CN101772325A - 温控超声外科手术器械 - Google Patents

温控超声外科手术器械 Download PDF

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CN101772325A
CN101772325A CN200880101527A CN200880101527A CN101772325A CN 101772325 A CN101772325 A CN 101772325A CN 200880101527 A CN200880101527 A CN 200880101527A CN 200880101527 A CN200880101527 A CN 200880101527A CN 101772325 A CN101772325 A CN 101772325A
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K·L·豪瑟
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种外科手术器械(10),所述外科手术器械包括被配置成以预定的频率产生振动的换能器(14)。一种超声刀片(50),所述超声刀片沿纵向轴线延伸并连接到所述换能器。一种控制器(67),所述控制器接收来自所述超声刀片的反馈信号。一种管腔(58、68),所述管腔适于连接到泵(64)。所述管腔根据所述反馈信号引导流体从中通过。

Description

温控超声外科手术器械
优先权声明
本申请要求2007年7月31日提交的临时申请No.60/999,735的优先权,该临时申请为2007年7月31日提交的专利申请No.11/888,296的变换。申请人要求优先权的这些申请是本文的基础,它们以引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
包括空芯器械和实芯器械在内的超声器械用于安全有效地治疗许多病症。超声器械、尤其是实芯超声器械是有利的,因为使用以超声频率传输至外科手术端部执行器的机械振动形式的能量可使超声器械用于切割和/或凝固组织。当以合适的能量级传输至组织并且使用合适的端部执行器时,超声振动可用于切割、解剖、拉升或分离组织。采用实芯技术的超声器械尤其有利,因为超声能量可以从超声换能器经超声传输波导传送到外科手术端部执行器。此类器械可用于开放性手术或微创手术,例如内窥镜手术或腹腔镜手术,其中端部执行器穿过套针到达外科手术部位。
以超声频率启动或激发此类器械的端部执行器(例如切割刀片、球形凝固器)可以引发纵向振动,该纵向振动在相邻组织内产生局部热量,从而有助于切割和凝固。由于超声器械具有该特性,因此可设计特定的超声致动端部执行器来执行许多功能,包括(例如)切割和凝固。
例如,通过电激励换能器在外科手术端部执行器中引发超声振动。该换能器可由器械手把中的一个或多个压电元件或磁致伸缩元件构成。由换能器部分产生的振动通过超声波导传输至外科手术端部执行器,该超声波导从换能器部分延伸至外科手术端部执行器。将波导和端部执行器设计成以与换能器相同的频率进行共振。当端部执行器连接到换能器时,整个系统的频率可与换能器自身的频率相同。
换能器和端部执行器可设计成以两个不同的频率共振,当接合或连接到一起时,可在第三个频率上共振。端部执行器的顶端d处的纵向超声振动的零至峰值振幅,在共振频率下表现为如下式给出的简单正弦曲线:
d=Asin(ωt)
其中:
ω为2π乘以循环频率f的角频率;并且
A为零至峰值振幅。
将纵向偏移定义为峰到峰(p-t-p)振幅,其恰好为正弦波振幅的两倍或2A。
实芯超声外科手术器械可分为两类:单元件端部执行器器械和多元件端部执行器器械。单元件端部执行器器械包括多种刀片类型,例如球形、钩形、曲线形和凝固剪。当组织柔软并且支撑不紧时,单元件端部执行器器械使刀片向组织施加压力的能力是有限的。可能需要很大的压力才能将超声能量有效地传输至组织。单元件端部执行器无法抓住组织会进一步导致在施加超声能量时不能完全接合组织表面,从而导致无法实现所需的止血和组织连接。多元件端部执行器包括与振动刀片一起工作的夹紧机构。例如,超声夹紧凝固器提供了改进的超声外科手术器械以切割/凝固组织,尤其是疏松无支撑的组织。夹紧机构将组织压在振动的超声刀片上,并向组织施加压缩力或偏置力,从而在刀片运动衰减更小的情况下加速组织的切割和止血(例如凝固)。
组织焊接是一门用于闭合伤口和血管的技术,其用于许多外科手术专业领域。组织焊接技术通过在伤口或血管中产生止血封堵以及在组织中产生强力吻合来闭合伤口。利用超声外科手术器械可在对组织侧向热损伤最小的情况下实现止血。止血或吻合通过将机械能转移至组织而发生。内部细胞摩擦使氢键断裂,从而导致蛋白质变性。由于蛋白质变性,在低于100℃的温度下将形成粘性凝块并封闭小血管。该效应持续较长时间就会发生吻合。因此,可利用振动刀片中的超声能量在伤口的血管和相邻组织中产生止血封堵并在组织中产生强力吻合。超声振动的单个或多个端部执行器单独地或结合夹紧机构能产生足够的机械能量来封闭血管,而不管端部执行器和/或组织的温度。为产生强力的组织吻合,端部执行器和组织的温度应维持在约50℃以下以便产生凝块,从而在不使组织脱水的情况下将组织闭合。脱水通过空化效应发生。刀片振动时,将在其顶端产生瞬态低压区,这会使细胞内液蒸发和细胞破裂。由于需要控制端部执行器和组织的温度来实现适宜的止血和吻合以将组织焊接在一起,因而超声器械还未成功应用于组织焊接应用。端部执行器的温度会随使用而增加,因此存在未形成适当闭合却使组织脱水的可能性。常规的超声器械确定组织的脱水状态,以之作为一种反馈机制来解决超声端部执行器的温度控制问题。然而,这些器械并未将端部执行器的温度用作反馈机制。因此,本领域需要监测和控制超声端部执行器的温度以有效实现伤口组织和/或血管的焊接。
已知的是,超声端部执行器随着使用会聚集热量。当将刀片用于具有高接合力的剪切系统中时,这种热聚集可能更甚。超声外科手术器械背景下的接合是指将两个表面(例如伤口、组织和/或血管的边缘)连接在一起或配合在一起。冷却端部执行器刀片的标准方法(例如在切割时让流体通过刀片)会产生降低刀片切割和凝固有效性的不良作用。因此,需要能够产生足够热量以止血、凝固和/或吻合组织但在未使用时可迅速冷却的超声端部执行器刀片。
发明内容
在一个一般方面,多个实施例涉及外科手术器械,其包括被配置成以预定的频率产生振动的换能器。超声端部执行器沿纵向轴线延伸并连接到换能器。控制器用于接收来自超声端部执行器的反馈信号。管腔适于连接到泵,它根据反馈信号引导流体从中通过。
附图说明
多个实施例的新型特征在所附权利要求书中进行了详细描述。然而,通过参考结合以下附图给出的下列具体实施方式,无论是在手术的组织还是方法方面,都可以最好地了解多个实施例。
图1示出了包括单元件端部执行器的超声器械的一个实施例。
图2示出了超声器械的连接件/接头的一个实施例。
图3示出了无菌超声外科手术器械的一个实施例的分解透视图。
图4示出了包括单元件端部执行器的超声器械的一个实施例。
图5示出了用于超声器械的连接件/接头的一个实施例。
图6示出了无菌超声外科手术器械的一个实施例的分解透视图。
图7A示出了外科手术系统的一个实施例,该外科手术系统包括连接到超声发生器的外科手术器械。
图7B示出了可与图7A所示外科手术器械一同使用的夹紧机构的一个实施例。
图8示出了超声器械的一个实施例,该超声器械包括换能器、端部执行器以及全长内管腔。
图9示出了超声器械的一个实施例的远端,该超声器械包括部分长度的内管腔。
图10示出了超声器械的一个实施例。
图11示出了图10所示超声器械的远端的细部图。
图12示出了超声器械的一个实施例。
图13示出了图12所示超声器械的远端的细部图。
图14示出了超声器械的一个实施例。
图15示出了图14所示超声器械的远端的细部图。
图16示出了超声器械的一个实施例。
图17示出了图16所示超声器械的远端的细部图。
图18示出了超声器械的一个实施例,该超声器械包括换能器、端部执行器以及全长密封内管腔。
图19示出了超声器械的一个实施例的远端,该超声器械包括部分长度的密封内管腔。
图20示出了组织焊接器械的一个实施例。
图21示出了图20所示组织焊接器械的端部执行器部分的一个实施例。
图22为沿线22--22截取的组织焊接器械的端部执行器部分的底视图。
图23示出了包括超声端部执行器和夹紧机构的多元件端部执行器的一个实施例。
图24示出了包括超声端部执行器和夹紧机构的多元件端部执行器的一个实施例。
图25为流程图,其示出了本文所述的采用外部温度测量装置的超声器械的操作。
图26为流程图1300,其示出了本文所述的采用频移测温技术的超声器械的操作。
具体实施方式
在详细阐述多个实施例之前,应该指出的是,这些实施例的应用或使用并不局限于附图和描述中详细示出的部件的构造和布置。示例性实施例可以单独实施,也可以与其他实施例、变更形式和修改形式结合在一起实施,并可以通过多种方式实施或执行。例如,以下公开的外科手术器械和端部执行器构造仅为示例性的,而无意限制它们的范围或应用。此外,除非另外指明,否则本文所用的术语和表达是为了方便读者而对示例性实施例进行描述目的所选的,并非限制其范围。
多个实施例通常涉及具有改进热特性的超声器械。在一个实施例中,这些超声器械提供在使用过程中减少了热量聚集的端部执行器。这些实施例包括(例如)用于具有高接合力的剪切系统中的刀片,在该系统中热聚集量可能更大。超声外科手术器械背景下的接合是指将两个表面(例如伤口、组织和/或血管的边缘)连接在一起或配合在一起。当端部执行器切割组织后不使用时,可让流体通过端部执行器来让其冷却。一个实施例提供能够产生足够的热量以止血、凝固和/或吻合组织,但在未使用时可迅速冷却的超声刀片。
在多个其他实施例中,具有改进热特性的超声器械提供改进的组织焊接技术以闭合伤口和血管,这类技术可应用于许多外科手术专业领域。组织焊接是一门通过在伤口或血管中产生止血封堵以及在组织中产生强力吻合来闭合伤口的技术。超声外科手术器械的多个实施例在对组织侧向热损伤最小的情况下实现止血。止血或吻合通过将机械能转移至组织而发生。内部细胞摩擦使氢键断裂,从而导致蛋白质变性。由于蛋白质变性,在低于100摄氏度的温度下将形成粘性凝块,其会闭合小血管。该效应持续较长时间时则会发生吻合。因此,在多个实施例中,可利用振动的端部执行器中的超声能量在伤口的血管或相邻组织中产生止血封堵以及在组织中产生强力吻合。其他实施例提供超声振动的单个或多个端部执行器,它们单独地或结合夹紧机构能产生合适的机械能量以通过温控端部执行器来闭合血管。为产生强力的组织吻合,端部执行器和组织的温度应维持或调整在约50℃或以下以能产生凝块,从而在不使组织脱水的情况下将组织闭合在一起。脱水通过空化效应发生。端部执行器振动时将在其顶端产生瞬态低压区,这会使得细胞内液蒸发和细胞破裂。由于可有效控制端部执行器的温度以实现合适的止血和吻合从而将组织焊接在一起,因此温控超声器械的多个实施例可用于组织焊接应用中。端部执行器的温度会随使用而增加,因此测量超声刀片和/或夹紧机构的温度并泵送冷却流体通过刀片和/或夹紧机构。超声器械的多个实施例确定组织的脱水状态,以之作为一种反馈机制来解决超声端部执行器的温度控制问题。这些器械将端部执行器的温度用作反馈机制来监测和控制超声端部执行器的温度,以有效地焊接伤口组织和/或血管。
