CN102779448A - Geometry assembly model based on dovetail tenon and strip-type round-head tenon connection - Google Patents
Geometry assembly model based on dovetail tenon and strip-type round-head tenon connection Download PDFInfo
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- CN102779448A CN102779448A CN2012100187432A CN201210018743A CN102779448A CN 102779448 A CN102779448 A CN 102779448A CN 2012100187432 A CN2012100187432 A CN 2012100187432A CN 201210018743 A CN201210018743 A CN 201210018743A CN 102779448 A CN102779448 A CN 102779448A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geometry assembly model based on dovetail tenon and strip-type round-head tenon connection, belonging to a general physical method and device. The model comprises various basic assembly models such as a regular polyhedron, a regular prism, a regular pyramid, a platform, a spherical body, a torus and the like; the connection of the surfaces of the model adopts close connection of a dovetail tenon and a strip-type round-head tenon; when in model assembly, the flexibility of the materials is sufficiently utilized, and the tenons and mortises regularly distributed on adjacent sides are in one-to-one close tenoning to form a firm model; and the assembly model has the characteristics of firm structure, standard appearance and the like, and can be repeatedly disassembled and assembled. The model can be used as a tool and a training carrier for the establishment teaching of a stereoscopic body and a spatial body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid that is connected with bar shaped round end tenon mode with dovetail and piece together modeling, belong to the general physical method and apparatus.
Background technology
Various geometric moulds are arranged in the market, mainly as teaching aid, children intelligent toy etc.The model that has is an entity, and is on-disconnectable, though body is directly perceived, sound construction, can only observe its profile, can not dynamic observe the construction process of space multistory; The model that has is to form through the panel that connects together is folding, though visual in image, the model steadiness is bad, is easy to fall apart; The model that has is formed by connecting on the pole (rib) of a rule, little visual pattern, and the structure steadiness is not enough; Also useful dovetail connects on the market layout or picture mosaic, like anti-skidding ground cushion, but spliced face is put down.In fact be to produce with the used connected mode of the present invention to piece together the geometric mould taken with the panel material of hard.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is: utilize the flexibility of model panel material, carry out the assembly of various basic body models with the connected mode of dovetail and round end tenon and take.The solid that the present invention relates to is pieced together modeling and is comprised that the plane basic body is pieced together modeling and the curved surface basic body is pieced together modeling; The plane basic body is pieced together modeling and is comprised that various regular polygons (positive tetrahedron, regular hexahedron, regular octahedron, regular dodecahedron and regular dodecahedron), rectangular parallelepiped, regular prism body (comprising regular triangular prism, four-prism, positive pentagonal prism, positive six prisms), orthopyramid body (comprising positive triangular pyramid, positive pentagonal pyramid, positive hexagonal pyramid), positive prismoid (comprising positive three terrace with edges, positive truncated rectangular pyramids, positive five terrace with edges, positive six terrace with edges) piece together modeling; The curved surface basic body is pieced together modeling and is comprised torse basic body assembly modeling and can not open up curved surface basic body assembly modeling; The torse basic body is pieced together modeling and is comprised various right cylinders, cone, Rotary-table assembly modeling, can not open up curved surface basic body assembly modeling and comprise spheroid, billiard table body and torus assembly modeling.
The basic technical scheme that the present invention taked is: the connection that said plane basic body is pieced together between the modeling panel adopts the mode of dovetail to connect; Being connected between the bottom panel that the torse basic body is pieced together modeling and the N-Side surf plate adopts the dovetail mode to connect, and the mode that connects employing bar shaped round end tenon of closing up of N-Side surf plate connects; Can not open up the connection that the surface geometry body pieces together between the panel of modeling adopts bar shaped round end tenon mode to connect.Said model makes full use of the flexibility of material when assembly is taken, diverge to two relative positions that are connected between the panel in good time, and the tenon of the regular distribution on the adjacent edge and mortise are matched one by one, and closely tenon closes the model that is formed by connecting to solid each other.
The assembly modeling that adopts this method to connect is compared with the corresponding model in the background technology and to be had following advantage.
1, said solid is pieced together the modeling rugged construction, and appearance standard can satisfy general demonstration and assembly and take exercise usefulness.
2, utilize material to have good springiness, flexibility is good, tear resistance is strong and unique connected mode, the dismounting easily repeatedly of various models, practical.
3, model can manifest the construction process of solid from the plane to the space multistory in the process that assembly is taken.Assembly through to the panel plane outspread drawing planar that constitutes the respective planes geometric mould is taken; The plane outspread drawing that can manifest various plane geometry phantom types intuitively; Through planar development to the N-Side surf that constitutes corresponding torse geometric mould; Can understand the design feature and the relevant nature of corresponding body intuitively; Through comparison, can intuitively understand not ductile and approximate ductile and the related properties thereof that to open up surface geometry phantom type curved surface to the ductile of the N-Side surf of the different building blocks that can not open up surface geometry phantom type.
4, because model can be dismantled easily, save storage and transport space, reduced use and transportation cost.
5, model of the present invention can be used as the educational aid that education departments at different levels carry out the solid geometry body, also can be used as numerous teenagers and carries out the carrier that space configuration makes up exercise.
The concrete technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: the used preferred material of said assembly modeling is the EVA rubber plastic foam material; This material has light weight, environmental protection, good springiness, flexibility is good, anti tear is strong characteristics; Tabular; The thickness of plate also can adopt the material of other similar quality between 5mm to 12mm.
All panels that said plane geometry body is pieced together modeling are polygonal shape with respective rule flat panels of (referring to also not have the shape of the corresponding panel before mortise head or the mortise); Distributing on every limit of every panel corresponding dovetail tenon with (or) the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove are simultaneously distributing on the limit of every panel; The drift angle sum of all panels equals the drift angle sum of corresponding geometric mould in the drift angle of the respective numbers that distributing on the summit of each polygon plane panel, model.All summits that like this can the completion model make corresponding model have the summit shape of rule.
