CN103475351A - 接近开关及其灵敏度的调整方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/9401—Calibration techniques
- H03K2217/94026—Automatic threshold calibration; e.g. threshold automatically adapts to ambient conditions or follows variation of input
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
- H03K2217/960775—Emitter-receiver or "fringe" type detection, i.e. one or more field emitting electrodes and corresponding one or more receiving electrodes
Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有灵敏度控制的车辆接近开关和方法。该开关包括安装在车辆中并提供感测启动场的接近传感器，诸如电容传感器。控制电路处理启动场以通过比较启动场与阈值来感测用户对开关的启动。当在最小时间段内检测到基本稳定的传感器信号低于阈值时调低阈值，当检测到传感器信号比阈值大预定值时调高阈值。
Description
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及开关，更具体地，涉及具有增强的灵敏度控制的接近开关。
背景技术
机动车通常装备有各种用户可致动开关，诸如用于操控包括电动窗、前照灯、雨刷、天窗、内部照明灯、广播和信息娱乐设备的设备以及各种其它设备的开关。通常，这些类型的开关需要由用户致动以启动或停用某设备或执行某种类型的控制功能。接近开关(诸如电容开关)采用一个或多个接近传感器来生成感测启动场(sense activation field)并感测表明用户致动开关的启动场的变化，这种变化通常由用户手指接近或接触传感器而引起。接近开关通常配置成基于感测启动场与阈值的比较来检测用户是否启动开关。然而，不同用户的手指大小不同、指甲长度不同、启动方式不同并且可能戴着具有不同介电特性的手套，所有这些都会影响启动场与阈值的比较结果，从而产生不同的启动检测值。期望提供一种允许在使用中发生上述变化的增强型接近开关。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种具有灵敏度控制的接近开关。该接近开关包括提供感测启动场并生成信号的接近传感器。该接近开关还包括控制电路，其基于信号与阈值的比较检测接近开关的启动并调整阈值以控制灵敏度。当信号在最小时间段内小于阈值时降低该阈值，以及当信号比阈值超出预定值时增加该阈值。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种具有灵敏度控制的车辆电容开关。安装在车辆内部的电容传感器提供感测启动场并生成信号。车辆电容开关还包括控制电路，其基于信号与阈值的比较检测开关的启动并调整阈值以控制灵敏度。当信号基本稳定并在最小时间段内小于阈值时降低该阈值，并且当信号比阈值超出预定值时增加该阈值。
根据本发明的又一个方面，提供了一种感测用户接近的方法。该方法包括通过接近传感器生成感测启动场并响应于用户交互而通过接近传感器生成信号的步骤。该方法进一步包括通过将信号与阈值进行比较来检测接近开关的启动并且在最小时间段内检测到信号低于阈值时降低该阈值的步骤。该方法还包括在信号比阈值超出预定值时增加该阈值的步骤。
本领域的技术人员在研究以下说明书、权利要求和附图之后，将理解本发明的这些和其它方面、目标和特征。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1是根据一个实施例的具有采用灵敏度控制的接近开关的顶置控制台的机动车车厢的立体图；
图2是图1所示顶置控制台和接近开关组件的放大图；
图3是沿图2所示线III-III截取的示出关于用户戴手套的手指的接近开关阵列的放大截面图；
