CN102255361A - Method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries and equalizer - Google Patents
Method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries and equalizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102255361A CN102255361A CN2011102045639A CN201110204563A CN102255361A CN 102255361 A CN102255361 A CN 102255361A CN 2011102045639 A CN2011102045639 A CN 2011102045639A CN 201110204563 A CN201110204563 A CN 201110204563A CN 102255361 A CN102255361 A CN 102255361A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for equalizing the electric quantity of batteries. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing series single batteries to be equalized into a plurality of battery sub-groups in a mode of taking even batteries as a group; detecting terminal voltages of all battery sub-groups, discharging the battery sub-groups having high voltages, and transferring redundant electric quantity to the battery sub-groups having low voltages to equalize the electric quantity of all battery sub-groups; detecting the terminal voltages of all single batteries in all battery sub-groups, discharging the single batteries having high terminal voltages in all battery sub-groups, and transferring the redundant electric quantity to the single batteries having low terminal voltages in the battery sub-groups to equalize the electric quantity of all single batteries in the battery sub-groups; and cyclically executing equalization of the electric quantity among the groups and equalization of the electric quantity in the groups until the electric quantity of all series single batteries is equalized. Moreover, the invention provides a corresponding equalizer. The method and the equalizer provided by the invention are simple and easy to operate, low in cost, high in equalization speed and high in equalization accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the battery technology field, relate in particular to a kind of battery electric quantity equalization methods and equalizer.
Background technology
Battery pack normally is in series by a plurality of monocells.Because the restriction of production technology, the performance between the cell just there are differences when producing.In addition, because the heterogeneity of battery pack internal environment makes battery pack in use can cause the increasing of the performance difference between each cell, thereby influences the performance of whole battery group.Therefore, must between cell, carry out equilibrium control, to reduce the otherness between the cell.
The working method of at present common battery equalizer is: by gathering the voltage of each cell, the energy of high voltage cell is transferred in the cell of low-voltage by energy-storage units, and then realized the equilibrium of voltage between two or more cells.But the topological structure imperfection of the switching tube of this method, thereby there are problems such as the accuracy of equalization is all not high, balancing speed is unhappy, cost height.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that the equalizer equalizes precision is not high on the market, balancing speed is unhappy, cost is high, the invention provides a kind of battery electric quantity equalization methods and equalizer, with the purpose that reaches the balancing speed that improves battery electric quantity and the accuracy of equalization, reduces cost.
In order to realize above purpose, battery electric quantity equalization methods provided by the invention comprises: step 1, will treat in the battery pack balanced series connection cell become a plurality of batteries groups according to even number one component; Step 2, detect the terminal voltage of each battery group, and the terminal voltage of each battery group compared with the terminal voltage of other battery group respectively, judging difference between these two whether within the scope of equalization request, if, then execution in step 4, otherwise execution in step 3 and step 4; Step 3, the high battery of terminal voltage group is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the low battery group of terminal voltage, so that the electric weight equilibrium of each battery group; Step 4, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in each battery group, and with the terminal voltage of each cell respectively with this battery group in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if, then execution in step 6, otherwise execution in step 5 and step 6; Step 5, the high cell of terminal voltage in each battery group is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the low cell of terminal voltage in this battery group, so that the electric weight equilibrium of each cell in this battery group; Step 6, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if then finish equilibrium, otherwise jump to step 2 to battery electric quantity.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of equalizer, described equalizer is by treating in the battery pack that balanced series connection cell becomes a plurality of battery groups that described battery pack is carried out the electric weight equilibrium according to even number one component, described equalizer comprises: switch in the group of each battery group, a plurality of positive switch and a plurality of negative switch that cell number during switch comprises quantity and this battery is organized in the group of each battery group equates, one end of described a plurality of positive switch is connected to the positive pole of each cell in this battery group respectively, the other end is connected to each other together, one end of described a plurality of negative switch is connected to the negative pole of each cell in this battery group respectively, and the other end is connected to each other together; Be connected switch between a plurality of groups between each battery group, be connected between two positive switch tie points of per two batteries group or between two negative switch tie points of per two batteries group; A plurality of electric capacity are connected between the positive switch tie point and negative switch tie point of each battery group; The A/D sample circuit, the terminal voltage that is used to gather each battery group or cell; And control unit, be used to control the closed and disconnected of each switch, with between the terminal voltage control battery group of gathering and the electric weight equilibrium between the cell in the battery group according to the A/D sample circuit.