超声外科手术器械的例子在美国专利No.5,322,055和5,954,736中公开,超声端部执行器和外科手术器械的组合在例如美国专利No.6,309,400 B2、6,278,218 B1、6,283,981B1和6,325,811 B1中公开,这些专利全文以引用方式并入本文。这些参考文献公开了一些超声外科手术器械和端部执行器构造,其中激励端部执行器的纵模。由于其不对称性,超声端部执行器还可表现出横向和/或扭转运动,其中此非纵向运动的特征“波长”小于端部执行器及其延伸部分的整体纵向运动的“波长”。因此,当工作中的端部执行器沿其组织端部执行器的净运动不为零时(即,将至少具有延着长度的纵向运动,所述长度从其远端(纵向运动的波腹)延伸至纵向运动的第一波节位置(靠近组织端部执行器部分)),非纵向运动的波形将沿着组织端部执行器存在横向/扭转运动的波节位置。
现在将描述某些实施例,以便全面了解本文所公开的器械和方法的结构、功能、制造和使用原理。这些实施例中的一个或多个实例在附图中示出。本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,本文特别描述和在附图中示出的器械和方法为非限制性的实施例,并且各个实施例的范围仅由权利要求书限定。就一个实施例进行图解说明或描述的特征,可与其他实施例的特征进行组合。这些修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在权利要求书的范围之内。
在一个实施例中,可通过测量超声系统的共振频率以及将端部执行器频率的变化与端部执行器的温度相关联来大致确定使用中的超声端部执行器的温度。例如,随着端部执行器的温度增加,频率会降低。由于温度变化会造成频率偏移或频率漂移,它们之间的相关性可通过实验或设计参数凭经验确定,并且可编程到超声信号发生器或连接至超声器械和/或发生器的电子控制器中。在一个实施例中,采用一项技术测量超声系统的频率,并利用此信息调节进入手术部位的流体的流量,从而调节端部执行器的温度。在另一个实施例中,可直接用温度传感器来确定端部执行器的温度。可用嵌入端部执行器或器械护套内的热电偶、声传感器或热敏电阻器类型的装置来测量端部执行器的温度,从而建立与端部执行器温度的关联。一旦确定了端部执行器的温度,则可让低温流体从超声端部执行器上流过来冷却端部执行器,从而使端部执行器或周围组织保持在预定温度上。
在多个实施例中,超声端部执行器或夹紧机构可由内管腔或套管形成,使得流体以将端部执行器维持或调节至预定温度所需的合适流速通过端部执行器或夹紧机构。在另一个实施例中,可将流体加热至预定温度,然后以合适的流速流过管腔以将热量转移至组织,进而辅助凝固或组织焊接。
在另一个实施例中,可在管腔中提供相变材料。相变材料由固相或液相变为气相,并可设置在端部执行器管腔内以控制端部执行器的温度。相变材料由固相或液相膨胀到气相会吸收热量,并将端部执行器保持在规定温度。在另一个实施例中,相变材料可起到类似于热管材料的作用,从而吸收端部执行器/组织界面上的热量并将热量从界面上释放。
如在较大腔体组织的焊接应用中可能需要的强效凝固区可通过将端部执行器表面的温度维持在一个温度点来实现,该点介于可发生组织凝固但不会发生组织脱水之间。降低超声端部执行器的温度可使端部执行器接触组织的时间更长。这使接触端部执行器的组织侧以及接触接合垫的组织侧均形成有效的凝固区,从而提高组织的焊接强度。在另一个实施例中,可引导相同的端部执行器冷却流体通过接合垫,以增加端部执行器相对侧组织的温度。
因此,在一个实施例中,超声端部执行器的温度可通过以下方式进行控制:将端部执行器的温度测量用作反馈机制并将水或另一种冷却流体注入端部执行器以维持或控制端部执行器的温度。注入规定温度的水可使端部执行器维持在该温度下并吸收系统的过剩能量,否则该能量将使组织脱水。端部执行器的温度可用系统的频率变化或通过直接测量端部执行器的护套温度来测量。端部执行器的温度可通过将冷却流体注入端部执行器来控制。冷却流体可用来冷却超声端部执行器并加热器械的接合垫侧。
例如,在超声端部执行器主体内形成的滴注管腔已用于超声吸引器,例如由
Figure GPA00001011271900081
制造的超声外科手术吸引器
Figure GPA00001011271900082
管腔作为流体导管向目标部位提供相对恒定的滴注。在一个实施例中,端部执行器滴注管腔可流体连通到被设置为间歇启用的滴注泵。超声端部执行器可用于组织切割和/或止血(例如凝固)。在此过程中,泵保持为无流量状态。一旦将组织负荷从端部执行器上卸下,超声信号发生器或控制器就会感应到无组织负荷的状态,然后连续地或间歇地运行泵以向端部执行器提供冷却流体,并持续一段规定的时间或直到端部执行器达到预定的温度。在一个实施例中,超声信号发生器或控制器可被调整或配置成通过系统频率的参考测量来感测端部执行器的温度,然后可将流体提供至端部执行器直到端部执行器达到预定的温度。
在另一个实施例中,超声信号发生器或控制器可被调整或配置成在使用者停止使用端部执行器后控制端部执行器的流体供给并持续一段规定的时间。结合温度测量实施例的此实施例可用于将端部执行器冷却至规定的温度。在另一个实施例中,可通过端部执行器护套内形成的管腔或通过连接到护套的流体端口来进给或提供冷却流体。这些方法中的任一种均适于将流体喷在端部执行器的外部上以控制其温度。
图1示出了包括单元件端部执行器的超声器械10的一个实施例。超声器械10的一个实施例包括:超声换能器14、具有手把外壳16的手把组件60,以及可超声致动的单元件端部执行器或可超声致动的端部执行器50。端部执行器50可以为(例如)刀片、球形凝固器、抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹器、进入器械、药物/基因治疗器械、超声、微波、射频、高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)和/或激光器械。超声器械10连接至超声信号发生器12。发生器12包括与发生器12形成一体的控制系统、电源开关8以及触发机构44。电源开关8控制传输至发生器12的电能,并且当由触发机构44启动时,发生器12提供能量以便以预定频率驱动外科手术系统10的声学组件24,并且以预定的偏移水平驱动端部执行器50。发生器12以任何合适的声学组件24的共振频率驱动或激励声学组件24。超声换能器14(被称为“Langevin叠堆件”)通常包括换能部分18、第一共振器部分即端罩20、第二共振器部分即前罩22以及辅助元件。这些元件的总体构造为共振器。超声换能器14的长度优选地为二分之一波长的整数倍(nλ/2,其中“n”为任何正整数,例如n等于1、2、3等;并且其中波长“λ”为声学组件在预先选择的纵向振动频率或工作纵向振动频率fo下的波长),如后文将更详细地描述。声学组件24包括超声换能器14、转接器26、速度变换器28以及表面30。在多个实施例中,换能器14可由一个或多个压电元件或磁致伸缩元件构成。
应当理解,本文参照持住手把组件60的临床医生使用了术语“近端”和“远端”。因此,相对于更近端的手把组件60而言,端部执行器50处于远端。还应当理解,为了简洁明了,本文使用的诸如“顶部”和“底部”等空间术语也是相对于持住手把组件60的临床医生而言的。然而,手术器械的使用方向和位置多种多样,这些术语并非旨在限制和绝对化。
端罩20的远端连接至换能部分18的近端,而前罩22的近端则连接至换能部分18的远端。前罩22和端罩20具有由多个变量决定的长度,这些变量包括换能部分18的厚度、制造端罩20和前罩22所用材料的密度和弹性模量以及超声换能器14的共振频率。前罩22可以从其近端向其远端向内逐渐缩小,以作为速度变换器28放大超声振动的振幅,或者也可以不放大。合适的振动频率范围可以为约20Hz至120kHz,特别合适的振动频率范围可以为约30至100kHz。合适的工作振动频率可以为(例如)约55.5kHz。
压电元件32可由任何合适的材料制成,例如锆钛酸铅、偏铌酸铅、钛酸铅、钛酸钡或其他压电陶瓷材料。正极34、负极36和压电元件32中的每一个均具有贯穿中心的孔。正极34和负极36分别电连接到电线38和40。电线38和40被包在电缆42内,并且可电连接到超声器械10的超声信号发生器12。
发生器12还具有电源线6以便插入电外科手术单元或常规插座。可以设想发生器12还可通过直流(DC)电源供电,例如电池。发生器12可包括任何合适的发生器。声学组件24的超声换能器14将来自超声信号发生器12的电信号转化为机械能,该机械能主要致使超声换能器24和端部执行器50出现以超声频率纵向振动运动的驻波。在另一个实施例中,超声换能器的振动运动可在不同的方向进行。例如,振动运动可包含超声器械10顶端更复杂运动的局部纵向分量。合适的发生器可购自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio),型号GEN04。当声学组件24通电时,会通过它产生振动运动驻波。沿着声学组件24任意点处的振动运动振幅取决于沿着声学组件24测量振动运动的位置。振动运动驻波的最小或零交点通常称为波节(即运动最小的位置),驻波的最大绝对值或峰值通常称为波腹(即运动最大的位置)。波腹与距其最近的波节之间的距离为四分之一波长(λ/4)。
电线38和40将电信号从超声信号发生器12传输到正极34和负极36。在例如脚踏开关的致动器或触发机构44的作用下,由超声信号发生器12提供的电信号激磁压电元件32,以在声学组件24中产生声学驻波。电信号在压电元件32中产生反复小位移形式的扰动,从而在材料中产生大的交替压缩力和张力。反复的小位移使压电元件32沿电压梯度的轴线以连续方式伸展和收缩,从而产生超声能量的纵波。超声能量通过声学组件24经传输元件或超声传输波导104传输到诸如刀片的单元件端部执行器50。
为了使声学组件24将能量传输到单元件端部执行器50,声学组件24的所有元件都必须与端部执行器50声学耦合。超声换能器14的远端可通过螺纹连接(例如中空螺柱48)在表面30处与超声传输波导104的近端声学耦合。
声学组件24的元件最好经声学调整,使得任何组件的长度均为二分之一波长(nλ/2)的整数倍,其中波长λ为声学组件24在预先选择的纵向振动驱动频率或工作纵向振动驱动频率fd下的波长,并且其中n为任意正整数。还设想声学组件24可结合任何合适的声学元件布置。
端部执行器50的长度可基本上等于二分之一波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。端部执行器50的远端52可设置在波腹附近,以使远端52具有最大的纵向偏移。当换能器组件被激活时,端部执行器50的远端52可被配置成以例如55kHz的预定振动频率在例如约10至500微米峰至峰距离的范围内移动,并优选在约30至150微米的范围内。
