CN102905349A - Method for enhancing association decision of wireless access points - Google Patents
Method for enhancing association decision of wireless access points Download PDFInfo
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- CN102905349A CN102905349A CN2012103763829A CN201210376382A CN102905349A CN 102905349 A CN102905349 A CN 102905349A CN 2012103763829 A CN2012103763829 A CN 2012103763829A CN 201210376382 A CN201210376382 A CN 201210376382A CN 102905349 A CN102905349 A CN 102905349A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for enhancing association decision of wireless access points. The method comprises the steps as follows: step S1, collecting reference information which influences the association decision of the wireless access points; step S2, carrying out inductive encoding upon the reference information; step S3, assembling reference information codes with beacon frames and then sending assembled information to a terminal, wherein the terminal extracts the reference information from the beacon frames; step S4, selecting the wireless access point according to the reference information, and sending an association request frame; and step S5, verifying and processing information of the received association request frame, and sending results of the verification and processing to the terminal. According to the invention, the method for enhancing association decision of wireless access points has the advantages of high practicability, low cost and easy deployment, and is provided for selection of the wireless access points in a wireless local area network; by using the method, more efficient reference information can be collected; and the information is transferred to each terminal, so that terminal users can make a reasonable selection according to the reference information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wireless network access field, particularly a kind of method that strengthens the WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision.
Background technology
Comprise altogether two kind equipments in the WLAN (WLAN:Wireless Local Area Network), i.e. WAP (wireless access point) (AP:Access Point) and terminal (all types of user equipment is such as notebook, panel computer, smart mobile phone).All terminals must be selected and be associated with on certain AP before online, and all data of transmission are all transmitted by AP.Along with the development of WLAN technology and opening up extensively of application, the quantity of WLAN is at rapid growth, and the scope of covering is also in rapid increase.In the city, be in the same localities and often can find simultaneously a plurality of WAP (wireless access point).Because of the difference of their residing environment, the bandwidth that different WAP (wireless access point) provides is also different, and therefore, for the wireless user, the selection of WAP (wireless access point) is the key that determines its network performance.
In WLAN, the system of selection of WAP (wireless access point) is based on received signal strength (RSSI:Received Signal Strength Indicator), and namely user or terminal will be selected the highest AP of signal strength signal intensity.Signal strength signal intensity is an important indicator of channel quality, but can not reflect the loading condition of WAP (wireless access point).Therefore, the method will cause unbalanced, the user of offered load to experience and the decline of network utilization.About the selection of WAP (wireless access point), more existing relevant researchs, but all bias toward the estimation of WAP (wireless access point) load and the measurement of available bandwidth.The load of evaluating wireless access point mainly is to realize that by the interval of some frame of analyzing the WAP (wireless access point) transmission such as beacon (Beacon) frame, the load of the larger explanation WAP (wireless access point) in interval is heavier.Measure available bandwidth and mainly be by in network, injecting certain sequence of message, and utilize their response time to calculate and.Because the selection of WAP (wireless access point) is initiated by terminal side, so, no matter be the estimation of WAP (wireless access point) load, or the measurement of available bandwidth, also all initiated by terminal side.The former can consume the computational resource of terminal, and latter can take certain network bandwidth, also has simultaneously the regular hour expense, and above method all needs terminal is carried out upgrading.
In addition, RSSI by each end-probing to, for same WAP (wireless access point), different end-probings to RSSI also be different.That is to say that AP does not inform terminal or any information of user, carry out more rational selection to help it.WAP (wireless access point) is in the center of WLAN, is grasping the details such as load, speed, flow of whole WLAN, and we find by a large amount of experiments, and these reference informations all have very large impact to the available bandwidth of WAP (wireless access point).Therefore, with which information, to be delivered to each terminal in which way be two key issues.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that (one) will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is:
In the WLAN, terminal selects the default method of AP to be based on RSSI, and there are a lot of drawbacks in it, if want load or the available bandwidth information of further awareness network, need to estimate and measure, and certain expense will be arranged.Although WAP (wireless access point) is being grasped the details such as the load, speed, flow of whole WLAN, does not inform any information of terminal or user, carries out more rational selection to help it.So there are two technical issues that need to address: how to gather and gather which information, how these information are delivered to each terminal.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method, it is characterized in that the method comprising the steps of:
S1 gathers the reference information that affects the WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision;
S2 concludes coding to reference information;
S3 sends to terminal with reference to information coding and beacon frame assembling, and described terminal is extracted reference information from described beacon frame;
S4 selects WAP (wireless access point) according to described reference information, sends association request frame;
S5 verifies the association request frame information that receives and processes, and the result that will verify and process sends to terminal.
