输送至电子机械致动器(通常是HVAC设备中的继电器或接触器)。由于这些恒温器无需电力来运行，所以接线非常简单。仅一根电线连接至变压器且另一根电线连接至负载。通常，24VAC电源变压器、恒温器和24VAC HVAC设备继电器都连接在一个回路中，其中每个装置仅具有两个必要的外部连接。
当电子装置开始在恒温器中使用时，恒温器不为直接接线至其电源的变压器的两侧的事实产生问题。这意味着恒温器需直接从系统变压器硬接线。共同的“C”型电线从变压器直接硬接线至电子恒温器可能非常困难且昂贵。
因为许多住户无来自系统变压器的直接电线(诸如“C”型电线)，所以一些恒温器已被设计为透过设备负载从变压器得到电力。用至变压器的单个直接接线从变压器给电子恒温器供电的方法被称作“电力窃取”或“电力共享”方法。恒温器在制热或制冷系统的“关闭”周期期间，通过在低于负载线圈的响应阈值的情况下(甚至在最大变压器输出电压下)允许少量电流流动穿过其至负载线圈而“窃取”、“共享”或“收获”其电力。在制热或制冷系统的“开启”期间，恒温器通过允许跨其自身的小电压降而汲取电力。理想地，电压降不会导致负载线圈降至低于其响应阈值(甚至最小变压器输出电压)。具有电力窃取能力的恒温器的实例包括Honeywell T8600、Honeywell T8400C和Emerson Model 1F97-0671。但是，这些系统无电力存储构件，且因此必须始终依赖电力窃取。
此外，微处理器控制的“智能”恒温器可能具有更先进的环境控制能力，其可节能，同时也使居住者保持舒适。为了实现这一点，这些恒温器需要来自居住者以及恒温器所处的环境的更多信息。这些恒温器还可能能够连接至计算机网络，包括局域网(或其它“私人”网络)和广域网，诸如互联网(或其它“公共”网络)，以获得当前和预报的外部天气数据，在所谓的需求响应程序中协作(例如，自动服从可能由公用事业公司在极端天气期间发布的用电警告)，使用户能获得远程访问及/或通过其网络连接装置(例如，智能电话、平板电脑、基于PC的网页浏览器)和可能需要网络连接的其它先进功能对其进行控制。
出现涉及提供使用高功率用户界面的微处理器控制的恒温器的问题，一个或多个这些问题至少部分通过本文在下文中描述的一个或多个实施方案解决。一方面，需提供一种具有先进功能的恒温器，诸如与相对大功率的微处理器和可靠的无线通信芯片相关的功能，同时还提供一种具有用户乐于观看和互动的吸引人的、美观的电子显示器的恒温器。另一方面，需提供一种可兼容于和可适于安装在一系列住宅中的恒温器，其包括大百分比的未配备上述“C”型电线的住宅。还进一步需要提供这样一种恒温器，其适应容易的自己动手安装，使得可为许多用户避免安排HVAC技术人员到住处安装恒温器的费用和不便。还进一步需要提供一种具有这种处理能力、无线通信能力、美观显示质量和其它先进功能的恒温器，同时还是除无需“C”型电线外，同样无需被插入家用线路电流或所谓“电源块”(其可能对于恒温器的特定位置而言是不方便的以及不好看)的恒温器。因此，在本领域中需要改进。
发明概要
在一个实施方案中，提供一种恒温器。恒温器可包括外壳。恒温器还可包括用户界面，其包括具有主动显示模式和非主动显示模式的电子显示器，主动显示模式通常比非主动显示模式需要多得多的电力。恒温器还可包括被安置在外壳内且耦接至用户界面的处理系统。处理系统可被配置来与用于确定环境空气温度的一个或多个温度传感器可操作地通信。处理系统还可与一个或多个输入装置可操作通信，包括用于确定设定点温度的用户界面。处理系统可与制热、通风和空气调节(HVAC)系统更进一步可操作地通信以至少部分基于所测量的环境温度与设定点温度值的比较控制HVAC系统。恒温器还可包括至少一个传感器，其被配置来检测用户与恒温器的用户界面的实体接近。至少一个传感器可与处理系统可操作地通信且处理系统可被配置来在接近阈值已被超过时，使用户界面处于主动显示模式。处理系统还可被配置来至少部分基于如至少一个传感器所检测的历史多个实体接近事件而自动调整接近阈值。
在另一个实施方案中，提出一种用于优化恒温器的用户界面的运行的方法。方法可包括通过处理系统至少部分基于如至少一个传感器所检测的历史多个实体接近事件自动确定接近阈值。至少一个传感器可被配置来检测用户实体接近恒温器的用户界面且至少一个传感器可与处理系统可操作地通信。方法还可包括使用至少一个传感器检测用户实体接近恒温器的用户界面。方法还可包括通过处理系统确定接近阈值已被超过。处理系统可被配置来与用于确定环境空气温度的一个或多个温度传感器可操作地通信，且被配置来与包括用于确定设定点温度的用户界面的一个或多个输入装置可操作地通信并且与制热、通风和空气调节(HVAC)系统更进一步可操作地通信以至少部分基于所测量的环境温度与设定点温度值的比较控制HVAC系统。方法还可包括通过处理系统在接近阈值已被超过时，使用户界面处于主动显示模式中。用户界面可包括具有主动显示模式和非主动显示模式的电子显示器，其中主动显示模式通常需要比所述非主动显示模式多得多的电力。
在又一个实施方案中，提出另一种恒温器。恒温器可包括被配置来在包括第一模式和第二模式的至少两个不同模式中运行的用户界面，其中用户界面在第一模式中运行时需要比在第二模式中更多的电力。恒温器还可包括多个传感器，其包括被配置来检测恒温器附近用户的存在的至少一个传感器。恒温器还可包括第一处理功能，其被配置来确定接近配置文件，且在多个传感器的一个或多个提供一个或多个响应至匹配接近配置文件的第一处理功能时，使用户界面从第二模式过渡至第一模式。可至少使用可能与一个或多个用户打算观看用户界面的时间一致的来自多个传感器的响应历史计算接近配置文件。
可参考说明书和附图的其余部分实现本发明的本质和优点的进一步理解。此外，注意可在下列公开和权利要求中描述其它实施方案。
附图简述
图1图示根据一个实施方案的恒温器的透视图。
图2图示根据一个实施方案的具有顶部单元和背板的恒温器的分解透视图。
图3A图示根据一个实施方案的顶部单元有关其主要组件的分解透视图。
图3B图示根据一个实施方案的背板有关其主要组件的分解透视图。
图4A图示根据一个实施方案的顶部单元的简化功能方框图。
图4B图示根据一个实施方案的背板的简化功能方框图。
图5图示根据一个实施方案的用于管理被恒温器消耗的电力的系统的简化电路图。
图6图示智能住宅环境的实例，本文中进一步描述的一个或多个装置、方法、系统、服务和/或计算机程序产品可应用于其内。
图7图示根据一些实施方案的其内可一体化图6的智能住宅的可扩展装置和服务平台的网络级别图。
图8图示根据一些实施方案的图7的可扩展装置和服务平台的抽象功能图；
图9是根据一些实施方案的HVAC系统的示意图。
图10A至图10D图示根据一些实施方案的具有美观、光滑、时髦和圆形外观同时包括用于检测占用和/或用户的一个或多个传感器的恒温器；
图11A至图11B分别图示根据一些实施方案的恒温器有关其两个主要组件的分解正面和背面透视图。
图11C至图11D分别图示根据一些实施方案的顶部单元有关其主要组件的分解正面和背面透视图。
图11E至图11F分别图示根据一些实施方案的顶部单元正面总成有关其主要组件的分解正面和背面透视图。
图11G至图11H分别图示根据一些实施方案的背板单元有关其主要组件的分解正面和背面透视图。
图12A至图12B分别示出根据一些实施方案的被动式红外线传感器板的正面和背面透视图。
图12C至图12D分别示出根据一些实施方案的菲涅耳透镜的正面和背面透视图。
图12E至图12F是分别示出根据一些实施方案的被动式红外线传感器和菲涅耳透镜的相对定位的侧视图和横截面图。
图13图示根据一个实施方案的由恒温器监测的区域的俯视图。
图14图示根据一个实施方案的在一个时间周期内的不同类型的原始传感器响应的表示。
图15图示根据一个实施方案的在相同时间间隔内针对三个不同传感器的个别传感器响应的表示。
图16图示根据一个特定实施方案的来自三个不同传感器的个别传感器响应的表示，其中第一接近传感器包括噪声分布中的异常。
图17图示根据一个实施方案的用于通过更新接近阈值而优化恒温器的用户界面的运行的方法的简化流程图。
图18图示根据一个实施方案的用于确定接近阈值是否被违反的方法的简化流程图。
图19图示繁忙门厅问题的俯视图。
图20A至图20B是根据一些实施方案的正视PIR传感器和俯视PIR传感器的视场的图。
具体实施方式
本专利说明书的标的涉及下列共同转让申请的标的，其中每个申请以引用的方式并入本文中：2012年1月3日申请的国际申请第PCT/US12/00007号；和2012年5月8日申请的美国申请第13/467,025号。上述专利申请在本文中共同称作“共同转让的并入申请”。
在下文详细描述中，为了说明的目的，阐述许多特定细节以提供本发明的各种实施方案的透彻理解。本领域一般技术人员将理解本发明的这些各种实施方案仅是说明性的且不旨在以任意方式限制。受益于本公开的这些技术人员易于自行理解本发明的其它实施方案。
此外，为简明的目的，未示出或描述本文描述的实施方案的所有常规特征。本领域一般技术人员易于了解在开发任意这些实际实施方案时，可能需要许多实施方案特定决策以实现特定设计目标。这些设计目标将随实施例而不同且随开发者而不同。但是，应了解这样一种开发工作可能是复杂且费时的，但绝非受益于本公开的本领域一般技术人员的常规工程职责。
应了解，虽然本文在用于住宅(诸如单身住宅)中的典型HVAC系统的背景下进一步描述一个或多个实施方案，但是本教导的范围不受限于此。更一般地说，根据一个或多个优选实施方案的恒温器适用于具有一个或多个HVAC系统的一系列建筑，包括但不限于复式楼、联排别墅、多单元公寓楼、酒店、零售店、办公楼和工业建筑。此外，应了解虽然术语用户、客户、安装者、业主、居住者、客人、租客、房东、修理人员和/或类似术语可用于指在本文所述的一个或多个情况的背景下与恒温器或其它装置或用户界面互动的人员，但是这些提及绝不可视作在执行这些行动的人员方面限制本教导的范围。
如本文中所使用，术语“HVAC”包括提供制热和制冷、仅提供制热、仅提供制冷的系统以及提供其它居住者舒适和/或调节功能(诸如加湿、去湿和通风)的系统。
如本文中所使用，术语电力“收获”、“共享”和“窃取”在涉及HVAC恒温器时都指的是被设计来在不使用直接来自变压器的直接或共同电线源的情况下通过设备负载从电力变压器得到电力的恒温器。
如本文中所使用，术语“家用”在涉及HVAC系统时意指适于制热、制冷和/或另外调节主要用作单身居所的建筑的内部的类型的HVAC系统。被视为家用的制冷系统的实例将具有小于大约制冷吨(1制冷吨＝12,000Btu/h)的制冷能力。
如本文中所使用，术语“轻型商用”在涉及HVAC系统时意指适于制热、制冷和/或另外调节主要用作经营目的的建筑的内部的类型的HVAC系统，但为家用HVAC系统被视为适用的大小和结构。将被视为家用的制冷系统的实例将具有小于大约5制冷吨的制冷能力。
示例性恒温器实施方案
根据一个或多个实施方案提供用于基于一个或多个通用传感和控制单元(VSCU单元)控制一个或多个HVAC系统的系统、方法和计算机程序产品，每个VSCU单元被配置和调适来提供复杂的、定制的、节能的HVAC控制功能，同时外表美观、非胁迫性且易使用。本文中在下文使用术语“恒温器”表示特定类型的VSCU单元(通用传感和控制)，其特别适用于封闭空间中的HVAC控制。虽然可见对于封闭空间的HVAC控制的背景，“恒温器”和“VSCU单元”通常可互换，但是本文中的每个实施方案应用于具有针对除涉及一个或多个实体系统的一个或多个可测量特性的支配和/或其它能源或资源消耗系统，诸如水利用系统、空气利用系统、涉及其它自然资源的利用的系统和涉及各种其它形式的能源的利用的系统的支配的多种不同控制系统的任一种的温度以外的可测量特性(例如，压力、流速、高度、位置、速度、加速度、容量、功率、响度、亮度)的控制功能的控制单元在本教导的范围内。