Preferably, described control unit is carried out following control operation: step 1, disconnect switch and the interior switch of group between all groups; Step 2, the terminal voltage of each battery group after the collection battery group, whether there is voltage difference between two battery of sequence detection group according to the sub-group # of battery, if exist, switch in the group of the battery group both sides that terminal voltage is high in switch and this two battery groups between the group between then at first closed these two battery groups, so that the high battery group of terminal voltage is given the electric capacity charging between these two battery groups, disconnect switch and the high sub interior switch of group of organizing both sides of battery of described terminal voltage between the group between these two battery groups then, switch in the group of the battery group both sides that terminal voltage is low in closed again these two battery groups is so that the voltage at the electric capacity two ends between these two battery groups is transferred to the low battery group of terminal voltage; Repeat above step, the electric weight equilibrium between per two batteries group; Switch between step 3, disconnection group is so that each battery group is isolated from each other; Step 4, the terminal voltage of gathering the cell in each battery group, whether there is voltage difference between two cells of sequence detection according to the cell numbering in the battery group, if exist, switch in the group of the cell both sides that terminal voltage is high in then closed these two cells, disconnect the interior switch of group of the high cell both sides of described terminal voltage then, and switch in the group of the cell both sides that terminal voltage is low in closed these two cells; Repeat above step, the electric weight equilibrium of per two cells in each battery group; Step 5, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if, then finish equilibrium to battery electric quantity, otherwise jump to step 1, the time for balance of each cell in wherein, the time for balance of each battery group and each battery are organized is provided with according to the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery group two ends and the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity at each the cell two ends that is attempted by each battery group respectively.
The present invention can obtain following technique effect:
(1) electric weight between balanced earlier two battery pack of the present invention, the electric weight of two joint cells in respectively balanced again each battery pack, and the equilibrium between the two joint cells in each battery pack can be carried out simultaneously, thereby improved balancing speed and efficient, shortened time for balance; (2) accuracy of equalization is higher, and is easy to control;
(3) the inventive method is simple, and circuit structure is simple, and is with low cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of battery electric quantity equalization methods of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the equalizer of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below, describe the present invention with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of battery electric quantity equalization methods of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, at first, treat that balanced series connection cell divides into groups for one group according to even number in step S101, with battery pack, that is, be divided into a plurality of batteries groups.
Then, in step S102, detect the terminal voltage of each battery group, and the terminal voltage of in step S103 each battery being organized compares with the terminal voltage that other battery is organized respectively, with judge between these two difference whether within the scope of equalization request (such as, whether less than 0.2V), if, execution in step S105-S106 then, otherwise execution in step S104-S106.
In step S104, the high battery of terminal voltage group is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the low battery group of terminal voltage so that the electric weight equilibrium of each battery group, promptly realize between the group of battery group voltage balanced earlier.
Here, in order to ensure the appropriateness in the electric weight balancing procedure or accuracy be easy to control, can realize that the electric weight between each battery group shifts by the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery group two ends.When the electric weight between each battery group was balanced, the transfer of electric weight no longer took place in electric voltage equalization between electric capacity, thereby had realized the self regulating and control between the battery group, and this mode is simple, and has the higher accuracy of equalization.
In this case, the time of discharging and recharging according to the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery group two ends is provided with the time for balance that each battery is organized, so that the time for balance of each battery group is slightly longer than the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery group two ends, thereby guarantee to carry out up hill and dale equilibrium, and control each battery group according to the time for balance of each battery group and carry out the electric weight transfer, thereby reach dynamic equalization.Here, the time of discharging and recharging of electric capacity can be observed by oscilloscope and be obtained.
