CN102272244B - 抗微生物溶剂涂料组合物 - Google Patents

抗微生物溶剂涂料组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102272244B
CN102272244B CN200980154283.2A CN200980154283A CN102272244B CN 102272244 B CN102272244 B CN 102272244B CN 200980154283 A CN200980154283 A CN 200980154283A CN 102272244 B CN102272244 B CN 102272244B
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antimicrobial
approximately
coating
solvent coating
solvent
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CN102272244A (zh
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D·T-T·奥-扬
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Becton Dickinson and Co
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Becton Dickinson and Co
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    • A61L29/00Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
    • A61L29/08Materials for coatings
    • A61L29/085Macromolecular materials
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Abstract

公开了抗微生物组合物和方法。所述抗微生物组合物在向广泛的医疗器械提供抗微生物能力方面特别有用。在一个方面中,本发明涉及使用丙烯酸酯型温和溶液涂料的温和溶剂涂料。如果需要,这些组合物包括流变改性剂。所述组合物还包括抗微生物试剂,所述抗微生物试剂可选自多种试剂。代表性的抗微生物试剂包括氯化十六烷基吡啶、西曲溴铵、阿来西定、氯己定二乙酸盐、苯扎氯铵和邻苯二甲醛。另外,所述组合物包含一种或多种合适的温和溶剂例如低分子量醇、链烷烃、酮以及它们的组合。

Description

抗微生物溶剂涂料组合物
发明背景
本发明涉及抗微生物组合物和在各种医疗应用中使用这些组合物的方法。现代医学治疗的一个主要挑战是控制感染和微生物有机体的传播。
始终存在这种挑战的一个领域是各种类型的输液治疗。输液治疗是一种最普通的健康护理程序。就医、家庭护理和其他患者通过插入血管系统中的血管接入器械来接收流体、医药品和血液产品。可使用输液治疗来治疗感染、提供麻醉或使得痛觉缺失、提供营养支持、治疗肿瘤的生长、保持血压和心律、或用于许多其他临床上重要的用途。
通过血管接入器械可方便输液治疗。所述血管接入器械可接入患者的外周或中心血管系统。所述血管接入器械可短期(数天)、中期(数周)或长期(数月到数年)留置。可将所述血管接入器械用于连续输液治疗或间歇治疗。
普通的血脉接入器械是一种置入患者静脉内的塑料导管。所述导管的长度可从用于外周接入的几个厘米到用于中心接入的许多厘米。所述导管可经皮植入或通过外科手术植入患者皮肤之下。所述导管或连接到所述导管的任意一种其他血管接入器械可具有单一内腔或多个内腔以用于同时输入多种流体。
血管接入器械通常包括可连接到其他医疗器械的Luer适配器。例如,可将给药设备可一端连接到血管接入器械,而另一端连接脉注射物(IV)袋。所述给药设备是用于连续灌输流体和医药品的流体导管。通常,IV接入器械是可连接到另一个血管接入器械的血管接入器械,其可关闭所述血管接入器械并使得可间歇灌输或注射流体和医药品。IV辅助器械可包括外壳和用于关闭所述系统的隔片。所述隔片可用医疗装置的钝套管或阳式Luer打开。
当血管接入器械的隔片不能正常打开或设计特征具有缺陷时,可造成特定的并发症。与输液治疗相关的并发症可造成明显的病态,甚至死亡。一种显著的并发症是导管相关性血流感染(CRBSI)。在美国的医院中每年发生大约250000~400000个与BSI相关的中心静脉导管(CVC)病例。
通过在安装期间提供具有适当功能的隔片和/或利用其他医疗器械提供血管接入器械的接入,使得目前的血管接入器械可阻止并发症例如造成CRBSI的感染。正确地发挥功能的隔片在安装期间和/或通过其他医疗器械接入期间可部分地充当血管接入器械的内部和外部环境的感染屏障。通过适当发挥感染屏障的作用,隔片将CRBSI和其他并发症降至最低。
IV辅助器械可包括外壳和用于关闭所述系统的隔片。所述隔片可利用医疗器械的钝套管或阳氏Luer来打开。血管接入器械可充当感染的滋生地,导致散布式BSI(血流感染)。因难以有规律地对所述器械进行冲洗、未消毒的置入技术、或因通过所述通道的任一端进入流体流动通道并随后进入导管置入物中的病原体可造成这种情况。当血管接入器械发生污染时,病原体粘附到所述血管接入器械,发生繁殖并形成生物膜。所述生物膜可抵抗大部分生物杀灭剂并为病原体提供了补充来源而进入到患者血流中,造成BSI。