图1至图12和参考其的描述提供可用于实施随附权利要求的特定实施方案的恒温器硬件和/或软件的示例性实施方案。这个恒温器硬件和/或软件无意限制且被提出来提供启用公开。图1图示根据一个实施方案的恒温器100的透视图。在这个特定实施方案中，恒温器100可由至少两种类型的用户输入控制，第一种是外环112的旋转且第二种是内推外盖108直到可听见和/或可触知的“点击声”发生。如本文中所使用，这两种类型的用户输入可被称作“操控”恒温器。在其它实施方案中，操控恒温器还可包括按压键盘上的按键、语音识别命令和/或可用于更改或调整恒温器100上的设定的任意其它类型的输入。
对于本实施方案，外盖108可包括总成，其包括外环112、覆层114、电子显示器116和金属部124。每个这些元件或这些元件的组合可被称作恒温器100的“外壳”。同时，每个这些元件或这些元件的组合还可形成用户界面。用户界面可具体包括电子显示器116。在图1中，用户界面116可被称作在主动显示模式中运行。主动显示模式可包括为电子显示器116提供背光。在其它实施方案中，主动显示模式可增大电子显示器116的强度和/或光输出，使得用户可容易地看到恒温器100的显示设定，诸如当前温度、设定点温度、HVAC功能和/或类似项目。主动显示模式可与非主动显示模式(未示出)对比。非主动显示模式可取决于实施方案停用背光、减少显示信息量、减小显示器强度和/或总体关闭电子显示器116。
取决于恒温器100的设定，电子显示器116的主动显示模式和非主动显示模式还可或取而代之以每个模式的相对电力使用为特征。在一个实施方案中，主动显示模式通常可能需要比非主动显示模式大得多的电力。在一些实施方案中，电子显示器116的不同运行模式取而代之可完全以其电力使用为特征。在这些实施方案中，电子显示器116的不同运行模式可被称作第一模式和第二模式，其中用户界面在第一模式中运行时需要比在第二模式中运行时更多的电力。
根据一些实施方案，电子显示器116可包括点阵式格局(可个别定址)，使得可产生任意形状，而非分段格局。根据一些实施方案，采用点阵式格局和分段格局的组合。根据一些实施方案，电子显示器116可为背光彩色液晶显示器(LCD)。电子显示器116上显示的信息的实例图示在图1中，且包括代表当前设定点温度的中心数字120。根据一些实施方案，金属部124可具有多个槽状开口以方便传感器130的使用，诸如被安装在槽状开口下方的被动式红外线运动传感器(PIR)。
根据一些实施方案，恒温器100可包括附加组件，诸如处理系统160、显示驱动器164和无线通信系统166。处理系统160可被调适或配置来使显示驱动器164导致电子显示器116显示信息给用户。处理系统160还可被配置来经由可旋转环112接收用户输入。如图1中所示，这些附加组件(包括处理系统160)可被封闭在外壳内。在下文中进一步详细描述这些附加组件。
根据一些实施方案，处理系统160能够执行恒温器的运行的支配。例如，处理系统160可被进一步编程和/或配置来维持和更新其中安装HVAC系统的封闭空间的热力学模型。根据一些实施方案，无线通信系统166可用于与诸如个人计算机、远程服务器、手持装置、智能电话和/或其它恒温器或HVAC系统组件的装置通信。这些通信可为对应通信、通过位于私人网络上一个或多个服务器的通信和/或通过云服务的通信。
如在共同转让的美国专利第12/881,430号(其以引用的方式并入本文中)中进一步描述，运动感应以及其它技术可用于检测和/或预测占用。根据一些实施方案，占用信息可用于产生有效和高效的排程项目。例如，主动式接近传感器170A可被提供来通过红外光反射检测靠近的用户以及环境光传感器170B可被提供来感测可见光。接近传感器170A可结合多个其它传感器用于检测大约一米范围内的接近度，使得恒温器100可在用户靠近恒温器以及在用户触摸恒温器之前启动“唤醒”。这种接近传感的使用可用于通过在用户准备与恒温器互动时或之后很快地“准备”互动而增强用户体验。此外，接近唤醒功能还允许通过在无用户互动发生或将发生时“睡眠”而在恒温器内实现节能。在本公开的其余部分内更详细得多地描述可使用各种类型的传感器以及“唤醒”功能的运行。
在一些实施方案中，恒温器可被实体和/功能划分为至少两个不同单元。在本公开内，这两个单元可被称作顶部单元和背板。图2图示根据一个实施方案的具有顶部单元210和背板212的恒温器208的分解透视图200。实体上，这种配置在安装过程期间可能是有利的。在本实施方案中，可首先将背板212附接至墙壁，且可将HVAC电线附接至背板212上的多个HVAC接头。接下来，可将顶部单元210连接至背板212以完成恒温器208的安装。
图3A图示根据一个实施方案的顶部单元330有关其主要组件的分解透视图300a。本文中，顶部单元330可包括电子显示器360。根据本实施方案，电子显示器360可包括LCD模块。此外，顶部单元330可包括用于将主要组件固定在完全装配的顶部单元330中的安装总成350。顶部单元330还可包括可用于一体化下文进一步描述的各种电子组件的电路板340。在这个特定实施方案中，顶部单元330的电路板340可包括用于检测恒温器的用户操控的操控传感器342。在使用可旋转环的实施方案中，如图3A中所示，操控传感器342可包括光学手指导航模块。可充电电池344还可被包括在顶部单元330的总成中。在一个优选实施方案中，可充电电池344可为锂离子电池，其可具有3.7伏的标称电压和560mAh的标称容量。
图3B图示根据一个实施方案的背板332有关其主要组件的分解透视图300b。背板332可包括可用于安装、保护或容纳背板电路板320 的框架310。背板电路板320可用于安装电子组件，包括一个或多个处理功能和/或一个或多个HVAC接线器322。一个或多个HVAC接线器322可包括一体化电线插入传感电路，其被配置来确定电线是机械和/或电连接至一个或多个HVAC接线器322的每一个。在这个特定实施方案中，两个相对较大的电容器324是可被安装至背板电路板320的电力窃取电路的一部分。本文在下文进一步讨论电力窃取电路。
除恒温器内简化安装过程的实体划分外，恒温器还可在顶部单元与背板之间功能划分。图4A图示根据一个实施方案的顶部单元的简化功能方框图400a。方框图400a体现的功能大体上是不言自明的，并且可使用一个或多个处理功能实施。如本文中所使用，术语“处理功能”可指硬件和/或软件的任意组合。例如，处理功能可包括微处理器、微控制器、分布式处理器、查找表、数字逻辑、模拟电路中实施的逻辑/算数函数和/或类似物。处理功能可被称作处理系统、处理电路或简称电路。
在本实施方案中，顶部单元上的处理功能可由ARM处理器实施。顶部单元处理功能可与电子显示器402、音频系统404和操控传感器406介接作为用户界面408的一部分。顶部单元处理功能还可通过与各种无线模块(诸如Wi-Fi模块412和/或ZigBee模块414)介接而促进无线通信410。此外，顶部单元处理功能可被配置来控制核心恒温器运行416，诸如运行HVAC系统。顶部单元处理功能还可被配置来确定或感测实体位置的占用418以及确定可用于确定时间-温度特性的建筑特性420。使用占用传感418，顶部单元上的处理功能还可被配置来学习和管理运行排程表422，诸如昼间制热和制冷排程表。电力管理模块462可用于与背板上的相应电力管理模块、可充电电池和背板上的电力控制电路464介接。
此外，顶部单元处理功能可包括一个或多个存储器和/或可通信地耦接至一个或多个存储器。一个或多个存储器可包括一组或多组指令，其导致处理功能如上所述运行。一个或多个存储器还可包括传感器历史和全局状态对象424。一个或多个存储器可与处理功能(诸如可在许多商用微处理器上获得的闪存或RAM存储器)一体化。顶部单元处理功能还可被配置来与云管理系统426介接，并且还可运行以在适当的情况下节省能源428。至背板处理功能430的界面432也可被包括在内并且可使用硬件接头实施。
图4B图示根据一个实施方案的背板的简化功能方框图。使用与图4A中所示的界面432匹配的界面436，背板处理功能可与顶部单元处理功能438通信。背板处理功能可包括电线插入传感440，其被耦接至被配置来基于不同电线连接状态提供信号的外部电路442。背板处理功能可被配置来通过驱动功率FET电路446以控制HVAC系统而管理HVAC开关致动444。
背板处理功能还可包括与多个传感器介接的传感器轮询界面448。在这个特定实施方案中，多个传感器可包括温度传感器、湿度传感器、PIR传感器、接近传感器、环境光传感器和未具体列出的其它传感器。这个列表无意详述。可取决于特定实施方案和应用使用其它类型的传感器，诸如声音传感器、火焰传感器、烟雾传感器和/或类似传感器。传感器轮询界面448可通信地耦接至传感器读取存储器450。传感器读取存储器450可存储传感器读数并且可位于微控制器或微处理器内部或外部。
最后，背板处理功能可包括电力管理单元460，其用于控制与背板一体化的各种数字和/或模拟组件并且用于管理恒温器的电力系统。虽然本领域一般技术人员将了解电力管理系统的许多不同实施，但是这个特定实施方案的电力管理系统可包括自举调节器462、电力窃取电路464、降压稳压器变换器466和/或电池控制器468。
图5图示根据一个实施方案的用于管理被恒温器消耗的电力的系统的简化方框图500。供电电路510包括全波桥式整流器520、存储和波形平滑化桥式输出电容器522(其可为例如30微法拉的量级)、降压稳压器调节电路524、电力和电池(PAB)调节电路528和可充电锂离子电池530。结合包括背板电力管理电路527、顶部单元电力管理电路529和微控制器508的其它控制电路，供电电路510可被配置和调适为具有下文描述的特性和功能。供电电路510和相关组件的进一步细节的描述可见于本公开和/或共同转让的美国专利第13/034,678号和上文美国专利第13/267,871号(其以引用的方式并入本文中)的其它部分。
凭借图5中所示的配置，当在安装时提供“C”型电线时，供电电路510运行为相对高功率、可充电电池辅助的AC至DC变换电源。当未提供“C”型电线时，供电电路510运行为电力窃取、可充电电池辅助的AC至DC变换电源。供电电路510通常用于提供电压Vcc干路，其由恒温器的各种电组件使用，在一个实施方案中，其可为大约4.0伏。对于存在“C”型电线的情况，无需担忧使HVAC呼叫继电器意外跳闸(如非主动电力窃取中)或不跳闸(针对主动电力窃取)且因此可假设可获得相对大量的电力。通常，由“C”型电线供应的功率将大于恒温器中其余电路在任意时候所需的瞬时功率。
但是，“C”型电线通常仅存在于大约20％住宅中。因此，供电电路510还可被配置来在不存在“C”型电线的情况下从其它HVAC电线之一“窃取”电力。如本文中所使用，“非主动电力窃取”指的是在不存在基于被窃取电力的引线的主动呼叫期间执行的电力窃取。因此，对于被窃取电力的是“Y”型引线的情况，“非主动电力窃取”指的是在不存在主动制冷呼叫时执行的电力窃取。如本文中所使用，“主动电力窃取”指的是在存在基于被窃取电力的引线的主动呼叫期间执行的电力窃取。因此，对于被窃取电力的是“Y”型引线的情况，“主动电力窃取”指的是在存在主动制冷呼叫时执行的电力窃取。在非主动或主动电力窃取期间，电力可窃取自可获得的呼叫继电器电线的所选之一。虽然电力窃取电路510的完整描述可见于先前以引用的方式已并入本文中的共同转让申请，但是为了本公开的目的下文简要说明是足够的。
