CN102289241A

CN102289241A - Micro-power alternating current (AC) voltage stabilizer

Info

Publication number: CN102289241A
Application number: CN2011101665780A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郁百超
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-06-17
Filing date: 2011-06-17
Publication date: 2011-12-21
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-17
Also published as: CN102289241B

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-power alternating current (AC) voltage stabilizer. The micro-power AC voltage stabilizer stabilizes or adjusts AC voltage by using a very simple electronic circuit and a method of stabilizing direct current (DC) voltage, and can stabilize the high-power AC or an electric power supply; the AC voltage stabilizer has the greatest characteristic that a power frequency transformer or a power frequency inductor is not used, and a main circuit does not use PWM (pulse width modulation), no EMI (electro-magnetic interference) is generated; therefore, the power consumption is extremely low and the service life is extremely long, an output sine wave is undistorted, and the efficiency is as high as 99.5%; the AC voltage stabilizer is completely safe and reliable, energy-saving and environment-friendly, simple in circuit, low in cost and easy for manufacturing and installing.

Description

Little power consumption AC voltage regulator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of little power consumption AC voltage regulator.

Background technology

The iron core that the conventional AC voltage stabilizer all adopts silicon steel sheet to make, volume is big, and heaviness has very big power frequency noise during operation, and heating simultaneously is severe, and efficient is low; What the conventional AC voltage stabilizing was adopted is the magnetic saturation principle, and sine wave output voltage can produce serious distortion.

Summary of the invention

Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of little power consumption AC voltage regulator: when input voltage is within rated range, needn't carry out any Power Conversion, input voltage directly arrives output terminal, becomes output voltage; When input voltage during greater than rated voltage, through the voltage cutting circuit, greater than rated voltage that partly the minimum voltage of ratio scale off, be transformed into the sine voltage of specified output, together with being cut partly line output also of rated voltage left behind the head; When input voltage during less than rated voltage, through voltage compensating circuit, the minimum voltage compensation of that part ratio less than rated voltage in the input voltage is got up, promptly produce a bucking voltage by compensating circuit, this voltage is the poor of rated voltage and input voltage just, be superimposed upon on the input voltage, promptly output rated voltage is input voltage and bucking voltage sum.

The maximum characteristics of little power consumption AC voltage regulator are: as long as very small portion in the power input is carried out the conventional power conversion, just can obtain whole output powers, be greatly partly both to have carried out actual Power Conversion in the power input, also needn't pass through core transformers or inductance transmitted power, directly arrive output terminal, become output power.

Little power consumption AC voltage regulator is made up of voltage cutting circuit and voltage compensation voltage, voltage cutting circuit and voltage compensating circuit connect in parallel.The voltage cutting circuit is by field effect transistor Q1-Q6, element was formed around core transformers TX1 reached, field effect transistor Q5, the drain electrode of Q6 links, the source electrode of the one termination field effect transistor Q5 on the former limit of transformer TX1, another termination input voltage Vi, the other end ground connection of input voltage Vi, resistance R 6 and capacitor C 2 parallel connections, one end ground connection, the source electrode of another termination field effect transistor Q6, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q1 and field effect transistor Q2 links, and the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q3 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q1, and its source electrode is by resistance R 7 ground connection, resistance R 7 and capacitor C 3 parallel connections, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q4 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q2, and its source electrode is by resistance R 8 ground connection, resistance R 8 and capacitor C 4 parallel connections, the source ground of field effect transistor Q3, the source electrode of field effect transistor Q4 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q6.Voltage compensating circuit is by field effect transistor Q1-Q6, element was formed around core transformers TX1 reached, field effect transistor Q5, the drain electrode of Q6 links, the source electrode of the one termination field effect transistor Q5 on the former limit of transformer TX1, another termination input voltage Vi, the other end ground connection of input voltage Vi, the source ground of field effect transistor Q6, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q1 and field effect transistor Q2 links, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q3 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q1, its source electrode is by resistance R 6 ground connection, resistance R 6 and capacitor C 2 parallel connections, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q4 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q2, and its source electrode is by resistance R 7 ground connection, resistance R 7 and capacitor C 3 parallel connections, the source electrode of field effect transistor Q3 connects the live wire of input voltage Vi, and the source electrode of field effect transistor Q4 is by resistance R 8 ground connection, and resistance R 8 is in parallel with capacitor C 4.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is little power consumption AC voltage regulator theory diagram;

