CN103069290B - 用于测试蓄电池的电子电池测试器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
电子电池测试器(16)包括测试电路,所述测试电路配置为耦合至电池(10),并且测量所述电池(10)的参数。手动输入端(26)配置为从操作者接收输入。用户输出端(22)向所述操作者提供输出。存储器(60)包含程序代码,所述程序代码包括用于输出电池测试过程指令以便所述操作者实施的代码。微处理器(56)根据所述程序代码进行操作,从而指示所述操作者执行所述电池测试过程。所述微处理器(56)还基于所测量的参数执行电池测试。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电子电池测试器。更具体地,本发明涉及一种采用一系列步骤的一种电池测试器。
背景技术
电子电池测试器在现有技术中是已知的。已经使用了各种类型的电子电池测试,例如负载测试,其中向电池施加负载,并且监测所得到的电池的电性质的变化。另一种类型的电子电池测试测量电池的动态参数,例如动态电导。
在常备或备用应用中使用蓄电池,其中将许多较大的电池用作电源。示例包括UPS系统、电源系统的备份、蜂窝电话站点、变电站等。蓄电池的其他用途包括在电动车(包括通过内燃机驱动的车)中使用的蓄电池、包括由较大的电池组驱动的电动车和内燃机两者在内的混合动力车以及纯电动车。需要对于这些电池周期性地执行维护,包括测试这些电池、识别坏电池或故障电池以及替换这些电池。然而,这些电池的精确测试要求统一的测试标准和操作者统一的维护行为。这可能是困难的,因为使用电池的位置可能遍布广大的区域,不同区域可能使用许多不同类型的电池,并且不同操作者可能使用不同的测试或维护技术。
发明内容
电子电池测试器包括测试电路,所述测试电路配置为耦合至电池,并且测量所述电池的参数。手动输入端配置为从操作者接收输入。用户输出端向操作者提供输出。存储器包含程序代码,所述程序代码包括用于输出电池测试过程指令以便操作者实施的代码。微处理器根据所述程序代码操作,以指示所述操作者执行蓄电池测试过程。所述微处理器还基于所测量的参数执行电池测试。
附图说明
图1是电子电池测试器的简化方框图。
图2是说明了根据本发明的一个实施例的步骤的流程图示例。
图3是示出了用于测试电池的多个指令集的表。
图4是示出了与远程位置通信的电池测试器的简化方框图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于测试蓄电池的电子电池测试器,所述电子电池测试器能够向操作者提供指令。所述指令指示操作者执行特定的步骤进行电池测试。这允许按照已知或一致的方式执行电池测试,从而测试结果不会受到不正确的测试实施或者电池测试器操作的影响。在一些实施例中,也提供了手动输入端,从而操作者可以与电池测试器交互,并且提供对通过显示器提示或向操作者输出的指令或其他信息的响应。另外,操作者指令是根据在设备的存储器中存储的程序代码。可以基于正在测试的电池来改变提供给操作者的具体指令。例如,用作蜂窝电话塔位置处的备份电源的电池可以与在中央电话局处使用的电池要求不同的测试过程。另外,一些组织可以开发私有的或者替代的电池测试,当测试他们的电池时他们可以实施所述电池测试。将程序指令存储在电池测试器的存储器中。在一种配置中,多于一个程序代码集被存储在电池测试器存储器中,并且包含不同的操作者指令。当配置电池测试器时选择具体的程序代码集。这种配置可以在集中的位置远程地进行,只通过特定的技师、通过当前操作者等或者通过其他手段进行。在另一种配置中,将程序代码存储在电池测试器中,并且基于如何操作电池测试器来访问所述程序代码。例如,只在蜂窝电话位置中使用的电池测试器可以包含操作者指令的固定集合。在另一个示例中,如果测试过程改变,可以更新操作者指令。