Described step S3 also comprises step:
S3 ' sends to terminal with reference to information coding and probing response frame assembling, and described terminal is extracted reference information from described probing response frame.
Described method also comprises step:
When S6 changed WAP (wireless access point) in terminal, the again association request frame information that terminal is sent was verified and is processed, and the result that will verify and process sends to terminal.
Described method also comprises step:
The S7 terminal is extracted and is analyzed the reference information coding after receiving the beacon frame that contains reference information coding and probing response frame, by analyzing WAP (wireless access point) is selected automatically or is switched, or selected or switched by the user.
Described reference information comprises at least a in active terminals number, rate information, load, flow distribution information, rate variation information, queue length, the uplink signal-channel quality information.
The reference information that described collection affects the WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision comprises step for active terminals number and rate information:
Whether S11 sends according to terminal or receive data calculates the active terminals number, according to the average minimum-rate of rate calculations of each Frame of each terminal sending and receiving;
S12 sets the unit interval window, calculates sliding time window according to current active terminals number, if the active terminals number is 0, then replaces with default value;
S13 takes turns as one take a sliding time window duration, calculates this active terminals number in taking turns and the average transmission rate of each terminal, active terminals number and minimum average B configuration transmission rate in the record epicycle;
If the wheel number that S14 finishes has reached prior limitation, then active terminals number and minimum average B configuration transmission rate are carried out the moving average processing, namely whenever finish the predetermined wheel number and do moving average one time, with the average active terminals number of gained and average minimum-rate as being delivered to terminal with reference to value.
S15 carries out from step S12 circulation.
The character string that is assembled into reference to information coding of described reference information coding and beacon frame or probing response frame is appended in the ssid field of beacon frame or probing response frame, the reference information coded string is isolated by separator with initial SSID, thereby forms a new SSID.
Described related solicited message or checking and the processing method of related solicited message are again, from described new SSID, search for separator and extract the initial ssid field of separator front, if the initial ssid field of searching for unsuccessfully or extracting does not conform to local SSID, authentication failed then, otherwise by checking.
(3) beneficial effect
The WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method of a kind of high practicality, low expense, easy deployment is provided for the selection of WAP (wireless access point) among the WLAN, the method can gather how more effective reference information, and these information are delivered to each terminal, the terminal use can make rational selection according to the gained reference information, thereby promotes user's performance and the utilance of network.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is reference information collecting flowchart figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is reference information conveying flow figure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is road test scene graph of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the average downloading data amount contrast of experimental result FTP block diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method, the method as shown in Figure 1
1. gather the reference information that affects the WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision: when AP receives or send data, gather frame number and the transmission rate of each terminal, and carry out statistical disposition.
2. reference information is concluded coding: the capable abstract and coding of reference information to the user is concerned about, can with printable, an intelligible string representation, leave this character string in certain shared variable, such as AP_Metric in.
3. send to terminal with reference to the assembling of information coding and beacon frame: periodically during broadcast beacon frame, the character string that will leave among the AP_Metric by specified format is appended in the ssid field of beacon frame at AP.
4. send to terminal with reference to information coding and probing response frame assembling: receive the probe request of self terminal at AP after, when sending probing response frame, the character string that will leave among the AP_Metric by specified format is appended in the ssid field of probing response frame.
5. the related solicited message that receives is verified and processed: receive the related request of terminal at AP after, in original handling process, increase the SSID authentication function, if the prefix of SSID is consistent with local SSID in the related request, then verifies and pass through, otherwise do not pass through.
6. the again related solicited message that receives is verified and processed: receive the again related request of terminal at AP after, in original handling process, increase the SSID authentication function, if the prefix of SSID is consistent with local SSID in the related request again, then checking is passed through, otherwise does not pass through.
Terminal is extracted reference information from the ssid field of beacon frame and probing response frame after receiving the beacon frame that contains reference information coding and probing response frame, the reference information of each AP is relatively automatically selected or is switched to the best or the AP that satisfies the demands or selected voluntarily or switched by the user.
The method mainly is divided into two aspects, i.e. the transmission of the collection of reference information and reference information.
1 reference information collection
The index that affects network performance has a lot, comprises active terminals number, rate information, load, flow distribution, rate variation, queue length, uplink signal-channel quality etc.