在过去35年间,通常的实践是将热塑性聚氨酯溶液用作抗微生物涂料的载体。溶剂通常为四氢呋喃(THF)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)或所述两者的共混物。因为THF能够非常快速被氧化且非常易于爆炸,所以需要昂贵的防爆涂覆设施。苛刻的溶剂也会攻击大部分聚合物材料,所述聚合物材料包括聚氨酯、有机硅、聚异戊二烯、丁基橡胶、聚碳酸酯、聚氯乙烯、PET和丙烯酸系材料。因此,由这些材料制成的医疗器械能够变形和/或在其表面上形成微裂缝。这种涂料的另一个问题是将溶剂完全热蒸发掉需要花费几乎24小时。因此,常规技术永远存在加工和性能的问题。
另一个限制是合适的抗微生物试剂在这种涂料中的可用性。在涂覆医疗器械中所使用的最常用的抗微生物试剂是银。银盐和银元素在医疗外科行业和普通行业两者中都是熟知的抗微生物试剂。通常将它们并入聚合物本体材料中或通过等离子体、热蒸发、电镀、或通过常规的溶剂涂覆技术将其涂覆在医疗器械表面上。这些技术冗长、昂贵且环境不友好。
另外,银涂覆的医疗器械的性能至多算作中等。例如,在由银盐或银元素的离子化而得到的银离子实现作为抗微生物试剂的功效之前,需花费高达8小时。因此,在银涂层恰好发挥功效之前,大量的微生物活性也已发生。此外,银化合物或银元素具有从暗琥珀色到黑色的令人不悦的颜色。
因此,本领域中需要改进的组合物以为各种医疗器械、尤其是关于输液治疗的器械提供抗微生物能力。还需要一种改良方法,以将这种抗微生物涂料施涂到医疗器械上。
发明概述
针对本领域中通过目前可获得的抗微生物组合物和方法尚未完全解决的问题和需要,完成了本发明。因此,通过提供改进的抗微生物组合物和方法,开发了这些组合物和方法以减少诸如CRBSI的并发症的危险和几率。
在一个方面中,本发明包括具有抗微生物性能的温和溶剂丙烯酸酯型涂料。该涂料也适合在医疗器械、尤其是在上面描述和讨论的类型的血管内接入辅助器械例如无针阀上使用。待涂覆的医疗器械自身由聚合物基材例如聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和丙烯酸系材料构成。然后,利用所述温和溶剂丙烯酸酯型涂料对它们的表面进行涂覆,所述涂料含有均匀分布在其整个基体中的抗微生物试剂。所述抗微生物试剂能够扩散通过所述基体并杀死与所述涂料表面接触的微观有机体。
本发明的制剂是丙烯酸酯型温和溶剂涂料,其对许多塑料表面(包括PC、PU、PVC和丙烯酸系材料)具有良好的粘附力。在某些实施方案中,所述温和溶剂选自一种或多种低分子量醇(例如乙醇和异丙醇)、链烷烃(例如戊烷和庚烷)、酮(例如丙酮)以及它们的组合。所述溶剂通常占全部溶液的40%以下。
在某些实施方案中,还能够在约60℃下将所述涂料干燥小于约10分钟。在一个实例中,所述制剂由丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯型聚合物、流变改性剂和抗微生物试剂组成,所述丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯型聚合物作为在一种或多种温和溶剂(例如异丙醇)中的涂料树脂。纳米级或微米级的抗微生物试剂颗粒均匀并永久地分布在整个涂料基体中。
通过使用其他常规涂覆方法能够将涂料溶液喷施、擦拭、浸渍或分布以涂覆基材的表面。在特定实施方案中,在室温或在约60℃下将所述涂料溶液干燥约10分钟以下。所述涂料通常比市场上通常用于IV接入器械中的银元素或银化合物的涂料更有效。所述涂料还具有令人舒适的浅颜色或者甚至是透明色。
发明详述
本发明的这种详细说明为上述的本发明的各个方面提供了附加说明。
如上所述,本发明包含温和溶剂抗微生物涂料。所述抗微生物溶剂涂料包含丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物、流变改性剂和抗微生物试剂。通常,所述丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物选自丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、羟基(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和甲氧基肉桂酸烷基酯丙烯酸酯(alkyl methoxycinnamate acrylate)。所述烷基能够具有0~22个碳数(0是指氢,1是指甲基,2是指乙基,3是指丙基等),但优选0~6的数,更优选0~3。
在所述组合物中,所述流变改性剂通常选自有机粘土、蓖麻蜡、聚酰胺蜡、聚氨酯和热解二氧化硅。所述流变改性剂的存在量可以为所述涂料干重的约0.2%~约30%。所述干重即一旦溶剂蒸发掉时涂料的重量。在特定的其他实施方案中,所述流变改性剂的存在量可以为所述涂料干重的约0.2%~约20%。在特定的其他实施方案中,所述流变改性剂的存在量可以为所述涂料干重的约0.2%~约10%。
所述抗微生物试剂通常选自醛、N-酰苯胺、双胍、银、银化合物、双酚、和季铵化合物。在特定实施方案中,所述抗微生物试剂优选选自氯化十六烷基吡啶、西曲溴铵、苯扎氯铵、阿来西定、氯己定二乙酸盐和邻苯二甲醛。
