CN101809979A - 用于车载系统的无线带内信令 - Google Patents

用于车载系统的无线带内信令 Download PDF

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CN101809979A
CN101809979A CN200880108517A CN200880108517A CN101809979A CN 101809979 A CN101809979 A CN 101809979A CN 200880108517 A CN200880108517 A CN 200880108517A CN 200880108517 A CN200880108517 A CN 200880108517A CN 101809979 A CN101809979 A CN 101809979A
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audio
tone
data
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CN101809979B (zh
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K·伯明翰
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ALBIQIT Co
Airbiquity Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H04M11/066—Telephone sets adapted for data transmision
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于车辆数据通信的方法和设备，其使用数字无线远程通信网络的语音信道，以获取应急、接待和其他服务。信令被描述(图3)在服务器和车载系统(图2)之间，以用于在建立了语音信道呼叫之后，开始数据会话。响应于预定的信令音调，开关(PCM)使车载音频系统的扬声器静音。该呼叫可以从车辆中自动开始，且接线位置可以是无人值守的。选择普适新的和旧版的声码器的信令方法(图4-5)，以便普及运行。

Description

用于车载系统的无线带内信令
相关申请
本申请要求2007年10月20日递交的第60/981,487号美国临时专利申请的优先权。
版权公告
2007-2008 Airbiquity公司本专利文件公开内容的一部分包括受版权保护的材料。版权所有者不反对任何人复制专利文件或专利公开内容，因其记载在专利和商标局的专利文件或纪录中，但此外保留全部版权。37CFR§1.71(d)。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于车辆上的数据通信的方法和设备，其使用数字无线远程通信网络的语音信道，以获取应急、接待和其他服务。
背景技术
无线电信的覆盖在世界大部分地区已经变得普及，尤其是在工业化国家。同样，在许多发展中国家，缺少传统铜线远程通信基础设施的整个区域已经跳过传统技术而替代地发展了无线技术。现代无线网络提供了一系列语音和数据服务。上述服务的技术细节可以在许多地方获得，例如，在3GPP标准组织的网站www.3gPP.org上。
但是，一些无线数据服务是缓慢的，且其覆盖是不连续的。相比之下，无线语音服务易于具有高质量，且在人所到之处几乎都可以获取。我们所提及的“带内”通信意指在语音信道中，区分于数字信道中、控制信道或其他非语音无线信道中。语音信道的特征在于特定的性能特征。例如，基于正常的人声，仅需要收发相对较窄范围的音频频率。实际上，已知的是，复杂的压缩和编码技术能够非常有效地在数字无线网络中发送和接收人声。但是，这些语音编码器或“声码器”——通常以软件、DSP芯片等实现——完全不能很好地传输非语音的声音。相反地，它们被仔细地设计以过滤掉非语音信号。
在第6,144,336号美国专利中也可以获得相关的信息，其以引证方式被纳入本说明书。另外的公开内容可以在第6,690,681号美国专利中找到，其也以引证方式纳入本说明书。最后，另外的相关公开内容出现在第6,493,338号美国专利中，其也以引证方式纳入本说明书，如同被全部阐述。前述专利归本申请的受让人所有。
将通过下述结合附图进行的对优选实施方案的详细描述来阐明本发明的其他方面和有利效果。
附图说明
图1是图解了用于无线语音呼叫——也即无线远程通信网络中的电话呼叫——的典型话路的简化方块图。
图2是示例性的车载系统(IVS)的简化方块图。
