CN101621960A - 用于在通信系统中提供滚动数据的方法及设备 - Google Patents

用于在通信系统中提供滚动数据的方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN101621960A
CN101621960A CN200880006612A CN200880006612A CN101621960A CN 101621960 A CN101621960 A CN 101621960A CN 200880006612 A CN200880006612 A CN 200880006612A CN 200880006612 A CN200880006612 A CN 200880006612A CN 101621960 A CN101621960 A CN 101621960A
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马丁·J·芬内尔
马克·K·斯隆
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Abbott Diabetes Care Inc
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    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
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Abstract

本发明公开了用于在医疗系统中提供数据通信的方法和系统。

Description

用于在通信系统中提供滚动数据的方法及设备
优先权
本申请要求于2007年3月1日提交的标题为“Method andApparatus for Providing Rolling Data in Communication Systems”的美国专利申请第11/681,133号的优先权，其全部内容通过引证结合于此。
技术领域
背景技术
包括连续和离散的监控系统的分析物(例如，葡萄糖)监控系统通常包括小型、重量轻的供电电池和微处理器控制系统，该微处理器控制系统被配置为使用电位计来检测与相应的测量葡萄糖水平成比例的信号。可以使用RF信号来发送所收集的数据。某些分析物监控系统的一个方面包括经皮的或皮下的分析物传感器构造，该传感器构造例如被定位为至少部分地通过其分析物水平将被监控的对象的皮层。该传感器可以使用由通过接触系统连接的受控电位(恒电位器)模拟电路驱动的两或三电极(工作电极、参考电极和对电极)构造。
分析物传感器可以被配置成其一部分被放置在病人的皮肤之下以接触病人的分析物，并且分析物传感器的另一部分或另一段可以与发射器发射器单元进行通信。发射器单元可以被配置为通过无线通信链路(诸如RF(射频)通信链路)将由传感器检测到的分析物水平发送至接收器/监控器单元。接收器/监控器单元可以对接收到的分析物水平进行数据分析等功能，以产生关于所监控的分析物水平的信息。
通过RF通信链路的数据发送通常被限制为在充分短的持续时间内发生。而RF数据通信的时间限制对可以在发送周期期间发送的数据的类型和大小施加了限制。
鉴于上述情况，期望有用于例如在医疗通信系统中使两个或更多的通信装置之间的RF通信链路最优化的方法和设备。
发明内容
提供了用于分析物监控(例如，葡萄糖监控)的装置和方法。实施例包括使用例如诸如RF遥测技术的遥测系统来将信息从第一位置发送至第二位置。本文中的系统包括连续的分析物监控系统和离散的分析物监控系统。
在一个实施例中，公开了一种方法以及用于该方法的装置和系统，该方法包括：提取第一数据类型；提取第二数据类型；发送包括第一数据类型和第二数据类型的第一数据包；更新第二数据类型；以及产生包括第一数据类型和更新后的第二数据类型的第二数据包。
从实施例、所附权利要求和附图的以下详细描述，本发明的这些和其他目的、特征和优点将变得更加完全地显而易见。
附图说明
图1示出了用于实现本发明的一个或多个实施例的数据监控和管理系统的框图；
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的图1所示的数据监控和管理系统的发射器单元的框图；
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的图1所示的数据监控和管理系统的接收器/监控器单元的框图；
图4是示出根据本发明的一个实施例的包括用于发送的滚动数据的数据包程序的流程图；以及
图5是示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的包括接收到的滚动数据的数据包的数据处理的流程图。
具体实施方式
如以上概括以及如以下更详细描述的，根据本发明的各个实施例，提供了一种方法和系统，用于提取第一数据类型，提取第二数据类型，发送包括第一数据类型和第二数据类型的第一数据包，更新第二数据类型，以及产生包括第一数据类型和更新后的第二数据类型的第二数据包。
