CN104272684A - Fabric交换机中的动态服务插入 - Google Patents
Fabric交换机中的动态服务插入 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/10—Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/70—Virtual switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
- H04L45/026—Details of "hello" or keep-alive messages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/10—Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction
- H04L49/111—Switch interfaces, e.g. port details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
- H04L49/355—Application aware switches, e.g. for HTTP
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
- H04L49/356—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for storage area networks
Abstract
本发明的实施例提供交换机。交换机包括服务管理模块和分组处理器。在操作期间，服务管理模块识别由经由本地端口耦合至交换机的装置提供的服务。分组处理器构建用于远程交换机的通知消息。通知消息包括关于服务和装置的信息。这样，交换机使得远程交换机能够请求该服务。
Description
技术领域
本公开内容涉及网络管理。更具体地，本公开内容涉及Fabric交换机中服务的动态插入。
背景技术
因特网的指数式增长已经使得多媒体应用诸如视频点播和电视成为流行的递送介质。这样的应用随之带来了对带宽的增长的需求。因此，设备销售商紧追以建立具有诸如服务插入和供给的通用功能的更大且更快的交换机以使更多业务高效地移动。然而，交换机的尺寸不能无限制地增长。其受到物理空间、功耗和设计复杂度等因素的限制。此外，具有较高功能的交换机通常更复杂且昂贵。更重要地，由于过大且过复杂的系统通常不提供尺寸方面的经济性，所以简单地增加交换机的大小和能力由于增加的每端口成本而可以证明在经济上不可行。
一种用于改善交换机的可扩展性的灵活方式在于构建Fabric交换机。Fabric交换机是各个成员交换机的集合。这些成员交换机形成可以具有任意数目的端口和任意的拓扑的单个逻辑交换机。随着需求的增长，客户可以采用“按需付费”方式来按比例放大Fabric交换机的能力。
同时，层2(例如，以太网)交换技术继续演进。更多传统上作为层3(例如，因特网协议或IP)网络的特征的路由类功能迁移至层2。注意，多链路透明互连(TRILL)协议的近期发展使得以太网交换机能够更像路由设备一样起作用。TRILL克服了迫使层2交换机在逻辑生成树拓扑中耦合以避免循环的传统的生成树协议的固有缺陷。TRILL通过在交换机中实现路由功能并且在TRILL头中包括跳跃计数而使得路由桥(RBridge)能够在任意拓扑中耦合而没有循环的风险。
随着因特网业务变得越来越多样，由于网络架构师的价值主张，高性能层2网络中的基本服务诸如防火墙、负载平衡器和入侵检测的高效且精确的配置正在逐渐变得更重要。期望在灵活性和容易部署的情况下从在分布式位置处的各种物理和虚拟装置来提供这些服务。
虽然Fabric交换机给网络带来了很多希望特征，然而在网络中的动态服务插入中仍然存在一些未解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了交换机。交换机包括服务管理模块和分组处理器。在操作期间，服务管理模块识别由经由本地端口耦合至交换机的装置提供的服务。分组处理器构建用于远程交换机的通知消息。通知消息包括关于服务和装置的信息。这样，交换机使得远程交换机能够请求该服务。
在这一实施例的变型中，交换机还包括虚拟化模块，虚拟化模块连同分组处理器操作以将装置表现为通知消息中的虚拟装置。虚拟装置可以与提供服务的一个或多个装置关联。
在又一变型中，分组处理器构建包括虚拟交换机的虚拟标识符的第二通知消息。这一虚拟交换机与交换机关联并且被呈现为耦合至虚拟装置。虚拟化模块生成虚拟标识符。
在又一变型中，虚拟交换机还与第二交换机关联。第二交换机本地耦合至第二装置，第二装置能够提供服务并且与虚拟装置关联。
在这一实施例的变型中，在操作期间，分组处理器提取关于第二服务和第三装置的信息，第三装置能够提供第二服务并且耦合至第三交换机。分组处理器向第三交换机转发要求第二服务的相应的数据。
在又一变型中，交换机还包括序列模块，序列模块接收用于服务和第二服务的与子网关联的执行序列。序列模块还基于该序列确定是否向装置或第三装置转发属于子网的数据帧。
在又一变型中，分组处理器将数据帧封装在具有作为分组的外出RBridge标识符的虚拟路由桥(RBridge)标识符的多链路透明互连(TRILL)分组中。这一虚拟RBridge标识符与第三交换机对应。
在这一实施例的变型中，服务管理模块响应于经由本地端口接收到数据帧而确定用于数据帧的服务完成。
在这一实施例的变型中，交换机还包括维护Fabric交换机中的成员资格的Fabric交换机管理模块，这样的Fabric交换机容纳多个交换机并且作为单个逻辑交换机来操作。
附图说明
图1A图示根据本发明的实施例的具有动态服务插入能力的示例性Fabric交换机。
图1B连同图1A中的示例图示根据本发明的实施例的如何将用于现有服务的新的装置动态地添加至Fabric交换机。
图1C连同图1B中的示例图示根据本发明的实施例的如何将用于新的服务的新的装置动态地添加至Fabric交换机。
图2图示根据本发明的实施例的具有动态服务插入能力的Fabric交换机的示例性配置。
图3A呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的向Fabric交换机动态地添加装置的Fabric交换机的成员交换机的处理的流程图。
图3B呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的动态地配置服务的Fabric交换机的成员交换机的处理的流程图。
图4图示根据本发明的实施例的Fabric交换机中的动态地插入的服务之间的示例性执行序列。