恒温器中的一些组件(诸如顶部单元处理功能、用户界面和/或电子显示器)可能消耗比电力窃取单独可提供的更大的瞬时功率。当这些功耗更大的组件主动运行时，由电力窃取供应的电力可由可充电电池530补充。换句话说，当恒温器忙于运行时，诸如当电子显示器处于主动显示模式中时，电力可由电力窃取和可充电电池530供应。为了节省可充电电池530中存储的电力及为了为可充电电池530赋予充电的机会，一些实施方案优化顶部单元处理功能和电子显示器在主动模式中运行的时间量。换句话说，在一些实施方案中，在不影响用户体验的情况下尽可能长地使顶部单元处理功能保持在睡眠模式或低功率模式中及使电子显示器保持在非主动显示模式中可能是有利的。
当顶部单元处理功能和电子显示器处于非主动或睡眠模式中时，恒温器所消耗的电力通常小于由电力窃取提供的电力。因此，未被恒温器消耗的电力可用于给可充电电池530充电。在本实施方案中，背板处理功能508(可购自ST Microelectronics的MSP430或STM32L 32位超低功率的基于ARM的微处理器)可被配置来监测处于低功率模式中的环境传感器，且随后在需要时唤醒顶部单元处理功能532(诸如可购自Texas Instruments的AM3703Sitara ARM微处理器)以控制HVAC系统等。类似地，背板处理功能508可用于监测用于检测用户的接近度的传感器且在确定用户打算与恒温器介接时唤醒顶部单元处理系统532和/或电子显示器。
本领域一般技术人员应了解参考图1至图5描绘和描述的各种恒温器实施方案只是示例性的且无意有所限制。许多其它硬件和/或软件配置可用于实施恒温器和本文在下文中描述的各种功能。例如，顶部单元和背板电路和架构的进一步细节提供在2012年9月21日申请的美国专利申请第13/624,882号中，其以引用的方式并入本文中。所描述的实施方案应被视为可实施下列实施方案以提供启用公开的示例性平台。当然，下列方法、系统和/或软件程序产品也可使用不同类型的恒温器、不同硬件和/或不同软件实施。
图6图示智能住宅环境的实例，本文中进一步描述的一个或多个装置、方法、系统、服务和/或计算机程序产品可应用于其内。所描绘的智能住宅包括结构650，其包括，例如房屋、办公楼、车库或活动房屋。应了解，装置还可被一体化至不包括整个结构650(诸如公寓、公寓楼或办公空间)的智能住宅环境。此外，智能住宅环境可控制和/或耦接至实际结构650外的装置。实际上，智能住宅环境中的数个装置根本无需实体在结构650内。例如，控制泳池制热系统或灌溉系统的装置可位于结构650外。
所描绘的结构650包括多个房间652，其至少部分经由墙壁654彼此分开。墙壁654可包括内壁或外壁。每个房间还可包括地板656和天花板658。装置可被安装在墙壁654、地板或天花板上、与其一体化和/或由其支撑。
图6中所描绘的智能住宅包括多个装置，包括智能、多重传感、网络连接装置，其可彼此和/或与云服务器系统无缝地彼此一体化以提供任意多种有用的智能住宅目标。智能住宅环境中和/或附图中所示的一个、多个或每个装置可包括如本文中描述的一个或多个传感器、用户界面、电源、通信组件、模块化单元和智能软件。装置的实例示于图6中。
智能、多重传感、网络连接恒温器602可检测环境气候特性(例如，温度和/或湿度)并且控制制热、通风和空气调节(HVAC)系统603。本文参考恒温器100所示和/或描述的实施方案可同样及替代地结合如本文中所示和描述的恒温器602使用。在这个方面，如本文中对恒温器100和恒温器602的参考可根据一些实施方案彼此替代。此外，可根据一些实施方案将参考恒温器100或恒温器602描述的各种组件和/或总成结合其它描述的恒温器使用。
一个或多个智能、网络连接、多重传感危害检测单元604可检测住宅环境中有害物质和/或有害条件的存在(例如，烟雾、火灾或一氧化碳)。一个或多个智能、多重传感、网络连接入口通道界面装置606(其可被称作“智能门铃”)可检测人靠近或离开某一位置，控制声音功能、经由音频或可视构件告知人的靠近或离开或控制安保系统上的设置(例如，启动或停用安保系统)。
多个智能、多重传感、网络连接壁灯开关608的每一个可检测环境照明条件，检测房间占用状态以及控制一个或多个灯的功率和/或调暗状态。在一些情况下，灯开关608还可或替代地控制风扇(诸如吊扇)的功率状态或转速。多个智能、多重传感、网络连接壁式插座界面610的每一个可检测房间或封闭空间的占用并且控制至一个或多个壁式插座的供电(例如，使在无人在家的情况下电力不被供应至插座)。智能住宅还可包括多个智能、多重传感、网络连接电器612，诸如冰箱、烤炉和/或烤箱、电视、洗衣机、烘干机、灯(结构650内和/或外)、立体声系统、对讲系统、车库开门装置、落地扇、吊扇、大风扇、壁式空调、泳池制热系统614、灌溉系统616、安保系统(包括安保系统组件，诸如摄像机、运动检测器和窗/门传感器)等等。虽然图6的描述可识别与特定装置相关的特定传感器和功能，但是应了解，任意多种传感器和功能(诸如说明书中所描述的传感器和功能)可被一体化至装置中。
除含有处理和传感能力外，每个装置602、604、606、608、610、612、614和616可具有与任意其它装置602、604、606、608、610、612、614和616以及与任意云服务器或在全球任意第一区域网络连接的任意其它装置进行数据通信和信息共享的能力。装置可经由任意多种定制或标准无线协议(Wi-Fi、ZigBee、6LoWPAN等)和/或任意多种定制或标准有线协议(CAT6以太网、HomePlug等)发送和接收通信。壁式插座界面610可充当无线或有线重发器和/或可充当被插入AC插座且使用Homeplug或其它电力线协议通信的装置(i)和(ii)未插入AC插座的装置之间的桥接器。
例如，第一装置可经由无线路由器660与第二装置通信。装置还可经由至网络(诸如互联网662)的连接与远程装置通信。通过互联网662，装置可与中心服务器或云计算系统664通信。中心服务器或云计算系统664可与与装置相关的制造商、支持机构或服务提供商关联。对于一个实施方案，用户可能能够使用装置本身而非需要使用其它通信构件(诸如电话或互联网连接计算机)联系客户支持。此外，软件更新可自动从中心服务器或云计算系统664发送至装置(例如，在可获得时，在购买时或按定期间隔)。
凭借网络连接，一个或多个图6的智能住宅装置还可允许用户即使在用户未接近装置的情况下仍与装置互动。例如，用户可使用计算机(例如，台式计算机、膝上型计算机或平板电脑)或其它携带式电子装置(例如，智能电话)与装置通信。网页或应用软件可被配置来接收来自用户的通信并且基于通信控制装置和/或将有关装置运行的信息呈现给用户。例如，用户可观看装置的当前设定点温度并且使用计算机对其进行调整。用户可这种远程通信期间位于结构内或在结构外。
智能住宅还可包括多种非通信传统电器640，诸如老式传统洗衣机/烘干机、冰箱和类似电器，其可凭借壁式插座界面610控制(虽然不太细致)(开/关)。智能住宅还可包括多种部分通信的传统电器642，诸如IR控制的壁式空调或其它IR控制的装置，其可通过由危害检测单元604或灯开关608提供的IR信号控制。
图7图示根据一些实施方案的其内可一体化图6的智能住宅的可扩展装置和服务平台的网络级别图。来自图6的每个智能、网络连接装置可与一个或多个远程中心服务器或云计算系统664通信。通信可通过直接(例如，使用至无线运营商的3G/4G连接)、通过枢纽网络(其可为例如，从简单无线路由器至且包括智能、专用全住宅控制节点的方案)或通过其任意组合建立连接至互联网662而实现。
中心服务器或云计算系统664可收集来自智能住宅装置的运行数据702。例如，装置可定期传输运行数据或可在特定实例中传输运行数据(例如，在请求客户支持时)。中心服务器或云计算架构664还可提供一个或多个服务704。服务704可包括例如，软件更新、客户支持、传感器数据收集/记录、远程访问、远程或分布式控制或使用建议(例如，基于所收集的运行数据704以改进性能、降低公用事业成本等)。与服务704相关的数据可存储在中心服务器或云计算系统664上且中心服务器或云计算系统664可在合适时间(例如，定期、在接收到来自用户的请求时等)检索并且传输数据。
如图7中所示，所描述的可扩展装置和服务平台的一个显著特征是处理引擎706，其可集中在单个服务器上或可无限制地在数个不同的计算实体之间分布。处理引擎706可包括被配置来接收来自一组装置的数据(例如，经由互联网或枢纽网络)、索引数据、分析数据和/或基于分析或作为分析的部分产生统计数据的引擎。经分析数据可被存储为导出数据708。分析的结果或统计数据随后可被传输回提供用于导出结果的ops数据的装置、其它装置、提供网页给装置的用户的服务器或其它非装置实体。例如，可传输使用统计数据、有关其它装置的使用的使用统计数据、使用模式和/或总结传感器读数的统计数据。结果或统计数据可经由互联网662提供。以此方式，处理引擎706可被配置和编程来从获自智能住宅的运行数据中导出多种有用信息。单个服务器可包括一个或多个引擎。
导出数据可针对多种有用目的在多种不同粒度上高度有利，范围从按每个住宅、每个街道或每个区域(例如，针对电力公用事业的需求响应程序)的显式编程控制至按每个住宅产生可协助的推断抽象(例如，可得出屋主已出门度假且因此安保检测设备的灵敏度可被加强的推断)至产生可用于政府或慈善目的的统计数据和相关推断抽象。例如，处理引擎706可产生有关跨装置群体的装置使用的统计数据并且将统计数据发送至装置用户、服务提供商或其它实体(例如，已请求或可能已为统计数据提供货币性补偿的实体)。作为特定说明，统计数据可被传输至慈善团体777、政府机构724(例如，食品和药物管理局或环保署)、学术机构726(例如，大学研究机构)、企业728(例如，为相关设备提供装置保修或服务)或公用事业公司730。这些机构可使用数据以形成减少能源使用、预先维修故障设备、为高维修需求作准备、追踪过往无维修表现等或执行现在已知或下文制定的任意多种有利功能或任务的程序。
图8图示图7的可扩展装置和服务平台的抽象功能图，其具体参考处理引擎706以及智能住宅的装置。即使位于智能住宅中的装置将具有无穷种不同的个别能力和限制，但是其都可被视为共享共同的特性，因为其中每一个是数据消费者802(DC)、数据源804(DS)、服务消费者806(SC)和服务源808(SS)。有利地，除提供装置实现其本地和直接目标所需的关键控制信息外，可扩展装置和服务平台还可被配置来治理从这些装置流出的大量数据。除提高或优化装置本身有关其直接功能的实际运行外，可扩展装置和服务平台还可涉及以多种自动化、可扩展、灵活和/或可伸缩方式“再利用”所述数据以实现多种有用目标。这些目标可基于例如，使用模式、装置效率和/或用户输入(例如，请求特定功能)预定义或自适应地识别。