图4是应用于图3所示每个电容开关的电容传感器的示意图；
图5是示出根据一个实施例的接近开关组件的框图；
图6是示出在无灵敏度调整的情况下与电容传感器关联的信号的启动动作曲线的曲线图；
图7是示出在阈值调整增加的情况下与电容传感器关联的信号的曲线图；
图8是示出在阈值调整增加至峰值的情况下与电容传感器关联的信号的曲线图；
图9是示出在阈值调整降低的情况下与电容传感器关联的信号的曲线图；
图10是示出在阈值调整降低至最小值的情况下与电容传感器关联的信号的曲线图；
图11是根据一个实施例示出获知和降低电容开关灵敏度的程序的流程图；
图12是根据一个实施例示出获知和增加灵敏度的程序的流程图；
图13是根据一个实施例示出检测到手套时增加灵敏度的程序的流程图；
图14是根据另一个实施例示出检测到手套时增加灵敏度的程序的流程图；以及
图15是根据一个实施例示出调高灵敏度阈值的程序的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的具体实施例按要求在此公开，然而，应当理解，在此公开的实施例仅为本发明的示例，其能够以各种替代方式实施。附图不一定是具体设计；可对一些图表放大或缩小以显示功能概况。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应视为限定，而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方式应用本发明的代表性基础。
参照图1和图2，根据一个实施例，机动车10内部通常示出具有车厢和采用多个接近开关22的开关组件20，其中接近开关22通过灵敏度调整来处理开关启动。车辆10通常包括装配至车厢顶部的车顶或顶蓬下侧的车顶盖内饰板的顶置控制台12，其通常位于前排乘坐区上方。根据一个实施例，开关组件20具有多个在顶置控制台12中彼此靠近布置的接近开关22。各个接近开关22可控制多种车辆设备和功能中的任一个，如控制天窗16的移动、控制天窗遮板18的移动、控制一个或多个照明设备(如内部地图/阅读灯和顶灯30)的启动、以及控制各种其它设备和功能。然而，应当理解，接近开关22可位于车辆10的其它位置，诸如位于仪表板中、门上、其它控制台(如中控台)上、整合到广播或信息娱乐系统(如导航或音频显示)的触摸屏显示器14中、或者根据不同车辆应用位于车辆10内部的其它位置。
根据一个实施例，在此示出和说明的接近开关22为电容开关。每个接近开关22都包括至少一个提供感测启动场的接近传感器，感测启动场用于感测用户相对于一个或多个接近传感器的接触或接近(如，1毫米之内)，例如用户手指的敲击动作。因此，在该示例性实施例中，每个接近开关22的感测启动场均为电容场，并且用户的手指具有在感测启动场中引起变化或扰动的导电性和介电性，这些对本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。然而，本领域的技术人员还应当理解，可以使用另外或替代类型的接近传感器，例如但不限于电感传感器、光学传感器、温度传感器、电阻式传感器等或上述几种的组合。示例性接近传感器在2009年4月9日的出版号为10620D-AT42-04/09的
Touch Sensors Design Guide(ATMEL触摸传感器设计指南)中已有描述，其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
图1和图2所示的接近开关22均提供对车辆部件或设备的控制或提供指定控制功能。一个或多个接近开关22可用于控制天窗16的移动，以基于控制算法使天窗16沿打开或关闭方向移动、使天窗倾斜或使天窗的移动停止。一个或多个其它接近开关22可用于控制天窗遮板18在打开和关闭位置之间移动。天窗16与遮板18均可响应于相应的接近开关22的开启而由电动机致动。其它接近开关22可用于控制其它设备，如开启或关闭内部地图灯/阅读灯30、开启或关闭顶灯、解锁行李箱，打开后舱或使门灯开关失效。经由接近开关22的其他控制可包括向上和向下致动门电动窗。各种其它车辆控制可通过在此描述的接近开关22进行控制。