所述抗微生物试剂在所述组合物中的存在量可为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约50%。在其他实施方案中,所述抗微生物试剂在所述组合物中存在的量为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约30%。在特定其他实施方案中,所述抗微生物试剂存在的量为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约20%。最后,在特定的优选实施方案中,所述抗微生物试剂存在的量为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约7.0%。
如上所述,在某些实施方案中,在施涂到医疗器械之前,将本发明的制剂在温和溶剂中进行混合。尽管所述温和溶剂可包含能够溶解所述丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物的任何溶剂,但是温和溶剂的一些合适实例包括一种或多种低分子量醇、链烷烃、酮以及它们的组合。合适的低分子量醇的一些实例包含甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇和丁醇。因为甲醇蒸发相对快,然而,在所有的实施方案中甲醇并不是优选的。相反,在目前某些优选的实施方案中,所述醇包含乙醇或异丙醇。合适的低分子量链烷烃的一些合适实例包含戊烷、己烷、庚烷以及它们的异构体。事实上,在某些优选实施方案中,所述温和溶剂包含己烷或庚烷。另外,合适的低分子量酮的实例是丙酮。然而,在溶剂包含丙酮的实施方案中,所述溶剂优选还包含另一种温和溶剂例如醇或链烷烃。
因为几个原因而优选上述溶剂。在一个实例中,上述溶剂在包含PC、PU、PVC或另一种类似物质的医疗器械上比一些常规溶剂(例如四氢呋喃(THF)和二甲基甲酰胺(DMF))温和。换言之,与一些常规溶剂(例如THF和DMF)相比,上述溶剂更不容易使得施涂所述溶剂的医疗器械发生变形或产生裂缝。
在另一个实例中,上述温和溶剂可比其他常规溶剂蒸发地更快。因此,使用上述温和溶剂时涂覆方法更迅速。在还另一个实例中,上述温和溶剂比特定的其他常规溶剂(例如THF和DMF)毒性更小且更不易爆炸。
至于其他公开的组合物,均匀分布在聚合物基体中的抗微生物试剂在基体因IV流体或其他类型的流体发生软化时逐渐从基体中扩散出去,并将与涂料表面接触的微生物杀死。
表1的数据显示了使用各种抗微生物试剂的各种组合物的功效。各种组合物包括丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物、流变改性剂、异丙醇和所列出的抗微生物试剂。
表1在制剂中使用不同抗微生物试剂对表皮葡萄球菌的接触杀灭(%)
*1.NG=未生长(所有的微生物都已经被杀死)
*2.ND=无数据
以下为在本发明的范围内的代表性制剂:
1.丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液,例如Lubrizol's Avalure AC-315,在异丙醇中为20重量%(Lubrizol Advanced Materials,Inc.Cleveland,OH);
2.流变改性剂,例如Cabot的TS-720,10重量%的固体丙烯酸酯共聚物;
3.抗微生物试剂,例如阿来西定或西曲溴铵或氯化十六烷基吡啶,7重量%的固体丙烯酸酯共聚物。
所述丙烯酸酯型聚合物、共聚物或聚合物树脂应溶于一种或多种上述温和溶剂(例如普通的低分子量醇如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等;低分子量链烷烃如戊烷、庚烷、己烷等;和/或简单的酮如丙酮)。优选地,所述聚合物应不溶于水。所述聚合物或共聚物能够为丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、羟基(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯或甲氧基肉桂酸烷基酯丙烯酸酯等。实例为Lubrizol的Avalure AC-315和NationalStarch and Chemical Company的Dermacryl79(Bridgewater,N.J.)。
所述流变改性剂能够为有机粘土、蓖麻蜡、聚酰胺蜡、聚氨酯、
热解二氧化硅等。所述改性剂的量能够为所述温和溶剂涂料干重的30%以下,优选小于20%,最优选为温和溶剂干重的约0.2%~约10%。
所述抗微生物试剂能够为用于制剂的醛、N-酰苯胺、双胍、银元素或其化合物、双酚、和季铵化合物。优选的试剂可为氯化十六烷基吡啶、西曲溴铵、苯扎氯铵、阿来西定、氯己定二乙酸盐或邻苯二甲醛。所述试剂在制剂中的量应小于温和溶剂涂料干重的50%,优选小于30%,最优选约0.5%~约20%。
可在不背离如本文中所广泛描述的和下文中所要求保护的本发明的结构、方法或其他基本特征的条件下以其他具体形式对本发明进行改变。所述实施方案在各方面都仅是示例性的,而不是限制性的。因此,本发明的范围由附属的权利要求书来限定,而不是由上述说明限定。在与权利要求书等价的含义和范围内的所有变化都包括在本发明的范围内。

Claims (17)

1.抗微生物溶剂涂料,其包含以下物质的混合物:
与丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物、流变改性剂和温和溶剂物理共混的抗微生物试剂;其中所述抗微生物溶剂涂料包含的流变改性剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.2%~约20%,所述流变改性剂选自有机粘土、蓖麻蜡、聚酰胺蜡、聚氨酯和热解二氧化硅,且其中至少一部分所述抗微生物试剂在所述抗微生物溶剂涂料固化之后能够扩散出所述抗微生物溶剂涂料。