In addition, because battery is organized in charging and discharging process, the voltage of each cell is constantly changing all the time, so can judge that when the whole pressure reduction between each battery group narrows down in the restricted portion electric weight between the sub-group of battery reaches balanced.Specifically, whether the electric weight that can judge each battery group in charge and discharge process in the following manner is balanced: after electric weight shifts between battery pack, each son group terminal voltage after the detection battery group, and the terminal voltage of one of them battery group compared with the terminal voltage of other each battery group respectively, to judge that difference between this two batteries group is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, then judge the electric weight equilibrium between each battery group, otherwise judge that the electric weight between each battery group is unbalanced.
In step S105, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in each battery group, and in step S106 with the terminal voltage of each cell respectively with this battery group in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if, execution in step S108 then, otherwise execution in step S107 and S108.
In step S107, the high cell of terminal voltage in each battery group is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the low cell of terminal voltage in this battery group, so that the electric weight equilibrium of each cell in this battery group.
Here, same, electric capacity that can be by being attempted by each cell two ends will more than electric weight transfer on the low cell of terminal voltage from the high cell of terminal voltage.In this case, the time for balance of each cell was set according to time of discharging and recharging of the electric capacity that is attempted by each cell two ends, so that the time for balance of each cell is slightly longer than the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each cell two ends, and controls each cell according to the time for balance of each cell and carry out the electric weight transfer.
Equally, because battery group is in charging and discharging process, the voltage of each cell is constantly changing all the time, reaches equilibrium so can judge the electric weight between this battery each cell in organizing when the whole pressure reduction between each cell in each battery group narrows down to restricted portion in.Specifically, whether the electric weight that can judge each cell in the battery group in charge and discharge process in the following manner is balanced: after electric weight shifts between the cell in this battery group, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in this battery group, and with the terminal voltage of each cell in this battery group respectively with this battery group in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, then judge the electric weight equilibrium of this battery group, otherwise judge that the electric weight of this battery group is unbalanced.
In step S108, judge whether the electric weight of all cells is balanced, if then finish equilibrium, otherwise jump to step S102 to battery electric quantity.
With last identical, whether the electric weight that can judge all cells in the following manner is balanced: the terminal voltage that detects all cells, and the terminal voltage of each cell and the terminal voltage of other cell compared, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, then judge the electric weight equilibrium of all cells, otherwise judge that the electric weight of all cells is unbalanced.
In order to realize above method, the invention provides a kind of equalizer.This equalizer comprises the interior switch of the group of the sub-group of each battery, is connected switch, a plurality of electric capacity, A/D sample circuit and control unit between a plurality of groups between each battery group.Wherein, a plurality of positive switch and a plurality of negative switch that cell number during switch comprises quantity and this battery is organized in the group of each battery group equates, one end of described a plurality of positive switch is connected to the positive pole of each cell in this battery group respectively, the other end is connected to each other together, one end of described a plurality of negative switch is connected to the negative pole of each cell in this battery group respectively, and the other end is connected to each other together.Between two negative switch tie points that switch is connected between sub two the positive switch tie points organizing of per two batteries or per two batteries is organized between described a plurality of groups.Described a plurality of electric capacity is connected between the positive switch tie point and negative switch tie point of each battery group.Described A/D sample circuit is used to gather the terminal voltage of each battery group or cell.Described control unit is used to control the closed and disconnected of each switch, controls between the battery group and the electric weight equilibrium between the cell in the battery group with the terminal voltage of gathering according to the A/D sample circuit.
Here point out, described control unit and A/D sample circuit can utilize the single-chip microcomputer that is integrated with A/D sampling function to realize, at this moment, single-chip microcomputer also utilizes A/D sampling function integrated on the single-chip microcomputer to replace each the battery group of above-mentioned A/D sample circuit collection series connection or the terminal voltage of each cell except the function that realizes described control unit.In addition, all switches can be realized with for example switching tube or other components and parts that can be used as switch.
