CN103046231A - Melt spinning non-woven material and production method and application thereof - Google Patents
Melt spinning non-woven material and production method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A melt spinning non-woven material is characterized in that the weight of the non-woven material weights 35 to 500 g/m<2> and being obtained by a polymer slice being directly melting to spin and the spine being weaved into webs. The melt spinning non-woven material consists of superfine fibers and crude fibers, the crude fibers are used as a framework and the superfine fibers are filled into the framework to form a fiber web to form a thickness matching structure. The fiber web has one layer or more, and when the layer number of the fiber web is more than one, a thickness increasing or gradient structure is formed through a multilayer structure. By means of the optimization of raw materials and process, the melt spinning non-woven material and a production method and an application of the melt spinning non-woven material can control a fiber web structure of the melt spinning non woven material: the distribution of fiber finenesses is controlled in a reasonable range, the fiber web has a large amount of superfine fibers and a certain amount of crude fibers; the crude fibers being used as a framework and the superfine fibers being filled into the framework improve the fluffiness of the material, and the material can still maintain some recovery capability when in use; and the fiber web forms a structure with some gradients.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material, relate in particular to described melt-spun nonwoven material and production method thereof, and use.
Background technology
The fluff type nonwoven material has larger inner space because its fibre web is three-dimensional net structure, and resilience is good after the fibre web pressurized, has comparatively widely in fields such as holding dirt, filtration, warming, sound absorption, oil suction, health and uses.According to the difference of production technology, the fluff type nonwoven material mainly contains following several method at present:
1, adopt general fibre to mix with meldable fibre, through shredding, combing, mechanical lapping (mainly referring to parallel lapping, cross lapping) or air lay and through the mode of hot blast reinforcing, acquisition hot air type loft nonwoven material.
2, adopt the fiber with odd-shaped cross section, through shredding, combing, mechanical lapping (mainly referring to parallel lapping, cross lapping) or air lay, through the mode of acupuncture or the reinforcing of water thorn, obtain acupuncture or water thorn fluff type nonwoven material.
3, adopt vertical lapping technique, make in the fibre web most of fiber and cloth cover in vertical direction, thereby improve the fluffy performance of nonwoven material.
4, form the method for fiber napping structure, refer to the polishing nonwoven material surface of physics or transplant fiber napping structure, thereby improve the fluffy performance of nonwoven material.
But there is following problem in the fluff type nonwoven material at present:
Adopt mechanical lapping (mainly referring to parallel lapping, cross lapping, vertical lapping) although can obtain to have the fibre web of gradient-structure, but such fibre web not only fabric integer is thicker, and the lamination of different fineness fiber causes being difficult to realize the even collocation of thickness fiber in the carding process; Although the fibre web that adopts air lay to obtain can be realized the even collocation of different fineness fiber, the fineness of fiber is difficult to further reduction.Under certain surface density, pore structure, the specific area of such fibre web are limited, have caused such fluff type nonwoven material to be subject to the restriction of performance when use in fields such as holding dirt, filtration, warming, sound absorption, oil suction, health.
Melt-blown material in the melt-spun nonwoven material is compared with above-mentioned fluff type nonwoven material and is contained a large amount of superfine fibres, the fibre web specific area is large, porosity is high, filter, there is more excellent performance in the field such as warming, sound absorption, but has also brought obvious use limitation simultaneously, because fibre diameter is too thin, inevitable rigidity is not enough, so that the fluffy poor performance of material, after the process pressurized, the recoverability of material is very poor, can reduce its performance in carrying or in further processing simultaneously.
Therefore, because the defective on the present commercial fluff type nonwoven structure, limited it in the further application of holding the fields such as dirt, filtration, warming, sound absorption, oil suction, health.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of a large amount of superfine fibre that both had for the deficiency that solves above-mentioned technology, contain again a certain amount of crude fibre, fluffy performance is good, in the middle of use procedure, still can maintain certain recovery capacity, fibre web has melt-spun nonwoven material and the production method thereof of certain gradient-structure, and uses.
In order to achieve the above object, the melt-spun nonwoven material that the present invention is designed, it is characterized by grammes per square metre is 35-500g/ ㎡, become net to obtain by the direct melt spinning of polymer chips, this melt-spun nonwoven material is comprised of superfine fibre and crude fibre, crude fibre is as skeleton, and fine fibre is filled in and forms fibre web in the skeleton structure, forms the structure of thickness collocation.The number of plies of fibre web is one or more layers, when the fibre web number of plies is that one deck forms thickness by sandwich construction when above and increases or gradient-structure.The melt-spun nonwoven material is that 95-99.99% is that polymer and content are that the additive of 5%-0.01% is prepared from by content, and distributes by the kind of control polymer, additive and the fineness that the preparation method controls fiber in the fibre web.Wherein said polymer is selected from the blend of one or more polymer in the following polymer: polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene, PLA, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyurethanes; The melt index of polymer is 35-2000g/(10min) in one or more.Additive is selected from one or more in the following material: the mineral-type such as talcum powder, calcium oxide, carboxylic metallic salt, phosphate metal salt, dibenzyl sorbierite and derivative thereof, polyvinyl cyclohexane, vinyl-acrylate copolymer, beta nucleater, transparent type nucleator.