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的数据监控和管理系统(诸如，例如分析物(例如，葡萄糖)监控系统100)。出于方便，主要参照葡萄糖监控系统对主题发明进行进一步描述，并且这样的描述决不旨在限制本发明的范围。应该理解，分析物监控系统可以被配置为监控各种分析物(例如，乳酸盐等)。
例如，可以监控的分析物包括乙酰胆碱、淀粉酶、胆红素、绒膜促性腺激素、肌酸激酶(例如，CK-MB)、肌酸、DNA、果糖胺、葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、生长激素、激素、酮、乳酸盐、过氧化氢、前列腺特异性抗原、凝血酶原、RNA、促甲状腺激素和肌钙蛋白。还可以监控药物浓度，这些药物诸如，例如抗生素(例如，庆大霉素、万古霉素等)、洋地黄毒苷、异羟基洋地黄毒苷、滥用的药物、茶碱、和杀鼠灵。可以通过单个系统(例如单个分析物传感器)来监控多于一个的分析物。
分析物监控系统100包括传感器单元101、可连接至传感器单元101的发射器单元102，以及初级接收器单元104，该初级接收器单元被配置为经由通信链路103与发射器单元102进行通信。初级接收器单元104还可以被配置为将数据发送至用于评估由初级接收器单元104接收到的数据的数据处理终端105。此外，在一个实施例中的数据处理终端可以被配置为经由通信链路106从发射器单元102直接接收数据，该通信链路可选地被配置用于进行双向通信。因此，发射器单元102和/或接收器单元104可以包括收发器。
图1还示出了可操作地连接至通信链路的可选次级接收器单元106，并且被配置为接收从发射器单元102发送的数据。此外，如图所示，次级接收器单元106被配置为与初级接收器单元104以及数据处理终端105进行通信。实际上，次级接收器单元106可以被配置为与初级接收器单元104和数据处理终端105中的每一个或一个进行双向无线通信。如以下更详细描述的，在本发明的一个实施例中，与初级接收器单元104相比，次级接收器单元106可以被配置为包括有限数量的功能和特征。同样地，例如，次级接收器单元106可以基本上被配置在更小的紧密壳体内或者以诸如手表、寻呼机、移动电话、PDA的装置来实现。可选地，次级接收器单元106可以被配置有与初级接收器单元104相同或基本类似的功能。接收器单元可以被配置为与连接支架(docking cradle)单元一起使用，例如，用于以下或其他功能中的一种或多种：放置在床旁，用于再充电，用于数据管理，用户夜间监控，以及/或者双向通信装置。
在一个方面，传感器单元101可以包括两个或更多的传感器，每一个均被配置为与发射器单元102进行通信。此外，尽管在图1所示的分析物监控系统100的实施例中仅示出了一个发射器单元102、一个通信链路103和一个数据处理终端105。然而，本领域的普通技术人员应理解，分析物监控系统100可以包括一个或多个传感器、多个发射器单元102、多条通信链路103和多个数据处理终端105。此外，在本发明的范围内，分析物监控系统100可以是连续的监控系统、或者半连续、或者离散的监控系统。在多部件环境中，每个装置都被配置为由该系统中的其他装置中的每一个唯一标识，使得在分析物监控系统100内的各部件之间易于解决通信冲突。
在本发明的一个实施例中，传感器单元101物理地定位于其分析物水平正被监控的用户的身体内或身体上。传感器单元101可以被配置为连续地对用户的分析物水平进行采样，并且将采样到的分析物水平转换为相应的数据信号以由发射器单元102进行发送。在某些实施例中，发射器单元102可以物理地连接至传感器单元101，使得这两个装置都被集成在单个壳体内并定位在用户的身体上。发射器单元102可以对数据信号执行数据处理(诸如，过滤和编码)以及/或者其他功能，每种功能都对应于采样到的用户分析物水平，并且在任何情况下，发射器单元102都经由通信链路103将分析物信息发送至初级接收器单元104。
在一个实施例中，分析物监控系统100被配置为从发射器单元102到初级接收器单元104的单向RF通信路径。在这种实施例中，发射器单元102发送从传感器单元101接收到的采样数据信号，而不从已接收到所发送的采样数据信号的初级接收器单元104进行确认。例如，发射器单元102可以被配置为在完成初始上电程序后以固定速率(例如，以一分钟的间隔)发送编码后的采样数据信号。同样，初级接收器单元104可以被配置为以预定时间间隔检测所发送的编码后的采样数据信号。可选地，分析物监控系统100可以被配置有在发射器单元102与初级接收器单元104之间的双向RF(或其他)通信。
另外，在一个方面，初级接收器单元104可以包括两个部件。第一个部件是模拟接口部件，其被配置为经由通信链路103与发射器单元102进行通信。在一个实施例中，模拟接口部件可以包括RF接收器和用于接收并放大来自发射器单元102的数据信号的天线，此后，数据信号被本地振荡器解调并通过带通滤波器被滤波。初级接收器单元104的第二个部件是数据处理部件，其被配置为诸如通过执行数据解码、误差检测和校正、数据时钟生成和数据位恢复来处理从发射器单元102接收到的数据信号。