参照图3，示出了接近开关组件20的一部分，其具有三个串联布置的、彼此紧密相关的接近开关22的阵列，它们在开关组件20使用过程中与所示由手套35覆盖的用户手指34关联。每个接近开关22都包括用于生成感测启动场的一个或多个接近传感器24。根据一个实施例，每个接近传感器24都可通过在聚合物顶置控制台12的顶面印制导电油墨来形成。图4中示出了印制油墨接近传感器24的一个实例，其通常包括驱动电极26和接收电极28，两个电极均具有生成电容场32的交叉梳状结构。应当理解，每个接近传感器24都可通过其它方式形成，例如，根据其它实施例，在基板上装配预成形的导电电路轨迹。驱动电极26接收以电压VI施加的方波驱动脉冲。接收电极28具有生成输出电压Vo的输出。应当理解，电极26与电极28可以布置为各种其它结构来用于生成如启动场32的电容场。
在本文示出和描述的实施例中，为每个接近传感器24的驱动电极26施加方波脉冲形式的输入电压V1，其具有足够将接收电极28充电至期望电压的充电脉冲循环。接收电极28因此充当测量电极。在所示实施例中，由相邻接近开关22生成的相邻感测启动场32有轻微重叠，然而，根据其它实施例也可以不存在重叠。当用户或操作者(如用户的手指34)进入启动场32时，接近开关组件20检测手指34对启动场32的扰动，并确定这种扰动是否足以启动相应的接近开关22。通过处理与相应信号通道相关的电脉冲信号来检测启动场32的扰动。该信号会根据用户手指的不同特性(如手指的尺寸或手指被手套覆盖)而有所不同。当用户的手指34接触两个启动场32时，接近开关组件20通过各自的信号通道检测两个接触启动场32的扰动。每个接近开关22都具有自己专用的信号通道来生成电脉冲计数，这以本文讨论的方式进行处理。
参照图5，根据一个实施例示出了接近开关组件20。所示多个接近开关22为控制器(诸如微控制器)40提供输入。控制器40可包括控制电路，诸如微处理器42与存储器48。控制电路可包括处理与每个开关22相关联的启动场信号的感测控制电路以通过比较启动场信号与一个或多个控制程序的一个或多个阈值来感测用户对相应开关的启动。控制电路还包括灵敏度控制电路，用于基于用户启动来获得开关的用户灵敏度并基于所获知的用户灵敏度来控制灵敏度。应该想到，也可利用其它模拟和/或数字控制电路来处理每个启动场、调整阈值、确定用户启动以及初始化动作。根据一个实施例，控制器40可采用支持的QMatrix获取方法。ATMEL获取方法利用主机的C/C++编译器和调试器WinAVR来简化开发并测试多用途鹰眼，其用于实时监控软件中关键变量的内部状态并收集数据日志来用于后处理。
控制器40向被配置成响应于接近开关启动而执行专用动作的一个或多个设备提供输出信号。例如，一个或多个设备可以包括：天窗16，具有电机以在开/关位置和倾斜位置之间移动天窗面板；天窗遮板18，在开/关位置之间移动；以及可开启/关闭的照明装置30。也可控制其它设备，诸如用于执行开/关功能的无线电、音量控制、扫描以及用于执行其它专用功能的专用设备。其中一个接近开关22可用于关闭天窗，另一个接近开关22可专用于打开天窗，再一个开关22可用于将天窗驱动到倾斜位置，所有这些都会使电机将天窗移动到期望位置。天窗遮板18可响应于一个接近开关22而打开并响应于另一个接近开关22而关闭。
控制器40被进一步示出具有连接于微处理器42的模数(A/D)比较器44。A/D比较器44接收来自于每个接近开关22的电压输出VO，将模拟信号转换为数字信号，并将数字信号提供给微处理器42。此外，控制器40包括连接于微处理器42的脉冲计数器46。脉冲计数器46对施加于每个接近传感器的每个驱动电极的充电信号脉冲计数，对需要为电容充电直到输出电压VO达到预定电压的脉冲进行计数，以及将计数提供至微处理器42。脉冲计数表明相应的电容传感器中电容的改变。控制器40还被示出与脉宽调制驱动缓冲器15进行通信。控制器40为脉宽调制驱动缓冲器15提供脉宽调制信号，以生成方波脉冲序列VI，其被施加于每个接近开关/传感器22的每个驱动电极。控制器40执行一个或多个控制程序，诸如存储在存储器中的控制程序100，以对其中一个开关的启动进行确认并如本文所述调整开关灵敏度。