Fig. 2 is the voltage cutting circuit;

Fig. 3 is the simulation waveform of each point voltage of voltage cutting circuit;

Fig. 4 is a voltage cutting circuit of introducing control chip UC1825

Fig. 5 is a simulation waveform of introducing each point voltage of voltage cutting circuit of control chip UC1825;

Fig. 6 is a voltage compensating circuit;

Fig. 7 is the simulation waveform of each point voltage of voltage compensating circuit;

Fig. 8 is a voltage compensating circuit of introducing control chip UC1825

Fig. 9 is a simulation waveform of introducing each point voltage of voltage compensating circuit of control chip UC1825;

Figure 10 is the side circuit of voltage compensating circuit;

Figure 11 is the simulation waveform of the side circuit output voltage of voltage compensating circuit;

Figure 12 is the simulation waveform of the side circuit control voltage of voltage compensating circuit;

Figure 13 is several connections of field effect transistor;

The simulation waveform of output voltage when Figure 14 is several connection of field effect transistor.

Fig. 2 is the voltage cutting circuit, field effect transistor Q5, Q6 and core transformers TX1 have formed main circuit, and square wave driving signal V1, the V5 of 100KHz is added in the grid of Q5, Q6, and V2 is input sine wave voltage Vi, Vi is the sine voltage of amplitude 360V, and load R6 is connected on the source electrode of Q6.

The positive half cycle of input voltage, when driving square-wave voltage V5 was high level, Q6 saturation conduction, input voltage Vi were added in the former limit of pull-up resistor R5 and transformer TX1 by the drain-source utmost point of diode and Q6 in the body of Q5; At the negative half period of input voltage, when driving square-wave voltage V1 was high level, Q5 saturation conduction, input voltage Vi were added in the former limit of pull-up resistor R5 and transformer TX1 by the drain-source utmost point of diode and Q5 in the body of Q6.Suitably select the inductance value on the former limit of transformer and the pulsewidth of drive signal V1, V5, just the voltage on the pull-up resistor R5 is the amount of exports definite value.

The felling of transformer TX1 is connected to the active rectification circuit of being made up of Q1-Q4 ^[1]The envelope that the TX1 felling can be produced is a sine voltage for sinusoidal wave double-side band square-wave voltage Vs rectification, suitably select the no-load voltage ratio of TX1 and the pulsewidth of drive signal V1, V5, can make the sine voltage (source electrode by Q3, Q4 takes out) of active rectification circuit output be rated output voltage, this voltage and input voltage are with frequency, homophase, synchronous,, homophase same frequently with the rated voltage that resistance R 5 produces, the same width of cloth forms output voltage V o jointly.Because complete machine does not adopt iron core, do not utilize the magnetic saturation phenomenon to stablize alternating voltage, thereby can not produce the sine waveform distortion, the argumentation of relevant active rectification please refer to document [2].

Fig. 3 is the simulation waveform of each point voltage of clipper circuit, outermost layer is the input voltage Vi of amplitude 360V, cut the common output voltage V o that forms of active rectification voltage that input voltage behind the head and TX1 felling produce on the resistance R 5, the innermost layer is that the envelope that the former limit of transformer produces is sinusoidal wave double-side band square-wave voltage Vp, felling voltage Vs is n a times of Vp by the no-load voltage ratio decision of TX1.

Fig. 4 is a voltage cutting circuit of introducing UC 1825, soft start pin SS at control chip UC1825 is connected to 2u electric capacity, SS pin voltage is slowly risen, then the dutycycle of the square-wave signal of pin OUT_A, OUT_B output also slowly rises, see from the simulation waveform of Fig. 5, output voltage amplitude changes to 210V by 50V, the pulsewidth of regulating Q5, Q6 gate drive signal is described, amplitude with regard to scalable output killer voltage Vo, its essence is, as long as the control voltage of control UC1825 chip soft start pin SS, amplitude that just can control output voltage Vo.

Fig. 6 voltage compensating circuit, field effect transistor Q5, Q6 and core transformers TX1 have formed main circuit, and square wave driving signal V2, the V5 of 100KHz is added in the grid of Q5, Q6, and V3 is input sine wave voltage Vi, Vi is the sine voltage of amplitude 260V, the source ground of Q6.