例如，图8将处理引擎706示为包括多个范例810。处理引擎706可包括监测和管理主要或辅助设备功能的管理服务范例810a。装置功能可包括在给定用户输入的情况下确保装置的适当运行、估计(例如，及响应)入侵者在居所中或试图进入居所、检测耦接至装置的设备的故障(例如，灯泡烧坏)、实施或另外响应能源需求响应事件或提醒用户当前或预测的未来事件或特性。处理引擎706还可包括广告/通信范例810b，其基于装置使用估计用户的特性(例如，人口统计信息)、需求和/或目标产品。随后服务、促销、产品或更新可被提供或自动提供给用户。处理引擎706还可包括社交范例810c，其使用来自社交网络的信息、将信息提供至社交网络(例如，基于装置使用)、处理与用户和/或装置与社交网络平台的互动相关的数据。例如，如报告给其在社交网络上的信任联系人的用户状态可被更新以基于光检测、安保系统未启动或装置使用检测器指示其何时在家。作为另一个实例，用户可能能够与其它用户共享装置使用统计数据。处理引擎706可包括挑战/规则/遵守/奖励范例810d，其将挑战、规则、遵从规定和/或奖励告知用户和/或使用运行数据以确定是否遇到挑战、是否遵守规则或规定和/或是否赢得奖励。挑战、规则或规定可涉及节省能源、安全生活(例如，减少暴露于毒物或致癌物质)、省钱和/或延长设备使用寿命、增进健康等的努力。
处理引擎可一体化或另外利用来自外来源的外来信息816以改进一个或多个处理范例的功能。外来信息816可用于解译接收自装置的运行数据、确定装置附近(例如，封闭装置的结构外)的环境的特性、确定用户可获得的服务或产品、识别社交网络或社交网络信息、确定机构(例如，公共服务机构，诸如应急响应小组、警察局或医院)的联系信息等、识别与住宅或街道相关的统计或环境条件、趋势或其它信息及等等。
非同寻常的范围和种类的好处可由所描述的可扩展装置和服务平台带来或在其范围内，范围从普通到意义深远。因此，在一个“普通实例”中，智能住宅的每个卧室可被提供包括占用传感器的烟雾/火灾/CO警报器，其中占用传感器还能够推断(例如，凭借运动检测、面部识别、可听声音类型等)居住者是睡或醒的。如果感测到严重的火灾事件，那么远程安保/监控公司或消防队被告知每个卧室有多少居住者以及这些居住者是否还在睡觉(或不动)或其是否适当地撤离卧室。虽然这当然是由所描述的可扩展装置和服务平台提供的非常有利的能力，但是可能存在“意义深远”得多的实例，其可真实说明可获得的更大“智能”的潜力。通过可能是更“意义深远”的实例，用于火灾安全的相同数据卧室占用数据还可在街道儿童发展和教育的社会范例的情况下被处理引擎706“再利用”。因此，例如，“常规”实例中所讨论的相同卧室占用和移动数据可被收集并且用于处理(适当匿名)，其中特定地区的学生的睡眠模式可被识别并且追踪。学生的睡眠模式的本地变化可被识别并且关联至例如本地学校的不同营养项目。
图9是根据一些实施方案的HVAC系统的示意图。HVAC系统603提供封闭空间的制热、制冷、通风和/或空气调节，诸如图6中描绘的结构650。系统603描绘增压空气型制热和制冷系统，但是根据其它实施方案，可使用其它类型的HVAC系统，诸如基于辐射热的系统、基于热泵的系统和其它系统。
为了执行制热功能，空气处理器940内的制热盘管或元件942经由线路936使用电或气体提供热源。使用风扇938经由回风管道946透过过滤器970将冷风从封闭空间中抽出，并且透过制热盘管或元件942将其制热。热风经由送风管道系统952和送风调风器(诸如调风器950)在一个或多个位置上流回至封闭空间。在制冷时，外部压缩机930使气体(诸如氟利昂)通过一组热交换器盘管且随后穿过膨胀阀。气体随后通过线路932至空气处理器940中的冷却盘管或蒸发器盘管934，其中其膨胀、冷却且冷却经由风扇938循环的空气。在各种实施方案中可任选地包括加湿器954，其在空气穿过管道系统952之前，使湿气返回空气。虽然图9中未示出，但是HVAC系统603的替代实施方案可具有其它功能(诸如将空气排出至外部及从外部通入)、控制管道系统952内的气流的一个或多个阻尼器和应急制热单元。HVAC系统603的总体运行由经由控制电线948与恒温器602通信的控制电子装置912选择性致动。
图10A至图10D图示根据一些实施方案的具有美观、光滑、时髦和圆形外观而同时包括用于检测占用和/或用户的一个或多个传感器的恒温器。图10A是恒温器602的正视图，图10B是其仰视图，图10C是右侧视图，且图10D是其透视图。与许多现有技术恒温器不同，恒温器602具有时髦、简单、整洁和优雅的设计，其不使住宅装修逊色并且实际上可充当其被安装的直接位置的美观中心件。此外，通过恒温器602的设计经由已知的传统恒温器促进并且大大增强与恒温器602的用户互动。恒温器602包括控制电路并且电连接至HVAC系统603，诸如图6至图9中所示。类似于本文中所示和描述的恒温器100，恒温器602是可壁装的、形状是圆形的且具有用于接收用户输入的可旋转外环1012。恒温器602的形状是圆形的，因为其在被安装在墙壁上时像大致盘状圆形物体。恒温器602具有位于外环1012内侧的大的凸状圆形正面。根据一些实施方案，恒温器602的直径大约为80mm且在壁装时从墙壁突出32mm。可旋转外环1012允许用户进行调整，诸如选择新的设定点温度。例如，通过顺时针旋转外环1012，可升高实时(例如，当前活动)的设定点温度且通过逆时针旋转外环1012，可降低实时设定点温度。恒温器602的正面包括：透明盖1014，其根据一些实施方案是聚碳酸酯；和菲涅耳透镜1010，其具有匹配恒温器602的弯曲外部正面的轮廓的外形状。根据一些实施方案，菲涅耳透镜元件形成在菲涅耳透镜件1010的内表面上，使得通过观看恒温器602的外部无法明显看见它。菲涅耳透镜后方是用于检测占用的被动式红外线传感器1050且菲涅耳透镜件1010由具有适于人体的灵敏度的红外线透射范围的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制成。如图10A至图10D中所示，旋转环1012的前边缘、正面1014和菲涅耳透镜1010成形使得其一起形成一体化凸状圆形正面，其具有稍微向外弓的共同向外弧形或球形。
虽然由单个透镜状材料件(诸如聚碳酸酯)形成，但是盖1014具有两个不同区域或部分，其包括外部分1014o和中心部分1014i。根据一些实施方案，盖1014围绕外部分1014o被喷漆或作烟色处理，但是保留中心部分1014i清楚透明以促进被安置在其下方的电子显示器1016的观看。根据一些实施方案，弯曲盖1014充当透镜，其倾向于将电子显示器1016中显示的信息放大给用户。根据一些实施方案，中心电子显示器1016是点阵式格局(即，可个别定址)，使得可产生任意形状，而非分段格局。根据一些实施方案，采用点阵式格局和分段格局的组合。根据一些实施方案，中心显示器1016为背光彩色液晶显示器(LCD)。电子显示器1016上显示的信息的实例图示在图10A中，且包括代表当前设定点温度的中心数字1020。恒温器602优选地被构造使得电子显示器1016处于固定定向且不随外环1012旋转，使得电子显示器1016保持易被用户读取。对于一些实施方案，盖1014和菲涅耳透镜1010也保持为固定定向且不随外环1012旋转。根据恒温器602的直径为大约80mm的一个实施方案，电子显示器1016的直径为大约410mm。根据一些实施方案，恒温器602的前表面的稍微向外弯曲形状(其由盖1014、菲涅耳透镜1010和环1012的正向部分组成)是球形的且与具有100mm与150mm之间的半径的球形匹配。根据一些实施方案，恒温器正面的球形半径为大约136mm。
如在共同转让的美国申请第12/881,430号(其以引用的方式并入本文中)中进一步描述，结合PIR传感器1050的运动传感以及其它技术可用于检测和/或预测占用。根据一些实施方案，占用信息用于产生有效和高效的排程程序。第二向下倾斜PIR传感器1052被提供来检测靠近的用户。接近传感器1052可用于检测大约一米范围内的接近度，使得恒温器602可在用户靠近恒温器以及在用户触摸恒温器之前启动“唤醒”。这种接近传感的使用可用于通过在用户准备与恒温器互动时或之后很快地“准备”互动而增强用户体验。此外，接近唤醒功能还允许通过在无用户互动发生或将发生时“睡眠”而在恒温器内实现节能。
根据一些实施方案，类似于本文中所示和描述的恒温器100，为了鼓舞用户信息和进一步提高外观和功能简洁的共同目的，恒温器602可仅由两种类型的用户输入控制，第一种是如图10A中所示的外环1012的旋转(下文中被称作“旋转环”或“环旋转”输入)且第二种是内推顶部单元1040直到可听见和/或可触知的“点击声”发生(下文中被称作“向内点击”或简称“点击”输入)。对于一些实施方案，顶部单元1040是包括所有外环1012、盖1014、电子显示器1016和菲涅耳透镜1010的总成。当被用户向内按压时，顶部单元1040抵着内部金属圆顶开关(未示出)向内行进达较小量(诸如0.5mm)且随后在向内压力被释放时向外弹回相同量，为用户的手部提供满意的可触知“点击”感，以及相应的轻微可听见的点击声。因此，对于图10A至图10D的实施方案，可通过直接按压外环1012本身或通过凭借在盖1014、透镜1010或其各种组合上提供向内压力而间接按压外环而实现向内点击。对于其它实施方案，恒温器602可被机械构造，使得仅外环1012针对向内点击输入而向内行进，而盖1014及透镜1010保持不动。应了解向内行进以实现“向内点击”输入的特定机械元件的多种不同选择和组合在本教导的范围内，无论它是外环1012本身、盖1014的一些部分或其一些组合。但是，已发现为用户提供以单手和以相关的最小时间量和力量在进行“环旋转”与“向内点击”之间快速往返的能力是特别有利的且因此通过按压外环1012直接提供向内点击的能力已被发现是特别有利的，因为用户的手指无需从与装置的接触抬离或沿着其表面滑动以在环旋转与向内点击之间交替。此外，凭借将电子显示器1016策略性地放置在可旋转环1012内部中心，提供进一步优点，即用户可在整个输入过程中自然地将其注意力集中在电子显示器上，在其手执行其功能的位置的正中心。直观外环旋转(尤其如应用于(但不限于)更改恒温器的设定点温度)、结合向内点击的令人满意的实体感方便地折叠一起，连同提供在其手指活动期间自然关注电子显示器的组合，显著增加直观、无缝和极为有趣的用户体验。根据一些实施方案采用的有利机械用户界面和相关设计的进一步描述可见于美国申请第13/033,573号、美国申请第29/386,021号和美国申请第13/199,108号，其都以引用的方式并入本文中。
图10B和图10C是恒温器602的仰视图和右侧视图，其已被发现当在多种不同的住宅环境和住宅背景中比照多种不同的墙壁颜色和墙壁纹理进行观看时，提供特别美观和百搭的外观。虽然恒温器本身将在功能上适应如本文中和一个或多个共同转让的并入申请中描述的用户的排程表，但是外形状被特别构造来传达“变色龙”品质或特性，使得整个装置看起来在视觉和装饰意义上与住宅和经营场所环境中所有的许多最常见的墙壁颜色和墙壁纹理自然相融，至少部分因为其将看起来在从许多不同角度观看时呈现环境色彩以及甚至纹理。