在操作中，当完成上电程序时，初级接收器单元104被配置为基于例如从发射器单元102接收到的检测到的数据信号的强度和/或预定的发射器标识信息，在其范围内检测发射器单元102的存在。当与相应的发射器单元102成功地同步时，初级接收器单元104被配置为开始从发射器单元102接收对应于用户的所检测到的分析物水平的数据信号。更具体地，在一个实施例中的初级接收器单元104被配置为经由通信链路103执行与相应的同步的发射器单元102的同步时跳，以获得用户的所检测到的分析物水平。
再次参考图1，数据处理终端105可以包括个人计算机、便携式计算机(诸如，膝上型计算机或手持装置(例如，个人数字助理(PDA))等，这些中的每一个均可以配置用于经由有线或无线连接与接收器进行数据通信。另外，数据处理终端105还可以连接至数据网络(未示出)以存储、提取并更新与用户的所检测到的分析物水平相对应的数据。
在本发明的范围内，数据处理终端105可以包括诸如胰岛素输液泵(外部或可植入的)等的输液装置，其可以被配置为为病人给予胰岛素，并且可以被配置为与接收器单元104进行通信以接收测量到的分析物水平。可选地，接收器单元104可以被配置为与此处的输液装置集成或连接，从而接收器单元104被配置为为病人给予胰岛素治疗，例如用于投药和修改基本轮廓(basal profile)，以及用于基于其中从发射器单元102接收到的所检测到的分析物水平确定用于投药的适当药丸。
另外，发射器单元102、初级接收器单元104和数据处理终端105均可以被配置用于双向无线通信，从而，发射器单元102、初级接收器单元104和数据处理终端105中的每一个均可以被配置为经由无线通信链路103彼此进行通信(即，发送数据至其处以及从其处接收数据)。更具体地，在一个实施例中，数据处理终端105可以被配置为经由通信链路106直接从发射器单元102接收数据，其中，如上所述的通信链路106可以被配置用于进行双向通信。
在此实施例中，可以包括输液泵的数据处理终端105可以被配置为从发射器单元102接收分析物信号，从而结合包括数据处理的接收器103的功能，用于管理病人的输液治疗和分析物监控。在一个实施例中，通信链路103可以包括RF通信协议、红外线通信协议、蓝牙使能通信协议、802.11x无线通信协议、或允许多个单元进行安全、无线的通信(例如，按照HIPPA要求)同时避免可能的数据冲突和干扰的等同的无线通信协议中的一个或多个。
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的图1所示的数据监控和检测系统的发射器的框图。参考附图，在一个实施例中的发射器单元102包括被配置为与传感器单元101(图1)通信的模拟接口201、用户输入端202、和温度检测部件203，其中每一个均可操作地连接至诸如中央处理单元(CPU)的发射器处理器204。如可以从图2看出的，提供了四个接触(contact，触点)，其中的三个是电极，这四个接触包括工作电极(W)210、保护接触(G)211、参考电极(R)212和对电极(C)213，它们中的每一个均可操作地连接至发射器单元102的模拟接口201以连接至传感器单元101(图1)。在一个实施例中，工作电极(W)210、保护接触(G)211、参考电极(R)212和对电极(C)213可以使用导电材料制成，其中导电材料被印刷或蚀刻或腐蚀，例如，诸如可以被印刷的碳、或者可以被蚀刻或腐蚀或处理来提供一个或多个电极的金属(例如，金属箔)等。在一些实施例中，可以提供更少或更多的电极和/或接触。
另外，图2中示出了发射器串行通信部件205和RF发射器206，它们中的每一个都还可操作地连接至发射器处理器204。此外，诸如电池的电源207也被设置在发射器单元102中，以提供发射器单元102所必需的功率。另外，如可以从附图中看出，时钟208被提供以将实时信息供给发射器处理器204。
在一个实施例中，建立从传感器单元101(图1)和/或者制造和测试设备到发射器单元102的模拟接口201的单向输入路径被，同时建立从用于进行发送的发射器单元102的RF发射器206的输出端到初级接收器单元104的单向输出。以此方式，图2所示前述输入和输出之间的数据路径经由专用链路209从模拟接口201到串行通信部件205、此后到处理器204、然后到RF发射器206。同样地，在一个实施例中，经由上述数据路径，发射器单元102被配置为经由通信链路103(图1)将从传感器单元101(图1)接收到的处理和编码后的数据信号发送至初级接收器单元104(图1)。另外，上述在模拟接口201与RF发射器206之间的单向通信数据路径允许发射器单元102的配置用于在制造处理结束时进行的操作以及用于诊断和测试用途的直接通信。
如上所述，发射器处理器204被配置为在发射器单元102的操作期间将控制信号发送至发射器单元102的各个部件。在一个实施例中，发射器处理器204还包括用于存储数据(诸如用于发射器单元102的标识信息)以及从传感器单元101接收到的数据信号的存储器(未示出)。所存储的信息可以被提取和处理，以在发射器处理器204的控制下被发送至初级接收器单元104。此外，电源207可以包括市场上可买到的电池，该电池可以是可再充电的电池。