Said torse geometric mould go up with (or) the bottom surface panel is the circular flat panel, the arc dovetail tongue-and-groove that distributing on the circular flat panel circumference is with its base of the N-Side surf panel that closes of tenon corresponding dovetail tenon that distributing mutually; Wherein cylindrical side panel is the panel of rectangular shape; The side panel of cone is the gradually thin fan-shaped panel in most advanced and sophisticated place along the center of circle; The side panel of Rotary-table is fan ring-type (a big fan-shaped remainder of clipping behind same central angle a fan-shaped) panel; The N-Side surf panel of right cylinder, cone, Rotary-table is the almost plane panel that outside surface that N-Side surf closes up the dual-side at place has certain curvature (curvature is identical with the curvature of the N-Side surf of corresponding model), so that panel bends to the N-Side surf of respective rule easily; The dual-side of the N-Side surf panel of corresponding model (N-Side surf closes up the place) distributing respectively bar shaped round end tenon and bar shaped round end mortise.
The said curved surface of can not opening up is pieced together the panel of modeling and formed and with shape be respectively: spherical surface body model panel can not be opened up sphere panel, one piece 3/16ths by three 1/4th and can not open up the almost plane panel of sphere panel and one ten sixth sphere (flexible become corresponding sphere) and form; Billiard table model panel is made up of the spherical plate of can not opening up of two planar rondure bottom panels and four quarterns; The torus model is a quadrant ring body, the panel of this model be one 3/16ths torus not the applicable surface plate constitute the toric almost plane panel of ten sixths (flexible become corresponding circle ring surface) with one; Bar shaped round end tenon and bar shaped round end mortise are distributing respectively on the corresponding fillet of each model.To reach the complete connection of each model body.
The side on every limit of the moulding panel of said assembly modeling (comprising the end face of dovetail tenon, the bottom surface of dovetail tongue-and-groove, the side end face of bar shaped round end tenon) has a certain degree with positive (outside surface) and the back side (inside surface), so that the junction of each face reaches seamless link closely.The side of the panel of said plane geometry phantom type and positive (outside surface) angulation equal the dihedral angle that become between two joint faces; The side of the rounded bottom surface panel of cone, side bottom surface and its positive angle that is become of the N-Side surf panel that closes of tenon equal the bus and the bottom surface angulation of circular cone mutually with it; The side of the base panel up and down of round platform, side bottom surface and its front angulation of the N-Side surf panel that closes of tenon equal round platform bus and last bottom surface angulation mutually with it; The base panel up and down of billiard table side and the positive angle that is become equal the angle that the front became of tangential direction longitudinally and last bottom surface of the corresponding junction of sphere, the closing up the side of locating both sides and can not open up the geometric mould N-Side surf and close up the side of locating both sides and its front angulation and just in time make two tenons close the side closely to close up of the N-Side surf of circular cone, cylinder, round platform.
Said plane geometry body is pieced together the dovetail that distributing on every limit of the corresponding panel of modeling, comprise the dovetail tenon with (or) the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Distributing simultaneously on the every panel dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove can make between the interconnective panel to pin down each other like this, make connection more firm, thereby make corresponding assembly modeling more solid firmly; The kind of the panel of every kind of model is along with the distribution situation of dovetail tenon on every limit of the corresponding panel and dovetail tongue-and-groove is different and different; Specifically: 1, said plane geometry body is pieced together compartment of terrain on every limit of the corresponding panel of modeling distributing dovetail tenon (can be single or a plurality of continuously) and dovetail tongue-and-groove (corresponding with the distribution of adjacent dovetail tenon, as can be single or continuous a plurality of); If dovetail tenon spaced apart on every limit of panel is identical with dovetail tongue-and-groove number, then every kind of model only need be used a kind of such panel; If dovetail tenon spaced apart on every limit is different with dovetail tongue-and-groove number; Be many one of dovetail tenon many one or dovetail tongue-and-grooves; Then the kind of panel has following several types: (1) is if the limit number of polygon panel is an even number; Then in the adjacent edge of panel in dovetail tenon spaced apart on one side and the dovetail tongue-and-groove dovetail tenon Duo one than the dovetail tongue-and-groove; The dovetail tongue-and-groove is Duoed one than the dovetail tenon in dovetail tenon that another side is spaced apart and the dovetail tongue-and-groove, and every kind of model only need be used a kind of such panel like this; (2) if the limit number of panel is an odd number; The panel that following two kinds of respective type are then arranged: every limit dovetail tenon of every kind of panel and dovetail tongue-and-groove distribution situation are with (1); But wherein a kind of panel has on every limit of two adjacent edges the dovetail tenon Duo one than the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Another kind of panel has on every limit of two adjacent edges the dovetail tongue-and-groove Duo one than the dovetail tenon, will use two types of such panels in such model; 2, the dovetail tenon on each limit of the corresponding panel of said plane geometry body assembly modeling or the another kind of form of dovetail tongue-and-groove distribution are: dovetail tenon or dovetail tongue-and-groove only distribute on each limit of the corresponding panel; If the limit number of polygon panel is an even number; Distributing dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain then, each model only need be used a kind of such panel; If the limit number of panel is an odd number, then panel has two types: a kind of is distributing dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain, but two adjacent edges dovetail tenon that all distributing is arranged; Another kind is distributing dovetail tenon and a dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain; But two adjacent edges dovetail tongue-and-groove that all distributing is arranged; Each model will be used two kinds of such panels; No matter be to adopt dovetail tenon and the quantity of dovetail tongue-and-groove in model of panel of above-mentioned which kind of type to equate, and can close splicing by corresponding, tight one by one tenon.