The positive half cycle of input voltage, when driving square-wave voltage V5 was high level, Q6 saturation conduction, input voltage Vi were added in the former limit of transformer TX1 by the drain-source utmost point of diode and Q6 in the body of Q5; The negative half period of input voltage, when driving square-wave voltage V2 was high level, Q5 saturation conduction, input voltage Vi were added in the former limit of transformer TX1 by the drain-source utmost point of diode and Q5 in the body of Q6.

The felling of transformer TX1 is connected to the active rectification circuit of being made up of Q1-Q4 ^[1]The envelope that the TX1 felling can be produced is a sine voltage for sinusoidal wave double-side band square-wave voltage rectification, suitably select the no-load voltage ratio of TX1 and the pulsewidth of drive signal V2, V5, can make that the sine voltage of active rectification circuit output is the difference Vc (bucking voltage Vc takes out from the source electrode of Q3, Q4) of rated output voltage and input voltage, this voltage and input voltage are with frequency, homophase, after input voltage Vi stack, form rated output voltage Vo.Bucking voltage Vc one end (source electrode of Q3) connects the live wire of input voltage Vi, and the other end (source electrode of Q4) is the output terminal of output voltage V o.

Fig. 7 is the simulation waveform of each point voltage of voltage compensating circuit, the centre is the input voltage Vi of amplitude 260V, outermost layer is the rated output voltage Vo after over-compensation, the bottom is the bucking voltage Vc that the TX1 felling produces by active rectification, after this voltage and the input voltage Vi stack, form output voltage V o.

Fig. 8 is a voltage compensating circuit of introducing UC 1825, soft start pin SS at control chip UC1825 is connected to 2u electric capacity, SS pin voltage is slowly risen, then the dutycycle of the square-wave signal of pin OUT_A, OUT_B output also slowly rises, see from the simulation waveform of Fig. 9, output voltage amplitude changes to 380V by 260V, the pulsewidth of regulating Q5, Q6 gate drive signal is described, the amplitude of scalable output killer voltage Vo, its essence is, as long as the control voltage of control UC1825 chip soft start pin SS, amplitude that just can control output voltage Vo.

Embodiment

Figure 10 is the side circuit of little power consumption AC voltage regulator, and comparer U4, the U13 steamed bun wave voltage after to rectification directly compares, and on behalf of output voltage V o, V1, V2, Vb represent reference voltage V 3.

As Vb during less than V1, illustrate that output voltage V o is less than reference voltage V 3, the output Vsl of U4 is a high level, so starting U9 (add/subtract a counter), Vsl adds a counting, ever-increasing digital value enters D/A digital to analog converter U10, make the output voltage V da of digital to analog converter constantly rise, the voltage Vss that then is added in pwm chip U8 (UC1825) soft start pin SS also constantly rises, make U8 export square wave (OUT_A, OUT_B) dutycycle constantly increases, consequently the amplitude of output voltage V o also constantly increases, this process continues to carry out always, when the amplitude of output voltage V o is increased to greater than reference voltage V 3, Vb is no longer less than V1, so the output Vsl of U4 is a low level, U9 stops to add a counting, the output voltage V da of U10 remains unchanged, U8 soft start pin voltage Vss remains unchanged pin OUT_A, the dutycycle of OUT_B output square wave remains unchanged, and then output voltage V o also remains unchanged.

As Vb during greater than V2, illustrate that output voltage V o is greater than reference voltage V 3, the output Vd2 of U13 is a high level, so Vd2 starts U9 (add/subtract a counter) and subtracts a counting, ever-reduced digital value enters D/A digital to analog converter U10, make the output voltage V da of digital to analog converter constantly descend, the voltage Vss that then is added in pwm chip U8 (UC1825) soft start pin SS also constantly descends, make U8 export square wave (OUT_A, OUT_B) dutycycle constantly reduces, consequently the amplitude of output voltage V o also constantly reduces, this process continues to carry out always, when the amplitude of output voltage V o is worked energetically reference voltage V 3, Vb is no longer greater than V2, so the output Vd2 of U13 is a low level, U9 stops to subtract a counting, the output voltage V da of U10 remains unchanged, U8 soft start pin voltage Vss remains unchanged pin OUT_A, the dutycycle of OUT_B output square wave remains unchanged, and then output voltage V o also remains unchanged.