在一些实施例中，发射器单元102可以被配置成使电源部件207能够为发射器提供使其连续操作最少约三个月的功率，例如，在已存储了约十八个月(诸如，在低功率(非操作)模式下被存储)之后。在一个实施例中，这可以通过使发射器处理器204在非操作状态中的低功率模式工作(例如，提取(draw)不超过约1μA的电流)来实现。实际上，在一个实施例中，在发射器单元102的制造工艺期间的一个步骤可以将发射器单元102放置在低功率、非操作状态(即，制造后休眠模式)下。以此方式，可以显著提高发射器单元102的贮存期。此外，如图2所示，当电源单元207被示出为连接至处理器204，以及同样地，处理器204被配置为提供电源单元207的控制时，应该注意，在本发明的范围内，电源单元207被配置为将必需的功率提供给图2中的发射器单元102的每个元件。
返回参考图2，在一个实施例中的发射器单元102的电源部件207可以包括可再充电的电池单元，其可以通过单独的电源再充电单元(例如，设置在接收器单元104中)来进行再充电，使得发射器单元102被供电较长的一段使用时间。此外，在一个实施例中，发射器单元102可以被配置为没有电源部件207中的电池，在此情况下，发射器单元102可以被配置为从外部电源(例如电池)接收功率，如以下更详细地描述的。
再次参考图2，发射器单元102的温度检测部件203被配置为监控传感器插入位置附近的皮肤的温度。温度读数用于调节从模拟接口201获得的分析物读数。在一些实施例中，发射器单元102的RF发射器206可以被配置用于例如在美国以315MHz至322MHz的频带工作。另外，在一个实施例中，RF发射器206被配置为通过执行频移键控和曼彻斯特编码来对载波频率进行调制。在一个实施例中，在用于与初级接收器单元104通信的最小传输范围内，数据传输速率为每秒约19200个符号。
再次参考图2，还示出了连接至数据监控和管理系统100的发射器单元102中的保护电极(G)211和处理器204的泄漏检测电路214。根据本发明的一个实施例的泄漏检测电路214可以被配置为检测传感器单元101中的泄漏电流，以确定测量得到的传感器数据是否被破坏或者由确定传感器101测量得到的数据是否精确。
以下描述传感器、校准(单点)等。在例如美国专利第6,134,461、6,175,752、6,121,611、6,560,471、6,746,582中以及在别处描述了可以采用的示例性分析物系统。
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的图1所示的数据监控和管理系统的接收器/监控器单元的框图。参考图3，初级接收器单元104包括分析物测试条(例如，血糖测试条)接口301、RF接收器302、输入端303、温度检测部件304和时钟305，其中每一个均可操作地连接至接收器处理器307。如可以进一步从附图看出的，初级接收器单元104还包括可操作地连接至功率转换和监控部件308的电源306。另外，功率转换和监控部件308还连接至接收器处理器307。而且，还示出了接收器串行通信部件309和输出端310，每一个均可操作地连接至接收器处理器307。
在一个实施例中，测试条接口301包括葡萄糖水平测试部，用于接收葡萄糖测试条的手动插入，并从而确定测试条的葡萄糖水平并将其显示在初级接收器单元104的输出端310上。这种葡萄糖的手动测试可以用于校准传感器单元101或其他。RF接收器302被配置为经由通信链路103(图1)与发射器单元102的RF发射器206进行通信，以从发射器单元102接收编码后的数据信号用于进行信号混合、解调和其他数据处理。初级接收器单元104的输入端303被配置为允许用户根据需要将信息输入到初级接收器单元104中。在一个方面，输入端303可以包括键盘的一个或多个键、触敏屏、或语音激活输入命令单元。温度检测部件304被配置为将初级接收器单元104的温度信息提供给接收器处理器307，而时钟305将实时信息提供给接收器处理器307。
图3中所示的初级接收器单元104的各个元件中的每一个均由电源306(在一个实施例中，其包括电池)供电。此外，功率转换和监控部件308被配置为监控初级接收器单元中104的各个元件的功率使用，以进行有效的功率管理，并且例如在使初级发射器单元104在不最理想的工作状态下的功率使用情况下，警告用户。这种不最理想的工作状态的实例可以包括，例如，在接通处理器307(因而，初级接收器单元104)时，使振动输出模式(如以下所述)工作一段时间，由此大量消耗了电源306。此外，功率转换和监控部件308可以另外被配置为包括反极性保护电路，诸如被配置为电池启动开关的场效应晶体管(FET)。
初级接收器单元104中的串行通信部件309被配置为提供从测试和/或制造设备开始的双向通信路径，用于进行初级接收器单元104的初始化、测试和配置。串行通信部件104还可以用于将数据上载到计算机，诸如印有时间戳的血糖数据。可以利用例如电缆、红外线(IR)或RF链路建立与外部装置(未示出)的通信链路。初级接收器单元104的输出端310被配置为提供图形用户接口(GUI)，诸如用于显示信息的液晶显示器(LCD)。另外，输出端310还可以包括用于输出可听信号的集成扬声器以及提供如在手持电子装置(诸如现在可购得的移动电话)中通常发现的振动输出。在另一个实施例中，初级接收器单元104还包括电致发光灯，该灯被配置为为输出端310提供背光，用于在黑暗的周围环境下输出视觉显示。