在图6至图10中，根据各种实施例示出了表示为“Δ传感器计数”的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化量，其用于与图3所示接近开关22关联的单信号通道。传感器充电脉冲计数的变化量是在启动场中不存在任何手指或其它物体时的初始参考计数值与相应传感器读数之间的差值。在这些实例中，当用户的手指在开关上方移动时，用户的手指会进入与其中一个接近开关关联的启动场32。信号通道为与该开关的电容传感器24关联的传感器充电脉冲计数的变化量(Δ)。在本公开实施例中，接近传感器24为电容传感器。当用户的手指接触或贴近传感器24时，手指改变了相应传感器24中所测得的电容。该电容与未触碰的传感器垫片寄生电容并联，由此测量此电容作为偏移(offset)。用户或操作者引起的电容与用户的手指或身体其它部分的介电常数和暴露于电容垫片的表面积成正比，与用户的四肢相对于开关按钮的距离成反比例。根据一个实施例，每个传感器都受到经过脉宽调制电器件的电压脉冲序列的刺激直到该传感器充电达到设定电势。这种获取方法将接收电极28充电至已知电势。重复该循环直至测量电容器两端的电压达到预定电压。将用户的手指放在开关22的触摸表面上引入了外部电容，其增加了每个循环转移的电荷量，从而减少了测量电容达到预定电压所要求的总循环数。由于传感器充电脉冲计数的变化量基于初始参考计数减去传感器读数，所以用户的手指引起该值的增加。
接近开关组件提供灵敏度控制，以允许用户通过具有各种导电或介电特性的手指(如用户戴手套相对于不戴手套的情况)操控接近开关。因此，用户(如在手上与手指上戴有手套的用户)可有效操控接近开关。上述过程通过如下方式实现：当用户试图致动接近开关组件时，接近开关组件获知用户手指的灵敏度，然后增加灵敏度来适应手或手指上有手套时的使用或者在未戴手套时降低灵敏度。灵敏度的获知过程也可用于改变灵敏度以适应用户的手指、指甲大小和敲击方式(如在敲击输入动作期间手指与接近开关22之间的距离)之间的差异。用户手指的导电性因人而异，这会引起对感测启动场的不同的改变或扰动。灵敏度获知过程有利地调整灵敏度以补偿使用中产生的这些变化。
控制器40执行一个或多个程序，包括存储在存储器48中并可基于一个或多个接近开关22的输入由微处理器44执行的灵敏度调整程序100。应当理解，控制器40可基于用户使用接近开关组件20时所获得的灵敏度来调整接近开关22的灵敏度以致动一个或多个接近开关22。每个接近开关22的灵敏度都要通过基于获取的灵敏度调整阈值来进行调整。调整后的阈值用于检测一个或多个用户对开关的致动。应当理解，除检测戴手套与未戴手套的手指外，诸如尺寸、形状和影响手指介电常数的其它特性的其它变量也可以通过灵敏度获知过程自动调整，以适应不同用途和不同用户。
参照图6，当用户的手指接近开关时，手指进入与传感器关联的启动场，这会引起对电容的改变，从而如信号60所示引起传感器计数增加，信号60表示的启动动作曲线首先上升至超过阈值并达到峰值PEAK CHMAX，然后随着手指离开传感器而下降。在该实例中，信号在其峰值PEAK CHMAX值处超过阈值，因此开关被启动。峰值PEAK CHMAX还与阈值和ΔUP的加和进行比较以确定峰值PEAK CHMAX是否超过阈值+ΔUP。在该实例中，峰值PEAK CHMAX小于阈值+ΔUP，由此阈值未发生改变，因此灵敏度也未发生改变。
参照图7，示出了与开关关联的信号60的启动动作曲线，其中信号60上升至超过阈值+ΔUP的峰值PEAK CHMAX。在该实例中，PEAK CHMAX超过阈值，由此开关被启动。此外，PEAK CHMAX值大于阈值+ΔUP，使得阈值发生变化以调整灵敏度。此外，在该实例中，峰值PEAK CHMAX小于最大阈值THRESHOLD_MAX，使得将阈值向上调整PEAK CHMAX与ΔUP的差值以达到示为新阈值的值。因此，当检测到由于用户启动而产生的较大信号幅值时，将阈值向上调整PEAK CHMAX-ΔUP的差量以调整灵敏度。
参照图8，示出了开关的动作启动曲线，其中，PEAK CHMAX值超过最大阈值。在该实例中，由于PEAK CHMAX值大于阈值，因此开关被启动。此外，PEAK CHMAX值大于阈值+ΔUP并超过最大阈值，由此将新阈值调整为最大阈值。因此，阈值的调整上限为最大阈值。