As long as output voltage V o less than reference voltage V 3, will add a counting, add the result of a counting, make Vo constantly increase, when output voltage V o is increased to more than or equal to V3, adds a counting and stop, output voltage V o remains unchanged; As long as output voltage V o is greater than reference voltage V 3, will subtract a counting, subtract the result of a counting, make Vo constantly reduce, when output voltage V o is reduced to when being less than or equal to V3, subtract a counting and stop, output voltage V o remains unchanged.The result of above-mentioned control procedure is: output voltage V b (representing output voltage V o) changes between reference voltage V 1, V2 (representing reference voltage V 3), be that output voltage V o remains on reference voltage V 3 be to change in the scope at center, the amplitude of V1, V2 has been represented this variation range, because the amplitude of voltage V1, V2 can artificially be provided with, so the variation range of output voltage V o (precision or regulation) also can artificially be provided with.

Discuss with current Power Electronic Technique, alternating voltage is can't adjust or stable (unless adopting iron core and magnetic saturation principle), and the stabilization process of above-mentioned alternating voltage (or adjustment process), only regulate the control voltage of UC1825 chip soft start pin SS, just successfully stablized alternating voltage.

Figure 11, the 12nd, the simulation waveform of little each point voltage of power consumption AC voltage regulator side circuit, upper part is a digital signal, partly is simulating signal down.

Figure 11 is input voltage Vi and output voltage V o, in first cycle, output voltage and input voltage overlap, although control signal Vsl is a high level, SS pin voltage is also slowly raising, and the dutycycle of pin OUT_A, OUT_B output square wave is less, can see from right figure, voltage Vb is less than voltage V1, and the Vss straight line rises, and output voltage V o also constantly rises; To second period, Vss rises to a certain degree, and the dutycycle of pin OUT_A, OUT_B output square wave is increased to a certain degree, output voltage V o rises to greater than reference voltage V3, and promptly Vb adds a counting and stops greater than V1, Vss no longer rises, and output voltage V o also no longer rises.Output voltage V o stable during, the control voltage Vb that represents output voltage V o is all the time between V1 that represents reference voltage V3 and V2.

Figure 12 is the corresponding relation simulation waveform of control signal V1, V2, Vb, and Vb is between V1, V2, and U9 (add/subtract a counter) stops counting, and it is constant that voltage keeps.

More than be voltage compensation side circuit control strategy in little power consumption AC voltage regulator, the control of the side circuit of voltage cutting, its control strategy is identical therewith, no longer repeats.

When input voltage Vi is within ratings, field effect transistor Q5 in the voltage cutting circuit, the grid of Q6 connect city's synchronizing signal, so field effect transistor Q5, Q6 become static switch, input voltage Vi arrives output terminal by the drain-source utmost point of field effect transistor Q5, Q6, directly output, its efficient is 100%.

Figure 13 is several connections of power MOS pipe in the side circuit.First kind of connection needs the symmetrical complement power MOS pipe, also necessary two power diodes; Second kind of connection saved two power diodes, but necessary symmetrical complement power MOS pipe; The third connection is saved two power diodes (D4, D2 are small-signal control diode), and power MOS pipe that simultaneously needn't symmetrical complement only needs N type power MOS pipe to get final product.These three kinds of connections are equivalence fully, and Figure 14 is the simulation waveform of three kinds of connection output voltages, and the output voltage of three kinds of connections is equal fully, when input voltage is identical, and synchronous, the same frequency of its output voltage, homophase, same amplitude.In actual applications, high-power, big electric current symmetrical complement power MOS pipe is not to existing, and P type power MOS pipe has only low-voltage, low power.

Little power consumption analysis: overall efficiency can be estimated as follows: establishing change range of input voltage is positive and negative 20%, because the operation of power supply is a long-time process, input voltage is got any value in operational process, Normal Distribution, therefore, input voltage near the value the 220V than at (1-20%) and the value (1+20%) much more, when counting yield, the calculating of can averaging, promptly positive and negative 10%.

1) when input voltage during greater than rated voltage, the voltage cutting circuit start, it is higher by 10% than rated voltage to establish input voltage, and what then this exceeded 10% is scaled off by clipper circuit, and this part that scales off will be carried out Power Conversion, is transformed into the output of ratings alternating voltage.Because it is different fully with traditional inverse method that little power consumption AC voltage regulator obtains the method for alternating voltage, needn't pass through the AC/DC conversion, also needn't pass through the DC/AC conversion, need only can obtain alternating voltage through an active rectification, its efficient is much larger than classic method, if the efficient of classic method is 90%, then the efficient of active rectification method is 95% (this is a kind of relatively more conservative estimation), then this scale off this partly the power attenuation Pq of voltage in carrying out power conversion process be: Pq=10%* (1-95%)=0.1*0.05=0.005=0.5%, hence one can see that, and the power attenuation that scales off this part voltage is 0.5%.Input voltage cuts the residue part behind the head, amplitude equals rated voltage, directly arrives output terminal, becomes output power, this a part of voltage itself is not through any Power Conversion, its conversion efficiency can be considered 100%, and its consumption is zero, so above-mentioned scaling off carried out Power Conversion loss partly, also be the total losses of whole voltage cutting circuit, promptly 0,5%, so overall efficiency is 99.5%.