图5A呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的在Fabric交换机中的动态地插入的服务之间分配用于子网的执行序列的成员交换机的处理的流程图。
图5B呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的在Fabric交换机中的动态地插入的服务之间配置用于子网的执行序列的成员交换机的处理的流程图。
图6A呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的处理从边缘端口接收的数据帧的Fabric交换机的成员交换机的处理的流程图。
图6B呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的处理从交换机间端口接收的数据帧的Fabric交换机的成员交换机的处理的流程图。
图7图示根据本发明的实施例的Fabric交换机中的具有动态服务插入能力的示例性成员交换机。
在附图中，相似的附图标记指代相同的附图元件。
具体实施方式
呈现以下描述以使得本领域技术人员能够实现和使用本发明，并且以下描述是在具体应用及其要求的情境下提供的。本领域技术人员很容易清楚对所公开的实施例的各种修改，本文中定义的普通原理适用于其他实施例和应用而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明不限于所示实施例，而是符合与权利要求一致的最宽范围。
概述
在本发明的实施例中，通过在Fabric交换机的所有成员交换机之间分配与服务关联的相应的应用的配置信息，解决了在Fabric交换机中动态地添加服务的问题。因此，相应的成员交换机可以从耦合至任何成员交换机的任何支持装置来获取服务。耦合至交换机(其可以是Fabric交换机)的装置向网络提供定制服务。装置的示例可以包括但不限于防火墙、负载平衡器、入侵检测/保护设备、网络分析器、和网络虚拟器。装置可以是物理设备或者在物理设备上运行的虚拟机。通常，这样的装置可以被优化用于执行上述具体服务。在服务在网络中的传统部署中，在向网络添加装置时，需要将网络中的相应的交换机配置用于容纳由装置提供的服务。例如，在添加防火墙时，网络中的各个交换机应当被配置成向防火墙转发业务。这样的配置可能是冗长的、重复的且易出错的。
此外，上游或下游业务(其可以被称为“南北业务”)的数据通路中通常部署有相应的装置。例如，可以在聚合路由器处部署装置。然而，数据中心的近期增长已经产生了通常在服务器与存储设备之间进行业务的新服务(其可以被称为“东西业务”)的需求。然而，在当今网络中，要求相应的装置是多用户的，其中，单个装置可以服务属于不同子网络(或子网)的业务。另一方面，提供服务的装置可以被定为在网络上的任何位置处，从而分配网络的业务负荷。因此，可以由不同的装置来服务属于同一子网的业务。配置网络以支持同时被分配并且为多用户的装置可能是具有挑战性的。
为了解决这一问题，在向Fabric交换机的成员交换机(即，连同其他成员交换机形成Fabric交换机的交换机)添加装置时，交换机共享由装置提供给其他成员交换机的位置和服务。这样，成员交换机与其他成员交换机交换装置的操作和配置数据，并且集成装置与整个Fabric交换机。因此，在连接至Fabric交换机时，装置动态地向整个Fabric交换机提供服务及其关联功能。在一些实施例中，提供服务的一个或多个装置被虚拟化为经由虚拟成员交换机耦合至Fabric交换机的虚拟装置。虚拟交换机与耦合至提供服务的装置的物理成员交换机关联。因此，各个成员交换机可以向虚拟交换机简单地转发属于要求服务的子网的数据帧。因此，实际上由于虚拟交换机关联的成员交换机中的一个成员交换机来接收数据帧。这一成员交换机又将数据帧转发给本地耦合的装置，本地耦合的装置向数据帧提供服务。这样，可以经由Fabric交换机的任何成员交换机动态地插入服务而没有配置Fabric交换机中的各个交换机。
在一些实施例中，Fabric交换机为以太网Fabric交换机。在以太网Fabric交换机中，以任意拓扑耦合的任意数目的交换机可以在逻辑上作为单个交换机来操作。任何新的交换机可以以“即插即用”模式加入或离开Fabric交换机而没有任何手动配置。Fabric交换机对于端设备而言呈现为单个逻辑交换机。在又一些实施例中，Fabric交换机为多链路透明互连(TRILL)网络，并且Fabric交换机的各个成员交换机为TRILL路由桥(RBridge)。
虽然基于TRILL协议使用示例来呈现本公开内容，然而本发明的实施例不限于使用TRILL定义的网络或具体的开放式系统互连参考模型(OSI参考模型)层。例如，本发明的实施例也可以应用于多协议标签切换(MPLS)网络。在本公开内容中，术语“Fabric交换机”在一般意义上使用，并且可以指代在任何网络层、子层或网络层的组合中操作的网络。
在本公开内容中，术语“服务”在一般意义上使用，并且可以指代向在任何网络层中操作的独立的或Fabric交换机提供具体的功能的操作或操作的组。交换机所要求的任何功能可以称为“服务”。能够向交换机提供服务的任何物理或虚拟设备可以称为“装置”。“装置”可以是与交换机分离的设备、或者在交换机中运行的硬件或软件模块。
术语“端设备”可以指代耦合至Fabric交换机的设备。端设备可以是主机、传统的层2交换机、或者任何其他类型的网络设备。此外，端设备可以耦合至进一步远离网络的其他交换机或主机。端设备还可以是用于大量网络设备进入网络的聚合点。术语“设备”和“机器”被可互换地使用。
术语“帧”指代可以通过网络一起传输的比特组。“帧”不应当被理解为将本发明的实施例限制为层2网络。“帧”还可以用涉及比特组的其他术语诸如“分组”、“单元”或“数据报”来代替。
术语“交换机”在一般意义上使用，并且其可以指代在任何网络层操作的任何独立的或Fabric交换机。“交换机”不应当被理解为将本发明的实施例限制为层2网络。可以向端设备或另一交换机转发业务的任何设备都可以被称为“交换机”。“交换机”的示例包括但不限于层2交换机、层3路由器、TRILL RBridge或者包括多个较小的或异构的较小的物理交换机的Fabric交换机。
术语“RBridge”指代路由桥，其为实现如在http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6325可获得的因特网工程任务组(IETF)提案请求(RFC)“Routing Bridges(RBridges):Base ProtocolSpecification”——其通过参考并入本文中——中所描述的TRILL协议的桥。本发明的实施例不限于RBridge桥中的应用。也可以使用其他类型的交换机、路由器和转发器。