根据一些实施方案，恒温器602包括处理系统1060、显示驱动器1064和无线通信系统1066。处理系统1060被调适来使显示驱动器1064和显示器1016显示信息给用户并且经由可旋转环1012接收用户输入。根据一些实施方案，处理系统1060具有执行支配包括各种用户界面部件的恒温器602的运行的能力。处理系统1060还被编程和配置来执行如在下文中和/或在其它共同转让的并入申请中进一步描述的其它操作。例如，处理系统1060还被编程和配置来维持和更新其中安装HVAC系统的封闭空间的热力学模型，其诸如描述于美国申请第12/881,463号中和国际专利申请第PCT/US11/51579号中，其都以引用的方式并入本文中。根据一些实施方案，无线通信系统1066用于与诸如个人计算机和/或其它恒温器或HVAC系统组件的装置通信，所述通信可为对应通信、通过位于私人网络上一个或多个服务器的通信和/或通过云服务的通信。
根据一些实施方案，为便于尤其由非专家安装者(诸如用户)安装、配置和/或更新，恒温器602包括顶部单元1040和背板(或壁对接部)1042。如上文描述，恒温器602是壁装的且具有圆形形状并且具有用于接收用户输入的可旋转外环1012。恒温器602的顶部单元1040可滑动地安装至背板1042上且从其上可滑动地拆卸。根据一些实施方案，可使用磁铁、卡口、闩和卡掣、突片或肋部结合匹配的凹口或简单使用顶部单元1040和背板1042的匹配部上的摩擦力实现顶部单元1040至背板1042的连接。此外，如同在申请中的专利申请美国申请第13/034,674号和第13/034,678号(其以引用的方式并入本文中)进一步详细描述，在图10A中示出一种可充电电池1022，其使用使用来自背板的电力(其经由电力收获(也被称作电力窃取和/或电力共享)从HVAC系统控制电路或从共同电线(若有)获得)的充电电路1024充电。根据一些实施方案，可充电电池1022是单个锂离子电池或锂-聚合物电池。
图11A至图11B分别图示恒温器602有关其两个主要组件(其是顶部单元1040和背板1042)的分解正面和背面透视图。下文说明的各种电组件和机械组件之一的进一步技术和/或功能描述可见于一个或多个共同转让的申请(诸如以引用的方式并入本文中的美国申请第13/199,108号)。在本文所示的图中，“z”方向是从墙壁向外，“y”方向是有关走近的用户的脚趾至头部方向，且“x”方向是用户的左至右方向。
图11C至图11D分别图示顶部单元1040有关其主要组件的分解正面和背面透视图。顶部单元1040包括背盖1136、底部框架1134、电池总成1132、外环1012(其被操控用于环旋转)、顶部单元正面总成1130、前透镜1014和菲涅耳透镜1010。顶部单元正面总成1130上的电组件可凭借背盖1136上的带状电缆和/或其它插头型电连接器连接至背板1042上的电组件。顶部单元正面总成1130经由四个凸台固定至顶部单元背盖1136和底部框架1134。外环1012由此被保持在顶部单元顶部框架1152上的支承表面(下文图11E及图11F中所示)与底部框架1134上的支承表面之间。尤其，环1012在z方向上的运动受限于顶部框架1152和底部框架1134上的平坦支承表面，而环在x和y方向上的运动受限于底部框架1134上的圆形表面。根据一些实施方案，底部框架1134和/或顶部框架1152的支承表面被涂油和/或另外润滑以光滑化或润化环1012的旋转移动。附接至顶部框架1152的是顶部单元印刷电路板(PCB)1154，许多顶部单元电路安装在其上，包括如参考图10A所示和描述的一些或所有处理系统1060、显示驱动器1064、无线通信系统1066和电池充电电路1024以及一个或多个附加存储器存储组件。根据一些实施方案，电路和组件被安装在PCB 1154的两侧上。屏蔽罩1156(图11D中可见)围绕PCB 1154上的大部分或所有顶部单元电路和组件且用于屏蔽电路和组件不受电磁干扰影响。虽然不可见，但是根据一些实施方案，屏蔽罩1156围绕PCB 1154两侧上的电路和组件。
电池总成1132包括可充电锂离子电池1022，其对于一个优选实施方案而言具有3.7伏的标称电压和560mAh的标称容量。但是，为了延长电池使用寿命，通常通过恒温器电池充电电路为电池1022充电不超过450mAh。此外，虽然电池1022额定为能够被充电为4.2伏，但是恒温器电池充电电路通常不为其充电超过3.95伏。电池总成1132还包括连接电线1166和使用强力粘合剂附接至电池522以及使用相对较弱粘合剂附接至顶部单元PCB 1154的后屏蔽罩1156的电池安装膜1164。通过使用较弱粘合剂将电池总成1132的膜1164安装至PCB 1154的屏蔽罩1156，促进电池总成1132(包括电池522)的后续更换。根据一些实施方案，电池总成1132是可由用户更换的。
图11E至图11F分别图示顶部单元正面总成1130有关其主要组件的分解正面和背面透视图。顶部单元正面总成1130包括顶部单元顶部框架1152、顶部单元PCB 1154和LCD模块1162。子板1160连接至顶部单元PCB 1154且包括被配置和定位来感测外环1012的旋转的光学手指导航(OFN)模块。OFN模块径向向外定向(即，垂直于z轴且背离恒温器的中心)。OFN模块使用类似于光学计算机鼠标的运行的方法来感测外环1012的内面上纹理化表面的移动。明显地，OFN模块是由相对功率密集型顶部单元微处理器而非相对低功率背板微处理器控制的非常少的传感器之一。这可在无潜在的过量功率耗用的情况下实现，因为当用户手动转动调谐钮时，顶部单元微处理器会总是唤醒，因此无论如何不存在过量的唤醒功率耗用。有利地，还可由顶部单元微处理器提供非常快速的响应。图11E和图11F中还可见菲涅耳透镜1010，其结合被安装在PIR板1150上的两个PIR运动传感器运行。两个或更多个温度传感器也位于顶部单元1040中并且协作以获得可靠和准确的室温数据。温度传感器之一位于子板1160上且另一个被安装在顶部单元PCB 1154上。
图11G至图11H分别图示根据一些实施方案的背板单元1042有关其主要组件的分解正面和背面透视图。背板单元1042包括背板后板1182、背板电路板1180和背板盖1170。图11G中可见的是包括一体化机械电线插入感应电路的HVAC接线器1184和由被安装在背板电路板1180上的电力窃取电路的部分使用的相对较大电容器1186。根据一些实施方案，背板1042包括外壳中的电子装置和温度/湿度传感器。接线器1184被提供来允许连接至HVAC系统电线，其穿过大的中心圆形开口1190，其在每个背板主要组件中可见。每个背板主要组件中还可见的是用于将背板固定至墙壁的两个安装孔1192和1194。已发现背板上的单个顶部壁装孔1192允许安装期间的自调平，由此进一步提高恒温器602的非专业安装的简易性。图11G和图11H中也可见用于进一步促进恒温器602的用户可安装性的气泡水准仪1172和支架1174。
图12A至图12B分别示出根据一些实施方案的PIR板1150的正面和背面透视图。较大PIR传感器1050被安装为平行于墙壁(即，传感器平面垂直于z轴)，且用于检测与占用相关的运动。较小的PIR传感器1052位于较大PIR传感器1050的上方且稍微向下倾斜以改进靠近用户的检测。图12C和图12D分别示出根据一些实施方案的菲涅耳透镜1010的正面和背面透视图。如图12C中可见，菲涅耳透镜1010的前外表面1220是光滑且弯曲的以与恒温器602的外表面的其余部分的形状一体化，即，如图上文图10A至图10D中所示的盖1014的外表面和外环1012的前边缘。除具有与恒温器602的前表面的其余部分匹配的透镜1010的前表面1220的轮廓外，还发现具备透镜1010的表面1220与盖1014的外部分1014o之间的色彩匹配形成美观的装置以及通过减小对用户造成的分心而增强用户界面。根据一些实施方案，盖1014的外部分1014o作烟色处理或被涂黑，且透镜1010由黑色HDPE材料制成，其具有适合于人体的灵敏度的红外线透射范围。
如图12D中可见，在菲涅耳透镜1010的内表面或后表面上，形成菲涅耳透镜元件1210，包括六个单独的小透镜1212。6个小透镜1212的每一个是单独的菲涅耳透镜。每个小透镜应依据在系统中相对于PIR传感器的位置和定向，以及依据需可被PIR传感器观看的监测区域设计。在选择小透镜的数量时，存在光收集与每个区域的大小之间的取舍。已发现6元件透镜适于一系列应用，但是可使用其它数量和大小的小透镜。图12D中还可见的是用于定位如图11E和图11F中所示被安装在子板1160上的温度传感器的定位的刻出区段1214。
图12E和图12F是分别示出根据一些实施方案的PIR传感器与菲涅耳透镜的相对定位的侧视图和横截面图。较大PIR传感器1050的大致视场由虚线箭头示出且较小PIR传感器1052的大致视场由点划线箭头示出。如可见，针对占用使用的较大PIR传感器1050具有主要正向视场，而用于预测用户想要与恒温器直接互动的较小PIR传感器1052具有主要向下视场。注意，在所示的实施方案中，顶部框架1152的内表面部分遮挡PIR传感器1052的视场以进一步限制传感器相对靠近恒温器的灵敏度运动。注意，在所示的实施方案中，PIR传感器1052和正向PIR传感器1050一样被引导穿过相同的菲涅耳透镜1010。根据一些替代实施方案，单独的小透镜可用于较小的PIR传感器1052或可使用完全不同的透镜件。
恒温器接近阈值
在需要电力管理系统的恒温器中，诸如上述实施方案，可能需要智能控制用户界面上的电子显示器在主动显示模式中运行的时间。即使在可用“C”型电线或另外被提供足够的外部电力的恒温器中，可能仍需要智能控制电子显示器。用户可能更喜欢恒温器在其靠近时“启动”，因此提供一种看似甚至在操控事件之前响应用户的用户界面。
在具有功耗意识的系统中，先进的电子显示器可用于为恒温器赋予现代和先进的观感。这些先进的电子显示器可包括背光、LCD显示器、彩色显示器、图形和/或光栅显示能力、快速帧或刷新速率和/或类似物。这些特征可导致电子显示器使用大量电力。此外，这些部件可能需要微控制器或微处理器与电子显示器介接。可能需要大量的处理操作来显示图形、菜单、动画和/或预示温度变化的变色。在本公开之前，这些先进的电子显示器需要外部电力或“C”型电线连接至恒温器。因此，无法获得外部电力和/或“C”型电线的住宅或住址无法在无需对住宅或住址进行重大的电气升级的情况下使用先进的恒温器。其取而代之受限于具有电子显示器的恒温器，其可能仅以由HVAC系统的呼叫继电器电线提供的电力运行。
但是，在本文描述的恒温器实施方案中，先进的电子显示器可结合可充电电池使用。如上所述，电力可主动或非主动“窃取”自所选的呼叫继电器电线，并且可用于给可充电电池充电以及给恒温器供电。许多先进的电子显示器和控制其所需的微处理器一起可能需要比电力窃取可瞬时提供的多的电力。换句话说，单独使用电力窃取给先进的电子显示器和微处理器一起供电可能导致HVAC系统中的呼叫继电器跳闸或将电力窃取解译为HVAC功能呼叫，导致意外的制热、制冷、风扇启动和/或类似情况。
因此，在电力窃取系统中，电子显示器在可可靠推断用户未靠近恒温器以与恒温器互动或另外观看电子显示器期间应在非主动显示模式中运行。在非主动显示模式期间，电力窃取可供应比运行恒温器所需的多的电力且多余电力可用于给可充电电池充电。在可可靠推断用户正靠近恒温器以与恒温器互动或观看电子显示器期间，电子显示器可在主动显示模式中运行。虽然电力窃取无法可靠提供足够的平均功率以在处于主动显示模式中的同时运行电子显示器，但是可充电电池可提供附加功率，使得HVAC系统不跳闸。