2.权利要求1的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物选自丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、羟基(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和甲氧基肉桂酸烷基酯丙烯酸酯。
3.权利要求1的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述抗微生物试剂选自醛、N-酰苯胺、双胍、银、银化合物、双酚和季铵化合物。
4.权利要求1的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述抗微生物试剂选自氯化十六烷基吡啶、西曲溴铵、苯扎氯铵、阿来西定、氯己定二乙酸盐和邻苯二甲醛。
5.权利要求1的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述温和溶剂选自低分子量醇、低分子量链烷烃、简单酮以及它们的组合。
6.权利要求1的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述组合物包含的流变改性剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.2%~约10%。
7.权利要求1的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述组合物包含的抗微生物试剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约50%。
8.权利要求1的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述组合物包含的抗微生物试剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约30%。
9.权利要求1的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述组合物包含的抗微生物试剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约7.0%。
10.抗微生物溶剂涂料,其包含以下物质的混合物:
与丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物物理共混的约0.5%~约50干重%的抗微生物试剂、约0.2%~约20干重%的流变改性剂,和温和溶剂,其中所述流变改性剂选自有机粘土、蓖麻蜡、聚酰胺蜡、聚氨酯和热解二氧化硅。
11.权利要求10的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物选自丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、羟基(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和甲氧基肉桂酸烷基酯丙烯酸酯。
12.权利要求11的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述烷基具有1~22的碳数。
13.权利要求11的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述烷基具有1~3的碳数。
14.权利要求10的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述组合物包含的流变改性剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.2%~约10%。
15.权利要求10的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述组合物包含的抗微生物试剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约20%。
16.权利要求10的抗微生物溶剂涂料,其中所述组合物包含的抗微生物试剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.5%~约7.0%。
17.抗微生物溶剂涂料,包含:
与丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物、流变改性剂和温和溶剂物理共混的抗微生物试剂,所述抗微生物试剂选自醛、N-酰苯胺、双胍、银、银化合物、双酚和季铵化合物;所述丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物选自丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、羟基(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和甲氧基肉桂酸烷基酯丙烯酸酯;所述流变改性剂选自有机粘土、蓖麻蜡、聚酰胺蜡、聚氨酯和热解二氧化硅;所述温和溶剂选自低分子量醇、低分子量链烷烃、简单酮以及它们的组合,其中所述组合物包含的流变改性剂的量为所述涂料干重的约0.2%~约20%,且其中至少一部分所述抗微生物试剂能够扩散出所述抗微生物溶剂涂料。
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