用于测试蓄电池的电子电池测试器包括配置为耦合至蓄电池的电连接器。电池测试电路配置为通过电连接器形成对蓄电池的电池测试。显示器配置为向操作者显示信息。用户输入端配置为从操作者接收输入。微处理器耦合至电池测试电路,显示器和用户输入端配置为在显示器上显示提示,所述提示指示操作者执行蓄电池的视觉检查。微处理器还通过显示器向操作者提供提示,请求操作者识别蓄电池的参考值,并且通过用户输入端从操作者接收输入,从而操作者选择多种技术之一来建立参考值。微处理器指示操作者将电连接器与蓄电池相连,并且通过电连接器执行对蓄电池的电池测试。微处理器根据在存储器中存储的程序代码来提供这些指令。
图1是根据本发明一个示例实施例的电子电池测试器16的简化方框图。模块16示出为耦合至电池10。模块16根据本发明的一个实施例操作,并且确定电池10的电导(GBAT)以及端子12和14之间的电压电势(VBAT)。模块16包括电流源50、差分放大器52、模数转换器54和微处理器56。放大器52通过电容器C1和C2电容性地耦合至电池10。放大器52具有与模数转换器54的输入端相连的输出端。微处理器56与系统时钟58、存储器60、视觉输出62和模数转换器54相连。微处理器56也能够从输入设备26接收输入。另外,提供了输入/输出(I/O)端口67。
在操作中,电流源50被微处理器56控制,并且沿由图1中的箭头所示的方向提供电流。在一个实施例中,所述电流是方波、正弦波、脉冲或具有时变分量或脉冲的其他信号。差分放大器52分别通过电容器C1和C2与电池10的端子22和24相连,并且提供与端子12和14之间的电压电势差相关的输出。在优选实施例中,放大器52具有高输入阻抗。电路16包括差分放大器70,所述差分放大器具有分别与端子24和22相连的反相输入端和非反相输入端。放大器70连接在端子12和14之间,用于测量电池10的开路电路电势电压(VBAT)。将放大器70的输出提供给模数转换器54,使得可以通过微处理器56测量端子12和14两端的电压。
模块16通过已知为开尔文连接(Kelvinconnection)的四点连接技术与电池10相连。这种开尔文连接允许通过第一对端子将电流I注入到电池10、同时通过第二对连接测量端子12和14之间的电压。因为极小的电流流过放大器52,放大器52输入端上的电压降实质上等于电池10的端子12和14之间的电压降。将差分放大器52的输出转换为数字格式,并且提供给微处理器56。微处理器56在由系统时钟58确定的频率下并且根据在存储器60中存储的程序指令操作。微处理器56通过使用电流源50施加电流脉冲I来确定电池10的动态电导。微处理器使用放大器52和模数转换器54确定由于电流脉冲I导致的电池电压变化。由电流源50产生的电流I的值是已知的,并且被存储在存储器60中。在一个实施例中,通过向电池10施加负载获得电流I。微处理器56使用以下等式计算电池10的动态电导:
等式1
其中ΔI是由于电流源50导致的流过电池10的电流中的变化,而ΔV是由于所施加的电流ΔI导致的电池电压中的变化。温度传感器62可以热耦合至电池10,并且用于补偿电池测量。可以将温度读数存储在存储器60中用于以后检索。
在本发明的一个实施例中,测试模块16包括电流传感器63,所述电流传感器63测量电池10的充电/放电电流。电池电流测量被微处理器56用于相对精确地确定电池10的充电状态和健康状态。电流源50可以包括有源源和诸如电阻器之类的无源源。在一种配置中,源50可以操作为大负载,从而向电池10施加负载测试。在这种负载测试中,在施加大电阻性负载的同时监测电池两端的电压和/或通过电池的电流。
本发明提供了一种电池测试器16,所述电池测试器16具有指示操作者结合执行电池测试来执行一系列步骤的能力。这可以用于确保操作者根据所需或者所识别的测试过程来执行电池测试。微处理器响应于来自操作者的输入、使用传感器基于时间来监测参数或者一些其他触发事件来进行这些步骤。例如,如果所述步骤之一是指示操作者将电池测试器与电池相连,如果在电池测试器的连接器处感测到电压,从而表示已经将电池测试器与电池相连,微处理器可以进行到下一个步骤。另外,可以通过电池测试器实现根据多于一个测试过程的步骤。这可以通过检索根据来自电池测试器的存储器的另一个电池测试过程的步骤、或者通过更新或改变在电池测试器的存储器中存储的步骤来实现。可以基于正在测试的电池的类型、正在测试的电池的位置、专用或私有电池测试、执行测试的时间等等来访问不同的测试过程步骤。