Said solid is pieced together the dovetail tenon and the dovetail tongue-and-groove that are distributing on the flat panel of the corresponding model in the modeling has certain shape and size requirement; Be characterized in: it is identical with the degree of depth of dovetail tongue-and-groove that the plane geometry body is pieced together the dovetail head length degree that distributes on the panel of modeling; Size is identical with the thickness of panel; Tenon closes when connecting like this, and the end face of tenon just in time drops on the outside surface of the panel that is complementary with it, guarantees that each face of model is smooth; The standard angle that the bottom surface of dovetail tongue-and-groove is become with the side is 60 °; Also can be any between 45 °～60 °; The angle of the region of interest of dovetail tenon is identical with the corresponding site angle of the dovetail tongue-and-groove that the phase tenon closes; The linear dimension of other region of interest of dovetail tenon is complementary with the corresponding site linear dimension of the dovetail tongue-and-groove that tenon mutually closes, and closes tenon and closes splicing to reach; The said circular base panel of opening up solid assembly modeling and round platform arc (dovetail groove bottom) dovetail tongue-and-groove along circle distribution; Corresponding dovetail tenon is distributing on the base of the N-Side surf panel that is complementary with it; When connecting, the each other tight tenon of arc dovetail tongue-and-groove that the dovetail tenon is rolled into corresponding arc dovetail tenon and bottom surface closes.
Said open up solid piece together modeling N-Side surf the both sides that close up the junction with can not open up solid and piece together the both sides that close up the junction of the curved surface of the modeling bar shaped round end tenon that distributing; The cylindric bar shaped round end tenon tenon that distributing on one side, the another side cylindric bar shaped round end tenon mortise that distributing.
The used bar shaped round end tenon of the present invention is made up of bar shaped round end tenon tenon and bar shaped round end tenon mortise; Bar shaped round end tenon tenon is rectangular cylindric; Bar shaped round end tenon mortise formation is rectangular cylindric; Being distributed in flat panel respectively bends on the back side (inside surface of model N-Side surf) on the both sides that close up the place of N-Side surf; The cylinder length of the cylinder length of the cylindric tenon of right cylinder and Rotary-table and cylindric mortise is identical with the length of dual-side; Cone shortens in tip one side near the model N-Side surf with the cylinder length of the cylindric tenon that can not open up surface geometry phantom type and the cylinder length of cylindric mortise to some extent, and the body diameter of tenon equals the internal diameter of mortise cylinders, and cylindric mortise has fluting in the junction; The right cylinder of tenon is embedded in the cylinder of mortise through fluting during connection, and the sealing that reaches N-Side surf connects and closely is connected.
Can draw figure line bright in luster or pattern on the outside surface of said geometric mould, be used for demonstrating the related properties of relevant solid.On the outside surface of corresponding torse geometric mould, draw the bus of painted corresponding body; On the cone side panel, draw through the straight line of dual-side, utilize the bee-line of the lip-deep point-to-point transmission of cone N-Side surf stretch-out view demonstration cone.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure diagram that certain regular hexahedron is pieced together modeling and panel thereof.
Fig. 2 is the front elevation that every limit is intervally distributed with the panel of dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove.3 is only distributing front elevations of panel of dovetail tenon or dovetail tongue-and-groove of two kinds of every limits.
Fig. 3 is only the distributing front elevations of panel of dovetail tenon or dovetail tongue-and-groove of two kinds of every limits.
Fig. 4 right cylinder is pieced together the vertical view (round end tenon tenon closes structural representation) of modeling.
Among the figure 1, the dovetail tenon, 2, the dovetail tongue-and-groove, 3, dovetail tongue-and-groove side, 4, the dovetail groove bottom; 5, panel drift angle, 6, the dovetail end surface, 7, the panel side; 8, panel front 9, arc dovetail tongue-and-groove, 10, bar shaped round end tenon tenon, 11, bar shaped round end tenon mortise.
Annotate: the numbering (seeing the mark in the accompanying drawing for details) of the relevant parts of each in the statement of hereinafter only occurs once; The identical component names that occurs in all the other prefaces is not with numbering; As occurring " dovetail tenon 1 " in [0032] among this paper; The same parts that in all the other prefaces, occurs is only write " dovetail tenon ", and the statement of remaining part is similar.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment further detailed explanation is done in invention.
Various basic body of the present invention is pieced together the design feature of the building block (panel) of modeling.
The used preferred material of said assembly modeling is the EVA rubber plastic foam material; This material has light weight, environmental protection, good springiness, flexibility is good, anti tear is strong characteristics; Tabular, the thickness of plate also can adopt the material of other similar quality between 5mm to 12mm.