术语“边缘端口”指代Fabric交换机中与Fabric交换机外部的端设备交换数据帧的端口。术语“交换机间端口”指代使Fabric交换机的成员交换机与另一成员交换机耦合的端口，并且用于在成员交换机之间交换数据帧。
术语“交换机标识符”指代可以用于识别交换机的比特组。如果交换机为RBridge，则交换机标识符可以是“RBridge标识符”。TRILL标准使用“RBridge ID”来表示被分配给RBridge的48位中间系统至中间系统(IS-IS)ID，并且使用“RBridge别名”来表示用作用于“RBridge ID”的缩写的16位值。在本公开内容中，“交换机标识符”用作一般术语，不限于任何比特形式，并且可以指代可以识别交换机的任何格式。术语“RBridge标识符”在一般意义上使用，不限于任何比特形式，并且可以指代“RBridge ID”、“RBridge别名”或可以识别RBridge的任何其他格式。
术语“以太网Fabric交换机”指代形成单个可扩展逻辑交换机的大量互连的物理交换机。在Fabric交换机中，可以用任意拓扑来连接任何数目的交换机，并且整个交换机组一起用作一个单个逻辑交换机。这一特征使得能够使用很多较小的、不昂贵的交换机来构造大型Fabric交换机，其在外部可以被视为单个逻辑交换机。
网络架构
图1A图示根据本发明的实施例的具有动态服务插入能力的示例性Fabric交换机。如图1所示，Fabric交换机100包括成员交换机101、102、103、104和105。Fabric交换机中的成员交换机使用边缘端口来通信至端设备，并且使用交换机间端口来通信至其他成员交换机。例如，交换机102经由边缘端口耦合至端设备190，并且经由交换机间端口耦合至交换机101、104。端设备190的示例包括但不限于层2交换机、层3路由器、架顶交换机和物理或虚拟宿主机。在一些实施例中，Fabric交换机100为TRILL网络；交换机101、102、103、104和105为RBridge；并且经由交换机间端口发送和接收的数据帧被封装在TRILL头中。
装置122和124向Fabric交换机100提供服务152并且分别耦合至成员交换机101和105。类似地，装置132和134向Fabric交换机100提供服务153并且分别耦合至成员交换机101和104。服务的示例包括但不限于防火墙、负载平衡、入侵检测/保护、网络分析和网络虚拟化。虽然装置134为物理机，然而装置132为在物理机131上运行的虚拟机。因此，Fabric交换机100可以从物理和虚拟设备接收相同的服务(例如，服务153)。
在一些实施例中，在装置诸如装置122被添加至交换机101时，交换机101创建通知消息，通知消息规定对应的服务152和装置122与交换机101的关联关系。交换机101然后将这一通知消息发送给Fabric交换机100中的其他交换机。在接收到消息时，相应的交换机诸如交换机102使服务152与交换机101关联。在操作期间，交换机102从端设备190接收术语要求服务152的子网的数据帧。交换机102识别交换机101要与服务152关联，并且将数据帧转发给交换机101。因此，在被连接至Fabric交换机100时，装置122自动向Fabric交换机100的所有成员交换机提供服务152及其关联功能。这样，可以将服务152动态地插入Fabric交换机100而没有配置Fabric交换机100中的各个交换机。
在一些实施例中，可以将向Fabric交换机100提供服务的装置虚拟化为单个虚拟装置。在图1A中的示例中，当装置122和124耦合至Fabric交换机100时，交换机101和105彼此连同地将装置122和124虚拟化为经由虚拟成员交换机112耦合至Fabric交换机100的虚拟装置120。与虚拟交换机关联的交换机可以被称为合作交换机。例如，交换机101和105为与虚拟交换机112关联的合作交换机。交换机101和105向Fabric交换机100中的其他交换机发送关于虚拟交换机112和虚拟装置120的通知消息。一个这样的消息指出虚拟装置120与服务152关联并且耦合至虚拟交换机112。相同的或不同的消息另外指出虚拟交换机112经由交换机101和105可获得。一旦接收到通知消息，其他交换机则变得知道服务152、关联的虚拟装置120和虚拟交换机112。类似地，装置132和134被虚拟化为耦合至虚拟交换机113的虚拟装置130，虚拟交换机113经由交换机101和104可获得。Fabric交换机中的交换机虚拟化及其关联操作诸如数据帧转发在题为“Redundant Host Connection in a RoutedNetwork”的美国专利申请No.2010/0246388中指出，其全部公开内容通过引用合并到本文中。
在操作期间，交换机102从端设备190接收属于要求服务152的子网的数据帧。交换机102识别出虚拟装置120要与服务152关联。交换机152还识别出虚拟装置120耦合至虚拟交换机112。交换机102然后简单地向虚拟交换机112转发数据帧。在一些实施例中，交换机102将数据帧封装在TRILL分组中。数据帧然后被转发给交换机101或者交换机105。如果交换机101和105中的仅一个交换机被配置用于子网，则数据帧被转发给该具体的交换机。假定交换机101接收帧。交换机101又将数据帧转发给本地耦合的装置122，本地耦合的装置122向数据帧提供服务152。例如，如果服务152为防火墙服务，则装置122检查数据帧是否应当被转发给子网。
在从装置122接收回数据帧时，交换机101检查数据帧是否要求任何其他服务。如果数据帧还要求服务153，则交换机101将可以提供服务153的装置132识别为本地装置并且将数据帧转发给装置132。当交换机101从装置132接收回数据帧时，交换机101检查数据帧是否要求任何其他服务。如果没有，则交换机101朝着其目的地转发数据帧。这样，Fabric交换机100从装置122、124、132和134接收服务而没有配置Fabric交换机100中的各个交换机。
虚拟交换机112使得交换机102、103和104能够简单地向虚拟交换机112转发属于要求服务152的子网的数据帧。数据帧基于Fabric交换机100的路由策略到达交换机101或交换机105。在一些实施例中，虚拟装置120可以逻辑上耦合至交换机101和105而非虚拟交换机112。在这样的场景下，交换机101和105向交换机102、103和104广告虚拟装置120为本地耦合的装置，而非创建虚拟交换机112。因此，交换机102、103和104向交换机101或交换机105发送属于要求服务152的子网的数据帧。然而，如果没有虚拟交换机112，则相应的交换机需要明确地选择交换机101或交换机105为用于发送数据帧的外出RBridge。例如，交换机102可以选择交换机105，而交换机103可以选择交换机101用于向虚拟装置120转发数据帧。