参照图9，示出了作为用户使用手套的实例的开关的动作启动曲线60。在该实例中，信号60的Δ传感器计数值上升至小于阈值的PEAK CHMAX值。当这种情况发生时，接近开关组件在足够长的时间段内(诸如1秒)寻找稳定时间段TSTABLE以确定用户正试图启动开关，但信号值强度不够，这种情况可例如在用户戴手套时发生。通过在确认之前在预定时间段(如1秒)内等待稳定信号，系统允许以已知方式调整灵敏度。当PEAK CHMAX-ΔDOWN大于最小阈值时，阈值被设置为峰值PEAK CHMAX减去预定量ΔDOWN的新阈值以调整灵敏度。因此，开关以后的启动将通过比较信号与灵敏度增加的新的减小的阈值来确定，这样能够实现通过戴着手套的手指操控开关。
参照图10，示出了开关的动作启动曲线60，在此期间，用户的手指在按钮上持续按压一段时间TSTABLE，以调整阈值或将其降低至下限为最小阈值的新阈值。在该实例中，PEAK CHMAX减去ΔDOWN的减小后的量小于最小阈值，由此减小后的新阈值被限制为最小阈值。
根据一个实施例，接近开关组件和方法将电容垫片传感器的突发率(burst rate)设定为固定值(如最优值)，这样可实现低信噪比。因此，可阻绝噪音并防止误启动。突发率的设定使得能够检测到厚手套覆盖的手指的存在。为调整系统的灵敏度并实现在有无手套的情况下均可使用，该系统和方法调整触发值(例如阈值)用于识别开关的预期启动。
接近开关组件和方法在PEAK CHMAX信号超过阈值+ΔUP时检测Δ传感器计数的增加并通过增加阈值降低灵敏度来调整灵敏度值。这允许未戴手套的用户自动增加灵敏度来适应使用。当用户戴有手套或者与电容传感器交互的手指灵敏度较低时，在足够长的时间段(诸如1.0秒)内具有稳定的干净信号的情况下，该系统和方法会在Δ传感器计数信号的PEAKCHMAX信号低于阈值时降低阈值。根据一个实施例，稳定时间段TSTABLE可以为0.5秒至1秒。该系统和方法因此能够有利地确定用户试图与传感器交互，然而，用户的手指相对于对传感器的灵敏度降低，这种情况可例如由覆盖手指的手套引起。当这种情况发生时，降低阈值以增加接近开关的灵敏度。
参照图11，程序100示出用于调高阈值，这会降低接近开关组件的灵敏度。程序100开始于步骤102，然后进行至决策步骤104以确定阈值是否大于PEAK_CHANNEL减去THRESHOLD_DELTA_UP(ΔUP)，如果条件不满足，则进行至步骤106以将阈值设置为等于PEAK_CHANNEL减去THRESHOLD_DELTA_UP。DELTA_UP(ΔUP)作为滞后(hysteresis)以防止重复进入/离开手套模式。接下来，在决策步骤108处，如果阈值大于最大阈值，则程序100进入步骤110以将阈值设置为等于最大阈值。因此，阈值的最高值被限制为最大阈值。然后，程序100在步骤112处结束。因此，当手指与一个或多个开关交互的同时检测到表明与开关传感器交互的手指具有高灵敏度(诸如在手指未戴手套时所发生的)的高Δ传感器计数信号时，程序100自动调高阈值以降低灵敏度。灵敏度的改变在接近开关组件使用期间自动发生。
参照图12，程序200示出用于调低接近开关组件的阈值以增加开关的灵敏度。程序200开始于步骤202，然后进行至决策步骤204以确定PEAK_CHANNEL是否小于阈值，如果为是，则在步骤206处将阈值设置为等于PEAK_CHANNEL减去THRESHOLD_DELTA_DOWN(ΔDOWN)。DELTA_DOWN(ΔDOWN)作为滞后以防止接近开关组件重复进入/离开无手套模式。在该模式下，当在足够时间段内检测到低于当前阈值的稳定且干净的信号时会检测到手套。当这种情况发生时，通过使PEAK_CHANNEL信号减去ΔDOWN来降低阈值。程序200还要进行至决策步骤208以确定阈值是否低于最小阈值，如果为是，则进行至步骤210以将阈值设置为等于最小阈值。因此，阈值不能被调整到低于最小阈值。然后，程序200在步骤212处结束。因此，接近开关组件和方法在低灵敏度手指(如戴手套的手指)与其中一个开关交互时通过在足够长时间段内检测到稳定信号来进行检测，并通过降低阈值增加灵敏度的方式自动调整灵敏度，从而允许戴手套的手指使用该接近开关组件。
开关的启动可通过检测已启动开关何时被用户按钮释放来确定。通过比较来确定测得的启动峰值信号比当前阈值大多少或小多少。如果差值大于提供滞后的THRESHOLD_DELTA_UP，则将阈值增加ΔUP值。另一方面，当检测到低于当前阈值的长期稳定且干净的信号时，进行检测以确定测量的启动峰值比当前阈值低多少。使当前阈值降低上述差值与额外的ΔDOWN之和，从而减小训练频率。换句话说，当检测到手套时，阈值被降低为足够使得戴手套的同一手指按压的任何其它按钮可以被触发。当检测到手指的按压生成大于当前阈值的值时，可以合理地假设为手套已脱掉，或者在戴有多层手套的情况下脱掉了一层，阈值因此自动增加以允许继续使用接近开关。参数ΔDOWN用于在底部制造足够空间，以便只需要一个或至多两个开关按钮按压来得到和适应特定手套。参数阈值+ΔUP用于防止强度略微不同的按钮按压触发手套模式开启或关闭。