返回参考图3，在一个实施例中的初级接收器单元104还可以包括可操作地连接至处理器307的存储部件(诸如作为处理器307的一部分、或者单独地设置在初级接收单元104中的可编程、非易失性存储器件)。处理器307可以被配置为使用曼彻斯特解码等与发射器进行同步，以及对经由通信链路103从发射器单元102接收到的编码数据信号进行误差检测和校正。
在2005年2月16日提交的标题为“Method and System forProviding Data Communication in Continuous Glucose Monitoring andManagement System”的未决申请第11/060,365号中，披露了可以在本申请实施例中采用的在发射器102与初级接收器104之间(或者与次级接收器106)的RF通信的其他描述，该申请的全部内容通过引证结合于此。
参考附图，在一个实施例中，发射器102(图1)可以被配置为产生用于周期性发送至接收器单元104、106中的一个或多个的数据包，其中，在一个实施例中，每个数据包都包括两类数据-紧急数据和非紧急数据。例如，除了非紧急数据外，诸如以来自传感器的葡萄糖数据和/或与传感器相关联的温度数据为例的紧急数据可以被打包在每个数据包中，其中，非紧急数据随着每次数据包对发送而滚动或者变化。
即，非紧急数据被以定时间隔发送以维持分析物监控系统的完整性，而不利用来自发射器102的每个数据发送包通过RF通信链路发送。以此方式，非紧急数据(例如，其不是时间敏感的)可以被周期性地发送(而不通过每个数据包被发送)或者被分解成预定数量的段并通过多个包进行发送或传送，而紧急数据通过每次数据发送基本上完整地被发送。
再次参考附图，当从发射器102接收数据包时，一个或多个接收器单元104、106可以被配置为对接收到的数据包进行解析以将紧急数据与非紧急数据区分开，并且还可以被配置为例如以分级方式存储紧急数据和非紧急数据。根据数据包的特定配置或数据传输协议，可以将更多或更少的数据作为紧急数据的一部分或非紧急滚动数据进行发送。即，在本公开的范围内，诸如每个数据包的位数等的特定数据包实现可以根据通信协议、数据传输时间窗等而变化。
在示例性实施例中，可以相应地识别不同类型的数据包。例如，在一些示例性实施例中的识别可以包括--(1)单个传感器，一分钟的数据，(2)两个或多个传感器，(3)双重传感器，交替的一分钟数据，以及(4)响应包。对于单个传感器一分钟数据包，在一个实施例中，发射器102可以被配置为以以下表1所示的方式或者类似于该方式来产生数据包。
表1.单个传感器，一分钟数据
  位数  数据字段
  8  发送时间
  14  传感器1当前数据
  14  传感器1历史数据
  8  发送状态
  12  AUX计数器
  12  AUX热敏电阻器1
  12  AUX热敏电阻器2
  8  滚动数据-1
如以上的表1所示，在一个实施例中的发射器数据包可以包括8位的发送时间数据、14位的当前传感器数据、14位的之前的传感器数据、8位的发射器状态数据、12第位辅助计数器数据、12的位辅助热敏电阻器1数据、12位的辅助热敏电阻器1数据和8位的滚动数据。在本发明的一个实施例中，由发射器产生用于通过RF通信链路发送的数据包可以包括以上在表1中示出的所有数据或一些数据。
返回进行参考，14位的当前传感器数据提供与检测到的分析物水平相关联的实时时间或当前传感器数据，而14位的传感器历史或之前的传感器数据包括与一分钟前检测到的分析物水平相关联的传感器数据。以此方式，在接收器单元104、106在一分钟接一分钟的发射中未能(drops or fails)成功地接收来自发射器102的数据包的情况下，接收器单元104、106可能能够从随后的一分钟发送中捕获到前一分钟发送的传感器数据。
再次参考表1，在一个实施例中的辅助数据可以包括病人的皮肤温度数据、温度梯度数据、基准数据和对电极电压中的一个或多个。发射器状态字段可以包括状态数据，该状态数据被配置为表示当前发送的损坏数据(例如，在示出为BAD状态(与表示当前发送中的数据没有被损坏的GOOD状态相反)的情况下)。此外，滚动数据字段被配置为包括非紧急数据，并且在一个实施例中，可以与时跳序列号相关联。另外，在一个实施例中的发射器时间字段包括协议值，该协议值被配置为从零开始并随着每个数据包而加一。在一个方面，发射器时间数据可以用于使数据发送窗与接收器单元104、106同步，并且还提供用于滚动数据字段的索引。
在另一个实施例中，发射器数据包可以被配置为提供或发送来自两个或多个独立的分析物传感器的传感器数据。这些传感器可以与相同或不同的分析物或属性相关。在这种情况下，来自发射器102的数据包可以被配置为包括来自在采用了2个传感器的实例中的两个传感器的14的位当前传感器数据。在此情况下，数据包不包括在当前数据包发送中的前一传感器数据。相反，第二分析物传感器数据被与第一分析物传感器数据一起发送。
表2.双重传感器数据
  位数  数据字段
  8  发送时间
  14  传感器1当前数据
  14  传感器1当前数据
  8  发送状态