端部执行器50可包括纵向延伸的内管腔68,以接纳流体并将流体导向目标部位。目标部位可以为(例如)切割部位、凝固部位或组织焊接部位。管腔68与流体泵64流体连通(如以流体连接)。在多个实施例中,流体泵64和超声信号发生器12可组合为单个整体单元。在图1所示的实施例中,超声传输波导104包括形成于其中的纵向延伸的管腔58,超声换能器14包括穿过前罩20、端罩22、速度变换器28以及连接螺柱或螺栓35而形成的管腔56。螺栓35还可以包括基本上与管腔56对齐的管腔55。超声传输波导104包括位于近端的、纵向伸出的连接柱54,以通过中空螺纹连接(例如中空螺柱48)与超声传输波导104的表面30连接。超声传输波导104通过中空螺柱48连接至超声换能器14的速度变换器28部分。流体泵64流体连接至管腔56、58和68,使得流体从流体泵64到端部执行器50连通并从端部执行器50的远端52散入目标部位。在一个实施例中,流体在通过流体泵64泵入管腔56、58和68之前可由流体温度调节器65(例如加热器、冷却器、控温槽或用于维持温度的任何多种机构)加热或冷却至预定温度。
可通过螺栓35使压电元件32在第一共振器20和第二共振器22之间保持压缩状态。螺栓35可具有螺栓头、螺杆以及螺纹远端。螺栓106可从第一共振器92的近端插入第一共振器20、电极34和电极36、以及压电元件32的孔。螺栓35的螺纹远端旋入第二共振器22近端的螺纹孔中。螺栓35可由钢、钛、铝或其他合适的材料制成。在多个实施例中,螺栓35可由Ti6Al4V钛、Ti 6-4钛制成,并最优选地由4037低合金钢制成。
端部执行器50可连接至超声传输波导104。如图所示的端部执行器50和超声传输波导104由适于传输超声能量的材料形成为一体构造。此类材料的例子包括Ti6Al4V(含有铝和钒的钛合金)、铝、不锈钢或其他合适的材料。作为另外一种选择,端部执行器50可与超声传输波导104分离(以及具有不同的组成),并通过(例如)螺柱、焊接、胶水、快速接头或其他合适的已知方法连接。超声传输波导104的长度可以基本上等于(例如)二分之一波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。超声传输波导104也可以优选地由实芯轴制成,而实芯轴由有效传播超声能的材料(例如,上述钛合金(即Ti6Al4V)或任何合适的铝合金或其他合金)构成。
在一个实施例中,超声传输波导104包括设置在多个节上的多个稳定硅氧烷环或适形支承件(未示出)。这些硅氧烷环可以缓冲不可取的振动并防止超声能量释放到外护套(未示出)之外,从而确保超声能在纵向上以最高的效率朝端部执行器50的远端52传输。
外护套保护超声外科手术器械10的使用者以及患者不受超声传输波导104超声振动的影响。护套通常包括毂和细长的管状构件。管状构件连接到毂上,并具有纵向穿过其中的开口。护套螺纹连接到外壳16的远端上。超声传输波导104贯穿管状构件的开口,而硅氧烷环将超声传输波导104与外护套隔离。外护套可使用绝缘销轴连接到波导104。波导104中的孔可具有微小的位移。波导104可通过中空螺柱48旋到或啮合到手把组件60上。毂的平坦部分可允许组件被扭转到所需的程度。
护套的毂优选地由塑料构成,而管状构件则由不锈钢制成。作为另外一种选择,超声传输波导104可包括围绕在其周围的聚合材料,以避免与外部接触。
超声传输波导104的远端可通过内部中空螺纹连接连接到端部执行器50的近端,最好位于或靠近波腹。可设想端部执行器50通过诸如焊接接头或类似方法等任何合适的手段连接到超声传输波导104上。虽然端部执行器50可以从超声传输波导104上拆下,但也可以设想单元件端部执行器50(例如刀片)和超声传输波导104可形成为单一装置。
图2示出了超声器械的连接件/接头70的一个实施例。连接件/接头70可在超声传输波导104的连接柱54和位于声学组件24远端的速度变换器28的表面30之间形成。连接柱54的近端包括接纳部分中空螺柱48的基本上圆柱形的内螺纹表面66。速度变换器28的远端还可以包括接纳部分中空螺柱48的基本上圆柱形的内螺纹表面69。表面66和69基本在圆周上和纵向上对齐。管腔56和58流体连接至位于近端的流体泵64以及位于远端的端部执行器50的管腔68(图1)。
图3示出了无菌超声外科手术器械80的一个实施例的分解透视图。超声外科手术器械80可用于上述超声器械10中。然而,如本文所描述,本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,在不脱离其范围的情况下,本文所公开的超声外科手术器械的多个实施例及其任何相当的结构可以设想能有效地结合其他已知的超声外科手术器械一起使用。因此,赋予本文所公开的多个超声外科手术端部执行器实施例的保护范围应不限于仅结合上述超声外科手术器械的实施例一起使用。超声外科手术器械80可通过本领域已知的方法灭菌,例如,γ辐射灭菌、环氧乙烷灭菌、热压灭菌、杀菌液浸泡或其他已知的方法。
在图3所示的实施例中,超声外科手术器械80包括超声传输组件82。超声传输组件82包括可超声致动的端部执行器50、超声传输波导104、伸出的连接柱54以及外护套84。超声传输波导104包括纵向延伸的管腔58,端部执行器包括纵向延伸的管腔68。端部执行器50和超声传输波导104可以用适于传输超声能量的材料(例如Ti6Al4V(包含铝和钒的钛合金)、铝、不锈钢或其他已知的材料)形成为一体组件。作为另外一种选择,可形成端部执行器50使得其可以从超声传输波导104上拆下或分离(以及具有不同的组成),并通过(例如)螺柱、焊接、胶水、快速接头或其他合适的已知方法连接。在任何一种实施方式中,纵向延伸的管腔58和68都基本上对齐。超声传输波导104的长度可以基本上等于(例如)二分之一波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。超声传输波导104也可以由实芯轴制成,而实芯轴由有效传播超声能的材料(例如,钛合金(即Ti6Al4V)或铝合金)构成。
在图3所示的实施例中,超声传输波导104通过安装O形环108和密封环110设置在外护套84内。沿着超声传输波导104也可以包括一个或多个附加的阻尼器或支承构件(未示出)。超声传输波导104通过绝缘销轴112固定到外护套84上,其中绝缘销轴112穿过外护套84中的安装孔114和超声传输波导104中的安装孔116。
图4示出了包括单元件端部执行器的超声器械100的一个实施例。超声器械100的一个实施例包括:超声换能器114、具有手把外壳16的手把组件60,以及可超声致动的单元件端部执行器或可超声致动的端部执行器50。超声器械100连接至超声信号发生器12。超声换能器114(被称为“Langevin叠堆件”)通常包括(例如)换能部分18、第一共振器部分或端罩20、第二共振器部分或前罩122以及诸如连接螺柱或螺栓135的辅助元件。螺栓135除了成形为无中央管腔55的实芯部件外,其构造和运行基本上类似于上述螺栓35。这些元件的总体构造为共振器。超声换能器114的长度优选地为二分之一波长(nλ/2)的整数倍,如下文将详细描述。声学组件124包括超声换能器114、转接器26、速度变换器128以及表面30。超声换能器114的运行基本上类似于上文结合图1所做的描述,为了方便明了,在此不作赘述。相比图1所示的超声换能器14,图4所示的超声换能器114不包括形成于其中的管腔。相反,如下文将更详细描述,在连接柱74中或沿着流体连接到管腔72的超声传输波导105可形成入口端口73,其中管腔72在连接柱74和超声波导105内纵向延伸。管腔72流体连接至形成于端部执行器50中的管腔68。管腔72可基本上与形成于端部执行器50中的管腔68对齐。
如前所述,端部执行器50包括纵向延伸的内管腔68,以接纳流体并传递流体通过端部执行器50到达目标部位。目标部位可为(例如)切割部位、凝固部位或组织焊接部位。管腔68流体连接至流体泵64。在图4所示的实施例中,超声传输波导105具有纵向形成于其中的管腔72。超声传输波导105包括位于近端的、纵向伸出的连接柱74,以通过诸如螺柱148的螺纹连接与超声传输波导105的表面30连接。超声传输波导105通过螺柱148连接至超声换能器114的速度变换器128部分。流体泵64通过形成于连接柱74中的入口端口73流体连接至管腔72和管腔68,以使流体从流体泵64到端部执行器50连通并且从端部执行器50的远端52散入目标部位。在一个实施例中,流体在通过流体泵64泵入管腔72和管腔68之前可由流体温度调节器65加热。
图5示出了超声器械的连接件/接头170的一个实施例。连接件/接头170可在超声传输波导105的连接柱74和位于声学组件124远端的速度变换器128的表面30之间形成。连接柱74的近端包括接纳部分螺柱148的基本上圆柱形的内螺纹表面66。速度变换器128的远端也可以包括接纳部分螺柱148的基本上圆柱形的内螺纹表面69。表面66、69在圆周上和纵向上基本对齐。管腔72在近端通过入口端口73流体连接至流体泵64,同时在远端连接至端部执行器50的管腔68(图4)。
图6示出了无菌超声外科手术器械81的一个实施例的分解透视图。超声外科手术器械81可用于上述超声器械100中。然而,如本文所描述,本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,在不脱离其范围的情况下,本文所公开的超声外科手术器械的多个实施例及其任何相当的结构可以设想能有效地结合其他已知的超声外科手术器械一起使用。因此,赋予本文所公开的多个超声外科手术端部执行器实施例的保护范围应不限于仅结合上述超声外科手术器械的实施例一起使用。超声外科手术器械81可通过本领域已知的方法灭菌,例如,γ辐射灭菌、环氧乙烷灭菌、热压灭菌、杀菌液浸泡或其他已知的方法。
在图6所示的实施例中,超声外科手术器械81包括超声传输组件83。超声传输组件83包括可超声致动的端部执行器50、超声传输波导105、伸出的连接柱74以及外护套85。超声传输波导105包括纵向延伸的管腔72,端部执行器包括纵向延伸的管腔68。护套85包括开口87以连通入口端口73中的流体管路。端部执行器50和超声传输波导105可以用适于传输超声能量的材料(例如Ti6Al4V(包含铝和钒的钛合金)、铝、不锈钢或其他已知的材料)形成为一体式组件。作为另外一种选择,可形成端部执行器50使得其可从超声传输波导105上拆下或分离(以及具有不同的组成),并通过(例如)螺柱、焊接、胶水、快速接头或其他已知的方法连接。在任何一种实施方式中,纵向延伸的管腔72和68都基本上对齐。超声传输波导105的长度可以基本上等于(例如)二分之一波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。超声传输波导105可由实芯轴制成,而实芯轴由有效传播超声能的材料(例如,钛合金(即Ti6Al4V)或铝合金)构成。
在图6所示的实施例中,超声传输波导105通过安装O形环108和密封环110设置在外护套85内。沿着超声传输波导105也可以包括一个或多个附加的阻尼器或支承构件(未示出)。超声传输波导105通过绝缘销轴112固定到外护套85上,其中绝缘销轴112穿过外护套85中的安装孔114和超声传输波导104中的安装孔116。