可以按照需要选择在电池测试中实现的具体步骤和提供给操作者的指令。例如,为了建立用于测试/分析和维护备用电池系统的清楚定义的步骤过程,并且在完成电池测试或维护访问期间使用所述过程来控制与电子测试设备的用户交互,示例测试过程和步骤包括:
a.建立定义的步骤过程,用于对包括备用电池系统在内的电池系统进行测试/分析和维护。该过程可以通过特定的用户/客户或者电池类型来定制,并且具有不同级别的深度。
b.开发关键步骤,并且从电子电池测试设备的接口将这些步骤变换为受控和内含的用户提示。这些步骤可以包括:
i.预测试/站点访问设置
ii.个人保护设备警报
iii.现场数据输入
iV.测试数据收集
v.数据收集后回顾
vi.数据提交/传输
c.用于限制所述过程的变化的装置,包括电池组、电池参数、电池配置、站点配置/设备等的限定和受限选择。
d.所述过程以及电子设备和收集并传输的数据与基于PC或网络/网站的软件工具的完全集成,用于完全的可视性以及远程用户对维护过程的控制。
e.通过使用这种集成系统来合并自动服务分配、报告、警报通知、调度和计价。示例包括:
警告:为了避免测试电瓶时的电击,遵循贵公司的安全实践和这些指导原则:
·佩戴安全眼镜或面罩
·穿戴保护性橡胶手套
·穿戴保护性围裙或工服
·只执行你受训过的服务工作
·在测试期间未经授权不要将电池缆线从供电系统断开
·不要让你自己接触电路
·避免同时接触电瓶和可能接地的框架或硬件
·不要操作附接有电池充电器(AC适配器)的电导测试器
对于操作者重要的是在测试电池时遵循正确的程序,并且一致地进行测试,以便有效地分析电池系统。建议以下内容:电池测试器可以包括向操作者提供指令。
在测试之前,视觉地检查电池的任何异常,例如破裂的外壳、接线柱(post)凸出或电解液泄露。具有这些情况中任一种的电池都不应该被测试并且应该被替换。此外,应当检验电池连接扭矩级别。连接硬件的扭矩应当遵循制造商的规范。
注意和记录电瓶(电池)的额定电压。
利用温度传感器测量电池串(string)中电池的表面温度。温度应该在环境温度的几度范围之内,并且单独的电瓶应该总是保持这几度内的类似温度。这一范围(热点)之外的任意电池或电池串可能有危险,并且不应该进行测试。
确定参考值:参考值可以是来自条件和使用年限类似的坚固电瓶的样品的平均电导值。通常,对30个新的或者健康的电池的样品进行测试,以获得代表了安装之后90天的新的在线电池的值。操作者可以将参考值与来自电池串的测试结果进行比较。测试结果和参考值之间的差异有助于你确定电池串对负载提供足够电导的能力。差异可以反映如何处理、安装或维护电池串。
确定参考值的选项:如果对于正在测试的电池串需要特定的参考值,操作者可以产生参考值。列举了以下选项以便获得在所述值的精度方面的参考值。
a.查阅公司文件来获得针对正在测试的电池串而创建的参考值
b.测试电瓶的样品以确定参考值。
c.测试电池串中的电瓶,并且使用最高电导值作为参考值。
d.在测试电池串之后使用平均电导。
e.基于具有最高电导值的电池串上的选定百分比的电瓶来确定参考值。
所述参考值可以是测试器的内部数据库中针对正在测试的电池型号的参考值。
开始测试:为了测试电池串,将夹具或探针线附着到电池串中的第一电瓶。
指导原则:
·不要将夹具或探针放置到不锈钢硬件上,例如螺栓头、垫圈或螺纹柱。不锈钢硬件可能产生低电导值。
·电瓶可能在端子和连接上具有油脂以防止腐蚀。在附着夹具或者连接探针之前不需要去除所述油脂。
·在相同的位置或部位测试每一个电瓶。改变测试(接触)点的位置可能改变测试结果。
将缆线附着至电瓶接线柱:
1.将黑色夹具或探针尖端附着至黑色(-)端子。
2.将红色夹具或探针尖端附着至红色(+)端子。
将缆线附着至母线(strap);
从红色(+)端子去除红色夹具或探针。
将红色夹具或探针附着至下一个电瓶上的黑色(-)端子上方的母线末端处。
广泛地使用便携电池测试设备,所述便携电池测试设备利用动态电导电路来分析电池的健康状态。这种设备提供了定量结果,必须将所述定量结果“翻译”成现场技师和网络操作管理者的可操作决定。以下规则是用于评估电池串的健康状态的示例。