  12  AUX计数器
  12  AUX热敏电阻器1
  12  AUX热敏电阻器2
  8  滚动数据-1
在另一实施例中，发射器数据包可以随着两个分析物传感器之间的每次发送而交替，例如，在以下表3和表4中所述的数据包之间的交替。
表3.传感器数据包交替1
  位数  数据字段
  8  发送时间
  14  传感器1当前数据
  14  传感器1历史数据
  8  发送状态
  12  AUX计数器
  12  AUX热敏电阻器1
  12  AUX热敏电阻器2
  8  滚动数据-1
表4.传感器数据包交替2
  位数  数据字段
  8  发送时间
  14  传感器1当前数据
  14  传感器1当前数据
  8  发送状态
  12  AUX计数器
  12  AUX热敏电阻器1
  12  AUX热敏电阻器2
  8  滚动数据-1
如上参考表3和表4所示，在一个实施例中从发射器102一分钟接一分钟的数据包发送可以在表3中所述的数据包与表4中所示的数据包之间交替。更具体地，在一个实施例中，发射器102可以被配置为发送第一传感器的当前传感器数据以及第一传感器的前一传感器数据(表3)、以及滚动数据，并且进一步地，在随后的发送中，发射器102可以被配置为除了发送滚动数据外还发送第一和第二传感器的当前传感器数据。
在一个实施例中，与每个数据包一起发送的滚动数据可以包括各种预定类型的数据的序列，这些数据被认为是非紧急且非时间灵敏的。即，在一个实施例中，表6中所示的下列一列数据可以被顺序地包括在8位的发射器数据包中，并且不随着发射器的每次数据包的发送(例如，随着来自发射器102的每次60秒数据的发送)而被发送。
表6.滚动数据
  时隙   位   滚动数据
  0   8   模式
  1   8   葡萄糖1斜率
  2   8   葡萄糖2斜率
  3   8   Ref-R
  4   8   霍布斯计数，Ref-R
  5   8   霍布斯计数器
  6   8   霍布斯计数器
  7   8   传感器计数器
如从以上表6可以看出，在一个实施例中，滚动数据的序列被利用每个数据发送时隙附加或添加到发射器数据包中。在一个实施例中，可以存在用于由发射器102(图1)进行数据发送的256个时隙，并且其中，每个时隙相隔约60秒间隔。例如，参考以上表6，在发送时隙0(零)内的数据包可以包括作为附加于所发送的数据包中的滚动数据的操作模式数据(模式)。在随后的数据发送时隙(例如，在初始时隙(0)之后约60秒)，所发送的数据包可以包括作为滚动数据的分析物传感器1校准因子信息(葡萄糖1斜率)。以此方式，通过每次数据发送，可以在256个时隙周期期间更新滚动数据。
再次参考表6，将对各个实施例更详细地描述每个滚动数据字段。例如，模式数据可以包括与不同操作模式相关的信息，诸如(但不限于)数据包类型、所使用的电池的类型、诊断例行程序、单个传感器或多个传感器数据、数据发送的类型(rf通信链路或诸如串行连接的其他数据链路)。另外，葡萄糖1斜率数据可以包括用于第一传感器的8位比例因子或校准数据(传感器1数据的比例因子)，同时葡萄糖2斜率数据可以包括用于第二分析物传感器的8位的比例因子或者校准数据(在该实施例中包括多于一个的分析物传感器)。
另外，Ref-R数据可以包括12位的机载基准电阻器，该电阻器用于对在热敏电阻电路中的我们的温度测量进行校准(其中，8位在时隙3内被发送，而剩余4位在时隙4内被发送)，并且20位的霍布斯计数器数据可以被单独地在三个时隙内(例如，在时隙4、时隙5和时隙6内)发送，两者加起来总计达20位。在一个实施例中，霍布斯计数器可以被配置为对每次进行的数据发送进行计数(例如，以约60秒间隔的包发送)，并且可以使总数加一(1)。
在一个方面，霍布斯计数被存储在发射器单元102(图1)的非易失性存储器中，并且可以用于确定电源状态信息(诸如，例如发射器单元102中电池的估计剩余寿命)。即，利用每个传感器的替换，霍布斯计数不被重置，而是随着传感器单元101的每次替换都继续计数，以建立与发射器单元102的接触，以使在发射器单元102的延长的使用时间周期期间，可以基于霍布斯计数信息来确定发射器单元102中所消耗的电池寿命数量、以及发射器单元102中电池的估计剩余寿命。
图4是示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的包括用于发送的滚动数据的数据包程序的流程图。参考图4，在一个实施例中，对计数器进行初始化(例如，初始化为T＝0)(410)。此后，从例如存储器件提取相关联的滚动数据(420)，并且还对时间敏感或紧急数据进行提取(430)。在一个实施例中，滚动数据的提取(420)和时间敏感数据的提取(430)可以基本上同时被提取。
返回参考图4，利用滚动数据和时间敏感数据，例如，产生用于发送的数据包(440)，并且当进行发送时，使计数器加一并且例行程序返回至滚动数据的提取(420)。以此方式，在一个实施例中，紧急时间敏感数据以及非紧急数据可以被结合到相同的数据包中，并由发射器102(图1)发送至一个或多个的远程装置(诸如接收器104、106)。此外，如上所述，可以以比用于每次来自发射器102(图1)的数据包发送的时间间隔长的预定时间间隔更新滚动数据。