图7A示出了外科手术系统200的一个实施例,该系统包括连接到超声发生器12的外科手术器械202。在图7A所示的实施例中,超声外科手术器械202为超声夹持凝固器。外科手术器械202包括超声驱动单元204。根据该实施方式,超声驱动单元204可包括超声换能器14(图1)或超声换能器114(图4)。因此,为了方便明了,在此不再对超声驱动单元204的运行进行赘述。超声驱动单元204的超声换能器连接到外科手术器械202的超声端部执行器206。这些元件一起提供外科手术系统200的声学组件,该声学组件由发生器12提供动力时可以为外科手术提供超声能量。应注意的是,在一些应用中,超声驱动单元204可称为“手把组件”,因为外科手术系统200的外科手术器械202被构造成使得临床医生在各种手术和操作中可握紧并操纵超声驱动单元204。超声器械202可包括剪刀状夹紧装置,该装置除了有利于操纵超声驱动单元204外还有利于定位和操纵器械202。
如此前所讨论,外科手术系统200的发生器12以选定的由发生器12的控制系统决定的偏移、频率和相位通过电缆42发送电信号。如此前所讨论,该信号使外科手术器械202的声学组件的一个或多个压电元件沿纵向轴线膨胀和收缩,从而将电能转换为纵向机械运动。该机械运动引起超声能量的纵波,该纵波以声学驻波的形式在声学组件中传播,从而使声学组件以选定的频率和偏移振动。端部执行器206与患者的组织接触,以便将超声能量传递到组织。例如,端部执行器206的末端部分或刀片208可与组织接触。如下文进一步所述,可利用诸如夹具或夹紧机构210的外科手术工具将组织紧压在刀片208上。
当端部执行器206与组织连接时,由于组织内部的摩擦、声吸收以及粘滞损失产生了热能或热量。这样的热量足以使蛋白质氢键断裂,从而使高度结构化的蛋白质(例如胶原蛋白和肌肉蛋白)变性(例如组织化程度降低)。由于蛋白质变性形成的粘性凝块会封闭或凝固小血管。该效应持续较长时间时则会造成更大血管的深度凝固。
将超声能量传输至组织会导致包括机械撕裂、切割、空蚀、细胞破碎以及乳化在内的其他效应。所得切割量和凝固程度随以下因素变化:端部执行器206的偏移、振动频率、使用者施加的压力值、刀片208的锋利度,以及端部执行器206与组织之间的连接。
如此前所讨论,发生器12包括与发生器12形成一体的控制系统、电源开关8以及触发机构44。电源开关34控制传输至发生器12的电能,并且当由触发机构44启动时,发生器12提供能量以预定的频率驱动外科手术系统200的声学组件,并且以预定的偏移水平驱动端部执行器180。发生器12以任何合适的声学组件的共振频率来驱动或启动声学组件。
当发生器12通过触发机构44启动时,电信号形式的电能连续地由发生器12施加到如此前所讨论的声学组件24(图1)或124(图4)的换能器叠堆件或组件上。发生器12的控制系统中的锁相环路监控声学组件的反馈。该锁相环路调整由发生器12发送的电信号频率,以与声学组件(包括组织负荷)的频率匹配。此外,控制系统中的第二反馈回路将传送至声学组件的电信号的电流振幅维持在预先选定的恒定水平,以实现声学组件的端部执行器206处的基本恒定的偏移。可检测组织负荷,并将其作为表征超声刀片208操作状态的反馈信号。
传送至声学组件的电信号将使端部执行器206的远端(例如刀片208)在(例如)大约20kHz至250kHz、优选地在约54kHz至56kHz、并且最优选地在约55.5kHz的范围内纵向振动。可通过(例如)控制由发生器12施加到声学组件的换能器组件的电信号的振幅来控制刀片208处的振动偏移。
如此前所讨论,发生器12的触发机构44允许使用者启动发生器12,使得电能可连续地输送到声学组件。触发机构44可包括脚踏式激发开关,该开关通过电缆或电线可拆卸地连接或附接到发生器12。作为另外一种选择,触发机构44可构造为合并在超声驱动单元204中的手动开关以允许使用者启动发生器12。
发生器12还具有电源线6,以便插入电外科手术单元或常规插座。可以设想发生器12还可通过直流(DC)电源供电,例如电池。发生器12可包括任何合适的发生器,例如得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc的GEN04型发生器。
外科手术器械202的超声驱动单元204包括适于将手术员与声学组件的振动隔离的多元件外壳212。可将驱动单元外壳212成形为使用者能够以常规方式抓握的形状,但可以设想主要通过器械外壳所提供的手枪状装置214来抓持和操纵夹持凝固器器械超声器械202。虽然示出了多元件外壳212,但是外壳212可以包括单个元件或一体式元件。
超声驱动单元204的外壳212通常包括近端、远端,以及在其中纵向延伸的腔体。外壳212的远端包括开口216,其被构造成允许外科手术系统200的声学组件在其中延伸,并且外壳212的近端通过电缆42连接到发生器12。电缆42可包括管道、导管或管腔218,以允许引入冷却流体以及冷却端部执行器206。
超声驱动单元204的外壳212可由诸如的耐用塑料制成。作为另外一种选择,还可以设想外壳212可由包括其他塑料(例如液晶聚合物[LCP]、尼龙或聚碳酸酯)的多种材料制成。合适的超声驱动单元204为得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc的HP054型超声驱动单元。
外科手术器械的声学组件200通常包括第一声学部分和第二声学部分。第一声学部分可由超声驱动单元204承载,并且端部执行器206形式的第二声学部分可由超声夹持凝固器超声器械202承载。第一声学部分的远端优选地通过螺纹连接可操作地连接到第二声学部分的近端。
在图7A所示的实施例中,第一声学部分包括换能器叠堆件或组件14(图1)或114(图4)以及各自的速度变换器28、128和安装表面30,并且第二声学部分包括端部执行器206。端部执行器206可继而包括传输元件或波导220,以及末端部分或刀片208以便与组织接合。波导220可以基本上类似于波导104(图1和图2)或105(图4和图5)。
如此前所讨论,可以对声学组件的元件进行声学调整,使得各元件的长度均为二分之一波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。还设想声学组件可以结合任何合适的声学元件布置。
声学组件的换能器组件将发生器12的电信号转换为机械能,从而使端部执行器206在超声频率下进行纵向振动运动。当为声学组件提供能量时,声学组件中就会产生振动运动驻波。沿着声学元件的任何点处的振动运动偏移取决于沿着声学组件测量振动运动的位置。振动运动驻波的最小或零交点通常称为波节(例如运动通常最小的位置),并且驻波的最大绝对值或峰值通常称为波腹。波腹与距其最近的波节之间的距离为四分之一波长(λ/4)。
如此前结合图1和图4所述,在发生器12提供的电信号的作用下,压电元件32被激活,从而在声学组件24、124中产生声学驻波。电信号使电磁场穿过压电元件32,从而使压电元件32沿电压梯度的纵向轴线以连续的方式膨胀和收缩,进而产生高频超声能量纵波。超声能量通过声学组件24、124传输至端部执行器206。
声学组件的固定器械84具有近端、远端,并且其长度基本上等于二分之一波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。固定器械84的近端可通过靠近波腹的内螺纹连接在轴向上对准并连接至第二共振器94的远端。还可设想固定器械84可以通过任何合适的装置连接到第二共振器94,并且第二共振器94和固定器械84可形成单个元件或一体式元件。
夹持凝固器超声外科手术器械202的近端优选地通过将驱动单元204插入外壳212来接纳超声驱动单元204的远端并装配在一起。夹持凝固器超声外科手术器械202可作为一个单元连接到超声驱动单元204,并且可从超声驱动单元204上拆下。夹持凝固器超声外科手术器械202可在单次使用后丢弃。
夹持凝固器超声外科手术器械202可包括细长部分或内窥镜部分222。当本器械被构造用于内窥镜检查时,其构造的尺寸可以使得细长部分222具有约5.5mm的外径。夹持凝固器超声外科手术器械202的细长部分222的延伸方向可以基本上与器械外壳204垂直。细长部分222可选择性地相对外壳204旋转,如下文所述。细长部分222可包括外部管状构件或护套224、内部管状致动构件226、以及端部执行器206形式(包括刀片208)的声学系统第二声学部分。外护套224、致动构件226以及端部执行器206可接合在一起,以便作为整体单元(与超声驱动单元204)通过旋钮228相对于外壳212进行分度旋转。
端部执行器206可包括波导220。波导220可以基本上为半柔性的。作为另外一种选择,公认的是波导220可以基本上为刚性的,或可以包括软线。如本领域中所熟知的,波导220可被构造成放大通过波导220传输至刀片208的机械振动。波导220还可具有控制沿波导220的纵向振动增益的结构,并且具有将波导220调谐至系统共振频率的结构。
公认的是刀片208可以具有任何合适的横截面尺寸。例如,刀片208可具有基本上均匀的横截面,或者刀片208可在多个截面处渐缩或可沿其整个长度渐缩。根据多个实施例,刀片208可以为机械锋利的(由刀刃形成),或者可以为机械钝性的。刀片208的远端设置在波腹附近,以便在声学组件未被组织承载时将其调谐至优选的共振频率fo。当为换能器组件提供能量时,刀片208的远端被构造成以预定的振动频率fo在(例如)峰至峰距离为约10至500微米范围内、优选地约10至约100微米的范围内纵向运动。根据图示的实施例,刀片208可为圆柱形的以配合夹持凝固器超声外科手术器械202的相关夹紧机构。可以对波导220和刀片208进行合适的表面处理,如本领域中所知。
图7B示出可与图7A所示外科手术器械210一同使用的夹紧机构的一个实施例;夹紧机构210可被构造用于与端部执行器206的刀片208配合使用。夹紧机构208包括可枢转运动的夹臂230,该夹臂在其远端可枢转地连接至外部管状护套224的远端。夹臂230包括夹臂组织垫232,该夹臂组织垫优选地由
Figure GPA00001011271900211
或其他合适的低摩擦材料形成,安装夹臂组织垫以便与刀片208配合,而夹臂230的枢转运动使夹持垫232基本上与刀片208平行并且与之接触。通过此构造,待夹持的组织就被夹在组织垫232和刀片208之间。组织垫232可具有锯齿状构造,该构造包括多个轴向间隔的向近端延伸的夹齿234,以便与刀片208配合加强对组织的夹持。
通过在夹臂230的近端提供其至少一个(优选一对)杠杆部分236来使夹臂230相对于刀片208枢转运动。杠杆部分236设置在端部执行器206和刀片208各自的相对侧,并且与往复致动构件226的驱动部分238可操作地接合。致动构件226相对于外部管状护套224和端部执行器206往复运动,从而使夹臂230相对于刀片208枢转运动。杠杆部分236可分别设置在由驱动部分238限定的一对开口中,或者与该开口进行适当的机械连接,由此致动构件226的往复运动通过驱动部分238和杠杆部分236作用以使得夹臂230枢转运动。