The above-mentioned melt-spun nonwoven material preparation method of the present invention's design is characterized in that described preparation method pushes polymer chips through melt-spun equipment, melting, and spinning, drawing-off, cooling curing becomes net; The processing temperature of wherein controlling polymer is 30-350 ℃, control drawing-off hot-air flow velocity is 100-800m/s, the drawing-off hot air temperature is 100-400 ℃, and control air cleft size is 0.1-10mm, and control DCD is 20-150cm, wherein the DCD finger is received distance, die head spinneret orifice exit is to the vertical range that receives lace curtaining or cylinder, and control cooling-air flow velocity is 0.4-30m/s, and cooling air temperature is 1-30 ℃, select oppositely or the side direction blowing mixes, then negative pressure or electrostatic collection mode into the net.
In order to make the multilayer fibre net structure, select two or more melt-spun equipment, perhaps, contain the melt-spun equipment of two or more die head assemblies, preparation has the multilayer fibre web of gradient-structure.
A kind of high fluff type nonwoven material that is made by above-mentioned melt-spun nonwoven material, this high fluff type nonwoven material is by upper protective layer, high loft layer, lower protective layer, and trilaminate material is composited; Wherein said high loft layer is aforesaid melt-spun nonwoven material.Described upper and lower protective layer be selected from following one or more: dry-laying nonwoven material, wet-laying nonwoven material, extruded polymer become the net nonwoven material.Described complex method is selected from following mode: the water thorn, and acupuncture, chemical adhesion, heat bonding, ultrasonic wave is bonding.
Also can carry out rear arrangement to the resulting high fluff type nonwoven material of the present invention simultaneously and process, described rear arrangement process be selected from following one or more: water and oil repellent finish, hydrophilic finiss, antistatic finish, flame-proof treatment, chemical softening arrangement, chemical hard finishing, antiultraviolet arrangement, antibiotic finish, Aroma finishing;
Also can carry out electret to high fluff type nonwoven material and process to improve filter capacity, it is in the following methods one or more that described electret is processed: the bump of corona discharge or pulsed high-voltage, water jet or water droplet stream, triboelectric charging or bombard with electrically charged particle when forming high loft layer.
The vacuum cleaner filter bag that the above-mentioned high fluff type nonwoven material of a kind of usefulness is made comprises at least 3 layers, comprises at least strength support layer and floor height particle interception superfine fibre layer and a floor height fluff type non-woven material layer of one deck nonwoven material; Several layer materials can be by reinforcing rear bag or the bag that directly superposes.
In order to improve its filter effect, vacuum cleaner filter bag, from the air intake surface to the outlet air surface, material is followed successively by: high fluff type non-woven material layer, high particle interception superfine fibre layer, strength support layer.Described reinforcing mode is ultrasonic bonding, hot rolling or acupuncture.Described high fluff type material grammes per square metre is: 20-300g/m
2, high particle interception superfine fibre layer is the non-woven electret material of the characteristic of the high interdiction capability of tool, low pressure loss; The strength support layer, it is ventilative greater than 3500L/m
2.s.
The present invention controls the rational fibre fineness distribution of melt-spun nonwoven material by the selection of polymer and preparation method's selection, control the special three-dimensional structure of fibre web by the selection of performance-enhancing additive and preparation method's selection, control the number of plies and the gradient-structure of fibre web by the selection of die head component count.
The present invention is by the optimization of the preferred and technique of raw material, and can control the fibre net structure of melt-spun nonwoven material: fibre fineness distributes and is controlled at a rational scope in the fibre web, has both had a large amount of superfine fibres, contains again a certain amount of crude fibre; Take crude fibre as skeleton structure, fine fibre is filled wherein in the fibre web, to improve the fluffy performance of material, still can maintain certain recovery capacity in the middle of use procedure; Fibre web forms has certain gradient-structure.Simultaneously the present invention also becomes one or more and melt-spun nonwoven material in the nonwoven materials such as net to carry out Compound Machining by introducing dry-laying, wet-laying, extruded polymer; obtain high fluff type nonwoven material; further protection, enhancing bulkiness, and can optionally carry out functionalization and expand.