图5是示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的接收到的包括滚动数据的数据包的数据处理的流程图。参考图5，当(例如，在一个实施例中，通过接收器104、106中的一个或多个)接收到数据包(510)时，对接收到的数据包进行解析，使得可以将紧急数据与非紧急数据(被存储在例如数据包中的滚动数据字段中)区分开。此后，将所解析的数据适当地存储在适当的存储器或存储装置中(530)。
以上述方式，根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了用于将非紧急类型数据(例如，与校准相关联的数据)与紧急类型数据(例如，所监控的分析物相关数据)区分开以通过通信链路发送的方法和设备，以使对可用的发送时间的潜在负担或约束最小化。更具体地，在一个实施例中，非紧急数据可以与通信系统要求立即发送的数据区分开，并且一起通过通信链路被发送，同时保持最小发送时间窗。在一个实施例中，非紧急数据可以被解析或者分解为多个数据段，并且被经由多个数据包进行发送。时间敏感即时数据(例如，分析物传感器数据、温度数据等)可以通过每个数据包或发送基本上完整地经由通信链路进行发送。
因此，在一个实施例中，提供了一种方法，该方法包括：提取第一数据类型；提取第二数据类型；发送包括第一数据类型和第二数据类型的第一数据包；更新第二数据类型；以及产生包括第一数据类型和更新后的第二数据类型的第二数据包。
在一个方面，第一数据类型可以与紧急数据相关联，另外，其中，第二数据类型可以与非紧急数据相关联。
在另一个方面，第一数据类型可以包括与所监控的病人的分析物水平相关联的实时分析物数据，另外，其中，分析物可以包括葡萄糖。此外，在一个方面，第一数据类型可以与葡萄糖水平信息相关，并且第二数据类型可以与和葡萄糖水平信息相关联的预定比例因子相关。
在又一个方面，第二数据类型可以包括部件状态信息、校准数据、或分析物传感器计数信息中的一个或多个。
此外，第二数据类型和更新后的数据类型可以是不同的。
该方法还可以包括在发送之前对第一数据包进行加密。此外，该方法还可以包括对第二数据包进行加密。
另外，在又一个方面，该方法可以包括发送加密后的第二数据包，其中，第一数据包发送和第二数据包发送可以相隔约60秒、小于五分钟、五分钟、和大于五分钟中的一个。
另外，第一数据包和第二数据包中的每一个可以包括发送时间计数，其随着每次随后的发送而递加整数值。
根据另一个实施例的方法可以包括：接收数据包；对所接收到的数据包进行解析，以从所接收到的数据包提取第一数据类型和第二数据类型，并且其中，第一数据类型是紧急类型数据，以及第二数据类型是非紧急类型数据。
在一个实施例中的紧急类型数据可以包括分析物传感器数据，另外，其中，分析物可以包括葡萄糖。此外，在一个方面，第一数据类型可以与葡萄糖水平信息相关，以及第二数据类型可以与和葡萄糖水平信息相关联的预定比例因子相关。
该方法还可以包括存储第一数据类型和第二数据类型。
根据本发明的另一个实施例的设备包括一个或多个处理单元、以及用于存储指令的存储器，当由一个或多个处理器执行这些指令时，使一个或多个处理单元提取第一数据类型、提取第二数据类型、发送包括第一数据类型和第二数据类型的第一数据包、更新第二数据类型、以及产生包括第一数据类型和更新后的第二数据类型的第二数据包。
在另一个方面，该设备还可以包括rf发射器，该rf发射器连接至所述一个或多个处理单元，并且被配置为发送第一数据包和第二数据包。
在又一个方面，该设备可以包括可操作地连接至所述一个或多个处理单元和存储器的医疗模块。
医疗模块可以包括连续的葡萄糖监控装置。
此外，还可以提供一种壳体，其中，医疗模块、所述一个或多个处理单元和存储器可以被完全集成在该壳体内。
上述的各种处理(包括由处理器204以及在监控系统100中实现的其他适合或类似的处理单元在发射器单元102中的软件应用运行环境中执行的处理，该包括结合图4-5所描述的处理和例行程序)可以被实现为使用面向对象的语言开发的计算机程序，面向对象的语言允许利用模块化对象对复杂系统进行建模，以创建表示真实世界、物理对象及其相互关系的抽象概念。执行本发明的处理所需要的软件可以存储在处理器204或发射器102的存储器或存储单元(未示出)中、可以由本领域普通技术人员开发、并且可以包括一个或多个计算机程序产品。
对于本领域的技术人员，在不背离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，在本发明的结构和操作方法方面的各种其他变型和改变是显而易见的。尽管已结合具体的优选实施例描述了本发明，但是应该理解，权利要求所要求保护的本发明不应过度地限于这样的具体实施例。以下权利要求限定了本发明的范围，并且在这些权利要求及其等同物的范围内的结构和方法因此被覆盖。

Claims (23)

1.一种方法，包括：
提取第一数据类型；
提取第二数据类型；
发送包括所述第一数据类型和所述第二数据类型的第一数据包；
更新所述第二数据类型；以及