The panel-shaped of the shape of the composition panel of said assembly modeling (refer to also not have mortise head with (or) mortise) be respectively with quantity: the panel of each ingredient of plane geometry body assembly modeling is the polygon plane panel of regular shape; Wherein positive tetrahedron (positive rectangular pyramid) model panel is made up of 4 identical equilateral triangle panels; Regular hexahedron (square) model panel is made up of six identical square panels; Regular octahedron model panel is made up of eight identical equilateral triangle panels; Regular dodecahedron model panel is made up of 12 identical regular pentagon panels; Regular dodecahedron model panel is made up of 20 identical equilateral triangle panels; Regular prism model panel is made up of two identical regular polygon bottom panels and respective numbers (equating with the limit number of polygon bottom panel) rectangle side panel; Orthopyramid model panel is made up of the isosceles triangle side panel of a regular polygon bottom panel and respective numbers (equating with the limit number of polygon bottom panel), and positive terrace with edge model panel is made up of (equating with the limit number of polygon bottom panel) isosceles trapezoid panel of two similar regular polygon bottom panels and respective numbers; The right cylinder model panel that the torse solid is pieced together in the modeling is made up of two identical circular flat bottom panels and rectangle side panel; The cone model is made up of a circular flat base plate and the fan-shaped side panel that most advanced and sophisticated place gradually approaches along the center of circle; Rotary-table model panel is made up of two circular flat base plates and one fan ring (a big fan-shaped remainder of clipping behind same central angle fan-shaped) side panel; The N-Side surf panel of right cylinder, cone, Rotary-table is near the flat panel that has certain curvature (curvature is identical with the curvature of the N-Side surf of corresponding model) outside surface of the N-Side surf dual-side that closes up the place, so that panel bends to the N-Side surf of respective rule easily; Can not open up curved surface pieces together sphere model panel in the modeling and can not open up sphere panel, one piece 3/16ths by three 1/4th and can not open up the almost plane panel that sphere panel and constitutes ten sixth spheres (flexible become corresponding sphere) and form; Billiard table model panel is made up of the spherical plate of can not opening up of two circular base panels and four quarterns; The torus model is a quadrant ring body, this model panel by one 3/16ths torus not the applicable surface plate constitute the toric almost plane panel of ten sixths (flexible become circle ring surface) and form with one.
Shown in accompanying drawing; The side 7 on every limit of the panel of said assembly modeling (comprising the end face 6 of dovetail tenon 1, the bottom surface 4 of dovetail tongue-and-groove 2, the side end face of bar shaped round end tenon) has a certain degree with panel front 8 (outside surface) and the back side (inside surface), so that seamless tight connection is accomplished in the junction between the adjacent panels.The side of the panel of said plane geometry phantom type and positive (outside surface) angulation equal the dihedral angle that become between two joint faces, and be specially: the side of the panel of positive tetrahedron model is about 70.5 ° with the angle that the front is become; Base panel and side panel side bottom surface are 90 ° with its positive angle that is become about regular hexahedron (square) model panel, rectangular parallelepiped model panel, the regular prism phantom type; The side of the panel of regular octahedron model is about 109.5 ° with its positive angle that is become; The side of the panel of regular dodecahedron model is about 131.4 ° with the positive angle that is become; The side of the panel of regular dodecahedron model is about 153.2 ° with its positive angle that is become; The side of the right and left of the side panel of regular prism is big or small with the interior angle that its positive dihedral angle that is become equals regular prism bottom surface regular polygon; The side bottom surface of the side of bottom surface, respective side panel equals the dihedral angle that positive terrace with edge side is become with last bottom surface with its positive angle that is become on the positive terrace with edge, and the side of the right and left of side panel equals the dihedral angle between side panel with the positive dihedral angle that is become.The side of the base panel up and down of the right cylinder model in the said torse assembly modeling and the side bottom surface of side panel are 90 ° with its positive angle that is become; The side of the rounded bottom surface panel of cone, side bottom surface and its positive angle that is become of the N-Side surf panel that closes of tenon equal the bus and the bottom surface angulation of circular cone mutually with it; The side of the base panel up and down of round platform, side bottom surface and its front angulation of the N-Side surf panel that closes of tenon equal round platform bus and last bottom surface angulation mutually with it.The base panel up and down of billiard table side and the positive angle that is become equal the angle that the front became of tangential direction longitudinally and last bottom surface of the corresponding junction of sphere; The closing up the side of locating both sides and can not open up the geometric mould N-Side surf and close up the side of locating both sides and its front angulation and just in time make two tenons close the side closely to close up of the N-Side surf of circular cone, cylinder, round platform.
Said plane geometry body is pieced together on every limit of the corresponding panel of modeling, distributing regularly on the limit of the side of matching on the circumference of right cylinder, cone and round platform bottom surface and with them the dovetail tenon and (or) the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Circumference on the distributed arc dovetail tongue-and-groove 9 of right cylinder, cone and round platform bottom surface wherein; And with they dovetail tenons that only distributes that is complementary, the both sides that close up the junction of the said N-Side surf of opening up geometric mould and the both sides that close up the junction that can not open up the curved surface of geometric mould distributing the respectively tenon and the mortise of bar shaped round end tenon.
Shown in accompanying drawing, the identical thickness with panel of the degree of depth of dovetail head length degree that distributes on the every panel of said model and dovetail tongue-and-groove is identical; To guarantee that tenon closes when connecting, the end face of tenon just in time drops on the outside surface of the panel that is complementary with it, guarantees that each face of model is smooth; The bottom surface of dovetail tongue-and-groove is 60 ° with the standard angle that its side 3 is become; It also can be the unspecified angle between 45 °～60 °; The angle of the region of interest of dovetail tenon is identical with the corresponding site angle of dovetail tongue-and-groove; The corresponding site linear dimension of the linear dimension of other region of interest of dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove is complementary, and closes tenon and closes splicing to reach.