The invention also discloses simultaneously by the melt-spun nonwoven material is raw material, and the vacuum cleaner filter bag that finally obtains has that to inhale the ash time long, and crushing rises slowly, the suction power slowly feature that descends.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the concrete technology condition of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 realizes bonding between the layers of material, its concrete technology condition by the ultrasonic wave adhesion technique among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the appearance dirt test result before and after two sample pressurizeds that high fluff type nonwoven material is chosen at random among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is embodiment 2 obtains the high loft layer of high fluff type nonwoven material by the technology controlling and process of melt-spun equipment concrete technology condition table;
To be embodiment 2 realize bonding concrete technology condition table between the layers of material by the ultrasonic wave adhesion technique to Fig. 5;
Fig. 6 is the appearance dirt test result of embodiment 2;
Fig. 7 is the material list that embodiment 3 uses;
Fig. 8 has used embodiment 3 resulting dust collecting sleeves to suck to filter change list.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below by the embodiment combination.
Embodiment 1:
Showed a kind of melt-spun nonwoven material preparation method in this example, and the preparation method of the high fluff type nonwoven material that is obtained by this melt-spun nonwoven material.
1, adopts the unwinding device of a plurality of controlled tension force in this example; And a door width of cloth is the Double-mold-head melt-blowing equipment of 1.6m, and uses the first die head; And the door width of cloth is the ultrasonic wave binding appts of 1.6m; And permanent tension rolling device.
The grammes per square metre of the high fluff type nonwoven material that 2, obtains in this example is 100g/m
2
3, upper protection or the supporting layer of high fluff type nonwoven material in this example, it is 10g/m that lower protection or supporting layer are all selected grammes per square metre
2Viscose non-woven material.
4, the technology controlling and process by melt-spun equipment obtains melt-spun nonwoven material, the following Fig. 1 of its concrete process conditions in the present embodiment.
5, realize bonding between the layers of material, the following Fig. 2 of its concrete technology condition by the ultrasonic wave adhesion technique in this example.
6, high fluff type nonwoven material has good bulkiness in this example, and still keeps higher fluffy performance through material after the pressurized processing, specifically can characterize by the appearance dirt performance test of lower Fig. 3.Fig. 3 is the appearance dirt test result before and after two sample pressurizeds that high fluff type nonwoven material is chosen at random in this example.(holding the dirt test condition in this example is: test dust-325 order talcum powder, test filtering velocity-50cm/s, test area-100cm2.）
Showed a kind of melt-spun nonwoven material preparation method in this example, and the preparation method of the high fluff type nonwoven material that is obtained by this melt-spun nonwoven material.
1, adopts the unwinding device of a plurality of controlled tension force in this example; And a door width of cloth is the Double-mold-head melt-blowing equipment of 1.6m, and uses the first die head and the second die head; And the door width of cloth is the ultrasonic wave binding appts of 1.6m; And permanent tension rolling device.
The grammes per square metre of the high fluff type nonwoven material that 2, obtains in this example is 105g/m
2
3, upper protection or the supporting layer of high fluff type nonwoven material in this example, it is 10g/m that lower protection or supporting layer are all selected grammes per square metre
2Viscose non-woven material.
4, obtain the high loft layer of high fluff type nonwoven material in the present embodiment by the technology controlling and process of melt-spun equipment, the following Fig. 4 of its concrete process conditions.
5, realize bonding between the layers of material, the following Fig. 5 of its concrete technology condition by the ultrasonic wave adhesion technique in this example.
6, high fluff type nonwoven material has good bulkiness in this example, specifically can characterize by the appearance dirt performance test of lower Fig. 6.Fig. 6 is the appearance dirt test result of four samples that high fluff type nonwoven material is chosen at random in this example.(holding the dirt test condition in this example is: test dust-325 order talcum powder, test filtering velocity-50cm/s, test area-100cm
2)
What present embodiment was described is the vacuum cleaner filter bag that is made by high fluff type material, comprises strength support layer and floor height particle interception superfine fibre layer and a floor height fluff type non-woven material layer of one deck nonwoven material; Trilaminate material is by ultrasonic bonding complex superposition bag.Wherein from the air intake surface to the outlet air surface, material is followed successively by: high fluff type non-woven material layer, high particle interception superfine fibre layer, strength support layer.Described material as shown in Figure 7.
By the vacuum cleaner filter bag that above-mentioned technique obtains, resulting suction power changes the signal table as shown in Figure 8: wherein:
(1) 3 sections of bag filters are size of the same race (310mm * 260mm), and edge ironing technology is ultrasonic bonding in the example;
(2) sucking power test in the example is certain foreign brand name machine, the system test that carries out under equal test condition;
(3) this example shows the suction ash in the process of 500g, the suction power variation tendency of 3 sections of combinations of materials.