使用可充电电池实现在电力窃取系统中使用先进的电子显示器，但是仅使用有限次数。应了解，如果电子显示器在主动显示模式中连续运行，那么可充电电池将最终失去其电荷并且不再能够供应足够的电力。在没有可充电电池的情况下，电力窃取无法在不使HVAC系统跳闸的情况下供应足够电力。因此，本文中描述的方法和系统提供可用于控制用户界面上的电子显示器何时应在非主动显示模式和主动显示模式中运行的技术。
再次，用于智能控制电子显示器的这些方法和系统不限于电力窃取系统。可获得大量电力的环境控制装置也可从这些实施方案中获益。例如，用户可能更喜欢在其靠近时以欢迎方式启动的电子显示器。关闭未占用房间中的电子显示器以防止多余的光产生并且影响较暗气氛可能是有用的。通常，根据环境和可持续性关注节省电力(不管其如何提供)也可能是有用的。
有关恒温器中的电力管理的进一步细节(包括电力窃取和电池充电和电力节省)，请查阅美国专利申请第13/034,678号、第13/267,877号和第13/267,871号，每个申请以引用的方式并入本文中。
在一个实施方案中，恒温器可包括被安置在外壳内且可通信地耦接至用户界面的处理系统。处理系统可包括如上文定义的一个或多个处理功能。处理系统还可被配置来与一个或多个传感器通信。一个或多个传感器可用于确定环境空气温度和其它环境条件。至少一个传感器可被配置来检测用户与恒温器的用户界面的实体接近。一个或多个传感器可与处理系统可操作地通信并且可用于确定接近阈值何时被超过或靠近的用户何时匹配接近配置文件。作为响应，处理系统可使用户界面处于主动显示模式中。
图13图示根据一个实施方案的由恒温器1302监测的区域的俯视图1300。根据一些实施方案，恒温器1302是诸如本文中所示和描述的恒温器100和/或恒温器602的恒温器。恒温器1302所监测的区域可包括建筑内的房间、门厅、开放式起居区域和/或类似区域。恒温器1302的温度传感器可被配置来检测被监测区域的环境温度。如图13所示，恒温器1302的各种传感器可具有不同的响应区域。例如，多个传感器之一可包括响应区域1304，其具有由虚线标注的最大距离。类似地，多个传感器的另一个可包括响应区域1306，其具有由虚线标注的最大距离。在这个示例性情况中，两个区域1304和1306的侧边界由点划线标注。如本文中所使用，术语“响应区域”可包括其中传感器被配置来检测的现象将产生传感器响应的区域。例如，与响应区域1304相关的运动检测器可检测满足运动检测器的规格的对象的响应区域1304内的运动。
仅产生来自传感器的响应可能不足以推断用户正靠近恒温器以观看电子显示器。由传感器在其相关响应区域内发生事件时产生的实际响应将在许多情况下取决于事件的强度或事件至恒温器的距离。例如，如果事件沿着相关响应区域的周边发生，那么传感器的响应可能是小的。但是，如果事件更靠近恒温器发生，那么传感器的响应可能较大。因此，可确定传感器响应的阈值以启动电子显示器。
例如，与响应区域1306相关的传感器可用于设定阈值以启动电子显示器。通常，阈值可对应于电压/电流输出、数字读出、频率或传感器的其它类似电输出。阈值可对应于针对具有已知强度的事件的特定距离，诸如虚线所示的距离1308。例如，用户靠近具有与响应区域1306相关的PIR传感器的恒温器1302可能在进入恒温器1302的距离1308内时行经阈值。体型较大者或快速移动者可能在相同阈值下在与距离1308相比更近或更远的位置上行经阈值。
在一些实施方案中，阈值可被称作“接近阈值”。当接近阈值被违反时，处理系统可被配置来使用户界面和/或电子显示器处于主动显示模式。违反阈值可包括处于或高于阈值的传感器响应。在其它实施方案中，违反阈值可包括处于或高于针对预定时间间隔的阈值的传感器响应。在另外其它实施方案中，违反阈值可能要求传感器响应超越阈值预定次数。
在类似于图4A至图4B中描述的恒温器的实施方案中，可使用两个不同的处理功能。第一处理功能可包括被配置来在接近阈值已被超过时检测的第一处理器。第一处理功能随后可响应于接近阈值被超过将第二处理功能(其可包括第二处理器)从低功率模式唤醒。通常，第二处理器随后可使电子显示器在主动模式中运行。第一处理功能可包括低功率微控制器(诸如可购自ST Microelectronics的MSP430或STM32L 32位超低功率的基于ARM的微处理器)。第二处理功能可包括较高功率微处理器。第二处理功能可在睡眠模式或低功率模式中运行，其需要比电力窃取可可靠供应的少的电力。第一处理功能可主要在需要比由电力窃取供应的少的平均电力的状态中运行。当第二处理功能在主动模式中运行且电子显示器在主动显示模式中运行时，这两个运行一起可能要求比电力窃取可供应的大的平均电力。
虽然，上文讨论的相关阈值仅使用单个值作为阈值，但是这只是示例性的。其它实施方案可使用多个阈值来形成所谓的“接近配置文件”。接近配置文件可包括多个传感器读数。在一个实施方案中，接近配置文件可包括来自单个传感器的单个阈值，而在其它实施方案中，接近配置文件可包括来自多个传感器的特性响应。多个传感器可用于进一步产生在每个特定环境中用户的靠近特征。例如，运动传感器、热传感器、声音传感器和/或生物测定传感器都可提供响应至处理功能。接着，处理功能可分析所有这些响应以确定其是否充分匹配预期的靠近特征。如果这些响应充分匹配，那么处理功能可确定用户正靠近恒温器以观看电子显示器。匹配接近配置文件可能是近似的并且可能取决于每个特定环境。如果传感器在特定范围内和提供特定范围中的响应的其它传感器之间的特定延迟间隔内提供响应，那么接近配置文件可匹配。
由于每个环境可能是不同的，所以处理系统可被配置来智能定义合适的阈值并且可能在恒温器的使用寿命内连续改善阈值以适应被监测区域内变化的用户类型、位置和/或环境条件。返回图13，与响应区域1306相关的接近传感器可用于检测阈值违反以及定义和改善阈值。如本文中所使用，术语“接近传感器”可用于指被配置来检测用户与恒温器的用户界面的实体接近的任意传感器。接近传感器可包括PIR运动检测器、近场PIR运动检测器和其它类似传感器。根据一些实施方案，接近传感器是向下定向的PIR传感器，诸如使用本文中所示和描述的传感器1052。根据一个特定实施方案，接近传感器可被称作“主动式接近传感器，其可包括被配置来发射电磁辐射并且接收来自附近物体的电磁辐射反射的传感器。在一个实施方案中，接近传感器可包括可商购的传感器，诸如来自Silicon Labs的Si1142和/或来自Excelitas的PYD1998、PYD5731和/或PYD1794。
在一个实施方案中，处理系统可被配置来至少部分基于如由一个或多个接近传感器检测的历史实体接近事件自动调整接近阈值。在一个实施方案中，“实体接近事件”可包括由接近传感器记录的任意响应，其可指示用户在接近传感器的响应区域内。在另一个实施方案中，实体接近事件可包括来自接近传感器的未在响应区域中检测到用户的一系列响应。如将在下文中进一步描述，这个第二实施方案以此方式界定实体接近事件，因为阈值可被设定为稍微高于环境噪声级。
在一个示例性情形中，具有响应区域1306的接近传感器可定期将传感器读数提供至处理系统用于存储和分析。当未在响应区域1306内发现用户时，可记录环境噪声级。当用户进入响应区域1306时，可记录响应级。使用实体接近事件的历史，处理系统可将阈值设定在环境噪声级和与用户相关的响应级之间的某处。
在一个实施方案中，难以仅使用单个传感器区分环境噪声级与用户响应级。在本实施方案中，一个或多个附加传感器可用于区分接近传感器中的噪声响应与基于用户的响应。例如，与响应区域1306相关的接近传感器可结合恒温器1302上的实体操控传感器和/或与响应区域1304相关的第二传感器使用。通常，可结合来自一个或多个附加传感器的响应分析来自接近传感器的每组响应以确定该组响应应被归类为噪声或基于用户的响应。
图14图示根据一个实施方案的在一个时间周期内的各种类型的原始传感器响应的表示1400。第一类型的传感器可提供响应1402，而第二类型的传感器可提供响应1404。根据一些实施方案，具有响应1402和1404的传感器为相同类型(诸如两者都是PIR传感器)，但，诸如在本文中所示和描述的PIR传感器1050和1052的情况中其尺寸和/或位置不同。第一响应1402的特征可为以值X为中心的环境噪声级。第二响应1404的特征可为结合平均值Y而随时间正弦变化的环境噪声级。在两个这些情形中，确定基准程序可帮助上述确定阈值操作。在响应1402的情况中，可从实际传感器响应中减去平均值以提供以0为中心的环境噪声级响应。类似地，在响应1404的情况中，高通滤波器可用于过滤正弦漂移，且可从所得响应中减去平均值Y以提供以0为中心的环境噪声级响应。响应1406可为这些操作之一的结果。应了解，其它原始传感器响应还可能需要一些类型的基准确定程序。鉴于本公开，本领域一般技术人员可易于遵循上述这些程序的实例并且将其应用于各种其它的传感器类型。
图15图示根据一个实施方案的在相同时间间隔内针对三个不同传感器的个别传感器响应的表示1500。响应1502可与第一接近传感器关联，而响应1506可与第二接近传感器关联。在本实施方案中，第一接近传感器可与小于与第二接近传感器关联的响应区域的响应区域关联。第一接近传感器可包括近场PIR运动传感器或被配置来发射电磁辐射和接收所发射的电磁辐射的反射的主动式传感器。第二接近传感器可包括常规PIR运动传感器。根据一些实施方案，第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器是PIR传感器1052和1050，其尺寸和/或位置不同(如本文中所示和描述)，使得传感器1052与比传感器1050的响应区域小的响应区域关联。响应1504可与被耦接至恒温器的用户输入的操控传感器关联。在一个实施方案中，操控传感器可包括被配置来检测环围绕恒温器的周边的旋转的光学传感器。
在本实施方案中，操控传感器和第二接近传感器可用于特征化第一接近传感器的响应。在一个实例中，接近传感器可检测看似指示用户靠近恒温器的事件1508。转向其它传感器，操控传感器还可检测与事件1508一致且指示用户已实体操控恒温器的用户界面的事件1510。与第二接近传感器相关的响应1506不在相同时间间隔期间展示事件，其将指示用户在第二接近传感器的范围外操控恒温器。这种情形可能在用户站在恒温器的侧面或安装恒温器的墙壁的背后时发生。在分析响应1502、1504和1506时，处理功能可在接近传感器上确定与实体接近事件和恒温器的实际操控相关的事件1508且因此并非环境级噪声。
在另一个实例中，与第一接近传感器相关的响应1512可能难以归类为基于用户的响应或环境噪声响应。通过检验与其它两个传感器相关的响应1514和1516，处理系统可确定事件1512对应于环境噪声，因为其它两个传感器未检测到用户。
在又一个实例中，与第一接近传感器相关的事件1518看似指示用户已靠近恒温器。类似地，与操控传感器相关的事件1520和与第二接近传感器相关的事件1522也看似指示用户已靠近恒温器。因此，在这种情况下，处理系统可容易地确定事件1518对应于基于用户的事件而非环境噪声。
在又一个实例(未示出)，类似于事件1508的的事件可发生于与第一接近传感器相关的响应1502中。大致同时，第二接近传感器的响应1506也可展示类似于事件1522的事件。两个这些事件看似指示用户正靠近恒温器。但是，与操控传感器相关的响应1504可展示类似于事件1514的事件，其指示用户未操控恒温器。处理功能随后可确定所述情形不应被解译为用户打算观看恒温器。在另一个实施方案中，处理功能还可确定这个情形指示用户打算观看恒温器的电子显示器而不打算实体操控用户界面。处理功能随后可使用历史数据区分这两种情形。