Said plane geometry body is pieced together the dovetail that distributing on every limit of the corresponding panel of modeling, comprise the dovetail tenon with (or) the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Distributing simultaneously on the every panel dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove can make between the interconnective panel to pin down each other like this, make connection more firm, thereby make corresponding assembly modeling more solid firmly; The kind of the panel of every kind of model is along with the distribution situation of dovetail tenon on every limit of the corresponding panel and dovetail tongue-and-groove is different and different; Specifically: 1, said plane geometry body is pieced together compartment of terrain on every limit of the corresponding panel of modeling distributing dovetail tenon (can be single or a plurality of continuously) and dovetail tongue-and-groove (corresponding with the distribution of adjacent dovetail tenon, as can be single or continuous a plurality of); If dovetail tenon spaced apart on every limit of panel is identical with dovetail tongue-and-groove number, then every kind of model only need be used a kind of such panel, and distributing like the dovetail on Fig. 1,2 the panel edges is exactly to adopt this mode; If dovetail tenon spaced apart on every limit is different with dovetail tongue-and-groove number; To be the dovetail tenon Duo one or dovetail tongue-and-groove than the dovetail tongue-and-groove Duos one than the dovetail tenon; Then the kind of panel has following several types: (1) is if the limit number of polygon panel is an even number; Then in the adjacent edge of panel in dovetail tenon spaced apart on one side and the dovetail tongue-and-groove dovetail tenon Duo one than the dovetail tongue-and-groove; The dovetail tongue-and-groove is Duoed one than the dovetail tenon in dovetail tenon that another side is spaced apart and the dovetail tongue-and-groove, and every kind of model only need be used a kind of such panel like this; (2) if the limit number of panel is an odd number; The panel that following two kinds of respective type are then arranged: every limit dovetail tenon of every kind of panel and dovetail tongue-and-groove distribution situation are with (1); But wherein a kind of panel has on every limit of two adjacent edges the dovetail tenon Duo one than the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Another kind of panel has on every limit of two adjacent edges the dovetail tongue-and-groove Duo one than the dovetail tenon, will use two types of such panels in such model.
The another kind of form that dovetail tenon on each limit of the corresponding panel of said plane geometry body assembly modeling or dovetail tongue-and-groove distribute is: dovetail tenon or dovetail tongue-and-groove only distribute on each limit of the corresponding panel; If the limit number of polygon panel is an even number; Distributing dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain then, each model only need be used a kind of such panel; If the limit number of panel is an odd number, then panel has two types: a kind of is distributing dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain, but two adjacent edges dovetail tenon that all distributing is arranged; Another kind is distributing dovetail tenon and a dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain, but two adjacent edges dovetail tongue-and-groove that all distributing is arranged, and each model will be used two kinds of such panels, and the distribution of the dovetail on the panel edges as shown in Figure 3 is exactly to adopt this mode; No matter be to adopt dovetail tenon and the quantity of dovetail tongue-and-groove in model of panel of above-mentioned which kind of type to equate, and can close splicing by corresponding, tight one by one tenon.
As shown in Figure 4; Bar shaped round end tenon of the present invention is made up of bar shaped round end tenon tenon 10 and bar shaped round end tenon mortise 11; Bar shaped round end tenon tenon is rectangular cylindric; Bar shaped round end tenon mortise formation is rectangular cylindric; Be distributed in plain bending respectively and become on the back side (inside surface of model N-Side surf) on the both sides that close up the place of N-Side surf, the cylinder length of the cylindric tenon of right cylinder and Rotary-table is identical with the length of dual-side with the cylinder length of cylindric mortise, and the cylinder length of cone and the cylindric tenon that can not open up surface geometry phantom type and the cylinder length of cylindric mortise are shortening near the most advanced and sophisticated side of model to some extent; The body diameter of tenon equals the internal diameter of mortise cylinders, and cylindric mortise has fluting in the junction, and the right cylinder of tenon is embedded in the cylinder of mortise through fluting during connection, and the sealing that reaches N-Side surf connects and closely is connected.
Shown in accompanying drawing; Drift angle 5 sums of all panels of said plane geometry body assembly modeling equal the summit sum of corresponding geometric mould; The distribution of the drift angle on every panel can according to circumstances be decided, but the drift angle sum of every polygon panel can not surpass the limit number of corresponding polygon panel.Be specially: the drift angle sum of positive tetrahedron, regular hexahedron (square), regular octahedron, regular dodecahedron and regular dodecahedron, rectangular parallelepiped model panel is respectively 4,6,8,12,20 and 8; The drift angle sum that regular prism body, positive prismoid are formed panel equals the twice of the limit number of its bottom surface regular polygon panel, and the drift angle sum of pyramid composition panel equals the limit number of its bottom surface regular polygon panel.
Various solid according to the invention is pieced together the design feature of modeling.
Said assembly modeling is because used material has certain rigid; Have simultaneously better elastic, flexibility again; Can make model in the process that assembly is taken; Panel to the junction moves easily and diverges to, make dovetail tenon spaced apart and the connection between the dovetail tongue-and-groove become maybe with easily, make this assembly mode of taking can't realize with hard material become possibility in the present invention.Because material has good tear resistance, make model can carry out dismounting times without number simultaneously.
The panel that said model is used makes that structure of models is solid, the profile standard owing to have the shape and accurate size of respective rule; Because the degree of tilt accurately of the side of panel makes that connection is more compact; Because the dovetail head length degree that distributes on the panel is identical with the identical thickness with panel of the degree of depth of dovetail tongue-and-groove; Make the end face of tenon just in time drop on the outside surface of the panel that is complementary with it, guarantee that each face of model is smooth; Because the drift angle of a panel is distributed on each summit of model; Make model that complete summit arranged; Above design feature makes corresponding model have complete and solid structure and shape, and model as shown in Figure 1 is the three-dimensional structure diagram with certain regular hexahedron of strong design.
Said plane geometry phantom type, the bottom surface that can open up geometric mould all adopt the dovetail mode closely to connect with being connected of its side, and the first-selected kind of the panel of plane geometry phantom type is the panel of every limit dovetail tenon spaced apart and dovetail tongue-and-groove.
The curved surface that closes up connection, can not open up solid of the N-Side surf of said torse geometric mould closes up connection and all adopts the mode of bar shaped round end tenon to connect.The coupling part is in the inside of N-Side surf, the smooth connection of lateral surface.