Below be specifically described with the concrete operations of equalizer shown in Figure 2 control unit.In circuit shown in Figure 2, treat that the battery pack of equilibrium is connected by 4 batteries.48V among Fig. 2,36V, 24V and 12V be meant respectively and respectively save the current potential of cell with respect to ground, and wherein, for example to mean several from left to right the 4th batteries be 48V with respect to the current potential on ground to 48V, also i.e. four batteries voltage sums.These current potentials all collect by A/D sample circuit (not shown among Fig. 2).In one embodiment, use 16 A/D sample circuit, the A/D error is dropped to below the 4mV, the accuracy of equalization can reach in 0.1, and use 10 A/D sample circuit, A/D sampling error can only reach 10mv, the accuracy of equalization can only reach 0.2～0.3.From these current potentials as can be known, the voltage at each cell two ends of series connection is 12V.Below, will several the 1st batteries, the 2nd batteries, the 3rd batteries and the 4th batteries be called 48V cell, 36V cell, 24V cell and 12V cell from a left side respectively.
Equalizer is divided into two son groups with 4 batteries shown in Figure 2, that is, the 48V cell is the first son group with connecting of 36V cell, notes by abridging to be Gp2, and the 24V cell is the second son group with connecting of 12V cell, notes by abridging to be Gp1.Q1～Q10 is a switching tube, and wherein, the end of Q1 and Q3 is connected to the 12V cell in second group and the negative pole of 24V cell respectively, other end interconnection; The end of Q2 and Q4 is connected to the 12V cell in second group and the positive pole of 24V cell respectively, other end interconnection; Capacitor C 2 is connected between the tie point of the tie point of Q1 and Q3 and Q2 and Q4; The end of Q5 and Q7 is connected to the 36V cell in first group and the negative pole of 48V cell respectively, other end interconnection; The end of Q6 and Q8 is connected to the 36V cell in first group and the positive pole of 48V cell respectively, other end interconnection; Capacitor C 1 is connected between the tie point of the tie point of Q5 and Q7 and Q6 and Q8; Q9 is connected between the tie point of the tie point of Q1 and Q3 and Q5 and Q7; Q10 is connected between the tie point of the tie point of Q2 and Q4 and Q6 and Q8.
Followingly the concrete operations of control unit are described with reference to Fig. 2.
Step 1, disconnect all switch Q1-Q10.
The terminal voltage of each battery group after step 2, the collection battery group, it is the both end voltage of Gp1 and Gp2, if the Gp1 both end voltage is greater than the Gp2 both end voltage, execution in step S104 then, balanced between organizing: as at first to make following switch closure: Q4, Q10, Q1 and Q9, give capacitor C 1 charging Gp1, disconnect Q4, Q10, Q1 and Q9 then.At this moment, for the C1 both end voltage is transferred to Gp2, need closed following switch: Q8 and Q5.Otherwise, if the Gp2 both end voltage greater than the Gp1 both end voltage, execution in step S104 then, balanced between organizing: as at first to make following switch closure: Q8, Q10, Q5 and Q9, give capacitor C 2 chargings Gp2, disconnect Q8, Q10, Q5 and Q9 then.At this moment, for the C2 both end voltage is transferred to Gp1, need closed following switch: Q4 and Q1.Make battery organize the electric weight equilibrium of Gp1 and Gp2 at last.
Switch Q9 and Q10 between step 3, disconnection group so that each battery group is isolated from each other, think that the interior equilibrium of group of follow-up battery group is prepared.
Step 4, the both end voltage of gathering monomer in Gp1 and the Gp2.For Gp1, need to gather the both end voltage of 12V and two cells of 24V, if V1 (both end voltage of 12V)＞V2 (24V battery both end voltage), then execution in step S 107, organize interior equilibrium: need Closing Switch Q1 and Q2, cut-off switch Q1 and Q2, and closed Q3 and Q4 then, and then make and reach balance between V1 and the V2.On the contrary, if V2＞V1, execution in step S107 then, organize interior equilibrium: need Closing Switch Q3 and Q4, cut-off switch Q3 and Q4, and closed Q1 and Q2 then, and then make and reach balance between V1 and the V2.For Gp2, need to gather the both end voltage of 36V and two cells of 48V, if V3 (both end voltage of 36V)＞V4 (48V battery both end voltage), execution in step S107 then, organize interior equilibrium: need Closing Switch Q5 and Q6, cut-off switch Q5 and Q6, and Closing Switch Q7 and Q8 then, and then make and reach balance between V3 and the V4.On the contrary, if V4＞V3, execution in step S107 then, organize interior equilibrium: need Closing Switch Q7 and Q8, cut-off switch Q7 and Q8, and Closing Switch Q5 and Q6 then, and then make and reach balance between V3 and the V4.Make the electric weight equilibrium of each cell in two battery pack at last respectively.