被添加至Fabric交换机100的新的装置可以与现有服务或新的服务关联。图1B连同图1A中的示例图示根据本发明的实施例的如何将用于现有服务的新的装置动态地添加至Fabric交换机。在这一示例中，提供现有服务153的装置136被添加至Fabric交换机100。装置136为在物理机135上运行的虚拟机。因此，添加至Fabric交换机100的新的装置可以是虚拟机。因为虚拟装置130和虚拟交换机113已经与Fabric交换机100中的交换机153关联，所以交换机103知道服务153、关联的虚拟装置130和虚拟交换机113。在一些实施例中，交换机103向Fabric交换机100中的其他成员交换机发送询问消息以识别与虚拟交换机113关联的交换机(例如，交换机101和104)。
在检测到装置136时，交换机103连同交换机101和104而使装置136与虚拟装置130关联。此外，交换机103变为与虚拟交换机113关联的合作交换机。因此，其他成员交换机诸如交换机102和105仍然感觉仅一个装置(例如，虚拟装置130)在向Fabric交换机100提供服务153。在操作期间，交换机120从端设备190接收属于要求服务153的子网的数据帧。交换机102识别出虚拟装置130耦合至虚拟交换机113。交换机102简单地向虚拟交换机113转发数据帧。因为交换机103现在与虚拟交换机113关联，所以可以向交换机101、103和104中的任意交换机转发数据帧。假定交换机103接收数据帧。交换机103然后将数据帧转发给本地耦合的装置136，其向数据帧提供服务153。
图1C连同图1B中的示例图示根据本发明的实施例的如何将用于新的服务的新的装置动态地添加至Fabric交换机。在这一示例中，提供新的服务154的装置142被添加至Fabric交换机100。因为服务154是新的，所以在检测到装置142时，交换机103在Fabric交换机100中创建与服务154关联的虚拟装置140。交换机130还创建虚拟交换机114，并且向Fabric交换机100中的其他成员交换机发送通知消息以通知他们虚拟交换机114已经加入Fabric交换机100并且经由交换机103可获得。交换机103经由相同的或者不同的消息通知其他交换机虚拟装置140可以向Fabric交换机100提供服务154并且耦合至虚拟交换机114。
在接收到消息时，其他交换机检测到虚拟交换机114为另一成员交换机并且虚拟装置140为耦合至虚拟交换机114的物理装置。这些交换机从而更新其相应的转发信息。在操作期间，交换机从端设备190接收属于要求服务154的子网的数据帧。交换机102识别出虚拟装置140耦合至虚拟交换机114。交换机102然后将数据帧转发给虚拟交换机114。因为仅交换机103与虚拟交换机114关联，所以数据帧被转发给交换机103。当交换机103接收到数据帧时，交换机将数据帧转发给本地耦合的装置142，其向数据帧提供服务154。这样，可以仅经由交换机130将服务154动态地插入Fabric交换机100而没有手动配置交换机101、102、104和105。
动态服务插入
图2图示根据本发明的实施例的具有动态服务插入能力的Fabric交换机的示例性配置。在这一示例中，Fabric交换机200包括交换机212、214和216。Fabric交换机200还包括交换机202、204、222和224，交换机202、204、222和224中的每个交换机具有可以耦合至外部设备的大量边缘端口。例如，交换机202和204可以经由以太网边缘端口与端设备262和264耦合。在学习到端设备262和264的介质访问控制(MAC)地址时，交换机202和204与Fabric交换机200中的其余交换机共享所学习到的MAC地址。类似地，交换机222和224也经由以太网边缘端口耦合至装置252和254。装置252和254向Fabric交换机200提供服务270。
在一些实施例中，Fabric交换机200中的交换机为TRILLRBridge并且使用TRILL协议彼此通信。这些RBridge具有用于与Fabric交换机200中的其他TRILL RBridge的连接的基于TRILL的交换机间端口。虽然Fabric交换机200内的物理交换机被标记为“TRILL RBridge”，然而它们不同于传统的TRILL RBridge在于它们由RC交换机Fabric控制平面来控制。换言之，交换机地址的分配、链路发现和维护、拓扑聚合、路由和转发可以由对应的FC协议来处理。具体地，每个TRILL RBridge的交换机ID或别名被从对应的FC交换机域ID来映射，FC交换机域ID可以在交换机加入Fabric交换机200时被自动分配(这在逻辑上类似于FC交换机Fabric)。
注意，TRILL仅用作Fabric交换机200内的交换机之间的传输。这是因为TRILL可以很容易地容纳本地以太网帧。此外，TRILL标准提供了可以在具有任意拓扑的任意路由网络中使用的即时可用转发机制(虽然Fabric交换机200中的实际路由是由FC交换机Fabric协议来进行的)。本发明的实施例并不应当限于使用仅TRILL作为传输。其他协议(诸如多协议标记交换(MPLS)或因特网协议(IP))、或者是公共协议或者是私有协议也可以用于传输。
当装置252和254耦合至Fabric交换机200时，交换机222和224相互连同地将装置252和254虚拟化为经由虚拟成员交换机240耦合至Fabric交换机200的虚拟装置250。在一些实施例中，虚拟交换机240为TRILL RBridge并且被分配以虚拟RBridge标识符245。RBridge 222和224向RBridge 202、204、212、214和216发送通知消息。通知消息指出与RBridge标识符245关联的虚拟RBridge 240经由RBridge 222和224可获得。RBridge 222和224在相同的消息或者不同的通知消息中指出虚拟装置250与服务270关联并且耦合至虚拟交换机240。
假定端设备262和264属于要求服务270的子网。在操作期间，端设备262向端设备264发送数据帧。RBridge 202接收数据帧并且检测服务270对于数据帧的要求。基于从RBridge 222和224接收的通知消息，RBridge 202知道虚拟装置250和虚拟RBridge 240。RBridge 202将数据帧封装在具有作为外出RBridge标识符的虚拟RBridge标识符245的TRILL分组中并且向虚拟RBridge 240转发分组。
RBridge 222经由中间RBridge 212接收分组，并且认识到分组待去往虚拟RBridge 240。因为虚拟RBridge与服务270关联并且分组包括虚拟RBridge标识符245，所以RBridge 222检测到封装的数据帧要求服务270。RBridge 222从TRILL分组中提取数据帧并且将数据帧转发给本地耦合的装置252。在从装置252接收回数据帧时，RBridge 222识别端设备264的目的MAC地址，将数据帧封装在具有作为外出RBridge标识符的RBridge 204的RBridge标识符的TRILL分组中，并且向RBridge 204转发分组。