Said solid is pieced together modeling and is had firm connected mode rationally, makes that the rugged construction of corresponding assembly modeling is firm.Be characterized in: the connection between the panel of plane geometry phantom type all adopts the mode of dovetail to connect; Dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove are that tenon closes and is connected closely; Dovetail tenon and dovetail mortice are simultaneously distributing on while every panel; Make the connection between face and the face pin down each other, make like this between face and the face be connected more solid firmly, again because there is a strict angle regulation side of the panel of model with positive; Make that the connection between the panel is compact more, thereby make the structure of corresponding assembly modeling more solid firmly; Can open up geometric mould also is very firm connection with being connected of bar shaped round end tenon that can not open up in the geometric mould, makes that also the structure of corresponding assembly modeling is more solid firmly.
Said assembly modeling in the process of dismounting, can intuitively manifest corresponding body space construction process and the relevant nature of body.
Can draw figure line bright in luster or pattern on the outside surface of said geometric mould, be used for demonstrating the related properties of relevant solid.On the outside surface of corresponding torse geometric mould, draw the bus of painted corresponding body; On the cone side panel, draw through the straight line of dual-side, utilize the bee-line of the lip-deep point-to-point transmission of cone N-Side surf stretch-out view demonstration cone.
Method is taken in the assembly that various solid according to the invention is pieced together modeling.
Said assembly modeling is taken by the assembly of one one of certain rule by the corresponding panel of composition model and is formed; When assembly is taken, make full use of the softness of material, diverge to two positions between panel that are connected in good time; Tenon is embedded in the mortise smoothly, reach standard and connect closely.Be specially: 1, said positive tetrahedron model is pieced together and taken order and be: with a formation of lots panel wherein is base plate; A limit of second panel is closed with a side tenon of base plate and is connected, and two limits of the 3rd panel are closed and are connected respectively at an empty limit (also not being connected with other limits) tenon of first and second piece panel, and connection is closed respectively at each empty limit phase tenon of first three piece panel in three limits of the 4th panel; In the connection of The model; The connection difficulty of the 4th panel is maximum, make full use of the flexibility of panel material, diverges to the position between the two connection panels in good time; Corresponding tenon is embedded in the corresponding mortise, closes connection with the tenon closely that reaches standard.2, the assembly of said regular hexahedron model is taken order and is: with a formation of lots panel wherein is base plate; A limit of second panel is closed with a side tenon of first panel and is connected; Two limits of the 3rd panel are connected with an empty limit of first and second piece panel; Two limits of the 4th panel are closed with a corresponding empty side tenon of first and third panel and are connected; Three limits of the 5th panel with first and second, the corresponding empty side tenon of four panel closes and is connected, the four edges of the 6th panel with second and third, the corresponding empty limit of four, five panels mutually tenon close connection.After The model is closed up, examine the connection situation that each tenon closes the place, in time levelling is pushed each opposite respectively with two hands then, makes The model become more solid.
Can piece together all the other various plane geometry phantom types of taking with same way.Note piecing together when taking, a corresponding panel drift angle is only distributed on each summit of model.
Order is taken in the assembly of said torse geometric mould: moulding and the joggle of accomplishing N-Side surf earlier; Its method is: the shape that firmly becomes the side plate bending N-Side surf of corresponding model earlier with hand at leisure; A hand is held bar shaped round end mortise in the inboard of N-Side surf then; The another hand firmly is pressed into bar shaped round end tenon in the mortise in the outside, accomplishes the connection of N-Side surf; Similar methods is also adopted in the connection of the bar shaped round end tenon of all the other models.Then accomplish being connected of bottom surface and N-Side surf; Its method is the dovetail tongue-and-groove on the circumference of dovetail tenon aligning rounded bottom surface on the base of N-Side surf; Utilize the flexibility of material; Be rolled into corresponding arc with handgrip dovetail tenon successively and be embedded in the corresponding arc dovetail tongue-and-groove on the bottom surface, reach bottom surface and N-Side surf each other closely tenon close and be connected.
Order is taken in the assembly of said sphere model: connect three quartern spheres and one 3/16ths sphere earlier; The vacancy position of the crooked gradually joggle of sphere flat panel that constitutes ten sixths, accomplish the assembly of whole spheroid and take then to corresponding spherical surface body.Take in the process in the assembly of ten sixth spheroids, can demonstrate the approximate expansion figure that can not open up sphere approx.
Order is taken in the assembly of said billiard table model: piece together earlier and put up the billiard table N-Side surf, piece together and cost bottom surface, making becomes a complete billiard table model.
Order is taken in the assembly of said torus model: the torus junction of the gradually crooked joggle to ten 3/6ths of flat panel of formation ten sixth annulus areas, become one complete 1/4th torus model.In the process that assembly is taken, can demonstrate toric approximate expansion figure.
[shown in piece together modeling in the process that assembly is taken, can show intuitively dynamically that body by the construction process of plane to solid, also can demonstrate the fundamental property of corresponding solid.Therefore a model can divide the several stages assembly to take.
Claims (9)
1. a solid that is connected with bar shaped round end tenon mode with dovetail is pieced together modeling; Comprise that the plane basic body pieces together modeling and piece together modeling with the curved surface basic body, the plane basic body is pieced together modeling and is comprised various regular polygons (positive tetrahedron, regular hexahedron, regular octahedron, regular dodecahedron and regular dodecahedron), rectangular parallelepiped, regular prism body (comprising regular triangular prism, four-prism, positive pentagonal prism, positive six prisms), orthopyramid body (comprising positive rectangular pyramid, positive pentagonal pyramid, positive hexagonal pyramid), positive prismoid (comprising positive three terrace with edges, positive truncated rectangular pyramids, positive five terrace with edges, positive six terrace with edges) assembly modeling; The curved surface basic body is pieced together modeling and is comprised torse basic body assembly modeling and can not open up curved surface basic body assembly modeling; The torse basic body is pieced together modeling and is comprised various right cylinders, cone, Rotary-table assembly modeling, can not open up curved surface basic body assembly modeling and comprise spheroid, billiard table body and torus assembly modeling; It is characterized in that: the used material of said assembly modeling has light weight, environmental protection, good springiness, flexibility is good, anti tear is strong characteristics; The connection that said plane basic body is pieced together between the modeling panel adopts the mode of dovetail to connect; Being connected between the bottom panel that the torse basic body is pieced together modeling and the N-Side surf plate adopts the dovetail mode to connect, and the mode that connects employing bar shaped round end tenon of closing up of N-Side surf plate connects; Can not open up the connection that the surface geometry body pieces together between the panel of modeling adopts bar shaped round end tenon mode to connect; Said model makes full use of the flexibility of material when assembly is taken, diverge to two relative positions that are connected between the panel in good time, and the tenon of the regular distribution on the adjacent edge and mortise are matched one by one, and closely tenon closes the model that is formed by connecting to solid each other; Said assembly modeling connects closely, rugged construction, and the profile standard can repeated disassembled and assembled.