图3是图解了带内调制解调器检测方案的随时间变化的进程的图示。
图4是图解了根据本发明的一个实施方案的应用调频音调的、改进的带内调制解调器检测方案随时间变化的进程的图示。
图5是图解了传输两类初始信号，并侦听两类应答信号的向后兼容的服务器的进程的图示。以这样的方式能够识别IVS的调制解调器类型。
具体实施方案
图1是图解了用于无线语音呼叫——也即无线远程通信网络中的电话呼叫——的典型话路的简化方块图。来自麦克风的模拟语音信号通过A/D转换器被数字化，并接着馈给至编码算法的声码器(8000样本/秒)。编码器产生压缩数据包(通常是每20毫秒的音频帧一个包)并将这一数据流馈给至无线电发射机。在另一方面，无线电接收机将所述包传递至解码算法，解码算法接着将原始语音信号(非完美地)重建为PCM流。该PCM流最终被转换回模拟电压，该模拟电压接着被施加至扩音器。
使用这一类型的系统，通过仔细选择频率、时序，以及使用特殊技术——通过使信息“看起来像”人声数据而“欺骗”声码器使之传输该信息——可以“带内”传输适中数量的数据(这里我们指用户数据，而非声码器话语数据)。这一类型的数据通信——其使用了无线系统的语音信道——有时被称为“带内信令(signaling)”。它可以用硬件或软件执行，借用传统“陆线”通信中所熟悉的“调制解调器”这一术语(调制器-解调器)，所述硬件或软件被称为“带内信令调制解调器”。
一些已出版的专利文件公开了通过无线远程通信网络的语音信道传递数字数据的带内信令技术。例如，一个输入端接收数字数据。一个编码器将数字数据转换为合成了人声的频率特征的音频音调(audiotone)。该数字数据也被编码以防止远程通信网络中的语音解码电路破坏代表了数字数据的合成音频音调。输出器接着将合成音频音调输出至数字无线远程通信网络的语音信道。在一些情况下，承载“音调”的数据与同步的语音一并传送。可以使该音调短暂和相对不显著。在有时被称为“空白和突发(blank and burst)”的其他实施方式中，当数据传输通过语音信道时，语音被切断。在另外一些实施方式中，音频频谱的一些部分被用于语音，而其他部分被保留用于数据。这协助了接收方的解码。
带内指令在呼叫的两端需要适合的设备(例如，带内调制解调器)。挑战在于检测何时开启或关闭调制解调器。也就是说，一旦呼叫被连接(链路已建立)，接收系统应何时从语音操作模式(通常使用麦克风和扬声器)切换至数据模式——在该数据模式中，该接收系统运行以从音频(语音)信道恢复数据。优选地，这应自动进行，即，不借助人工介入。现有技术的无线网络中的控制信令使用了非带内的控制信道。和语音信道不同，控制信道信令可能为载体专有，因此不能为所有的客户端系统所用。
本文件中的作为示例的本技术的一个应用是与机动车辆的通信。今天，多种车辆均具有一些用于通过无线网络通信的能力。我们将这些车辆系统称为远程信息处理(telematics)客户端系统。图2是示例性车载系统(IVS)的简化方块图。其示出了典型的远程信息处理客户端系统的相关部分的实施例。这一客户端系统由设计为在汽车环境中运行的嵌入式硬件和软件组成。
在图2中，远程信息处理的软件包括“用户应用程序”，其可以是几乎所有的应用程序，特别是采用经由无线网络的数据传输的应用程序。例如，用户应用程序可以涉及导航或娱乐。在运行中，用户应用程序将数据(优选地为数据包)传达至带内信令调制解调器。该带内调制解调器将数据(与包头和其他适合的开销一起)转换为音频频率的音调，该音频频率的音调出现在“PCM开关”处。
客户端系统(IVS)的一个目的是：通过乘坐者用来与人工操作者通信的同一无线语音呼叫，在车辆和服务器之间传递远程信息处理数据。有时，服务器位于可以联系到人工操作者的“接线中心”，所述接线中心类似于紧急情况911接线中心。在这里，系统必须具有在带内调制解调器对话开始时断开车辆音频系统的开关。如果切换命令由服务器方控制，那么带内信令必须被用于指出调制解调器的会话应何时开始。
再次参考图2，在这一实施方案中，PCM开关通过带内的“调制解调器检测”方案控制。有两种方式可能产生错误：伪检测(扬声器在其不应静音时被静音)以及遗漏检测(扬声器在应被静音时未被静音)。这两种错误都应尽可能地少，但避免它们是个挑战。本发明的一个重要的效果是改进的检测性能。
图3图解了第一带内调制解调器检测方案随时间变化的进程。在图中示出的给定的音调频率仅是示例性的。在操作中，服务器(位于接线中心，或“数据中心”，其可以是自动的(无人值守的))，传输一预定音频频率的例如2225HZ的音调，选择该频率是为了普适当前的声码器技术。这是给车辆系统的一个信号，以中断语音对话，并开始带内调制解调器会话。