1.要求即刻的电池替换的通用条件:
·显示0电导(以西门子或MHO为单位)的任意电池
·显示0电压的任意电池
·具有物理缺陷的任意电池,例如破裂或凸出的壳体、接线柱或出口
·当前或之前已经泄露电解液的任意电池
·在浮动充电的情况下已经损失了50%或以上的额定电导的任意电池
如果存在上述条件的任一种,则在因商用电中断而需要使用电池串时,整个电池串极有可能无法使用(并丢失站点负载)。
2.应当被强烈视为即刻替换的指示的其他情况:
·针对特定站点2中的特定电池所建立的额定电导,已经损失额定电导的40%或以上的电池
·正在浮动充电的电池表现出电压读数的变化大于针对浮动电压的制造商规范的5%。
·如果存在这些条件中的任一个,如果在电池串中电池的一个或两个中存在所述条件,则当需要使用所述电池串时,所述电池串可以工作,因为该电池串中的其他已知好电池将补偿故障电池。然而,这将影响所有电池的长期寿命,并且可能导致过早老化;
·应当强烈考虑近期安排替换的条件:
针对特定站点中的特定电池所建立的额定电导,已经损失额定电导的大于25%但是小于35%的电池。
图2是简化的方框图流程图100,示出了根据本发明一个实施例的示例步骤。流程图100的方框图中所示的各种步骤可以通过微处理器56根据在图1所示的存储器60中存储的指令来实现。方框图100开始于起始块102。在块104,电池测试电路可以可选地执行初始测试。例如,电池测试电路可以配置为获得地理信息,例如使用包括GPS设备在内的任意技术的输入或手动输入,测量环境温度,测量与电池10的连接处的电压以确定测试器16的设备是否与电池10等相连,等等。在块106,微处理器56从存储器60检索操作者指令。如上所述,这些指令可以从远程位置接收,并且被存储在存储器60中。类似地,可以将多个不同的指令集存储在存储器60中,并且基于具体的电池测试体制进行访问。例如,不同的电池可以使用不同的测试过程、不同的位置,或者应用程序可以实现不同的测试过程,不同的公司可以实现私有测试过程等。响应于检索到的指令,在块108提供对于操作者的输出。例如,这种输出可以是通过输出端22,例如所述输出端包括显示器、音频输出等。在块110,可选地接收来自操作者输入端的结果。例如,这可以是通过图1所示的输入端26,所述输入端可以包括按钮、键盘、键区、扫描设备等。在块112,微处理器156执行对电池10的测试。示例测试包括静态参数(例如电压或电流)的测量、动态参数(例如动态电导、动态电阻、动态阻抗、动态导纳等)的测量,通过向电池10施加负载来执行负载测试、获得温度信息、监测噪声信号等。在块114,微处理器56检查以了解是否应该实现附加的指令。如果存在附加的指令,将控制转到块106,并且重复过程。替代地,在块116,微处理器56配置为基于执行的任意测试的结果或者从操作者接收的指令信息来提供输出。典型地,输出取决于测试结果和从操作者接收的具体指令两者。在块118,程序终止。
图3是示出了指令200的表的说明,可以将所述指令存储在图1所示的存储器60中。指令200的表说明了三种不同的指令集202、204和206,每一个指令集均根据不同的测试过程。每一个指令集202、204和206包括操作者指令(A)以及测量项目、测试过程和测试标准(B)。根据图2的流程图实现这些指令和程序。另外,在一个实施例中,存储器56只包括单个测试过程。在另一个实施例中,如图3所示,在存储器60中包含多个测试过程。在一些配置中,例如,可以使用图1所示的输入/输出67来更新指令集。最初,微处理器56必须接收输入,允许其选择适当的指令集。所述输入可以来自于操作者或者一些其他来源,例如日期时间、位置、月或年的时间、温度、从远程位置接收的指令等等。
在一种配置中,I/O电路67包括配置为与远程位置通信的电路。这可以通过包括网络连接在内的有线和无线连接实现。另外,存储器60可以包含易失性存储器、可以重写或不可以重写的非易失性存储器或者其任意组合。