在图1B和图1C的示例中，在接收到装置136时，交换机103识别待与现有服务153关联的装置136，并且使装置136与对应虚拟装置130关联。另一方面，在检测到装置142时，交换机130识别待与新的服务154关联的装置142，并且创建用于服务154的虚拟装置140。因此，相应的成员交换机可以在Fabric交换机中动态地添加用于现有服务的装置，或者插入新的服务和对应装置。图3A呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的向Fabric交换机动态地添加装置的Fabric交换机的成员交换机的处理的流程图。在检测到新的装置时(操作302)，交换机标记耦合装置的边缘端口并且识别与装置关联的服务(操作304)。这样，交换机可以对从边缘端口接收到的数据帧进行适当的动作。交换机然后检查Fabric交换机中(操作306)是否存在服务。
如果存在服务，则交换机识别与服务关联的虚拟装置(操作320)，并且识别逻辑上耦合至虚拟装置的虚拟交换机(操作322)。交换机识别与虚拟交换机关联的合作交换机(操作324)，并且通知合作交换机关于新耦合的装置(操作326)。在一些实施例中，交换机发送包括关于新的装置的信息的通知消息以通知识别的合作交换机。交换机连同合作交换机而使本地交换机与虚拟交换机关联(操作328)。通过操作328，交换机变成逻辑上耦合至虚拟交换机，并且其他合作交换机开始将该交换机看作是用于虚拟交换机的新的合作交换机。该交换机通知Fabric交换机中的其他交换机关于要耦合至本地交换机的虚拟交换机(操作330)。因此，其他交换机可以向该交换机转发去往虚拟交换机的数据帧。
如果不存在服务，则装置提供新的服务。交换机创建与服务关联的虚拟装置(操作310)以及创建在逻辑上耦合至虚拟装置的虚拟交换机(操作312)。交换机然后生成虚拟交换机标识符并且将虚拟交换机标识符分配给虚拟交换机(操作314)。交换机通知其他成员交换机关于作为耦合至本地交换机的新的成员交换机的新的虚拟交换机(操作316)。在一些实施例中，交换机发送包括虚拟交换机标识符的通知消息以通知其他成员交换机。交换机通知其他成员交换机关于提供新的服务并且耦合至虚拟交换机的新耦合的装置(操作318)。注意，其他成员交换机可以将虚拟装置和虚拟交换机看作是物理设备并且彼此物理耦合。
图3B呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的动态地配置服务的Fabric交换机的成员交换机的处理的流程图。交换机接收关于新的交换机的通知(操作352)，并且接收关于提供新的服务并且耦合至新的交换机的新的装置的通知(操作354)。交换机可以经由单个消息或者多个消息接收这两个通知。虽然新的交换机和新的装置为彼此逻辑耦合的虚拟设备，然而交换机可以将装置和交换机看作是彼此物理耦合的物理设备。交换机然后变得知道可用于Fabric的服务。因此，交换机配置本地交换机以识别属于要求服务的子网的数据帧(操作356)，并且配置本地交换机以将识别的数据帧转发给新的交换机(操作358)。
执行序列
当多个服务与Fabric交换机关联时，服务可以要求具体的执行序列。这样的序列可以基于服务的相互依赖性和/或优先权。图4图示根据本发明的实施例的Fabric交换机中的动态地插入的服务之间的示例性执行序列。如图4所示，Fabric交换机400包括成员交换机401、402、403、404和405。端设备492和494分别经由成员交换机402和405耦合至Fabric交换机400。端设备492和494的示例包括但不限于层2交换机、层3路由器、架顶交换机和物理或虚拟宿主机。在一些实施例中，Fabric交换机400为TRILL网络；交换机401、402、403、404和405为RBridge；并且经由交换机间端口发送和接收的数据帧被封装在TRILL头中。
装置422和424向Fabric交换机400提供服务152并且分别耦合至成员交换机401和404。类似地，装置432和434向Fabric交换机400提供服务453并且分别耦合至成员交换机403和404；装置442向Fabric交换机400提供服务454并且耦合至成员交换机403。服务的示例包括但不限于防火墙、负载平衡、入侵检测/保护、网络分析和网络虚拟化。虽然装置434为物理机，然而装置432为在物理机431上运行的虚拟机。交换机401和404彼此连同地将装置422和424虚拟化为经由虚拟成员交换机412耦合至Fabric交换机400的虚拟装置420。类似地，装置432和434被虚拟化为耦合至虚拟交换机413的虚拟装置430；装置442被虚拟化为耦合至虚拟交换机414的虚拟装置440。
Fabric交换机400的成员交换机的中的任何成员交换机诸如交换机402可以接收用于子网的服务配置。在一些实施例中，网络管理员向交换机402提供服务配置(例如，用服务配置来配置交换机402)。在这一示例中，服务配置指出属于子网的数据帧要求服务452、453和454。配置还指出要求的服务的序列为服务452、454和453。例如，如果服务452、453和454与防火墙、负载平衡和入侵检测对应，则服务的序列指出属于子网的相应的数据帧应当首先被用防火墙过滤，然后检查侵入，并且最终基于负载平衡器中的配置的策略被转发。
在操作期间，交换机从端设备492接收属于子网并且去往端设备494的数据帧。交换机402将被要求用于数据帧的初始服务识别为服务452，其与虚拟装置420关联。交换机402还识别出虚拟装置420耦合至虚拟交换机412。交换机402将数据帧转发给虚拟交换机412。数据帧基于Fabric交换机400的内部路由策略而被转发给交换机401。交换机401将所接收的数据帧识别为要去往虚拟交换机412，并且认识到数据帧要求服务452。交换机401经由端口462将数据帧转发给装置422，装置422向数据帧提供服务452。例如，如果服务452为防火墙服务，则装置452检查数据帧是否应当被过滤或转发给子网。因为装置422经由端口462耦合至交换机401，所以当交换机401经由端口462接收回数据帧时，交换机401检测到装置422已经完成服务452。
交换机401检查用于子网的下一要求的服务(如果存在)，并且识别服务454为下一服务。交换机401识别与服务454关联的虚拟装置440。交换机401还识别出虚拟装置440耦合至虚拟交换机414。交换机401将数据帧转发给虚拟交换机414。交换机403接收帧并且检测到数据帧要求服务454。交换机403经由端口464将数据帧转发给装置442，装置442又向数据帧提供服务454。因为装置442经由端口464耦合至交换机403，所以当交换机403经由端口464接收回数据帧时，交换机403检测到装置442已经完成服务454。