在IVS方探测到这一频率音调之后，在至少一个预定的阈时间例如约30毫秒之后，“预检测”被认为已经完成，接着IVS使车辆中的扬声器静音。(以这样的方式，车辆的乘客将不会听到音频频率音调形式的数据传输的“噪音”。)如果检测到所选择的“信令音调”的持续时间长于预定阈时间，即认为发生了“验证”，而从IVS将“应答”发送至服务器。因此，IVS系统将切换图2中的PCM开关以将带内调制解调器连接至嵌入式电话模块中的声码器，以将数据(在语音信道中)传输至数据中心。
所述“应答”音调具有第二所选频率，也即示例性实施例中的1778HZ。它也具有所选择的持续时间，也即示例性实施例中的300毫秒。这是IVS准备好开始带内调制解调器会话的信号。如果服务器检测该信号持续了至少一预定阈时间，例如约200毫秒，那么它(服务器)停止初始音调的传输。
前述策略对于许多设备都是有用的，但是在无线技术中的改变带来了另一个问题。频率改进的一个领域是在上述的声码器中。随着声码器变得在编码人声上更有效，通过其中使用了声码器的语音信道来传输数据在有时变得甚至更困难。上述的带内控制信令电路对于一些声码器可以工作良好，但是对于其他的，较新的模型则未必。
可以通过研究新的声码器的性质来处理这一问题，并接着尝试设计与新的声码器兼容的控制信令电路。但即使成功，仍有许多使用中的车辆运行旧的“旧版调制解调器”。对于成功的通信系统来说重要的是它对旧的IVS(具有旧版调制解调器)和使用新的声码器的新的IVS都能适用。仍需要与可能被配置在各种车辆(或其他便携式的应用，例如手提电脑通信装置)上的两个或更多的不同的带内调制解调器正确地相互作用。上述的“预检测”音调，例如2225HZ，可能工作于旧的声码器上，但被新的声码器过滤掉。最好的结果是，IVS不会在所需的时间里使扬声器静音。最坏的结果是，带内数据传输系统将停止运作。
数据服务器和各种可移动单元之间的向前兼容和向后兼容的问题并不限于控制信令。通过一些声码器传输的实际数据可能需要使用与兼容于旧版声码器的频率大不相同的频率。例如，在一些旧版声码器中，2100HZ(下行链路)和2500HZ(上行链路)是用于编码数据的有效频率。对于其他的声码器，诸如1200HZ和1600HZ的低频率可能是优选的。
因此，服务器系统有必要“发现”或检测特定的呼叫所使用的远程声码器的类型，这不仅为了控制信令，也是为了使其可以将数据适当地编码以适用远程声码器。此外，重要的是服务器十分快速地——例如少于两秒的时间内——发现使用中的远程声码器的类型，以使其可以发送适合的控制信号，指示IVS使车辆中的扬声器——在令人分心的数据音调被听到之前——静音。(通常，用于联系呼叫中心的呼电话号码不能用于区分所使用的远程调制解调器，因为给定的车辆制造商优选地在所有IVS系统上使用单一的电话号码。)
参考图4。为了阐释，让我们假设2225HZ的音调作为较旧的声码器信道的控制信号是有效的，但该音调在较新的声码器上是不可靠的。根据本发明的另一方面，调频(FM)音调由服务器传输，该FM信号在500和600HZ之间振荡。它可能例如每20或40毫秒切换频率；这仅描述了大小的数量级，而准确数值并不重要。所述调频是在常规语音对话中防止伪检测的关键方面。
下面参考图5：如果服务器调制解调器必须向后兼容于旧版IVS调制解调器，那么它可以在新的初始信号和旧的初始信号之间交替，同时侦听该两种类型的应答信号。
对于本领域普通技术人员应清楚的是，在不背离本发明的根本原则的情况下，可以对上述实施方案的细节进行多种修改。因此本发明的范围仅由下列权利要求确定。

Claims (20)

1.一种方法，包括：
提供车载系统(IVS)，该车载系统包括用于移动的、无线语音和数据通信的车辆中的带内信令调制解调器，语音和数据通信均经由数字无线通信网络的语音信道在单一的语音呼叫中进行；
所述车辆还包括用于娱乐和通信用途的车载音频系统；
所述车载音频系统包括扬声器和麦克风；
在车载系统(IVS)中配置用户应用程序，该用户应用程序被联接至带内信令调制解调器，用于在语音呼叫中经由带内信令调制解调器发送数据；
在车载系统(IVS)中，经由数字无线通信网络，向远程接线位置发起语音呼叫；
在接线位置，接受车载系统(IVS)发起的语音呼叫；
在带内数据会话之前，经由语音呼叫，从接线位置向车载系统(IVS)发送预定的信令音调；以及
在车载系统(IVS)中，响应于接收预定信令音调而使音频系统的扬声器静音，以使车辆的乘客将不会听到在用户应用程序和接线位置之间的具有音频频率音调的形式的数据传输的声音。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中还包括：
测量信令音调的持续时间；
仅在信令音调的持续时间超出第一预定阈时间后，使扬声器静音。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中还包括：