Step 5, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if then finish equilibrium, otherwise jump to step 1 to battery electric quantity.
Here point out that the time for balance of each cell in the time for balance of each battery group and each battery are organized is provided with according to the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery group two ends and the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity at each the cell two ends that is attempted by each battery group respectively as mentioned above.
Can understand from above step, equilibrium of the present invention is top-down one-way fashion, electric energy between promptly balanced earlier two son groups, two joint cells in respectively balanced again each child group of group, and also the equilibrium between the two joint cells in each child group of group can be carried out simultaneously.The time has been shortened in the one-way fashion equilibrium, and only needs two joint cells in the balanced separately group to get final product in the same time, and the promptly same time can be carried out two son groups (the first son group and the second son group) equilibrium, has improved efficient.
In the process of static (referring to that promptly battery pack is in the state that leaves standstill), above-mentioned balanced way almost can settle at one go.In the dynamic process that discharges and recharges, that works " settling at one go " when this equilibrium can not look like static state.
Can find out that from circuit shown in Figure 2 equalizer of the present invention is drawn a line respectively from the positive pole and the negative pole of each cell, connects a switch, is convenient to expand the control to switch like this, make when electric weight shifts more flexible.Therefore, with respect to the existing equalizer on the market, equalizer of the present invention has reduced the quantity of electric capacity, and the quantity of switching tube is also constant substantially, simple in structure, with low cost, and efficient balanced between group earlier, back balanced this balanced way in organizing is higher.
Here point out that the software strategy adjustment that this hardware topology structure shown in Figure 2 can be control unit provides very big expanding space, and can realize multiple balance policy.That is to say, except realizing organizing the interior strategy again between foregoing elder generation group, can also realize the equilibrium of any configuration, promptly battery pack can be carried out energy with any compound mode and shifted, and comprises that balanced one to one, the two pairs of equilibriums, the three pairs of equilibriums, group are to an equilibrium.Balanced and the group of two pairs one equilibriums, three pairs one can be referred to as " many-one " to an equilibrium.Jun Heng implication just is meant that any batteries can carry out energy to other any batteries and shift one to one, can carry out energy to 24V battery, 36V battery and 48V battery such as the 12V battery and shift.The implication of two pairs one equilibriums just is meant that any two adjacent batteries carry out energy to weak battery in the battery group and shift, adjacent such as 12V with 24 liang of batteries, they just can carry out the energy transfer to 36V battery or 48V battery together, perhaps 24V battery, 36V battery can carry out the energy transfer to 12V battery or 48V battery together, according to the path of process, remove to control corresponding switching tube and get final product.Three pairs one equilibriums and group are to the implication of an equilibrium and top described similar.The control of configuration balanced way arbitrarily, similar with the described control flow of reference Fig. 2, except the switching tube difference of each moment closed and disconnected, and the switching tube of each moment closed and disconnected only needs to determine to get final product according to selected configuration balanced way, therefore, omit its detailed description here.
And this hardware topology structure makes that the system program of control unit is simple in structure, and operational efficiency is higher, and the value that only needs to judge the A/D sampling can be carried out corresponding equalization program afterwards.
In addition, utilize electric capacity to carry out balanced utilizing electric capacity to carry out equilibrium in the prior art to have following advantage among the present invention: by making the positive switch and the negative switch closure of switch closure between the group between per two batteries group or per two cells, the voltage at battery group or cell two ends can be added in the two ends of the electric capacity that is attempted by battery group two ends or cell two ends " zero pressure drop ", thereby make the electric capacity both end voltage consistent with battery group or cell both end voltage, can be more accurate when carrying out equilibrium by electric capacity like this.