超声波导220和刀片208可包括内管腔240,该内管腔纵向延伸以按照箭头242所指方向将流体接纳并转移至目标部位。目标部位可以为(例如)切除部位、凝固部位或组织焊接部位。管腔240流体连接到流体泵64。在该实施例(图7A、7B所示)中,如果超声驱动单元204实施为图1所示的超声换能器14,则管腔240从超声传输波导220延伸穿过连接柱54、中空螺柱48、速度变换器28、端罩22、前罩20、端罩22、超声换能器14、以及连接螺柱或螺栓35,并且穿过一个或多个管腔218流体连接到流体泵64。在图7A、7B所示的实施例中,超声驱动单元204实施为如图4所示的超声换能器114。因此,管腔240从超声传输波导220延伸穿过连接柱74,并且穿过入口端口73流体连接到流体泵64。流体泵64流体连接到管腔240,使得流体从流体泵64连通到刀片208并且如箭头242所示那样从刀片208的远端散发到目标部位中。在一个实施例中,在流体被流体泵64抽入管腔240之前,可将流体冷却、加热,或者,通过流体温度调节器65来控制其温度。在一个实施例中,流体可以通过管腔240连接到夹臂230中形成的流道244。因此,流体可以如箭头246所示的那样流动通过夹臂230并且从流道244中散发。
图8示出超声器械300的一个实施例,该超声器械包括换能器316、端部执行器324、以及全长内管腔308。超声波导320在连接器或连接件/接头328处连接到超声换能器316。连接器328基本上类似于结合图2所述的连接器70。全长内管腔308从器械300的近端通过换能器316和端部执行器324延伸到端部执行器324的远端。管腔308纵向延伸穿过器械300的若干段。管腔308延伸穿过压电元件310形成的孔312和超声换能器316形成的孔314。内管腔308还延伸穿过在超声波导320内形成的孔318,而且还延伸穿过在端部执行器324内形成的孔322。孔312、314、318以及322大体上同轴对齐并且流体连接。
流体管路302流体连接到内管腔308的近端,并且通过其传导流体304。流体管路302接纳来自流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的流体304。如果要将流体304用于冷却,则将流体304直接从流体泵64导入内管腔308,其中该流体从端部执行器324的远端36流出。如果要将流体304用于加热或使端部执行器324保持预定温度,则使流体304循环流经流体温度调节器65,然后通过流体泵64连续或间歇地将其导入管腔308。流体管路302穿过器械300的外壳部分306进行接纳,并且该流体管路流体连接到内管腔308。流体304从端部执行器324的远端326散发或流出。流体304调节端部执行器324的温度和/或外科手术区域或目标部位的周围组织的温度。
发生器12或控制器67(下文称为控制器67)包括电路,该电路可被设置用于控制对流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的操作。控制器67接收直接或间接测量端部执行器324的温度的反馈信号。在一个实施例中,如下文更为详细地描述的那样,控制器67可连接到温度传感器,并且接收直接表征端部执行器324、流体304或器械300的其他元件的温度的第一反馈信号。在一个实施例中,如下文更为详细地描述的那样,控制器67可连接到发生器12,并且接收间接表征端部执行器324、流体304或器械300的其他元件的温度的第二反馈信号。控制器67与流体泵64电气连通(如电连接)。控制器67可控制流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的操作,所用方式既可为不采用反馈信号的开环方式;也可为采用反馈信号的闭环方式。在任何一种实施方式中,控制器67可以连续或间歇地操作流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65以加热、冷却或换句话讲调节流体304、端部执行器324、目标部位内的组织、和/或外科手术器械300的任何其他元件的温度。
在一个实施例中,可以通过采用端部执行器的温度测量信号作为对控制器67的反馈机制来控制或调节超声端部执行器324的温度。根据该温度反馈信号,控制器67通过经管腔308导入或注入水或另一冷却流体304来控制流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的操作,以将端部执行器324的温度控制或调节到预定温度。导入或注入特定温度的流体304将使端部执行器324保持该温度并吸收该系统中的多余能量,否则这些多余能量将使目标部位的组织脱水。可以通过系统的频率变化或直接测量端部执行器或护套的温度来测量端部执行器324的温度。在多个实施例中,可以使用声传感器来测量频率。可以通过使冷却流体304冷却并将其经端部执行器324导入或注入来控制端部执行器的温度。冷却流体304可用来冷却超声端部执行器324。控制器67和/或发生器12可用来测量端部执行器324的频率变化。
已经知道,端部执行器324的频率作为端部执行器324的温度的函数而变化。因此,可以通过测量超声换能器316系统的共振频率来获得超声端部执行器324在使用过程中的近似温度。例如,当端部执行器324在使用过程中温度增加时,超声换能器316系统的共振频率会下降。在一个实施例中,控制器67和/或发生器12可用来检测超声换能器316系统的频率变化,从而推导出对端部执行器324的温度的间接测量结果。控制器67和/或发生器12可根据频率反馈信号71来确定端部执行器324的温度。频率反馈信号71与端部执行器324的温度成比例。根据频率反馈信号71,控制器67控制提供给外科手术区域或端部执行器324的流体304的流速和/或温度,从而调节端部执行器324的温度。可通过将温度低于端部执行器324的流体304经端部执行器324连续或间歇地导入或导入目标部位的组织,以设定和/或维持预定温度,从而使端部执行器324冷却。根据超声换能器316系统的频率变化对端部执行器324的温度进行的间接测量,可以凭经验通过实验或设计参数来确定,并且被编程到超声信号发生器12或控制器67(如在器械内的集成电路中)中。将端部执行器324维持在预定温度所需的流体温度或流体泵64的间歇操作频率也可以凭经验确定。冷却流体304可经内管腔308或在器械300内形成的套管,以将端部执行器324保持在规定温度可能所必需的任何预定流速导入。在另一个实施例中,该流体可被流体温度调节器65调节到预定温度,然后以预定流速流经内管腔308,从而将任何多余的热量转移出系统。
超声端部执行器324的主体内形成的滴注管腔308还形成射流导管,从而向目标部位提供相对恒定或间歇的滴注。在一个实施例中,端部执行器324的滴注管腔308可以流体连接到滴注泵64,该滴注泵被设计用于连续或间歇启动。超声端部执行器324可用于组织切割和/或止血(如凝固)。在此过程中,泵64保持关闭或处于无流状态。一旦从端部执行器324中移除了组织负荷,则超声信号发生器12会感测出无负荷状态,并向控制器67提供指示超声端部执行器324的操作状态的反馈信号,以连续或间歇地控制泵64在特定周期内将流体304提供到端部执行器324。在一个实施例中,流体304可以为冷却流体。如上所述,在一个实施例中,控制器67和/或超声信号发生器12可被调适并配置用于通过根据换能器316的系统频率获得的温度参考测量或间接测量结果来感测端部执行器324的温度。可以将流体304连续或间歇地导入或注入端部执行器324,直到端部执行器324达到预定温度。
在另一个实施例中,超声信号发生器12或控制器67可被调适并配置用于在停止操作端部执行器324之后,控制在特定周期内将流体304导入或注入端部执行器324。在多个实施例中,控制器67可被调适并配置用于在超声信号发生器12并未主动驱动超声换能器316时,控制将流体304导入或注入端部执行器324。流体304的导入或注入可以不受任何温度或频率反馈信号的支配。例如,流体304的导入或注入可持续预定时间和/或预定的重复周期。在另一个实施例中,可以在此期间监测端部执行器324的温度,以将端部执行器324的温度控制到特定温度。
图9示出了超声器械400的一个实施例的远端,该远端包括部分长度的内管腔408。超声器械400包括连接到超声换能器的实芯超声波导402,该超声换能器类似于箭头404所示方向上的超声换能器114(图4)。实芯波导402连接到端部执行器410。端部执行器410和/或波导402包括位于波节412处的输入口406,其用于接纳来自流体泵64(图4)和/或流体温度调节器65(图4)的流体304,以冷却、加热、或换句话讲控制或调节流体304和/或端部执行器410的温度。输入口406流体连接到部分长度的内管腔408。流体管路302(图8)可以流体连接到波节412处的输入口406,以将流体304导入部分长度的内管腔408。部分长度的内管腔408的第一部分纵向延伸穿过端部执行器410的远端414,其中流体304通过该远端散发或流出。部分长度的内管腔408的第二部分从第一部分斜向或横向地延伸,并穿过端部执行器410的侧部。在所示实施例中,该第二部分从第一部分横向地延伸,并且延伸穿过波导402的侧部。如以上结合图8所述,控制器67连续或间歇地控制流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的操作,以加热、冷却、或换句话讲调节流体304和/或端部执行器410的温度。如下文更为详细地所述,在另一个实施例中,冷却流体304可以从在围绕波导402的外护套内形成的管腔或从连接到该护套的流体输入口406导入、注入、馈送或提供。这两种技术均适于将流体304导入、注入、喷射或换句话讲引入端部执行器324的外部部分,以控制其温度。
图10示出超声器械500的一个实施例。图11示出超声器械500的远端的细部图。结合图10和11,超声器械500包括图8中所述的器械300,该器械具有设置在超声传输波导320上的外护套326。如上所述,超声器械300包括换能器316、端部执行器324、以及全长内管腔308。外护套326通过设置在多个波节处的多个稳定硅氧烷环或适形支承件328与波导320隔离。适形支承件328抑制不可取的振动,并且使可移除的护套326与超声能量隔离,以确保纵向的超声能量流以最大效率到达端部执行器324的远端。
如上所述,全长内管腔308从器械300的近端穿过换能器316和端部执行器324延伸到端部执行器324的远端。管腔308流体连接到流体管路302以接纳来自流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的流体304,并且将流体304导入端部执行器324。流体304从端部执行器324的远端326经孔322散发或流出。
如上所述,端部执行器324的温度可以直接或间接测得。在一个实施例中,可以直接使用温度传感器、间接地通过测量端部执行器324的运行频率并推导其温度、或使用这些技术的组合来确定端部执行器324的温度。控制器67接收来自温度传感器330(图12、13、16-20、23、以及24)的温度反馈信号332、频率反馈信号71、或它们的组合,从而确定端部执行器324的温度。控制器67使用反馈信息,通过控制流体304的流速和/或温度来调节端部执行器324的温度。温度传感器330可以包括(例如)热电偶型装置或热敏电阻型装置。如上所述,为调节端部执行器324的温度,控制器67连续地、间歇地或在预定时间内控制流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的操作。在所示实施例中,通过检测端部执行器324运行频率的变化并向控制器67提供频率反馈信号71,可以间接地测量端部执行器324的温度。控制器67根据相关的频率反馈信号71确定端部执行器324的温度,并且控制提供给端部执行器324或目标部位的流体304的流速和/或温度,从而调节端部执行器324的温度。控制器67还控制对流体泵64的操作。