如果且当信令音调持续时间超出较第一预定阈时间长的第二预定阈时间，向接线位置传输预定应答信号，以回应信令音调。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中还包括：
响应于接收信令音调，在同一呼叫中，开始带内数据会话，用于经由数字无线通信网络的语音信道将数据从IVS发送至接线位置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中还包括：
将调频音调作为信令音调从接线位置传输至IVS，以向后兼容于旧的带内调制解调器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中调频音调在多个所选择的音频频率之间交替，所述音频频率被选择为与已知的声码器兼容，以使信令音调通过声码器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中调频音调在两个所选择的音频频率之间交替。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中调频音调以所选择的大约20毫秒到40毫秒数量级的时间段，在所选择的音频频率之间切换。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中包括，在IVS中，响应于识别用于信令音调的任何所选择的音频频率，发送应答信号。
10.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中包括在自远程位置检测到应答信号时开始的预定准备时间之后，自动开始带内数据会话。
11.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中接线位置是无人值守的。
12.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中应答信号是具有预定持续时间的音频音调。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中应答信号的预定持续时间在300毫秒的数量级上。
14.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中用户应用程序经由带内调制解调器在数据会话中发送位置数据，以用于接线位置开始应急服务。
15.一种车载系统(IVS)，包括：
可机读存储器，用于存储远程信息处理软件；
处理器，用于读取可机读存储器，并执行存储在其中的远程信息处理软件；
远程信息处理软件，其存储在存储器中，并适于在处理器上执行，以经由数字无线通信网络的语音信道发送和接收数据；
所述远程信息处理软件包括用户应用程序和带内信令调制解调器，所述带内信令调制解调器用于编码和解码发送自或发送至用户应用程序的数据；
车载音频系统，该音频系统包括扬声器和麦克风；
嵌入式电话模块，该电话模块至少适于经由数字无线通信网络的语音信道的通信；
开关，其用于可控制地将车载音频系统连接至嵌入式电话模块，用于语音通信，或将带内调制解调器连接至嵌入式电话模块，用于数据通信，上述通信均在单一的语音信道无线呼叫中进行；
所述开关被布置为通过如下方式中断语音会话：在语音信道呼叫期间，响应于检测到经由嵌入式电话模块接收的预定信号音调，通过将带内信令模块连接至嵌入式电话模块以开始带内数据会话，并使车载音频系统的扬声器静音；以及
其中，所述信号音调近似具有一预定的音频频率。
16.根据权利要求15所述的车载系统(IVS)，其中信号音调在开关激活以使音频系统静音之前至少具有第一预定阈持续时间。
17.根据权利要求16所述的车载系统(IVS)，其中预定的音频频率是大约2225HZ。
18.根据权利要求16所述的车载系统(IVS)，其中第一预定阈持续时间在30毫秒的数量级上。
19.根据权利要求16所述的车载系统(IVS)，其中如果且当所接收的信号音调超出长于所述第一预定阈持续时间的第二阈持续时间，带内调制解调器在相同的语音信道呼叫中经由嵌入式电话模块发送预定的应答信号。
20.根据权利要求19所述的车载系统(IVS)，其中第二阈持续时间在300毫秒的数量级上。
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US7979095B2 (en) 2011-07-12
BRPI0817012A2 (pt) 2015-03-24
US20110211625A1 (en) 2011-09-01
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