然后，交换机403检查用于子网的下一要求的服务(如果存在)，并且识别下一服务为服务453，服务453与耦合至虚拟交换机413的虚拟装置430关联。因为交换机403为与虚拟交换机413关联的合作交换机，所以交换机403识别本地耦合的装置432并且经由端口466将数据帧转发给装置432。当交换机403经由端口466接收到数据帧时，交换机403认识到装置432已经完成服务453。一旦完成服务，则交换机403基于端设备494的MAC地址向外出交换机405转发数据帧。
图5A呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的在Fabric交换机中的动态地插入的服务之间分配用于子网的执行序列的成员交换机的处理的流程图。一旦接收到用于子网的服务配置(操作502)，则交换机识别用于与子网关联的服务的执行序列(操作504)。在一些实施例中，相应的成员交换机可以属于一个或多个子网。交换机可以可选地识别属于子网的成员交换机(操作506)。交换机创建包括执行序列的通知消息(操作508)，并且将该消息发送给各个成员交换机(操作510)。消息可以是专用于Fabric交换机的控制消息。在一些实施例中，交换机将消息仅发送给属于子网的成员交换机。
图5B呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的在Fabric交换机中的动态地插入的服务之间配置用于子网的执行序列的成员交换机的处理的流程图。交换机首先接收用于子网的服务的执行序列(操作552)。交换机可以从来自另一成员交换机的本地配置或通知消息接收执行序列，如连同图5A所描述的。交换机检查序列中的初始服务是否为本地可用(操作554)。如果提供服务的装置耦合至交换机，则服务为本地可用。如果服务不是本地可用，则交换机识别与初始服务关联的虚拟装置和对应的虚拟交换机(操作556)。注意，交换机可以将虚拟装置和虚拟交换机看作是物理设备并且彼此物理耦合。本地交换机配置其自身以将子网的数据帧(即，属于子网的数据帧)转发给所识别的虚拟交换机(操作558)。如果服务为本地可用，则本地交换机配置其自身以将子网的帧转发给与初始服务关联的本地装置(操作560)。
交换机检查序列是否具有任何其他服务(操作562)。如果序列具有更多操作，则交换机配置本地交换机以识别子网的从与当前服务关联的虚拟或本地交换机依次接收的帧(操作564)。例如，如果交换机为与虚拟交换机关联的合作交换机，则交换机可以本地识别帧，如连同图4所描述的。操作564确保交换机维护执行序列并且促进对执行序列的配置中的可能的错误的检测。
交换机检查序列中的下一服务是否为本地可用(操作566)。如果服务不是本地可用，则交换机识别与服务关联的虚拟装置和对应的虚拟交换机(操作568)。注意，交换机可以将虚拟装置和虚拟交换机看作是物理设备并且彼此物理耦合。本地交换机配置其自身以将所识别的数据帧转发给所识别的虚拟交换机(操作570)。如果服务为本地可用，则本地交换机配置其自身以将所识别的帧转发给与服务关联的本地装置(操作572)。交换机检查序列是否具有任何其他服务(操作562)，并且继续配置用于下一服务的本地交换机(如果存在)。
数据帧处理
在图2的示例中，成员交换机202和222经由其相应的边缘端口耦合端设备和装置。因此，成员交换机需要区分耦合端设备和装置的边缘端口。图6A呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的处理从边缘端口接收的数据帧的Fabric交换机的成员交换机的处理的流程图。一旦经由边缘端口接收到数据帧(操作602)，则交换机检查边缘端口是否耦合装置(操作604)。在一些实施例中，交换机标记耦合装置的边缘端口以区分该端口与其他边缘端口，如连同图3A所描述的。
如果端口没有耦合装置，则从端设备接收数据帧。交换机识别数据帧属于其的子网(操作606)，并且识别被要求用于数据帧的初始服务(操作608)。对于相应的子网，交换机可以被配置有所要求的服务及其对应的执行序列，如连同图5B所描述的。交换机检查服务是否本地可用(操作610)。如果提供服务的装置耦合至本地边缘端口，则服务为本地可用。如果服务不是本地可用，则交换机识别与服务关联的虚拟装置(操作612)，并且将帧转发给耦合至虚拟装置的虚拟交换机(操作614)。
如果服务为本地可用，则交换机识别耦合与服务关联的装置的本地边缘端口(操作616)，并且将帧发送给所识别的边缘端口(操作618)。如果端口耦合装置(操作604)，则帧在服务完成之后来自本地装置。当交换机从耦合装置的边缘端口接收到数据帧时，交换机检测到装置已经完成关联的服务并且数据帧准备好用于另外的处理。例如，如果装置为防火墙并且如果数据帧不应当被转发给子网，则数据帧在防火墙处被过滤。如果交换机经由耦合防火墙的边缘端口接收回数据帧，则交换机感到该帧“可以许可”用于转发给子网。
交换机检查用于子网的执行序列是否具有任何其他服务(操作620)。如果有，则交换机检查该服务是否为本地可用(操作610)，并且继续对帧进行动作。如果用于子网的执行序列不具有任何其他服务，则帧准备好用于转发给其目的地。交换机检查帧的目的地是否为本地(操作622)。如果目的地为本地，则交换机基于数据帧的目的地MAC地址发送帧(操作624)。例如，当目的地为本地端设备时，交换机将帧发送给边缘端口，从该边缘端口交换机已经了解到端设备的MAC地址。如果真的目的地不是本地，则交换机识别与目的地关联的组成外出交换机(操作626)，并且将数据帧转发给外出交换机(操作628)。因为Fabric交换机中的各个成员交换机与其他成员交换机共享本地了解到的MAC地址，所以各个成员交换机知道耦合至整个Fabric交换机的所有端设备。在一些实施例中，交换机将数据帧封装在TRILL分组中，将外出交换机的标识符设置为分组的外出RBridge标识符，并且将分组转发给外出RBridge。
图6B呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的处理从交换机间端口接收的数据帧的Fabric交换机的成员交换机的处理的流程图。一旦经由交换机间端口接收到数据帧(操作652)，则交换机检查用于所接收到的数据帧的外出交换机是否为本地交换机(操作654)。如果是，则交换机基于数据帧的目的地MAC地址发送数据帧(操作672)，如连同图6A所描述的。如果外出交换机为本地交换机，则交换机检查用于所接收到的数据帧的外出交换机是否为虚拟交换机(操作656)。在一些实施例中，所接收到的数据帧被封装在TRILL分组中，并且交换机基于分组的外出RBridge标识符确定用于所接收到的帧的外出交换机是否为本地或虚拟交换机。