根据一个实施例，手套开启模式可使用单按钮手套交互获知方法来执行，或者根据第二实施例，可使用双按钮手套交互获知方法来执行。根据第一实施例，单按钮手套交互获知方法300在图13中示出，双按钮手套交互方法400在图14中示出。当车辆启动时，接近开关组件默认设置为无手套模式。如果乘客(用户)戴有手套并试图使用一个或多个接近开关，则第一次触摸或交互会需要较长启动时间以允许对由手套导致的减小信号进行检测，以自动调整灵敏度来允许在手套模式下使用。一旦用户脱掉手套并通过一个或多个裸露的手指与一个或多个接近开关交互，则会检测到较高强度值，然后接近开关组件自动再调整至无手套模式。
参照图13，单按钮手套交互获知方法300开始于步骤302，然后进行至决策步骤304以确定与开关关联的信号通道是否大于最小阈值以及该信号是否在足够长的时间段(如1秒)内稳定。如果信号通道超过最小阈值并且该信号在足够长的时间段内稳定，则方法300进行至决策步骤306以确定信号通道是否小于最大阈值，如果为是，则进行至决策步骤308以根据单通道标记确定该信号通道是否干净。如果在决策步骤304、306和308中的条件均为是，则方法300进行至步骤310以调低阈值，然后在步骤314处结束之前进行至步骤312以将SWITCH_ACTIVE设置为等于当前通道的iCHANNEL。调低阈值的步骤可依照图11所示程序100进行调整。
参照图14，双按钮手套交互获知方法400开始于步骤402。通过该方法，当戴手套的用户希望戴着手套操控接近开关组件时，用户需要通过轻按两个特定的相邻开关(按钮)持续足够的时间间隔(如0.5至1秒)来主动选择手套模式。可以将两个指定开关贴上标签以告知用户这两个为灵敏度控制按钮。在决策步骤404中，方法400检测信号通道是否大于最小阈值以及该信号是否在足够长的时间段内保持稳定，如果为是，则进行至决策步骤405以确定信号通道是否小于最大阈值。如果满足步骤404和406中设定的条件，则方法400进行至决策步骤406以通过处理与两个按钮关联的两个信号通道标记来确定两按钮是否被按压。如果要求同时按压两按钮，则方法400在步骤410处结束之前进行至步骤408以调低阈值。阈值可依照图12所示程序200来调低。根据该方法，可以为用户提供进入手套模式的确认，诸如触觉反馈、声音提示或顶灯闪烁来告知用户设定了手套模式。此后，在获知手套存在的情况下，调整灵敏度参数。当用户将手套从手指上脱掉并再次触碰一个或多个开关时，接近开关组件检测到高强度值并自动将灵敏度再调整至无手套模式。
图15示出了处理开关释放方法500，其开始于步骤502然后进行至决策步骤504以确定阈值是否小于最大阈值。如果阈值小于最大阈值，则方法500进行至步骤506以调高阈值。此后，在于步骤510处结束程序之前，在步骤508处将SWITCH_STATUS设置为等于SWITCH_NONE，其表明无开关的启动。
因此，接近开关布置能够有利地为用户提供对配置在车辆10上的接近开关22的灵敏度调整。通过获知灵敏度并利用所获知的灵敏度调整接近开关组件22的灵敏度，可实现检测启动手指的灵敏度的强化来适应戴手套的用户。此外，灵敏度的改变能适应用户启动过程中的其它变化，如手指长度差异、使手指更加远离传感器的指甲长度差异以及用户使用的特定敲击动作技巧。
应当理解，在不背离本发明内容的情况下，可以对上述结构进行变化和修改，并且可以进一步理解，除非另外指定，否则这些内容被权利要求所覆盖。
Claims (19)
1.一种具有灵敏度控制的接近开关，包括：
接近传感器，提供感测启动场并生成信号；以及
控制电路，基于所述信号与阈值的比较来检测所述接近开关的启动并调整所述阈值来控制灵敏度，其中，当所述信号在最小时间段内小于所述阈值时降低所述阈值，以及当所述信号比所述阈值超出预定值时增加所述阈值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其中，当所述信号在所述最小时间段基本稳定时降低所述阈值。