这些实例说明确定接近传感器的响应应被归类为环境噪声或用户靠近的各种方式。这些确定可用于设定接近阈值，其在被违反时将导致电子显示器在主动显示模式中运行。在一个实施方案中，各种传感器读数可被划分为时间间隔1524。第一接近传感器的响应1502的部分可在其与来自一个或多个其它传感器的响应大致同时发生的情况下被排除。例如，包括事件1508和事件1518的时间间隔可不被考虑，同时保留含有事件1512的时间间隔。每个其余时间间隔内的响应的平均值、最大值或其它统计特征可用于设定阈值。在一个实施方案中，阈值可被设定为来自其余时间间隔的最大值，表明所测量的最大环境噪声级。在另一个实施方案中，阈值可被设定为高于其余时间间隔中的响应的平均值的预定水平。例如，阈值可被设定为比其余响应的平均值高20％。在其它实施方案中，可根据鉴于本公开的其它已知方法相对于其余时间间隔中的响应设定接近阈值。
虽然图15图示具有以基准值为中心的大致高斯噪声分布的第一接近传感器，但是在不同的传感器中可能存在其它噪声分布。图16图示根据一个特定实施方案的来自三个不同传感器的个别传感器响应的表示1600，其中第一接近传感器包括噪声分布中的异常。响应1602可与第一接近传感器关联并且可包括对应于噪声异常的事件1608。事件1608在一些情况中可极类似可能看似指示靠近的用户的基于用户的响应。在一个特定实施方案中，事件1608可能在未按预定时间间隔维修第一接近传感器时产生。在另一个实施方案中，事件1608可能由取样保持电路的周期性放电产生。在又一个实施方案中，事件1608可由特定于各种类型的传感器的各种其它定期基于传感器的操作产生。
如在参考图15的讨论中的情况，可通过检验来自附加传感器的响应1604、1606适当地将事件1608特征化为噪声而非基于用户的事件。再次，响应1604可与操控传感器关联且响应1606可与第二接近传感器关联。事件1608可被适当地归类为噪声而非基于用户的事件，因为响应1604和1606未展示相应活动。相比之下，可通过检验响应1604上的事件1612连同响应1606上的事件1614将事件1610归类为基于用户的事件。
当使用具有类似于事件1608的噪声事件的传感器时，可采取其它预防措施，例如，可使用每个时间间隔的平均值而非最大值。接近阈值随后可被设定为高于最大噪声事件级的预定百分比。或者，接近阈值可被设定为低于最小或最大基于用户的响应级的预定百分比。取决于特定实施方案，这些类型的响应的任一者可被称作实体接近事件。
在恒温器包括背板和顶部单元以及背板包括第一处理器且顶部单元包括第二处理器的一个实施方案中，确定、调整和测试接近阈值的操作可在两个处理器之间分配。在一个实施方案中，背板处理器可收集来自每个传感器的数据并且定期将数据提供至顶部单元处理器。背板处理器可首先将传感器数据确定基准为大致以0为中心。背板处理器还可处理传感器数据，使得仅针对每个预定数量的时间间隔发送最大值、平均值、中值等。顶部单元处理器随后可分析原始或经处理传感器数据并且确定接近阈值。接近阈值随后可被发送回背板处理器。背板处理器随后可监测一个或多个传感器，诸如接近传感器以确定何时及是否违反阈值。当由背板处理器确定阈值被违反时，背板处理器可将顶部单元处理器从低功率模式唤醒，且顶部单元处理器可在电子显示器尚未在主动显示模式中运行的情况下命令电子显示器在主动显示模式中运行。这个配置可有利地在电力窃取系统中节省电力。
图17图示根据一个实施方案的用于通过更新接近阈值而优化恒温器的用户界面的运行的方法的简化流程图1700。方法可包括读取时间间隔内的传感器测量值历史(1702)。在一个实施方案中，时间间隔可能是周期性的，使得顶部单元处理器可响应于来自背板处理器的定期传输唤醒。在另一个实施方案中，时间间隔可能基于顶部单元处理器的睡眠状态与活动状态之间的过渡。例如，每当顶部单元处理器唤醒时，背板处理器可发送数据至顶部单元处理器，即使这可能并非由常规定期间隔界定，尤其当顶部单元处理器唤醒以服务温度事件和/或用户界面操控事件时。
方法还可包括确定实体接近事件(1704)。在一个实施方案中，实体接近事件可对应于传感器响应，其对应于用户靠近恒温器以观看电子界面。在另一个实施方案中，实体接近事件可对应于传感器事件，其对应于用户实际操控用户界面。如上所述，可通过检验接近的时间间隔期间其它传感器的响应而确定与单个所选传感器相关的实体接近事件。在一个实施方案中，随后可从传感器测量值的历史中剔除实体接近事件且可基于环境噪声级计算阈值。在另一个实施方案中，实体接近事件随后可从传感器测量值的历史中独立，且可基于基于用户的响应级计算阈值。
方法还可包括确定阈值是否应更改(1706)。在一个实施方案中，阈值只需在通过传感器测量值的历史计算的新阈值在时间间隔内变化达特定百分比的情况下改变。例如，如果新阈值仅比现有阈值大或小1％，那么阈值无需改变。在另一个实施方案中，如果存在任何变化，那么阈值可更新。在又一个实施方案中，新计算的阈值可与先前阈值平均以减轻测量值异常的影响。在另一个实施方案中，可抛弃变化大于预定百分比的阈值。例如，如果新计算的阈值是现有阈值的两倍，那么可抛弃新计算的阈值。新计算的阈值可被指派有关先前阈值的加权值，且阈值可相应地更新。例如，夜间计算的阈值的权重可小于在预期有更多活动的白天计算的阈值。鉴于本公开，本领域一般技术人员可组合或更改确定应何时及如何根据这些实施方案的精神更新阈值的这些各种方法。
如果确定阈值应改变，那么方法还可包括更新阈值(1708)。经更新阈值可简单重写先前阈值和存储器位置。或者，经更新阈值可存储为阈值的矢量，使得阈值历史被保留。阈值历史可用于计算和/或测试未来计算的阈值。另一方面，如果确定阈值不应改变，那么方法还可包括等待新的传感器数据(1710)。在顶部单元处理器计算新阈值并且确定当前阈值是否应更新的实施方案中，顶部单元处理器可在此时进入睡眠状态。背板处理器随后可监测新的传感器数据并且按定期的时间间隔唤醒顶部单元处理器或在顶部单元处理器因其它原因唤醒时提供传感器测量值的新历史。
在一个实施方案，可至少部分基于许多不同因素的联合处理自动调整接近阈值。一个因素可包括如由多个传感器的至少一个检测的历史多个接近事件。另一个因素可包括历史多个用户界面操控事件，其中用户实际上已操控用户界面。如果存在实体接近事件与操控事件之间的较高关联，那么可使接近阈值的限制性较小。换句话说，如果第一接近传感器的响应对应于用户实际操控恒温器的用户界面，那么阈值可降低。同样地，如果存在实体接近事件与操控事件之间的较小关联，那么可使接近阈值更具限制性。这可对应于用户经常经过恒温器而不停下来操控用户界面的情形。在这些情况下，可能不存在任何理由开启电子显示器，且阈值可升高需要用户以在电子显示器进入主动显示模式之前更靠近恒温器。
虽然上文讨论关注单个阈值，但是再次应了解这些操作还可适用于构建自一个或多个传感器响应的接近配置文件。在这种情况下，组成接近配置文件的有关每个传感器的阈值或间隔可以与上文针对单个阈值描述的相同方式个别更新和调整。
图18图示根据一个实施方案的用于确定接近阈值是否被违反的方法的简化流程图1800。方法可包括接收传感器响应(1802)。传感器响应可包括如本文中描述的接近传感器和/或其它传感器。方法还可包括将输入与阈值比较(1804)。可由背板处理器在不唤醒顶部单元处理器或开启电子界面的情况下进行这种比较。这种比较可针对一组传感器响应定期进行或可在每次传感器响应被提供至处理系统时进行。
方法还可包括确定阈值是否被违反(1806)。在一个实施方案中，如果一个或多个传感器响应大于或等于接近阈值，那么阈值可能被违反。在另一个实施方案中，如果一个或多个传感器响应小于或等于接近阈值，那么阈值可能被违反。在另一个实施方案中，如果传感器响应的数量超过阈值表示的数量，那么阈值可能被违反。在又一个实施方案中，当传感器响应的频率超过阈值频率或时间间隔内的阈值响应数量超过阈值数量时，阈值可能被违反。违反阈值的其它方法也可由各种实施方案设想，但为简明起见未在本文中明确公开。但是，本领域一般技术人员鉴于本公开将了解这些各种实施方案。
如果确定阈值被违反，那么方法还可包括使电子显示器在主动显示模式中运行(1808)。在一个实施方案中，如果电子显示器已在主动显示模式中运行，那么无需采取行动。但是，如果电子显示器未在主动显示模式中运行，那么处理系统可使电子显示器过渡至主动显示模式中。另一方面，如果阈值未被违反，那么处理系统可等待附加传感器响应以与阈值比较。
图19图示本文中被称作“繁忙的门厅问题”的特殊情况的俯视图1900。这个问题的特征可能是预定时间间隔内并非对应于用户想要观看或操控恒温器的用户界面的大量实体接近事件。所述情形可能在人们通常经过恒温器而并非想要与恒温器互动的“繁忙门厅”中或任意其它区域中产生。如图19中所示，可将阈值设定为对应于具有响应区域1904的第一接近传感器的距离。多人，诸如人1906、人1908和或人1910可能经过门厅中的恒温器1302而不打算观看用户界面或与其互动。
这种情形的问题在于恒温器可能误认为每个用户靠近会导致电子显示器在其违反或超过至少一个接近传感器的接近阈值时在主动显示模式中运行。如果在这种情形中每当阈值被违反时，电子显示器实际上过渡至主动显示模式，那么可充电电池可最终降至低于对应于可靠恒温器运行的预定水平。换句话说，如果电子显示器太常开启，那么其将耗用可充电电池至低于可靠水平。
为了解决这个问题，可设定预定活动阈值。预定活动阈值可对应于电子显示器被允许在无相应的用户界面操控事件的情况下过渡至活动状态中的预定时间间隔内的最大次数。换句话说，可针对电子显示器在无用户实际操控用户界面的情况下，在例如12小时的过程中可开启的次数设定限值。当这个活动阈值被违反时，处理系统可要求使电子显示器在主动显示模式中运行之前的操控事件。
此外，可更改接近阈值，使得其在这个活动阈值被违反时更具限制性。因此，图19的繁忙的门厅情形将得到比正常会计算得到的更具限制性的阈值。例如，在无活动阈值的情况下计算的正常接近阈值可对应于距离1902。相比之下，当活动阈值的违反被考虑在内时，接近阈值可被限制为距离1914。
因此，在一个实施方案中，可基于响应预定时间间隔内的实体接近事件使电子显示器处于主动显示模式的追踪次数自动调整接近阈值。如果追踪次数大于预定活动阈值，那么可使接近阈值更具限制性。这可能有效减少电子显示器响应于实体接近事件过多进入主动显示模式。
图20A至图20B是根据一些实施方案的正视PIR传感器和俯视PIR传感器的视场的图。恒温器1302被示为被安装在墙壁2010上。如所述，根据一些实施方案，恒温器1302是本文中所示和描述的恒温器，诸如恒温器602。恒温器1302内的PIR传感器1052具有如点划线箭头所示的向下定向视场。还示出可能迫切想要与恒温器1302互动的靠近用户2000。为了节省其可充电电池中的电力，恒温器1302关闭或使特定组件睡眠，诸如其顶部单元微处理器、LCD显示器等。如本文中描述，已发现预期靠近的用户极大地改进用户与恒温器的互动体验，因为睡眠组件可在用户实际触摸恒温器之前被唤醒。一般来说，唤醒组件所需的时间越长，应设计的距离d就越远。但是，存在一种取舍，因为较大距离d导致更多“错误警报”，其中恒温器在用户只是经过恒温器时唤醒。在设计第二PIR传感器1052的向下视场时，应考虑地板上在壁装恒温器正前方的锥形或区域。已发现如图12E中所示，给定内部结构和穿透菲涅耳透镜1010的视野，传感器1052的正面向下倾斜15度是合适的。已发现倾斜传感器1052以减小归因于反射的损失(允许更多能源到达传感器1052)，以及增加可“看”穿透镜1010上的菲涅耳透镜类型1210的传感器区域的数量。已发现距离d应为大约1至2米，其通常允许足够的时间供顶部单元微处理器和LCD显示器在用户触摸单元之前开启(其花费小于1秒)。已发现1至2米之间的距离在不导致太多错误警报(例如，当有人只是经过时唤醒顶部单元)的情况下，为唤醒单元提供合适的预先警告。尤其，根据一些实施方案，已发现针对1.5米的平均壁装高度，传感器1052的45度最大视角对于1.5米的距离d是合适的。图20A中还示出较大PIR传感器1050的垂直视场。已发现为了占用传感的目的，从高于水平3度至低于水平13度(总共大约16度)的垂直视场是合适的。传感器1050的视场被示为区域A且传感器1052的视场被示为区域B。