产生包括所述第一数据类型和更新后的所述第二数据类型的第二数据包。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一数据类型与紧急数据相关联，并且其中，所述第二数据类型与非紧急数据相关联。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一数据类型包括与所监控的病人的分析物水平相关联的实时分析物数据。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述分析物包括葡萄糖，以及其中，所述第一数据类型与葡萄糖水平信息相关，以及第二数据类型与和所述葡萄糖水平信息相关联的预定比例因子相关。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第二数据类型包括元件状态信息、校准数据、和分析物传感器计数信息中的一个或多个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第二数据类型和更新后的所述第二数据类型不同。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：在发送之前对所述第一数据包进行加密。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：对所述第二数据包进行加密。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：发送加密后的所述第二数据包。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，第一数据包发送和第二数据包发送间隔为以下之一：约60秒、小于约五分钟、约五分钟、和大于约五分钟。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一数据包和所述第二数据包中的每一个均包括随着每一次的随后发送而增加整数值的发送时间计数。
12.一种方法，包括：
接收数据包；以及
对接收到的数据包进行解析，以从接收到的数据包提取第一数据类型和第二数据类型；
其中，所述第一数据类型是紧急类型数据，以及所述第二数据类型是非紧急类型数据。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述紧急类型数据包括分析物传感器数据。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述分析物包括葡萄糖。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括：存储所述第一数据类型和所述第二数据类型。
16.一种设备，包括：
一个或多个处理单元；以及
存储器，用于存储指令，当由所述一个或多个处理单元执行所述指令时，使所述一个或多个处理单元提取第一数据类型、提取第二数据类型、发送包括所述第一数据类型和所述第二数据类型的第一数据包、更新所述第二数据类型、以及产生包括所述第一数据类型和更新后的所述第二数据类型的第二数据包。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备，其中，所述第一数据类型包括与所监控的病人的分析物水平相关联的实时分析物数据。
18.根据权利要求17所述的设备，其中，所述分析物包括葡萄糖。
19.根据权利要求16所述的设备，其中，所述第二数据类型和更新后的所述第二数据类型不同。
20.根据权利要求16所述的设备，还包括rf发射器，所述rf发射器连接至所述一个或多个处理单元，并被配置为发送所述第一数据包和所述第二数据包。
21.根据权利要求16所述的设备，其中，还包括连接至所述一个或多个处理单元和所述存储器的医疗模块。
22.根据权利要求21所述的设备，其中，所述医疗模块包括连续的葡萄糖监控装置。
23.根据权利要求21所述的设备，还包括壳体，其中，所述医疗模块、所述一个或多个处理单元和所述存储器基本被集成在所述壳体内。
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US20180064341A1 (en) 2018-03-08
US20150335245A1 (en) 2015-11-26
US8123686B2 (en) 2012-02-28
WO2008106645A2 (en) 2008-09-04
US9095290B2 (en) 2015-08-04
EP2131728A2 (en) 2009-12-16
US20080214900A1 (en) 2008-09-04
US20120158907A1 (en) 2012-06-21
CA2678761A1 (en) 2008-09-04
BRPI0807695A2 (pt) 2015-07-21
US9801545B2 (en) 2017-10-31
EP2131728A4 (en) 2012-02-29
WO2008106645A3 (en) 2008-11-06

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