图12示出超声器械600的一个实施例。图13示出超声器械600的远端的细部图。结合图12和13,超声器械600包括图10和11所述的器械400,并且还包括位于外护套326内的温度传感器330以测量端部执行器324的温度。如上所述,超声器械600包括换能器316、端部执行器324、以及全长内管腔308。温度传感器330向控制器67提供温度反馈信号332。任选地,可以通过检测端部执行器324的频率并向控制器67提供频率反馈信号71来测量端部执行器324的温度。在所示实施例中,控制器67可以根据温度反馈信号332、或频率反馈信号71、或它们的组合来确定端部执行器324的温度。控制器67根据温度反馈信号332、频率反馈信号71、或它们的组合对提供给端部执行器324或目标部位的流体304的流速和/或温度进行调整,从而调节端部执行器324的温度。
图14示出超声器械700的一个实施例。图15示出超声器械700的远端的细部图。结合图14和15,在一个实施例中,超声器械700包括换能器336、具有实芯主体的端部执行器340、外护套342、以及位于外护套342内的套管、管腔、导管、或管344。端部执行器340、超声波导338、以及换能器336包括不具有内管腔的实芯主体。管344可以位于超声波导338的主体和外护套342之间。管344经外护套342中形成的开口348或输入口插入。管344流体连接到流体管路302和流体泵64。该管接纳来自流体泵64的流体304。可通过发生器12或控制器67间接测量端部执行器340的温度,具体方式是检测端部执行器340运行频率的变化,向控制器67提供频率反馈信号71,根据频率确定端部执行器340的温度。控制器67接收频率反馈信号71,并且根据频率反馈信号71确定端部执行器340的温度。控制器67通过控制导入端部执行器340和目标部位的流体304的流速和/或温度来调节端部执行器340的温度,直到端部执行器340达到所需温度。如上所述,控制器67可以连续或间歇地控制流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的操作,从而调节端部执行器340的温度。在所示实施例中,流体经管344提供。然而,在其他实施例中,可将流体304经开口348直接导入、馈送、或提供到外护套342内形成的管腔中或介于外护套342和波导338之间的空间中。这两种技术均适于在端部执行器340的外部部分上导入、喷射、或引入流体304以控制其温度。
图16示出超声器械800的一个实施例。图17示出超声器械800的远端的细部图。超声器械800包括图14和15所述的器械700,而且还包括位于外护套342内的温度传感器330以测量端部执行器340的温度。如上所述,超声器械800包括换能器336、具有实芯主体的端部执行器340、外护套342、以及位于外护套342内的套管、管腔、导管、或管344。端部执行器340、超声波导338、以及换能器336包括不具有内管腔的实芯主体。管344可以位于超声波导338的主体和外护套342之间。管344经外护套342中形成的开口348或输入口插入。管344流体连接到流体管路302和流体泵64。管344接纳来自流体泵64的流体304。温度传感器330向控制器67提供温度反馈信号332。在一个实施例中,可通过检测端部执行器340的频率并向控制器67提供频率反馈信号71来测量端部执行器340的温度,从而调整流入目标部位的流体304的流速和/或温度,进而调节端部执行器340的温度。在一个实施例中,可以使用这些技术的组合来确定端部执行器324的温度。如上所述,根据温度反馈信号332、频率反馈信号71、或它们的组合,控制器67确定端部执行器340的温度,并通过控制由流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65提供给端部执行器340和目标部位的流体304的流速和/或温度来调节端部执行器340的温度,直至达到所需的温度。可以连续或间歇地操作流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65,直至达到所需温度。流体304可以经外护套342内形成的管344馈送、提供、或导入,以及经开口348提供。此技术还适于在端部执行器340的外部上将流体304喷射、导入、或换句话讲引入以控制其温度。
图18示出超声器械900的一个实施例,该超声器械包括换能器316、端部执行器354、以及全长密封内管腔352。超声波导320在连接器或连接件/接头328处连接到超声换能器316。连接器328基本上类似于结合图2所述的连接器70。全长密封内管腔352从器械300的近端穿过换能器316和端部执行器354延伸到端部执行器324的远端。密封内管腔352纵向延伸穿过器械300的若干段。密封内管腔352延伸穿过压电元件310中形成的孔312和超声换能器316中形成的孔314。密封内管腔352还延伸穿过超声波导320内形成的孔318,而且还延伸穿过端部执行器354内形成的孔322。端部执行器354的远端326是密封的。孔312、314、318、以及322大体上同轴对齐。
在一个实施例中,内管腔352填充有相变材料350。相变材料350被密封在内管腔352中。相变材料350可以包括从固相或液相变化到气相的任何材料。相变材料350控制端部执行器354的温度。当相变材料350从固相或液相变化到气相时,其吸收热量,从而将端部执行器354维持在特定温度。相变材料350可用作热管材料,吸收端部执行器/组织界面处的热量并将此热量远离该界面释放。热导管是一种热传递机构,其可以在热界面和冷界面之间的温度差异非常小的情况下传送大量热量。热导管可以包括密封中空管,例如密封内管腔352。波导320和端部执行器354可以由具有导热性质的T i 6Al 4V(包含铝和钒的钛合金)、铝、不锈钢、或其他合适的材料形成。该导管由波导320和端部执行器354形成,包括密封内管腔352,该密封内管腔填充有相对少量的用作“工作流体”或冷却剂(例如水、乙醇、或汞)的相变材料350。该导管的其余部分填充蒸汽相的相变材料350或工作流体,并且不含任何其他气体。
在一个实施例中,可以将温度传感器330嵌入器械护套(如图12中的护套326)或端部执行器354以测量和关联端部执行器324的温度。温度传感器330可以包括(例如)热电偶型装置或热敏电阻型装置。
图19示出超声器械1000的一个实施例的远端,该远端包括部分长度的密封内管腔416。超声器械1000包括连接到超声换能器的实芯超声波导402,该超声换能器类似于箭头404所示方向上的超声换能器114(图4)。实芯波导402连接到端部执行器418。部分长度的密封内管腔416可以延伸到端部执行器418的区域和/或波导402的区域。可将相变材料350设置在超声器械1000的端部执行器418部分和/或波导402部分中的部分长度的密封内管腔416内。如上所述,相变材料350可以包括任何从固相或液相变化到气相的材料。将相变材料350放置在部分长度的密封内管腔416内以控制端部执行器418的温度。
在一个实施例中,可以将温度传感器330嵌入器械护套(如图12的护套326)或端部执行器418以测量和关联端部执行器418的温度。温度传感器330可以包括(例如)热电偶型装置或热敏电阻型装置。
图20示出组织焊接设备1100的一个实施例。组织焊接设备1100可用于切断和焊接组织1112。在一个实施例中,组织焊接设备1100包括手柄1102、轴1104、以及在枢轴1108处枢转连接到轴1104的组织焊接端部执行器1106。使用位于手柄1102上的控制器可以有利于对组织焊接端部执行器1106进行放置和取向,所述控制器包括用于使轴1104和组织焊接端部执行器1106绕轴旋转的旋钮1100。在一个实施例中,用于使端部执行器1106相对于轴1104绕铰接枢轴1108旋转或铰接的铰接控制器可以有助于对组织焊接端部执行器1106进行放置和取向。在多个实施例中,组织焊接设备1100的手柄1102可以包括关闭触发器1114和启动触发器1116,用于对组织焊接端部执行器1106致动,如下文所更为详细地描述。然而应了解,具有被配置用于执行不同外科手术任务的端部执行器的器械可以具有不同数目或类型的触发器或其他合适的控制器以便于操作组织焊接端部执行器1106。此外,如上所述,应当理解,本文根据临床医生握住组织焊接设备1100的手柄1102的情况来使用术语“近端”和“远端”。因此,组织焊接端部执行器1106相对于手柄1102而言处于远端。
在所示实施例中,组织焊接端部执行器1106可以被配置用于(例如)夹持、切断、以及焊接软组织。在其他实施例中,可以使用不同类型的端部执行器,例如抓紧器、切割器、纤维切断机、施夹器、接入装置、药物/基因治疗装置、以及超声波、RF和/或激光装置。此外,组织焊接端部执行器1106可以包括超声组织处理刀片1118和可平移夹紧构件(例如砧1120),其中超声组织处理刀片1118和砧1120可以相对设置、或留有间隔,以确保组织焊接端部执行器1106中夹持的软组织1112被恰当焊接和切割。手柄1102可以包括手枪式握把1122,可将关闭触发器1114朝该手枪式握把可枢转地拖曳,以使砧1120移向超声组织处理刀片1118并夹持位于砧1120和超声组织处理刀片1118之间的组织1112。换句话说,一旦临床医生满意端部执行器1106的定位,则临床医生可以将关闭触发器1114拉回到某个位置,当其处在该位置时砧1120完全关闭并且关闭触发器1114锁定。然后,可将启动触发器1116朝手枪式握把1122可枢转地拖曳,以焊接和切断端部执行器1106所夹持的软组织1120。
如以下图21和22所示,组织焊接端部执行器1106包括输入管路1130和输出管路1132。输入管路1130将流体304从流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65导入组织焊接超声刀片1118。可以通过将刀片1118的表面温度维持在组织1112可以凝固的温度与组织不会干燥的温度之间的一点来得到强凝固区域。降低超声刀片1118的温度使得刀片1118能够较长时间接触组织1112。这使接触刀片1118的组织1112的两侧和砧1120的组织夹紧部分上形成的接合垫1126能够形成有效凝固区,从而提高组织1112的焊接强度。如下文结合图24所述,在另一个实施例中,可以使相同的刀片1118冷却流体流经接合垫1126,以提高刀片1118的相对侧上的组织1112的温度。