3.根据权利要求2所述的接近开关，其中，所述最小时间段至少为0.5秒。
4.根据权利要求2所述的接近开关，其中，基本稳定的信号为具有基本恒定幅值的信号。
5.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其中，所述阈值被限制在由最大阈值与最小阈值限定的范围内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其中，所述控制电路还包括在降低所述阈值之前检测两个同时启动的开关。
7.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其中，所述控制电路在启动所述传感器时执行获知程序以根据手套的使用获知所述灵敏度并基于所获知的灵敏度调整所述阈值。
8.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其中，所述接近开关安装在车辆中由所述车辆中的乘客使用。
9.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其中，所述接近开关包括电容传感器。
10.一种具有灵敏度控制的车辆电容开关，包括：
电容传感器，安装在车辆中以提供感测启动场并生成信号；以及
控制电路，基于所述信号与阈值的比较检测接近开关的启动并调整所述阈值来控制灵敏度，其中，当所述信号在最小时间段内基本稳定并小于所述阈值时降低所述阈值，以及当所述信号比所述阈值超出预定值时增加所述阈值。
11.一种感测用户接近的方法，所述方法包括：
利用接近传感器生成感测启动场；
响应于用户交互利用所述接近传感器生成信号；
通过比较所述信号与阈值来检测接近开关的启动；
当检测到所述信号在最小时间段内低于所述阈值时降低所述阈值；以及
当所述信号比所述阈值超出预定值时增加所述阈值。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括在所述最小时间段检测低于所述阈值的基本稳定信号的步骤，其中，当所述基本稳定信号在所述最小时间段低于所述阈值时降低所述阈值。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述最小时间段至少为0.5秒。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述基本稳定信号为具有基本恒定幅值的信号。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述阈值在由最大阈值与最小阈值限定的范围内调整。
16.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括检测两个开关的同时启动并在所述两个开关被同时启动时调低所述阈值的步骤。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述接近传感器安装在车辆中由所述车辆中的乘客使用。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述接近传感器包括电容传感器。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括基于所述比较输出控制信号以控制设备的步骤。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130328616A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| US9337832B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
| CN103475351B (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
| DE102013210309A1 (de) | 2013-12-12 |
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