Abovely the equilibrium of the battery pack be made up of 4 cells is described with reference to Fig. 2.Expand to the battery pack of being made up of any several cells, the equalization step of control unit is as follows:
Step 1, disconnect all the group between switch and the group in switch;
Step 2, the terminal voltage of each battery group after the collection battery group, whether there is voltage difference between two battery of sequence detection group according to the sub-group # of battery, if exist, switch in the group of the battery group both sides that terminal voltage is high in switch and this two battery groups between the group between then at first closed these two battery groups, so that the high battery group of terminal voltage is given the electric capacity charging between these two battery groups, disconnect switch and the high sub interior switch of group of organizing both sides of battery of described terminal voltage between the group between these two battery groups then, switch in the group of the battery group both sides that terminal voltage is low in closed again these two battery groups is so that the voltage at the electric capacity two ends between these two battery groups is transferred to the low battery group of terminal voltage; Repeat above step, the electric weight equilibrium between per two batteries group;
Switch between step 3, disconnection group is so that each battery group is isolated from each other;
Step 4, the terminal voltage of gathering the cell in each battery group, whether there is voltage difference between two cells of sequence detection according to the cell numbering in the battery group, if exist, switch in the group of the cell both sides that terminal voltage is high in then closed these two cells, disconnect the interior switch of group of the high cell both sides of described terminal voltage then, and switch in the group of the cell both sides that terminal voltage is low in closed these two cells; Repeat above step, the electric weight equilibrium of per two cells in each battery group;
Step 5, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if then finish equilibrium, otherwise jump to step 1 to battery electric quantity.
In sum, the present invention can obtain following technique effect:
(1) balanced way provided by the present invention is the electric weight between balanced earlier two battery pack, finish between group after the equilibrium, disconnection is connected the switching tube between the adjacent cell group, each battery group is isolated, and then the electric weight of two joint cells in balanced respectively each battery group, each battery can be organized interior equilibrium for child group simultaneously, thereby has improved balancing speed and efficient, so shortened time for balance.
(2) because can be (promptly with equalizing voltage, minimum differntial pressure after the battery pack balance, just aforementioned judge between the battery group or battery group in cell between the equalization request voltage of balance whether) be provided with lowlyer, secondly, adopted high-precision A/D sample circuit, so the accuracy of equalization is higher, and be easy to control and realization.
(3) can realize the inventive method and equalizer with simple components and parts commonly used (comprising the switching tube, the electric capacity that for example are used as switch), simple in structure, with low cost.
(4) multiple balance policy can be realized, as mentioned above,, the many-one of any configuration or balanced one to one can also be realized except realizing organizing the interior strategy again between foregoing elder generation group.
Below with reference to drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail; but; should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above disclosed specific embodiment, any modification based on the disclosed technical scheme of this specification all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. battery electric quantity equalization methods comprises:
Step 1, will treat in the battery pack balanced series connection cell become a plurality of batteries groups according to even number one component;
Step 2, detect the terminal voltage of each battery group, and the terminal voltage of each battery group compared with the terminal voltage of other battery group respectively, judging difference between these two whether within the scope of equalization request, if, then execution in step 4, otherwise execution in step 3 and step 4;
Step 3, the high battery of terminal voltage group is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the low battery group of terminal voltage, so that the electric weight equilibrium of each battery group;
Step 4, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in each battery group, and with the terminal voltage of each cell respectively with this battery group in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if, then execution in step 6, otherwise execution in step 5 and step 6;
Step 5, the high cell of terminal voltage in each battery group is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the low cell of terminal voltage in this battery group, so that the electric weight equilibrium of each cell in this battery group;
Step 6, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if then finish equilibrium, otherwise jump to step 2 to battery electric quantity.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 3, the electric capacity by being attempted by each battery group two ends will more than electric weight transfer on the low battery group of terminal voltage from the high battery group of terminal voltage.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the time of discharging and recharging according to the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery group two ends is provided with the time for balance that each battery is organized, so that the time for balance of each battery group is slightly longer than the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery group two ends, and controls each battery group according to the time for balance of each battery group and carry out the electric weight transfer.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, judges in the following manner in step 3 whether the electric weight of each battery pack is balanced:
After electric weight shifts between battery group, detect the terminal voltage of each battery group, and the terminal voltage of each battery group compared with the terminal voltage of other battery group respectively, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, then judge the electric weight equilibrium of each battery group, otherwise judge that the electric weight of each battery group is unbalanced.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 5, the electric capacity by being attempted by each cell two ends will more than electric weight transfer on the low cell of terminal voltage from the high cell of terminal voltage.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the time for balance of each cell was set according to time of discharging and recharging of the electric capacity that is attempted by each cell two ends, so that the time for balance of each cell is slightly longer than the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each cell two ends, and controls each cell according to the time for balance of each cell and carry out the electric weight transfer.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, judges in the following manner in step 5 whether the electric weight of each cell in the battery group is balanced:
After electric weight shifts between the cell in this battery group, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in this battery group, and with the terminal voltage of each cell in this battery group respectively with this battery group in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, then judge the electric weight equilibrium of this battery group, otherwise judge that the electric weight of this battery group is unbalanced.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, judges in the following manner in step 6 whether the electric weight of all cells is balanced:
Detect the terminal voltage of all cells, and the terminal voltage of each cell and the terminal voltage of other cell compared, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, then judge the electric weight equilibrium of all cells, otherwise judge that the electric weight of all cells is unbalanced.
9. equalizer, described equalizer becomes a plurality of batteries groups that described battery pack is carried out the electric weight equilibrium by treating balanced series connection cell in the battery pack according to even number one component, and described equalizer comprises:
Switch in the group of each battery group, a plurality of positive switch and a plurality of negative switch that cell number during switch comprises quantity and this battery is organized in the group of each battery group equates, one end of described a plurality of positive switch is connected to the positive pole of each cell in this battery group respectively, the other end is connected to each other together, one end of described a plurality of negative switch is connected to the negative pole of each cell in this battery group respectively, and the other end is connected to each other together;
Be connected switch between a plurality of groups between each battery group, be connected between two positive switch tie points of per two batteries group or between two negative switch tie points of per two batteries group;
A plurality of electric capacity are connected between the positive switch tie point and negative switch tie point of each battery group;
The A/D sample circuit, the terminal voltage that is used to gather each battery group or cell; With
Control unit is used to control the closed and disconnected of each switch, with between the terminal voltage control battery group of gathering according to the A/D sample circuit and the electric weight equilibrium between the cell in the battery group.
10. equalizer according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described control unit is carried out following control operation:
Step 1, disconnect all the group between switch and the group in switch;
Step 2, the terminal voltage of each battery group after the collection battery group, whether there is voltage difference between two battery of sequence detection group according to the sub-group # of battery, if exist, switch in the group of the battery group both sides that terminal voltage is high in switch and this two battery groups between the group between then at first closed these two battery groups, so that the high battery group of terminal voltage is given the electric capacity charging between these two battery groups, disconnect switch and the high sub interior switch of group of organizing both sides of battery of described terminal voltage between the group between these two battery groups then, switch in the group of the battery group both sides that terminal voltage is low in closed again these two battery groups is so that the voltage at the electric capacity two ends between these two battery groups is transferred to the low battery group of terminal voltage; Repeat above step, the electric weight equilibrium between per two batteries group;
Switch between step 3, disconnection group is so that each battery group is isolated from each other;
Step 4, the terminal voltage of gathering the cell in each battery group, whether there is voltage difference between two cells of sequence detection according to the cell numbering in the battery group, if exist, switch in the group of the cell both sides that terminal voltage is high in then closed these two cells, disconnect the interior switch of group of the high cell both sides of described terminal voltage then, and switch in the group of the cell both sides that terminal voltage is low in closed these two cells; Repeat above step, the electric weight equilibrium of per two cells in each battery group;
Step 5, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if, then finish equilibrium, otherwise jump to step 1 battery electric quantity,
The time for balance of each cell in wherein, the time for balance of each battery group and each battery are organized is provided with according to the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery group two ends and the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity at each the cell two ends that is attempted by each battery group respectively.
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