在图20B中，根据一些实施方案示出PIR传感器的水平视场。已发现大约170度的水平视场可实现并且适于这些应用。如图20B中所示，根据一些实施方案，占用传感PIR 1050的合适范围是大约10米。
虽然目前为止已参考恒温器描述用于调整接近阈值的技术，但是根据一些实施方案，所描述的技术可用于许多其它装置中，尤其是得益于预期用户活动的装置。实例包括：住宅警报系统、危害检测单元；入口通道界面装置、壁灯开关、壁式插座界面、电器，诸如烤箱、冰箱、壁式空调、电视、洗碗机、洗衣机和烘干机、灯、立体声系统，其中一些示于图1中。根据一些替代实施方案，例如，一个或多个智能、多重传感、网络连接入口通道界面装置606利用所描述的技术适应性地区分将按门铃或打开前门的人与其它传感器数据，诸如人路过住宅(例如，在住宅在城市中，前门靠近街道的情况下)。根据一些其它实施方案，本文中描述的技术用于适应性地区分利用特定照明装置进入特定房间、门厅或车库等的居住者与未利用特定照明装置的居住者。例如，智能壁式开关608可启动阅读灯，并且经由本文中描述的技术“训练”以在用户坐在通常用于阅读的特定椅子上时自动开启。其它这些实例包括其它类型的照明和娱乐设备。根据另一个实施方案，智能热水器可在检测到与需要热水相关的活动(诸如淋浴、洗碗和/或洗衣)时启动。
虽然本领域一般技术人员在阅读上述描述后无疑将了解本发明的许多变更和修改，但是应了解通过说明所示和所述的特定实施方案绝不旨在被视作限制。因此，涉及优选实施方案的细节不旨在限制其范围。

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1.一种具有对温度、能源消耗、水利用、空气利用、压力、流速、高度、位置、速度、加速度、容量、功率、响度或亮度特征中的一个或多个的控制功能的控制单元，所述控制单元包括：
外壳；
用户界面，包括具有主动显示模式和非主动显示模式的电子显示器，所述主动显示模式比所述非主动显示模式需要多得多的电力；
处理系统，被安置在所述外壳内并且耦接至所述用户界面，所述处理系统被配置为与包括所述用户界面的一个或多个输入装置可操作地通信并且进一步与具有温度、能源消耗、水利用、空气利用、压力、流速、高度、位置、速度、加速度、容量、功率、响度或亮度特征的系统可操作地通信；
操控传感器，用于检测所述控制单元的用户操控；和
至少一个传感器，被配置为检测用户实体接近所述控制单元的所述用户界面，所述至少一个传感器与所述处理系统可操作地通信，所述处理系统被配置为使所述电子显示器在接近阈值已被超过时处于所述主动显示模式中；
其中，所述处理系统进一步被配置为：结合来自所述操控传感器的响应分析来自所述至少一个传感器的响应，以将历史多个实体接近事件中的每一个归类为环境噪声响应或基于用户的响应；以及将所述接近阈值自动调整为高于所述至少一个传感器所检测的环境噪声级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制单元，其中，所述接近阈值基于在预定时间间隔内响应于实体接近事件使所述电子显示器处于所述主动显示模式中的追踪次数自动调整，在所述追踪次数大于预定活动阈值的情况下使所述接近阈值更具限制性，由此减少所述电子显示器响应于感测到的实体接近事件过多进入所述主动显示模式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的控制单元，其中，所述接近阈值至少部分基于以下的联合处理而自动调整：(i)通过所述至少一个传感器检测的所述历史多个实体接近事件；和(ii)所述用户已实际操控所述用户界面的历史多个用户界面操控事件，其中如果存在所述实体接近事件与所述操控事件之间的较高关联，那么使所述接近阈值限制性较小，且其中如果存在所述实体接近事件与所述操控事件之间的较小关联，那么使所述接近阈值更具限制性。
4.根据权利要求1所述的控制单元，其中，所述至少一个传感器包括第一传感器和第二传感器，其中所述第一传感器被配置为检测用户与所述用户界面在第一距离内的实体接近，其中所述第二传感器被配置为检测所述用户与所述用户界面在第二距离内的实体接近，且其中所述第一距离大于所述第二距离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的控制单元，其中，所述第一传感器包括被动式红外线传感器PIR且所述第二传感器包括主动式接近传感器，所述主动式接近传感器被配置为发射电磁辐射以及接收所述电磁辐射的反射。
6.根据权利要求4所述的控制单元，其中，所述第二传感器包括近场PIR。
7.根据权利要求1所述的控制单元，其中，所述处理系统包括第一处理器和第二处理器，其中所述第一处理器被配置为检测所述接近阈值何时已被超过且响应于所述接近阈值被超过将所述第二处理器从低功率模式唤醒，其中所述第二处理器使所述电子显示器在所述主动显示模式中运行。
8.一种用于优化控制单元的用户界面的运行的方法，所述控制单元具有对温度、能源消耗、水利用、空气利用、压力、流速、高度、位置、速度、加速度、容量、功率、响度或亮度特征中的一个或多个的控制功能，所述方法包括：
结合来自操控传感器的响应分析来自至少一个传感器的响应，以将历史多个实体接近事件中的每一个归类为环境噪声响应或基于用户的响应；
通过处理系统将接近阈值自动确定为高于至少一个传感器所检测的环境噪声级；所述至少一个传感器被配置为检测用户实体接近所述控制单元的用户界面，所述至少一个传感器与所述处理系统可操作地通信；
使用所述至少一个传感器检测用户与所述控制单元的用户界面的实体接近；
通过所述处理系统确定所述接近阈值已被超过，所述处理系统被配置为与包括所述用户界面的一个或多个输入装置可操作地通信并且进一步与具有温度、能源消耗、水利用、空气利用、压力、流速、高度、位置、速度、加速度、容量、功率、响度或亮度特征的系统可操作地通信；
通过所述处理系统使电子显示器在所述接近阈值已被超过时处于主动显示模式中，所述用户界面包括具有所述主动显示模式和非主动显示模式的所述电子显示器，所述主动显示模式需要比所述非主动显示模式多得多的电力。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述接近阈值基于在预定时间间隔内响应于实体接近事件使所述电子显示器处于所述主动显示模式中的追踪次数自动调整，在所述追踪次数大于预定活动阈值的情况下使所述接近阈值更具限制性，由此减少所述电子显示器响应于感测到的实体接近事件过多进入所述主动显示模式。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述接近阈值至少部分基于以下的联合处理而自动调整：(i)通过所述至少一个传感器检测的所述历史多个实体接近事件；和(ii)所述用户已实际操控所述用户界面的历史多个用户界面操控事件，其中如果存在所述实体接近事件与所述操控事件之间的较高关联，那么使所述接近阈值限制性较小，且其中如果存在所述实体接近事件与所述操控事件之间的较小关联，那么使所述接近阈值更具限制性。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述至少一个传感器包括第一传感器和第二传感器，其中所述第一传感器被配置为检测所述用户与所述用户界面在第一距离内的实体接近，其中所述第二传感器被配置为检测所述用户与所述用户界面在第二距离内的实体接近，且其中所述第一距离大于所述第二距离。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述第一传感器包括被动式红外线传感器PIR且所述第二传感器包括主动式接近传感器，所述主动式接近传感器被配置来发射电磁辐射以及接收所述电磁辐射的反射。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述第二传感器包括近场PIR。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述处理系统包括第一处理器和第二处理器，其中所述第一处理器被配置为检测何时所述接近阈值已被超过且响应于所述接近阈值被超过将所述第二处理器从低功率模式唤醒，其中所述第二处理器使所述电子显示器在所述主动显示模式中运行。
15.一种控制单元，包括：
用户界面，被配置为在至少两个不同模式中运行，所述两个不同模式包括：
第一模式，和
第二模式，其中所述用户界面在所述第一模式中运行需要比在所述第二模式中更多的电力；
多个传感器，包括操控传感器以及被配置为检测所述控制单元附近用户的存在的至少一个传感器；和
第一处理模块，被配置为确定接近配置文件并且在所述多个传感器中的一个或多个向所述第一处理模块提供与所述接近配置文件匹配的一个或多个响应时使所述用户界面处于所述第一模式中，其中：
所述接近配置文件是通过以下过程确定的：
分析至少来自所述操控传感器以及被配置为检测用户的存在的所述至少一个传感器的响应历史，以将所述响应历史中的每一个归类为环境噪声响应或基于用户的响应；以及
自动调整所述接近配置文件以匹配高于所述至少一个传感器所检测的环境噪声级的响应。
16.根据权利要求15所述的控制单元，进一步包括电力窃取电路，所述电力窃取电路被配置为供应第一功率级，其中所述用户界面在所述第一模式中运行时需要第二功率级，且其中所述第二功率级大于所述第一功率级。
17.根据权利要求15所述的控制单元，其中所述至少一个传感器包括第一传感器和第二传感器，其中所述第一传感器被配置为检测包括第一距离的第一接近内的用户的存在，其中所述第二传感器被配置为检测包括第二距离的第二接近内的用户的存在，且其中所述第一距离大于所述第二距离。
18.根据权利要求15所述的控制单元，其中，所述处理模块包括第一处理器和第二处理器，其中所述第一处理器被配置为确定所述一个或多个响应是否匹配所述接近配置文件，且其中所述第二处理器被配置为使所述用户界面在所述第一模式中运行。
19.根据权利要求15所述的控制单元，其中，所述处理模块进一步被配置为检测预定活动阈值是否被违反并且响应于所述预定活动阈值被违反而更改接近阈值，使得所述接近阈值更具限制性，其中所述预定活动阈值对应于包括在所述用户界面中的电子显示器被允许在无相应的用户界面操控事件的情况下过渡至活动状态中的预定时间间隔内的最大次数。
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