By large component analysis and experiment, the number of terminals that participates in the competition (being the active terminals number) can not only be reacted the load of AP, and therefore difference that can also the reactive polymeric flow can characterize available bandwidth.For a terminal, the time of its busy channel is depended on size and the transmission rate of the frame that transmits, and we find by experiment, and the size of frame only affects network performance in the very low situation of transmission rate, so transmission rate is the emphasis that we consider.So as two important reference informations, other reference informations can expand when needed with active terminals number and minimum transmission rate for we.Within short time, if certain terminal sends or received data, think that then it enlivens, otherwise think that it is mourned in silence.Gathering affects the reference information of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision for the flow process following (as shown in Figure 2) of active terminals number and rate information:
1: set a less unit interval window (Unit_Wnd), be used for calculating sliding time window.
2: calculate sliding time window (Time_Wnd): Time_Wnd=Active_Stations*Unit_Wnd according to current active terminals number (Active_Stations), if the active terminals number is 0, then replace with default value.
3: set a statistics timer according to sliding time window, with the statistical value zero clearing of all terminals, comprise the frame number (Frames), speed of transmitting-receiving and (SumRate) etc.
4: every transmission or receive a Frame, the Frames of counterpart terminal is added 1, the transmission rate of this frame is increased among the SumRate.
5: when timer expiry, namely finished a statistics of taking turns (sliding time window is long); Calculate the average transmission rate (SumRate/Frames) of this active terminals in taking turns (Frames〉0) number and each terminal.
6: active terminals number and minimum average B configuration transmission rate in the record epicycle.
7: if the wheel number of finishing has reached prior limitation (Round_Bound), then active terminals number and minimum average B configuration transmission rate are carried out the moving average processing, be that every Round_Bound wheel is done moving average one time, with the average activated terminals number of gained and average minimum-rate as being delivered to terminal with reference to value.
8: begin circulation from step (2) and carry out.
Active terminals number and transmission rate all are the information in acute variation, for ease of statistics, we have introduced sliding time window, in a time window, active terminals number and speed are added up, after totaling the several times statistics, carry out moving average one time, the value after the moving average is as reference information again.For adapting to the variation of active terminals number, the size of sliding time window is variable, is directly proportional with the active terminals number.Different terminals, and the transmission rate of the different frame of sending and receiving is different, therefore, in a sliding time window, Mean Speed with all frames of certain terminal sending and receiving represents its real speed, and the minimum value of each active terminals Mean Speed is the minimum speed limit in this window.
2 reference information transmission
In WLAN, the approach that terminal obtains AP information has initiatively and passive dual mode.Under active mode, probe request of terminal broadcasting is received a probing response frame of each AP loopback (as shown in Figure 3) of this request.Under passive mode, terminal receives the beacon frame of AP periodic broadcast.The every configuration information that has comprised corresponding A P in probing response frame and the beacon frame, wherein service set identifier SSID(Service Set IDentifier) be the visible key element of unique user.SSID is a character string that maximum length is 32 bytes, and in actual applications, the length of SSID is no more than 20 bytes, that is, have at least 10 bytes to can be used to transmit specific reference information.The associated reference information that collects is delivered to terminal, and the flow process of this transmission method is as follows:
1: the various reference informations that AP is collected are concluded and are encoded, and are converted to the character string (such as XYZ) of easy to understand and use, and it is stored in (such as AP_Metric) in the variable.
2: when AP periodic broadcasting beacon frame, the reference information character string in (1) is appended in the ssid field, forms a new SSID.The consisting of of new SSID " initial SSID+ separator+reference information character string ", separator is comprised of one or more spcial characters, if initial SSID be " MySSID ", separator is "=〉 ", then newly SSID is " MySSID=〉XYZ ".
3: when AP receives probe request (Probe Request), assembling probing response frame, by the method in (2) the reference information character string in (1) is appended in the ssid field.
4: after terminal receives beacon frame or probing response frame, select automatically or switch according to the reference information that comprises among the SSID, perhaps by normal mode SSID is showed the user, selected by the user again or switch.
5: terminal or user send association request frame (Association Request) when selecting certain AP, send again association request frame (Reassociation Request) when switching to certain AP, and that comprise in the ssid field wherein is new SSID.
6:AP receives the association request frame of terminal or again after the association request frame, search separator and extract the initial SSID of separator front from SSID, if search for unsuccessfully or the initial SSID and the local SSID that extract are not inconsistent, and authentication failed then, otherwise pass through to verify.
For guaranteeing validity and the practicality of reference information, every reference information is answered Real-time Collection and is done smoothing processing, even like this, the metric that finally enrolls among the SSID also is dynamic change, therefore needing the new SSID that transmits and process also is dynamic change, but to same AP, they have common prefix (separator previous section), and consistent with the initial SSID of this AP.