图21示出组织焊接设备1100的端部执行器1106部分的一个实施例。输入管路1130流体连接到流体泵64(图20),并且接纳来自流体泵64的流体。输入管路1130设置在刀片1118之下。输出管路1132流体连接到流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65。用流体泵64来循环流体。在一个实施例中,在用流体泵64使流体经输入管路1130进行循环之前,可以用流体温度调节器65加热该流体。
图22为沿线22--22截取的组织焊接设备1100的端部执行器1106部分的底视图。结合图20-22,组织焊接设备1100可以连接到发生器12以操作组织焊接超声刀片1118。组织焊接超声刀片1118还可以连接到输入管路1130和输出管路1132。流体泵64流体连接到输入管路1130和输出管路1132。泵64使流体经输入管路1130和输出管路1132循环。为加热流体,可以将流体循环到流体温度调节器65。控制器67控制对流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65的操作。流体经输入管路1130从流体泵64连通到刀片1118,并且该流体经输出管路1132返回到流体泵64或流体温度调节器65。在一个实施例中,在用流体泵64将流体连续或间歇地抽入流体输入管路1130之前,可以通过流体温度调节器65将该流体加热。
图23示出多元件端部执行器1140的一个实施例,该多元件端部执行器包括超声刀片1142和夹紧机构1144。可以如上所述那样对超声刀片1142进行操作,这里为了简洁起见将不再赘述。夹紧机构1144枢转连接到超声器械的细长构件或内窥镜部分1148。夹紧机构1144包括夹臂1145和接合垫1146。夹紧机构1144适于将组织夹持在接合垫1114和超声刀片1142之间。接合垫1146形成有效凝固区以提高组织的焊接强度。
在一个实施例中,夹臂1145包括内管腔1150以接纳来自流体泵64a的第一流体1154。在流体1154流经管腔1150之前,可以通过流体温度调节器65a将其加热。在一个实施例中,超声刀片1142包括另一个内管腔1152以接纳来自流体泵64b的流体1156。在流体1156流经管腔1152之前,可以通过流体温度调节器65b将其加热。流体1150、1152既可以为相同流体,也可以为不同流体。可以将来自相同流体源或不同流体源的流体1150、1152提供给管腔1150、1152。例如,流体泵64a、64b中的任何一个和/或流体温度调节器65a、65b中的任何一个均可同时向管腔1152、1150提供流体。
如上所述,使用时,通过测量超声系统的共振频率可以得到超声刀片1142的近似温度。当刀片1142的温度变化时,超声系统的共振频率也会变化。例如,当刀片1142的温度升高时,超声系统的共振频率降低;当刀片1142的温度降低时,超声系统的共振频率增大。因此,可以通过测量共振频率与参考温度点处测得的参考频率的偏差,推断出刀片1142的温度。在一个实施例中,可以推断出刀片1142的温度,而且可以测量超声系统的共振频率的偏差并且将其用于调整经各自的管腔1150、1152流入外科手术区域的流体1154、1156的流速和/或温度。此机制可用于调整刀片1142和/或接合垫1146的温度。
如上所述,可以通过实验或设计参数凭经验确定将刀片1142和/或垫1146维持在预定温度所需的实际的频率反馈机制和控制方法,并且将其编程到超声信号发生器12、集成电路、或控制器67中。可以使具有预定或所需温度的流体1154、1156流过,来控制或调节其对应的垫1146和/或刀片1142的温度。例如,可使温度低于刀片1142温度(根据对超声系统进行频率测量推断得到)的流体1156流过来使刀片1142冷却。例如,可使温度高于刀片1142温度(根据对超声系统进行频率测量推断得到)的流体1154流过来加热垫1146。可以使用将垫和/或刀片保持在预定的温度所必需的流速使流体1152、1154流过垫1146和/或刀片1152。在另一个实施例中,可以通过流体温度调节器65a、65b将流体1154、1156中的任何一者加热到所需的温度,然后使其以适当的流速流过管腔1150、1152中的任何一个,以将热能转移到系统中或转移出系统。
在一个实施例中,可以用各自的温度传感器1158、1160来测量垫1146和/或刀片1142的温度。第一和第二温度传感器1158、1160可以为热电偶或热敏电阻器类型的装置,并且可以被嵌入细长构件或内窥镜部分1148或护套、刀片1142、垫1146、和/或夹紧机构1144的其他合适部分(例如夹臂1145)。温度传感器1158、1160向控制器67提供各自的第一和第二温度反馈信号1162、1164,以关联垫1146或刀片1142的温度。在组织焊接应用中,可以通过将刀片1142的表面温度维持在某一点来实现强力凝固区,该点介于可发生组织凝固但不会发生组织脱水之间。降低刀片1142的温度使刀片1142能够较长时间接触组织。这使接触刀片1142的组织侧以及接触接合垫1146的组织侧均可形成有效的凝固区,从而提高组织的焊接强度。
在一个实施例中,超声刀片1142或接合垫1146的温度可以通过以下方法进行控制:采用刀片温度测量作为反馈机制,并将预定温度的水或其他流体1154、1156注入刀片垫1146或刀片1142,以维持、调节或以其他方式控制它们的温度。例如,以特定温度、特定流速以及经历特定时间将水注入可以把刀片1142维持在该温度下,并且从系统中吸收多余的能量,否则多余的能量将使组织脱水。可以通过系统的频率变化或变化或直接用传感器1162、1164进行测量,来测定垫1146或刀片1142的温度。可以通过从其中以预定温度注入流体1154、1156来调节垫1146或刀片1142的温度。在一个实施例中,可以采用流体1156来冷却超声刀片1142,而且可以采用流体1154来加热器械的接合垫1146侧。
图24示出了多元件端部执行器1170的一个实施例,该多元件端部执行器包括超声刀片1172和夹紧机构1174。可以如上所述操作超声刀片1172,在此为了简洁起见不再赘述。夹紧机构1174可枢转地连接到超声器械的细长构件或内窥镜部分。夹紧机构1174包括夹臂1176和接合垫1178。夹紧机构1174适于将组织夹在接合垫1178和超声刀片1172之间。接合垫1178形成有效凝固区以提高组织的焊接强度。在一个实施例中,提供流体管路1180以接纳流体1182。将流体管路1180设置在刀片1172的主体部分1184中。然后,引导流体管路1180通过夹臂1176,并将其设置在靠近接合垫1178处。流体1182通过出口端1186从夹臂1176中流出。因此,引导相同的刀片冷却流体1182穿过接合垫1178,以增加刀片1172相对侧上组织的温度。
图25为图解1200,其示出了本文所述的采用外部温度测量装置的超声器械的多个实施例的操作。在一个实施例中,温度测量装置可以包括温度传感器330以向上文结合图12、13、16至20、23以及24所述的控制器67提供温度反馈信号332。向控制器67提供温度反馈信号332以调节流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65。当手术员(如外科医生)触发1202触发机构44以启动1204发生器12时,开始进行外科手术。手术员使用超声器械来横切1206组织。在手术过程中,超声系统的元件(例如发生器12或控制器67)通过监控来自温度传感器330(位于端部执行器附近)的温度反馈信号332来监控1208超声刀片的温度变化。在一个实施例中,温度传感器330可位于夹臂组件中、嵌入刀片中、或位于护套内、或在其附近。控制器67根据温度反馈信号332操作流体泵64,以连续或间歇地泵送流体通过刀片,从而维持或调节刀片的温度。为结束手术,手术员释放1212触发机构,并且关闭1214发生器12。流体泵64继续泵送流体通过刀片,并维持一段预定的时间或直至刀片达到预定的温度。应了解在多个实施例中,在发生器已关闭前流体将不会通过端部执行器来抽送。
图26为图解1300,其示出了本文所述的采用频移测温技术的超声器械的多个实施例的操作。在一个实施例中,根据共振频率偏移(通常由于刀片的温度变化而引起),可以采用频移测温技术来获取超声刀片的温度。这些技术采用如上文结合图8和图10至17所述的频率反馈信号71。可以通过发生器12或控制器67来测量频移。向控制器67提供频率反馈信号71以调节流体泵64和/或流体温度调节器65。当手术员(如外科医生)触发1302触发机构44以启动1304发生器12时,开始进行外科手术。手术员采用超声器械来横切1306组织。在手术过程中,超声系统的元件(例如发生器12或控制器67)通过监控与超声刀片的温度成比例的频率反馈信号71来监控1308超声刀片的温度变化。控制器67根据温度反馈信号332操作流体泵64,连续或间歇地泵送流体通过刀片以维持或调节刀片的温度。为结束外科手术,手术员释放1312触发机构并且关闭1314发生器12。流体泵64继续泵送流体通过刀片,并持续一段预定的时间或直至刀片达到预定的温度。应了解在多个实施例中,在发生器已关闭前流体将不会通过端部执行器来抽送。
本文所公开的器械可被设计为单次使用后丢弃,或者它们可被设计为可使用多次。然而在任一种情况下,均可对该器械进行修复,从而在至少使用一次后再次使用。修复可包括以下步骤的任何组合:拆卸器械,然后清洗或更换特定零件,以及重新组装。具体地讲,可拆卸该器械,并且可按照任何组合选择性地更换或拆下器械的任何数量的特定零件或部件。清洗和/或更换特定部件后,可在紧接外科手术之前在修复设备上或由外科手术团队将器械重新组装好,以供后续使用。本领域的技术人员将会知道,修复器械时可利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洗/更换和重新组装。这些技术的使用以及所得的修复器械均在本发明的范围内。
图7A、图7B以及图20至24示出了具有刀片和夹臂组件的多个实施例,其中夹臂组件具有近端组织垫段、远端组织垫段以及组织垫插入段。夹臂组件相对于刀片的枢转运动可能会因在夹臂组件的夹臂部分上提供了一对枢轴点而受到影响,其中夹臂组件通过焊接销轴紧固件或其他紧固装置(未示出)与超声外科手术器械接合。组织垫段可以通过机械方式连接到夹臂上,包括(例如)铆钉、胶水、粘接剂、环氧树脂、压力装配或本领域已知的任何其他紧固装置。此外,组织垫段可以通过任何已知的方式可拆卸地连接到夹臂上。
在多个实施例中,夹臂可以具有T型狭槽,用来接纳近端组织垫段、远端组织垫段和组织垫插入段的T型凸缘。在多个实施例中,一体式组织垫组件可以具有近端组织垫段、远端组织垫段和组织垫插入段,并且还具有接纳到夹臂组件的T型狭槽内的T型凸缘。可以设想包括鸠尾狭槽和楔形凸缘的其他构型。正如本领域的技术人员可以理解的那样,凸缘和对应的狭槽具有可供选择的形状和尺寸,以将组织垫段可拆卸地固定到夹臂上。
更换近端组织垫段、远端组织垫段和/或组织垫插入段的方法包括以下一个或多个步骤:a)使夹臂组件脱离超声外科手术器械;b)从夹臂上移除至少一个组织垫段;c)将至少一个新的或修复的组织垫段插入夹臂;以及d)将夹臂组件与超声外科手术器械接合。在上述拆卸和更换的过程中,新的或修复的近端组织垫段、远端组织垫段和组织垫插入段可以为多个独立的段或为一体式构造。