如果帧的外出交换机不是本地或虚拟交换机，则数据帧去往另一交换机。交换机基于外出交换机标识符将数据帧转发给下一跳交换机(操作674)。在一些实施例中，数据帧被封装在TRILL分组中。在这样的场景下，交换机基于分组的外出RBridge标识符来识别下一跳交换机，并且将下一跳交换机的MAC地址设置为分组的外部MAC地址。如果帧的外出交换机不是本地交换机而是虚拟交换机(操作654和656)，则交换机检查虚拟交换机是否在逻辑上耦合至虚拟装置(操作658)。如果帧的外出交换机不是本地交换机而是逻辑上耦合至虚拟装置的虚拟交换机，则交换机识别与在逻辑上耦合至虚拟交换机的虚拟装置关联的本地装置(操作662)，并且将数据帧发送给耦合所识别的装置的边缘端口(操作664)。
如果帧的外出交换机不是本地交换机而是没有在逻辑上耦合至虚拟装置的虚拟交换机(操作654、656和658)，则虚拟交换机与该交换机的不同的特征关联，诸如，如名称为“Redundant HostConnection in a Routed Network”的美国专利公开第2010/0246388号中所指出的虚拟链路聚合，或者如发明人Phanidhar Koganti和SureshVobbilisetty于2012年11月05日提交的名称为“Integrated FiberChannel Support in an Ethernet Fabric Switch”的美国专利申请第13/669,357号，代理人案号BRCD-3122.1.US.NP中所指出的存储网络虚拟化，其公开内容通过引用合并到本文中。因此，交换机基于与虚拟交换机关联的交换机特征来转发数据帧(操作676)。
示例性切换
图7图示根据本发明的实施例的Fabric交换机中的具有动态服务插入能力的示例性成员交换机。在这一示例中，交换机700包括大量通信端口702、序列模块720、服务管理模块730、分组处理器710和储存器750。在一些实施例中，交换机700可以维护Fabric交换机中的成员资格，其中交换机700还包括Fabric交换机管理模块760。Fabric交换机管理模块760维护储存器750中的配置数据库，配置数据库维护Fabric交换机内的各个交换机的配置状态。Fabric交换机管理模块760维护Fabric交换机的状态，其用于连结其他交换机。在这样的场景下，通信端口702可以包括用于Fabric交换机内的通信的交换机间通信信道。这一交换机间通信信道可以基于任何公开或私有格式经由普通通信端口来实现。
在操作期间，服务管理模块730检测经由通信端口702之一耦合至交换机700的装置。服务管理模块730识别由该装置提供的服务。在检测到装置时，分组处理器710构建包括关于服务和用于Fabric交换机中的远程交换机的装置的信息的通知消息。当远程交换机接收到通知消息时，远程交换机动态地配置本地交换机以向交换机700发送要求服务的相应的数据帧。一旦接收到属于要求服务的子网的数据帧，则分组处理器710经由通信端口将分组转发给装置。当分组处理器710经由同一通信端口接收回数据帧时，服务管理模块730将该服务看作是对于数据帧待完成，如连同图2所描述的。
在一些实施例中，交换机还包括虚拟化模块732、其将装置或提供服务的任何其他装置虚拟化为一个虚拟装置，如连同图3A所描述的。虚拟化模块732还可以将交换机和Fabric交换机中与服务关联的任何其他交换机虚拟化为虚拟交换机，如连同图3A所描述的。在这样做时，虚拟化模块732生成用于虚拟交换机的虚拟标识符。分组处理器710呈现待耦合至虚拟装置的虚拟交换机的第二通知消息。
当Fabric交换机中的不同的成员交换机通知交换机700关于第二服务时，分组处理器将属于要求第二服务的子网的相应的数据帧转发给该成员交换机。这一其他成员交换机可以是由虚拟交换机标识符识别的虚拟交换机。在一些实施例中，虚拟交换机标识符为虚拟RBridge标识符。在这样的场景下，分组处理器710将数据帧封装在具有作为分组的外出RBridge标识符的虚拟RBridge标识符TRILL分组中，如连同图2所描述的。序列模块720一旦接收到与子网关联的执行序列则基于这一序列确定是否将属于子网的数据帧转发给耦合至虚拟交换机的装置，如连同图5B所描述的。
注意，上述模块可以用硬件以及软件来实现。在实施例中，这些模块可以用存储在耦合至交换机700中的一个或多个处理器的存储器中的计算机可执行指令来实施。在执行时，这些指令使得处理器执行上述功能。
总之，本发明的实施例提供了一种交换机和一种用于在以太网Fabric交换机中进行动态服务插入的方法。在实施例中，交换机包括服务管理模块和分组处理器。在操作期间，服务管理模块识别由经由本地端口耦合至交换机的装置提供的服务。分组处理器构建用于远程交换机的通知消息。通知消息包括关于服务和装置的信息。这样，交换机使得远程交换机能够请求服务。
本文中所描述的方法和处理可以实施为代码和/或数据，代码和/或数据可以存储在计算机可读非瞬态存储介质中。在计算机系统读取并且执行存储在计算机可读非瞬态存储介质上的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行被实施为数据结构和代码并且存储在介质内的方法和处理。
本文中所描述的方法和处理可以由硬件模块或装置来执行和/或包括在硬件模块或装置中。这些模块或装置可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、在特定时间执行特定软件模块或一段代码的专用或共享处理器、和/或现在已知或稍后开发的其他可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块或装置被激活时，它们执行这些方法和其中所包括的处理。
已经仅出于说明和描述的目的呈现了对本发明的实施例的以上描述。它们并非意在尽述或限制本公开内容。因此，对于本领域技术人员而言，很多修改和变化都是清楚的。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来定义。
Claims (20)
1.一种交换机，包括：
服务管理模块，被配置成识别由经由本地端口耦合至所述交换机的装置提供的服务；以及
分组处理器，耦合至所述服务管理模块并且可配置成构造用于远程交换机的通知消息，其中所述通知消息包括关于所述服务和所述装置的信息，从而使得所述远程交换机能够请求所述服务。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，还包括虚拟化模块，所述虚拟化模块可配置成连同所述分组处理器来操作以在所述通知消息中将所述装置表示为虚拟装置，其中所述虚拟装置与提供所述服务的一个或多个装置关联。