Claims (16)
1. melt-spun nonwoven material, it is characterized by grammes per square metre is 35-500g/m
2, become net to obtain by the direct melt spinning of polymer chips, the fiber that forms this melt-spun nonwoven material is comprised of superfine fibre and crude fibre, and crude fibre is as skeleton, and fine fibre is filled in and forms fibre web in the skeleton structure, forms the structure of thickness collocation.
2. melt-spun nonwoven material according to claim 1, the number of plies that it is characterized in that fibre web is one or more layers, when the fibre web number of plies is one deck when above, forms thickness by sandwich construction and increases or gradient-structure.
3. melt-spun nonwoven material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described melt-spun nonwoven material is that 95-99.99% is that polymer and content are that the additive of 5%-0.01% is prepared from by content, and distribute by the kind of control polymer, additive and the fineness that the preparation method controls fiber in the fibre web.
4. melt-spun nonwoven material according to claim 2 is characterized in that described polymer is selected from the blend of one or more polymer in the following polymer: polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene, PLA, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyurethanes; The melt index of polymer is or 35-2000g/(10min) in one or more.
5. melt-spun nonwoven material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described additive is selected from one or more in the following material: the mineral-type such as talcum powder, calcium oxide, carboxylic metallic salt, phosphate metal salt, dibenzyl sorbierite and derivative thereof, polyvinyl cyclohexane, vinyl-acrylate copolymer, beta nucleater, transparent type nucleator.
6. a melt-spun nonwoven material preparation method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described preparation method pushes polymer chips through melt-spun equipment, melting, and spinning, drawing-off, cooling curing becomes net; The processing temperature of wherein controlling polymer is 30-350 ℃, control drawing-off hot-air flow velocity is 100-800m/s, the drawing-off hot air temperature is 100-400 ℃, control air cleft size is 0.1-10mm, control DCD is 20-150cm, and control cooling-air flow velocity is 0.4-30m/s, and cooling air temperature is 1-30 ℃, select oppositely or the side direction blowing mixes, then negative pressure or electrostatic collection mode into the net.
7. melt-spun nonwoven material preparation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that selecting two or more melt-spun equipment, perhaps, contains the melt-spun equipment of two or more die head assemblies, and preparation has the multilayer fibre web of gradient-structure.
One kind as claimed in claim 2 the melt-spun nonwoven material make high fluff type nonwoven material; it is characterized in that this high fluff type nonwoven material is comprised of upper protective layer, high loft layer, lower protective layer; layers of material is through being composited, and high loft layer is melt-spun nonwoven material as claimed in claim 2.
9. high fluff type nonwoven material according to claim 8, it is characterized in that described upper and lower protective layer be selected from following one or more: dry-laying nonwoven material, wet-laying nonwoven material, extruded polymer become the net nonwoven material.
10. high fluff type nonwoven material according to claim 8, it is characterized in that high fluff type nonwoven material is carried out rear arrangement to be processed, described rear arrangement process be selected from following one or more: water and oil repellent finish, hydrophilic finiss, antistatic finish, flame-proof treatment, chemical softening arrangement, chemical hard finishing, antiultraviolet arrangement, antibiotic finish, Aroma finishing.
11. high fluff type nonwoven material according to claim 8, it is characterized in that high fluff type nonwoven material is carried out electret processes to improve filter capacity, it is in the following methods one or more that described electret is processed: the bump of corona discharge or pulsed high-voltage, water jet or water droplet stream, triboelectric charging or bombard with electrically charged particle when forming high loft layer.
12. high fluff type nonwoven material according to claim 8 is characterized in that described complex method is selected from following mode: the water thorn, acupuncture, chemical adhesion, heat bonding, ultrasonic wave is bonding.
13. vacuum cleaner filter bag made from high fluff type nonwoven material as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that comprising at least 3 layers, comprise at least strength support layer and floor height particle interception superfine fibre layer and a floor height fluff type non-woven material layer of one deck nonwoven material; Several layer materials are by reinforcing rear bag or the bag that directly superposes.
14. vacuum cleaner filter bag according to claim 13 is characterized in that vacuum cleaner filter bag, from the air intake surface to the outlet air surface, material is followed successively by: high fluff type non-woven material layer, high particle interception superfine fibre layer, strength support layer.
15. vacuum cleaner filter bag according to claim 13 is characterized in that described reinforcing mode is ultrasonic bonding, hot rolling or acupuncture.
16. vacuum cleaner filter bag according to claim 13 is characterized in that described high fluff type material grammes per square metre is: 20-300g/m
2, high particle interception superfine fibre layer is the non-woven electret material of the characteristic of the high interdiction capability of tool, low pressure loss; The strength support layer, it is ventilative greater than 3500L/m
2.s.
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