2. the panel of solid assembly modeling according to claim 1 has the shape of respective rule; It is characterized in that: all panels that said plane geometry body is pieced together modeling are polygonal shape with respective rule flat panels of (referring to also not have the shape of the corresponding panel before mortise head or the mortise); Distributing on every limit of every panel corresponding dovetail tenon with (or) the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove are simultaneously distributing on the limit of every panel; The drift angle of the respective numbers that distributing on the summit of each polygon plane panel; The drift angle sum of all panels equals the drift angle sum of corresponding geometric mould in model, and all summits that like this can the completion model make corresponding model have the summit shape of rule; Said torse geometric mould go up with (or) the bottom surface panel is the circular flat panel; Arc dovetail tongue-and-groove is distributing on the circular flat panel circumference; With its base of the N-Side surf panel that closes of tenon corresponding dovetail tenon that distributing mutually; Wherein cylindrical side panel is the panel of rectangular shape; The side panel of cone is the gradually thin fan-shaped panel in most advanced and sophisticated place along the center of circle; The side panel of Rotary-table is fan ring-type (a big fan-shaped remainder of clipping behind same central angle a fan-shaped) panel; The N-Side surf panel of right cylinder, cone, Rotary-table is the almost plane panel that outside surface that N-Side surf closes up the dual-side at place has certain curvature (curvature is identical with the curvature of the N-Side surf of corresponding model), so that panel bends to the N-Side surf of respective rule easily, and the dual-side of the N-Side surf panel of corresponding model (N-Side surf closes up the place) distributing respectively bar shaped round end tenon and bar shaped round end mortise; The said curved surface of can not opening up is pieced together the panel of modeling and formed and with shape be respectively: spherical surface body model panel can not be opened up sphere panel, one piece 3/16ths by three 1/4th and can not open up the almost plane panel of sphere panel and one ten sixth sphere (flexible become corresponding sphere) and form; Billiard table model panel is made up of the spherical plate of can not opening up of two planar rondure bottom panels and four quarterns; The torus model is a quadrant ring body; The panel of this model be one 3/16ths torus not the applicable surface plate constitute the toric almost plane panel of ten sixths (flexible become corresponding circle ring surface) with one; Distributing respectively on the corresponding fillet of each model bar shaped round end tenon and bar shaped round end mortise are to reach the complete connection of each model body.
3. the side (comprising the end face of dovetail tenon, the bottom surface of dovetail tongue-and-groove, the side end face of bar shaped round end tenon) on every limit of the panel of solid assembly modeling according to claim 1 has a certain degree with positive (outside surface) and the back side (inside surface); So that the junction of each face reaches seamless link closely, it is characterized in that: the side of the panel of said plane geometry phantom type and positive (outside surface) angulation equal the dihedral angle that become between two joint faces; The side of the rounded bottom surface panel of cone, side bottom surface and its positive angle that is become of the N-Side surf panel that closes of tenon equal the bus and the bottom surface angulation of circular cone mutually with it; The side of the base panel up and down of round platform, side bottom surface and its front angulation of the N-Side surf panel that closes of tenon equal round platform bus and last bottom surface angulation mutually with it; The base panel up and down of billiard table side and the positive angle that is become equal the angle that the front became of tangential direction longitudinally and last bottom surface of the corresponding junction of sphere, the closing up the side of locating both sides and can not open up the geometric mould N-Side surf and close up the side of locating both sides and its front angulation and just in time make two tenons close the side closely to close up of the N-Side surf of circular cone, cylinder, round platform.