3.根据权利要求2所述的交换机，其中所述分组处理器还可配置成构造包括虚拟交换机的虚拟标识符的第二通知消息；
其中所述虚拟交换机与所述交换机关联并且被呈现为耦合至所述虚拟装置；以及
其中所述虚拟化模块还可配置成生成所述虚拟标识符。
4.根据权利要求3所述的交换机，其中所述虚拟交换机还与第二交换机关联；以及
其中所述第二交换机本地耦合至能够提供所述服务并且与所述虚拟装置关联的第二装置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中所述分组处理器还可配置成：
提取关于第二服务和第三装置的信息，其中所述第三装置能够提供所述第二服务并且耦合至第三交换机；以及
向所述第三交换机转发要求所述第二服务的相应的数据帧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的交换机，还包括序列模块，所述序列模块可配置成：
接收用于所述服务和所述第二服务的执行序列，其中所述序列与子网关联；以及
基于所述序列确定是否向所述装置或所述第三装置转发属于所述子网的数据帧。
7.根据权利要求5所述的交换机，其中所述分组处理器还可配置成将所述数据帧封装在具有作为所述分组的外出路由桥(RBridge)标识符的虚拟RBridge标识符的多链路透明互连(TRILL)分组中；以及
其中所述虚拟RBridge标识符对应于所述第三交换机。
8.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中所述服务管理模块还可配置成响应于经由所述本地端口接收到所述数据帧而确定用于所述数据帧的所述服务完成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，还包括可配置成维护Fabric交换机中的成员资格的Fabric交换机管理模块，其中所述Fabric交换机被配置成容纳多个交换机并且作为单个逻辑交换机来操作。
10.一种方法，包括：
识别由经由本地端口耦合至交换机的装置提供的服务；以及
构建用于远程交换机的通知消息，其中所述通知消息包括关于所述服务和所述装置的信息，从而使得所述远程交换机能够请求所述服务。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：在所述通知消息中将所述装置表示为虚拟装置，其中所述虚拟装置与提供所述服务的一个或多个装置关联。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括：
生成与虚拟交换机关联的虚拟标识符；以及
构建包括所述虚拟标识符的第二通知消息；
其中所述虚拟交换机与所述交换机关联并且被呈现为耦合至所述虚拟装置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述虚拟交换机还与第二交换机关联；以及
其中所述第二交换机本地耦合至能够提供所述服务并且与所述虚拟装置关联的第二装置。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：
提取关于第二服务和第三装置的信息，其中所述第三装置能够提供所述第二服务并且耦合至第三交换机；以及
向所述第三交换机转发要求所述第二服务的相应的数据帧。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，还包括：
接收用于所述服务和所述第二服务的执行序列，其中所述序列与子网关联；以及
基于所述序列确定是否向所述装置或所述第三装置转发属于子网的数据帧。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法，还包括：
将所述数据帧封装在具有作为所述分组的外出路由桥(RBridge)标识符的虚拟RBridge标识符的多链路透明互连(TRILL)分组中；以及
其中所述虚拟RBridge标识符对应于所述第三交换机。
17.根据权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：响应于经由所述本地端口接收到所述数据帧而确定用于所述数据帧的所述服务完成。
18.根据权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：维护Fabric交换机中的成员资格，其中所述Fabric交换机被配置成容纳多个交换机并且作为单个逻辑交换机来操作。
19.一种存储指令的非瞬态计算机可读存储介质，所述指令在由计算机执行时使所述计算机执行用于保护数据库配置免于不期望的修改的方法，所述方法包括：
识别由经由本地端口耦合至交换机的装置提供的服务；以及
构建用于远程交换机的通知消息，其中所述通知消息包括关于所述服务和所述装置的信息，从而使得所述远程交换机能够请求所述服务。
20.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读存储介质，其中所述方法还包括：
在所述通知消息中将所述装置表示为虚拟装置，其中所述虚拟装置与提供所述服务的一个或多个装置关联；以及
构建包括与虚拟交换机关联的虚拟标识符的第二通知消息；
其中所述虚拟交换机与所述交换机关联并且被呈现为耦合至所述虚拟装置。
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| WO2013130476A2 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
| WO2013130476A3 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
| US20130223449A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
| US9742693B2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
| EP2820809B1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
| CN104272684B (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
| EP2820809A2 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
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