2) when input voltage during less than ratings, voltage compensating circuit starts, and it is lower by 10% than rated voltage to send out input voltage, and then this is lower than 10% voltage and is compensated by compensating circuit.The process that produces bucking voltage is identical, and its efficient also is 99.5%, no longer repeats herein.Input voltage is after over-compensation, and amplitude equals rated voltage, directly arrives output terminal, and through any Power Conversion, its conversion efficiency not can be considered 100% to input voltage itself, so the total efficiency of whole compensating circuit also is 99.5%.

3) when input voltage is within rated range, the grid of field effect transistor Q5 in the voltage cutting circuit, Q6 (please refer to Fig. 2) adds the square wave control signal synchronous with civil power, then Q5, Q6 become a static switch, and input ac voltage directly arrives output terminal, and overall efficiency can be considered 100%.

4) with respect to three kinds of different operational modes, three kinds of different efficient are arranged, 99.5%, 99.5%, 100%, because little power consumption AC voltage regulator is a moment, have only a kind of operational mode, the efficient in above-mentioned three kinds of patterns all is overall efficiency, and this just means, operate under the different mode, overall efficiency is different.If average, then overall efficiency is 99.75%.

The main circuit of little power consumption AC voltage regulator does not adopt the PWM conversion, utilizes the stable DC voltage method to stablize alternating voltage simultaneously, is a big characteristic of little power consumption AC voltage regulator.Although the fluctuation range of input voltage Vi is positive and negative 20%, but the time of input voltage in rated range is the longest, be that overall efficiency is that time of 100% is the longest, so in actual motion, overall efficiency is 99.5% more much higher than above-mentioned estimation, actual motion can be near 100%, and fame follows merit for little power consumption AC voltage regulator.

Claims

1. a little power consumption AC voltage regulator does not adopt Industrial Frequency Transformer or frequency inductance, it is characterized in that: little power consumption AC voltage regulator is made up of voltage cutting circuit and voltage compensation voltage, voltage cutting circuit and voltage compensating circuit connect in parallel.

2. little power consumption AC voltage regulator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the voltage cutting circuit is by field effect transistor Q1-Q6, element was formed around core transformers TX1 reached, field effect transistor Q5, the drain electrode of Q6 links, the source electrode of the one termination field effect transistor Q5 on the former limit of transformer TX1, another termination input voltage Vi, the other end ground connection of input voltage Vi, resistance R 6 and capacitor C 2 parallel connections, one end ground connection, the source electrode of another termination field effect transistor Q6, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q1 and field effect transistor Q2 links, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q3 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q1, its source electrode passes through resistance R 7 ground connection, resistance R 7 and capacitor C 3 parallel connections, and the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q4 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q2, its source electrode is by resistance R 8 ground connection, resistance R 8 and capacitor C 4 parallel connections, the source ground of field effect transistor Q3, the source electrode of field effect transistor Q4 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q6.

3. little power consumption AC voltage regulator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: voltage compensating circuit is by field effect transistor Q1-Q6, element was formed around core transformers TX1 reached, field effect transistor Q5, the drain electrode of Q6 links, the source electrode of the one termination field effect transistor Q5 on the former limit of transformer TX1, another termination input voltage Vi, the other end ground connection of input voltage Vi, the source ground of field effect transistor Q6, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q1 and field effect transistor Q2 links, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q3 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q1, and its source electrode is by resistance R 6 ground connection, resistance R 6 and capacitor C 2 parallel connections, the drain electrode of field effect transistor Q4 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor Q2, its source electrode passes through resistance R 7 ground connection, resistance R 7 and capacitor C 3 parallel connections, and the source electrode of field effect transistor Q3 connects the live wire of input voltage Vi, the source electrode of field effect transistor Q4 is by resistance R 8 ground connection, and resistance R 8 is in parallel with capacitor C 4.