图4是示出了包括与远程位置150通信的存储器60在内的电子电池测试器16的简化方框图。在图4所示的配置中,远程位置150包括操作者指令152以及测量项目、测试过程和标准154。将该信息通过通信链路156传送至测试器16。可以将操作者指令152与测量项目、测试过程和标准154一起作为如上所述的程序代码存储在存储器60中。在另一种示例配置中,当执行电池测试时,只将指令152和标准154提供给测试器16。在这种配置中,当从远程位置150接收指令时,电池测试器16操作。在另一个示例实施例中,将指令152和标准154以按需调用(“on-demand”)方式存储在存储器中,其中当以特定方式或者对于特定的电池使用电池测试器时,在通信链路156上提供指令152和标准154。这些配置允许按照要求动态地更新或修改测试指令。例如,通信链路156可以包括无线或有线通信链路或者二者的组合。可以经由计算机网络、蜂窝网络、因特网或者用于传输信息的其他介质进行通信。通信链路156可以是单向或双向的。
尽管已经参考优选实施例描述了本发明,但本领域普通技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对这些实施例进行形式和细节上的改变。
Claims (8)
1.一种测试蓄电池的方法,包括:
提供具有微处理器的电子电池测试器;
从存储器获得电池测试过程指令;
使用所述电子电池测试器的输出端向操作者提供电池测试过程指令,所述电池测试过程指令指示所述操作者对电池执行对应的测试过程,并且所述电池测试过程指令存储在存储器中;
使用微处理器,基于正在测试的电池来选择所述对应的测试过程;以及
根据与正在测试的电池相关的一个或多个测试步骤预先输入,并基于测试参数和电池测试过程指令,利用电子电池测试器执行电池测试,所述一个或多个测试步骤预先输入是微处理器响应于提供给操作者的对应的测试过程而接收的,
其中,提供给操作者的电池测试过程指令基于正在测试的电池而改变,并且
其中,所述一个或多个测试步骤预先输入中的至少一个与测试参数和电池测试过程指令不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述存储器包括多个电池测试过程指令。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括提供通信链路,所述通信链路配置为与远程位置通信。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述远程位置包括所述电池测试过程指令。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述电池测试过程指令包括操作者指令和测量项目、测试过程和标准。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述测试过程指令包括指示所述操作者执行所述电池的视觉检查。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述测试过程指令包括指示所述操作者测试所述电池的电连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述一个或多个测试步骤预先输入中的至少一个允许用于选择所述对应的测试过程。
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US9201120B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
KR20130073933A (ko) | 2013-07-03 |
CN103069290A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
US20120041697A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
WO2012021672A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
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