For terminal, after successfully being associated with certain AP, the message of all transmission verifies according to MAC Address that all the dynamic change of SSID can not affect related terminal.For AP, be associated with in the process of AP in terminal, AP will verify that to the association request of terminal if its SSID that provides and this AP are not inconsistent, AP will refuse this request.So, for accepting dynamic SSID, need to adjust related request processing module among the AP.Because the prefix of dynamic SSID is identical with initial SSID, therefore, it is whether effective that AP can be easy to differentiate this request.In like manner, AP also needs by processing with the new related request of upper type counterweight.
The user can directly learn the reference information of each AP from SSID, thereby can make rational selection.If the user does not carry out any operation, then terminal will be by default mode work.If the user allows to install a client software, then this software can automatically be selected and switch.
3 experiment situations
For feasibility and the validity of verifying the method, we have realized the method at a programmable wireless router (Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH) platform, and have designed a cover selection strategy.AP extracts active terminals number and minimum speed limit information from existing state information, send to each terminal after being encoded among the SSID, and the user selects preferably AP according to viewed reference information.For the method relatively and the traditional AP system of selection based on RSSI, we test under scene as shown in Figure 4.
6 people are sitting on the meeting room and surf the Net by wireless network, carry out respectively FTP and download, watch online live (100KB/s) and web page browsing (per webpage of browsing a 500KB in 5 seconds) operation, and every kind of operation all has 2 people to carry out.They network by different selection mode successively, i.e. traditional mode based on signal strength signal intensity (RSSI based scheme) and based on interrelated decision mode of the present invention (Proposed scheme).AP(AP1 in this room) weak (55dBm), all AP and terminal all are operated in the 802.11g pattern to strong (30dBm), the AP(AP2 of the next room) signal of signal.In 1 minute, the average amount that FTP downloads more as shown in Figure 5.Experimental result shows that the method can gather how more effective reference information, and these information are delivered to each terminal, and the terminal use can make rational selection according to the gained reference information.
Above execution mode only is used for explanation the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; in the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method is characterized in that the method comprising the steps of:
S1 gathers the reference information that affects the WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision;
S2 concludes coding to reference information;
S3 sends to terminal with reference to information coding and beacon frame assembling, and described terminal is extracted reference information from described beacon frame;
S4 selects WAP (wireless access point) according to described reference information, sends association request frame;
S5 verifies the association request frame information that receives and processes, and the result that will verify and process sends to terminal.
2. a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described step S3 also comprises step:
S3 ' sends to terminal with reference to information coding and probing response frame assembling, and described terminal is extracted reference information from described probing response frame.
3. a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described method also comprises step:
When S6 changed WAP (wireless access point) in terminal, the again association request frame information that terminal is sent was verified and is processed, and the result that will verify and process sends to terminal.
4. a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described method also comprises step:
The S7 terminal is extracted and is analyzed the reference information coding after receiving the beacon frame that contains reference information coding and probing response frame, by analyzing WAP (wireless access point) is selected automatically or is switched, or selected or switched by the user.
5. a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described reference information comprises at least a in active terminals number, rate information, load, flow distribution information, rate variation information, queue length, the uplink signal-channel quality information.
6. a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the reference information that described collection affects the WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision comprises step for active terminals number and rate information:
Whether S11 sends according to terminal or receive data calculates the active terminals number, according to the average minimum-rate of rate calculations of each Frame of each terminal sending and receiving;
S12 sets the unit interval window, calculates sliding time window according to current active terminals number, if the active terminals number is 0, then replaces with default value;
S13 takes turns as one take a sliding time window duration, calculates this active terminals number in taking turns and the average transmission rate of each terminal, active terminals number and minimum average B configuration transmission rate in the record epicycle;
If the wheel number that S14 finishes has reached prior limitation, then active terminals number and minimum average B configuration transmission rate are carried out the moving average processing, namely whenever finish the predetermined wheel number and do moving average one time, with the average active terminals number of gained and average minimum-rate as being delivered to terminal with reference to value.
S15 carries out from step S12 circulation.
7. a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the character string that is assembled into reference to information coding of described reference information coding and beacon frame or probing response frame is appended in the ssid field of beacon frame or probing response frame, the reference information coded string is isolated by separator with initial SSID, thereby forms a new SSID.
8. a kind of WAP (wireless access point) interrelated decision Enhancement Method claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described related solicited message or checking and the processing method of related solicited message are again, from described new SSID, search for separator and extract the initial ssid field of separator front, if the initial ssid field of searching for unsuccessfully or extracting does not conform to local SSID, authentication failed then, otherwise by checking.
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Application publication date: 20130130 |