4. solid according to claim 1 is pieced together the dovetail that distributing on every limit of modeling the corresponding panel, comprise the dovetail tenon with (or) the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Distributing simultaneously on the every panel dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove can make between the interconnective panel to pin down each other like this, make connection more firm, thereby make corresponding assembly modeling more solid firmly; The kind of the panel of every kind of model is along with the distribution situation of dovetail tenon on every limit of the corresponding panel and dovetail tongue-and-groove is different and different; It is characterized in that: 1, said plane geometry body is pieced together compartment of terrain on every limit of the corresponding panel of modeling distributing dovetail tenon (can be single or a plurality of continuously) and dovetail tongue-and-groove (corresponding with the distribution of adjacent dovetail tenon, as can be single or continuous a plurality of); If dovetail tenon spaced apart on every limit of panel is identical with dovetail tongue-and-groove number, then every kind of model only need be used a kind of such panel; If dovetail tenon spaced apart on every limit is different with dovetail tongue-and-groove number; Be many one of dovetail tenon many one or dovetail tongue-and-grooves; Then the kind of panel has following several types: (1) is if the limit number of polygon panel is an even number; Then in the adjacent edge of panel in dovetail tenon spaced apart on one side and the dovetail tongue-and-groove dovetail tenon Duo one than the dovetail tongue-and-groove; The dovetail tongue-and-groove is Duoed one than the dovetail tenon in dovetail tenon that another side is spaced apart and the dovetail tongue-and-groove, and every kind of model only need be used a kind of such panel like this; (2) if the limit number of panel is an odd number; The panel that following two kinds of respective type are then arranged: every limit dovetail tenon of every kind of panel and dovetail tongue-and-groove distribution situation are with (1); But wherein a kind of panel has on every limit of two adjacent edges the dovetail tenon Duo one than the dovetail tongue-and-groove; Another kind of panel has on every limit of two adjacent edges the dovetail tongue-and-groove Duo one than the dovetail tenon, will use two types of such panels in such model; 2, the dovetail tenon on each limit of the corresponding panel of said plane geometry body assembly modeling or the another kind of form of dovetail tongue-and-groove distribution are: dovetail tenon or dovetail tongue-and-groove only distribute on each limit of the corresponding panel; If the limit number of polygon panel is an even number; Distributing dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain then, each model only need be used a kind of such panel; If the limit number of panel is an odd number, then panel has two types: a kind of is distributing dovetail tenon and dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain, but two adjacent edges dovetail tenon that all distributing is arranged; Another kind is distributing dovetail tenon and a dovetail tongue-and-groove of adjacent edge compartment of terrain; But two adjacent edges dovetail tongue-and-groove that all distributing is arranged; Each model will be used two kinds of such panels; No matter be to adopt dovetail tenon and the quantity of dovetail tongue-and-groove in model of panel of above-mentioned which kind of type to equate, and can close splicing by corresponding, tight one by one tenon.
5. solid according to claim 1 is pieced together the dovetail tenon and the dovetail tongue-and-groove that distribute on the flat panel of the corresponding model in the modeling has certain shape and size requirement; It is characterized in that: it is identical with the degree of depth of dovetail tongue-and-groove that the plane geometry body is pieced together the dovetail head length degree that distributes on the panel of modeling; Size is identical with the thickness of panel; Tenon closes when connecting like this, and the end face of tenon just in time drops on the outside surface of the panel that is complementary with it, guarantees that each face of model is smooth; The standard angle that the bottom surface of dovetail tongue-and-groove is become with the side is 60 °; Also can be any between 45 °～60 °; The angle of the region of interest of dovetail tenon is identical with the corresponding site angle of the dovetail tongue-and-groove that the phase tenon closes; The linear dimension of other region of interest of dovetail tenon is complementary with the corresponding site linear dimension of the dovetail tongue-and-groove that tenon mutually closes, and closes tenon and closes splicing to reach; The said circular base panel of opening up solid assembly modeling and round platform arc (dovetail groove bottom) dovetail tongue-and-groove along circle distribution; Corresponding dovetail tenon is distributing on the base of the N-Side surf panel that is complementary with it; When connecting, the each other tight tenon of arc dovetail tongue-and-groove that the dovetail tenon is rolled into corresponding arc dovetail tenon and bottom surface closes.
6. solid according to claim 1 piece together modeling said open up solid piece together modeling N-Side surf the both sides that close up the junction with can not open up solid and piece together the both sides that close up the junction of the curved surface of the modeling bar shaped round end tenon that distributing; Cylindric bar shaped round end tenon tenon is on one side distributing; The another side cylindric bar shaped round end tenon mortise that distributing; It is characterized in that: said bar shaped round end tenon is made up of bar shaped round end tenon tenon and bar shaped round end tenon mortise; Bar shaped round end tenon tenon is rectangular cylindric; Bar shaped round end tenon mortise formation is rectangular cylindric; Be distributed in flat panel respectively and bend on the back side (inside surface of model N-Side surf) on the both sides that close up the place of N-Side surf, the cylinder length of the cylindric tenon of right cylinder and Rotary-table is identical with the length of dual-side with the cylinder length of cylindric mortise, and cone shortens in tip one side near the model N-Side surf with the cylinder length of the cylindric tenon that can not open up surface geometry phantom type and the cylinder length of cylindric mortise to some extent; The body diameter of tenon equals the internal diameter of mortise cylinders; Cylindric mortise has fluting in the junction, and the right cylinder of tenon is embedded in the cylinder of mortise through fluting during connection, and the sealing that reaches N-Side surf connects and closely is connected.
7. be decorated with figure line bright in luster or pattern on the outside surface according to claim 1,2 described solids assembly modelings; Be used for demonstrating the related properties of relevant solid and express certain thought theme; It is characterized in that: the outside surface of piecing together modeling at corresponding regular polygon draws or stamps or engrave relevant pattern, to express corresponding thought theme; On the side surface of corresponding torse geometric mould, draw the bus of painted corresponding body, to demonstrate the related properties of relevant solid; On the developed surface of respective planes geometric mould, draw straight line on the developed surface of the side surface of torse geometric mould, with the bee-line of the point-to-point transmission on the demonstration solid geometry surface through 2.
8. be applicable to being connected between the panel of other geometric moulds according to the connected mode of claim 1,4,5,6 described dovetails and bar shaped round end tenon.
9. it is the EVA rubber plastic foam material that solid according to claim 1 is pieced together the used material of modeling, also the material of available other similarities.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012100187432A CN102779448A (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Geometry assembly model based on dovetail tenon and strip-type round-head tenon connection |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012100187432A CN102779448A (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Geometry assembly model based on dovetail tenon and strip-type round-head tenon connection |
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| CN102779448A true CN102779448A (en) | 2012-11-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2012100187432A Pending CN102779448A (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Geometry assembly model based on dovetail tenon and strip-type round-head tenon connection |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109903650A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-18 | 南珂怡 | A kind of three-view diagram school mathematics learning aid |
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| DE3314496A1 (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1984-10-25 | Goergens Alfred | Puzzle in the style of a jigsaw puzzle |
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Application publication date: 20121114 |