更换近端组织垫段、远端组织垫段和/或组织垫插入段的另一个方法包括以下一个或多个步骤:a)打开夹臂上的凸缘;b)从夹臂上移除至少一个组织垫段;c)在夹臂上插入至少一个新的或修复的组织垫段;以及d)关闭夹臂上的凸缘。在上述拆卸和更换的过程中,新的或修复的近端组织垫段、远端组织垫段和组织垫插入段可以为多个独立的段或为一体式构造。
优选地,在外科手术前实施本文所述的各种实施例。首先,获取新的或用过的器械,并根据需要进行清洗。然后对器械进行灭菌。在一种灭菌技术中,将器械置于闭合并密封的容器中,例如塑料或
Figure GPA00001011271900361
口袋中。然后将容器和器械置于可穿透该容器的辐射场,例如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子。辐射将杀死器械上和容器中的细菌。然后可将灭菌后的器械保存在无菌容器中。该密封容器将器械保持在无菌状态,直至在医疗设备中打开该容器。
优选对器械进行灭菌。这可以通过任意数目的本领域技术人员已知的方式来进行,包括β辐射、γ辐射、环氧乙烷、蒸汽。
虽然本文已描述了多种实施例,但可以对这些实施例进行多种修改和变型。例如,可采用不同类型的端部执行器。此外,可使用所述实施例的组合。例如,凹形刀片顶端可涂覆有疏水材料。此外,虽然其中公开了某些组件用的材料,但也可使用其他材料。上述说明书和下述权利要求书旨在涵盖所有此类修改形式和变型。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布、或其他公开材料仅在所并入的材料不与本发明所述的现有定义、陈述、或其他公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。同样地并且在必要的程度下,本文明确阐述的公开内容取代了以引用方式并入本文的任何冲突材料。如果任何材料或材料的一部分以引用方式并入本文,但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述、或其他公开材料相冲突,那么仅在所并入的材料与现有公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下才将其并入本文。

Claims (42)

1.一种外科手术器械,包括:
换能器,所述换能器能够以预定的频率产生振动;
超声端部执行器,所述超声端部执行器沿纵向轴线延伸并连接到所述换能器;
控制器,所述控制器用于接收来自所述超声端部执行器的反馈信号;以及
管腔,所述管腔能够连接到泵,其中所述管腔用于根据所述反馈信号引导流体通过管腔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述超声端部执行器为超声刀片。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外科手术器械,其中所述反馈信号从所述超声刀片偏离所述预定频率的频率变化得到,并且其中所述反馈信号与所述超声刀片的温度成比例。
4.根据权利要求2所述的外科手术器械,包括温度传感器,所述温度传感器用来测量所述超声刀片的温度并且提供所述反馈信号,其中所述反馈信号与所述超声刀片的温度成比例。
5.根据权利要求2所述的外科手术器械,其中所述反馈信号表明所述超声刀片的操作状态。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述管腔能够连接到流体温度调节器。
7.根据权利要求2所述的外科手术器械,包括纵向延伸并连接在所述换能器和所述超声刀片之间的超声传输波导,其中所述管腔延伸穿过所述超声刀片。
8.根据权利要求7所述的外科手术器械,其中所述管腔纵向延伸穿过所述换能器和所述超声传输波导。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外科手术器械,其中第二管腔纵向延伸穿过所述超声传输波导。
10.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述管腔位于所述超声刀片内并且延伸到夹紧机构中。
11.根据权利要求2所述的外科手术器械,包括纵向延伸并且连接在所述换能器和所述超声刀片之间的超声传输波导,其中所述管腔纵向和横向延伸穿过所述超声刀片和一部分所述超声传输波导,并且侧向延伸到所述超声传输波导的边缘,而且流体连接到形成在所述超声传输波导的节点处的入口端口。
12.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,包括夹紧机构,所述夹紧机构具有贯穿其中以引导所述流体通过所述夹紧机构的管腔。
13.根据权利要求12所述的外科手术器械,包括延伸穿过所述超声端部执行器以引导流体通过所述端部执行器的另一个管腔。
14.根据权利要求13所述的外科手术器械,其中所述超声端部执行器为超声刀片。
15.根据权利要求14所述的外科手术器械,其中所述管腔位于所述超声刀片内并且延伸到所述夹紧机构中。
16.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,包括:
超声传输波导,所述超声传输波导纵向延伸并且连接在所述换能器和所述超声端部执行器之间;以及
护套,所述护套设置在所述超声传输波导上;
其中所述管腔设置在所述护套和所述超声传输波导之间。
17.根据权利要求16所述的外科手术器械,包括温度传感器,所述温度传感器设置在所述护套和所述超声传输波导之间,以测量所述超声端部执行器的温度并且提供所述反馈信号,其中所述反馈信号与所述超声端部执行器的温度成比例。
18.根据权利要求16所述的外科手术器械,包括频率传感器,所述频率传感器用于测量所述超声端部执行器的频率从而提供反馈信号,其中所述反馈信号与所述超声端部执行器的温度成比例。
19.根据权利要求18所述的外科手术器械,其中所述频率传感器为声传感器。
20.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,包括设置在所述管腔内的相变材料。
21.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,其中所述流体选自由盐水、空气以及水组成的组。
22.根据权利要求21所述的外科手术器械,其中所述流体被加热。
23.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术器械,其中所述流体被冷却。
24.一种系统,包括:
换能器,所述换能器能够以预定的频率产生振动;
超声刀片,所述超声刀片沿纵向轴线延伸并连接到所述换能器;
控制器,所述控制器用于接收来自所述超声刀片的反馈信号;
管腔,所述管腔能够连接到泵,所述管腔根据所述反馈信号引导流体通过所述管腔;以及
泵,所述泵与所述控制器电气连通并与所述管腔流体连通,其中所述控制器用于操作所述泵以引导所述流体通过所述管腔。
25.根据权利要求24所述的系统,包括:
流体温度调节器,所述流体温度调节器与所述泵流体连通并与所述控制器电气连通。
26.根据权利要求24所述的系统,包括:
发生器,所述发生器连接到所述控制器;以及
触发机构,所述触发机构与所述发生器电气连通以启动所述发生器。
27.根据权利要求26所述的外科手术器械,其中所述泵结合到所述发生器上。
28.一种方法,包括:
接收与超声端部执行器的温度成比例的反馈信号;以及
根据所述温度测量反馈信号,将流体从泵导入与所述泵和所述超声端部执行器流体连通的管腔。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法,包括:
根据所述温度测量反馈信号,将所述流体从所述泵间歇地导入与所述泵流体连通的所述管腔。
30.根据权利要求28所述的方法,包括:
根据所述温度测量反馈信号,将所述流体从所述泵连续地导入与所述泵流体连通的所述管腔。
31.根据权利要求28所述的方法,包括:
根据所述温度测量反馈信号,将所述流体从所述泵导入与所述泵流体连通的所述管腔持续预定的时间。
32.根据权利要求28所述的方法,包括:
接收频率变化反馈信号,其中所述频率变化反馈信号与所述超声端部执行器的温度成比例。
33.根据权利要求28所述的方法,包括:
接收温度测量反馈信号,其中所述温度测量反馈信号与超声端部执行器的温度成比例。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法,包括:
将所述流体从所述泵导入与所述泵流体连通的所述管腔,以将所述超声端部执行器的温度维持在100℃以下。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,包括:
将所述流体从所述泵导入与所述泵流体连通的所述管腔,以将所述超声端部执行器的温度维持在50℃与100℃之间。
36.根据权利要求28所述的方法,包括:
感测无组织负荷状态反馈信号;以及
根据所述无组织负荷状态反馈信号,将所述流体从所述泵导入与所述泵和所述超声端部执行器流体连通的所述管腔。
37.根据权利要求28所述的方法,包括:
根据所述温度测量反馈信号,将流体从所述泵导入与所述泵和夹紧机构流体连通的管腔。
38.一种外科手术器械,包括:
控制器;
换能器,所述换能器能够以预定的频率产生振动;
信号发生器,所述信号发生器连接到所述换能器;
超声端部执行器,所述超声端部执行器沿纵向轴线延伸并连接到所述换能器;
能够连接到泵的管腔,其中所述管腔用于根据来自所述控制器的信号引导流体通过管腔。
39.根据权利要求38所述的外科手术器械,其中所述换能器具有第一状态,在所述第一状态中所述换能器由所述信号发生器驱动,并具有第二状态,在所述第二状态中所述换能器不由所述信号发生器驱动。
40.根据权利要求39所述的外科手术器械,其中在所述第二状态期间所述控制器将所述信号传递到所述泵。
41.根据权利要求40所述的外科手术器械,其中将所述流体引导通过所述管腔持续预定的时间。
42.根据权利要求41所述的外科手术器械,其中将所述流体引导通过所述管腔持续预定的重复周期。
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US20210378700A1 (en) 2021-12-09
US20090036914A1 (en) 2009-02-05
WO2009032438A2 (en) 2009-03-12
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EP2190361A2 (en) 2010-06-02
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AU2008296694A1 (en) 2009-03-12
US11058447B2 (en) 2021-07-13
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US9044261B2 (en) 2015-06-02

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