CN101617354A - 用于校准单个调制器投影仪中的rgb光的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于校准单个调制器投影仪中的rgb光的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101617354A
CN101617354A CN200780050365A CN200780050365A CN101617354A CN 101617354 A CN101617354 A CN 101617354A CN 200780050365 A CN200780050365 A CN 200780050365A CN 200780050365 A CN200780050365 A CN 200780050365A CN 101617354 A CN101617354 A CN 101617354A
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R·R·克里斯坦森
B·D·温克勒
D·依拉金斯
A·H·坦纳
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
    • H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
    • H04N9/3164—Modulator illumination systems using multiple light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/005—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/20—Lamp housings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/32—Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
    • G03B27/52—Details
    • G03B27/54—Lamp housings; Illuminating means
    • G03B27/545—Lamp housings; Illuminating means for enlargers
    • G03B27/547—Lamp housings; Illuminating means for enlargers colour mixing heads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B33/00—Colour photography, other than mere exposure or projection of a colour film
    • G03B33/06—Colour photography, other than mere exposure or projection of a colour film by additive-colour projection apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B33/00—Colour photography, other than mere exposure or projection of a colour film
    • G03B33/08—Sequential recording or projection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
    • H04N9/3111—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying the colours sequentially, e.g. by using sequentially activated light sources

Abstract

一种投影系统，所述投影系统包括：单个光调制装置和多个不同波长的光源。每一个波长的光都在空间上不同的位置和不同的时间入射在光调制装置上。扫描镜的使用允许投影系统顺序地以全色形成图像的每一列或每一行。投影系统的特征在于：由于以全色呈现每一列或行，颜色分离或彩虹效应减小了。

Description

用于校准单个调制器投影仪中的RGB光的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及视觉显示装置，并且更具体地涉及但不一定全部涉及包含光调制装置的视觉显示装置。
背景技术
动态视频显示器在现代社会中变得无所不在。这样的视频显示器被用于显示提供教育和娱乐等的各种背景的信息。已存在对于动态视频显示技术的几种新近的肯定的提高，包括：增加分辨率、增加对比度、增加亮度水平、减小“纱门(screen door)”效应以及改进用动态视频显示系统产生的图像的整体质量的其它特性。
用于产生动态视频显示的技术包括：使用数字微镜器件(“DMD”)的Texas Instruments的
Figure G2007800503653D00011
投影仪、加入了硅基液晶(“LCOS”)技术的Sony的
Figure G2007800503653D00012
和JVC的、Kodak的光栅机电系统(“GEMS”)以及使用光栅光阀(“GLV”)技术的系统。所有这些具体技术的不同在于用于调制被投影的光的装置，并且这样的调制装置是每一个系统和部件的核心，其余的系统部件都围绕着它们而被设计。
在基于DMD的投影仪中，图像是由在半导体芯片上排列成二维矩阵的显微反射镜创建的。每一个反射镜都表示被投影的图像的一帧中的一个像素。反射镜的数量对应于被投影的图像的分辨率，即800×600、1024×768、1280×720和1920×1080(HDTV)矩阵是一些常用的DMD分辨率。每一个反射镜都可以快速地倾斜以通过透镜反射光或将光反射至热沉(heatsink)，也被称为光存储处(light dump)。
在基于DMD的投影仪中，反射镜的快速倾斜(实质上在“接通”和“断开”状态之间切换)允许DMD改变通过透镜被反射出的光的强度，使用脉冲宽度调制，除白色(在“接通”位置投影白色)和黑色(在“断开”位置投影)以外还用来创建灰色的阴影。不利地，基于DMD的投影仪对于通常被描述为通过纱门观看图像的“纱门”效应敏感。该不良效应是由于各个微镜之间具有间隙的事实。微镜之间的这些间隙使得被显示的像素之间的间隙随着个人/观看者越来越接近被显示的图像并且随着显示的像素变得越来越大而变得越来越可见。
在一个先前可获得的投影系统中，仅使用了一个DMD芯片。通过在灯和DMD芯片之间的光路中放置旋转的色轮而产生颜色。色轮可以被划分为三个或更多滤色片，即红色、绿色和蓝色。DMD芯片与色轮的旋转运动同步，使得当红色滤色片在灯的前方时红色分量被投影在DMD上。这对于绿色和蓝色滤色片也一样。因此，红色、绿色和蓝色图像是以高得足够使得观看者看到全色图像的速率顺序显示的帧。因此应理解：尽管由于色轮的使用，在单个基于DMD的系统中红色、绿色和蓝色光分量彼此在时间上被间隔，但红色、绿色和蓝色光分量在DMD芯片上没有空间分离。也就是说，由于色轮的使用，光的每一个红色、绿色和蓝色分量都入射到DMD芯片的所有反射镜上，不过是在单独的时间。
GEMS和GLV技术在它们都包括将光衍射为多阶的微小硅带方面彼此相似。GLV技术使用两个或更多带状物来将像素形成为垂直地跨越这些带发光的非常精准地聚焦的光柱。垂直地衍射的多阶光被聚集、扫描并通过成像透镜发射，然后出现在屏幕上。美国专利No.5,311,360和No.5,841,579描述了示例性的基于GLV的光调制装置，所述专利通过引用而全部并入本文。
在先前可获得的基于GLV的系统中，分别用于红色、绿色和蓝色光源的三个单独的GLV芯片被用于通过叠加颜色来形成图像。美国专利No.6,692,129中描述了一个这样的示例性系统，所述专利通过引用全部并入本文。
GEMS技术与GLV技术相似，区别在于所使用的硅带长得多并且悬挂在多个柱之间，而且光被水平地(与带状物平行地)衍射，而GLV带状物典型地仅悬挂在两个支持柱之间，并且垂直地(垂直于带状物)衍射光。在先前可获得的基于GEMS的系统中，分别用于红色、绿色和蓝色光源的三个单独的GEMS芯片被用于形成图像。
使用LCOS技术的成像系统实质上将液晶显示器(“LCD”)中使用的“透射技术”和基于DMD的系统中使用的“反射技术”组合，在透射技术中光是在其到透镜的途中穿过材料(一些材料是偏振的)的各个层时被液晶调制的，而在反射技术中光是以“接通”和“断开”方式被反射的。实质上，LCOS系统是使用液晶来代替反射镜的反射技术，其中这些液晶被应用到反射基片上。随着这些液晶“打开”和“关闭”，光从下面的反射基片被反射。基于LCOS的投影系统典型地使用分别用于调制红色、绿色和蓝色通道中的光的三个LCOS芯片。在这方面其与使用三个LCD面板的基于LCD的投影仪相似。因为当以顺序方式操作时它们不能操作得足够快，所以LCOS和LCD投影仪同时地将红色、绿色和蓝色的光分量传递到屏幕上。因为LCOS和LCD芯片不能操作得足够快，这些投影仪中没有像基于DMD的单芯片投影仪那样使用旋转的色轮。
因此，典型的基于GLV、LCOS和GEMS的投影仪将使用三个调制器，这些调制器通常被称为“芯片”，以调制红色、绿色和蓝色通道中的光，这些调制器被组合以同时将光传递至屏幕。该配置与使用三个LCD面板的LCD投影仪相似。
如上所述，典型的基于DMD的系统通常不同在于：单芯片调制器与色轮一起使用，所述色轮将红色、绿色和蓝色光传递至单芯片，然后以颜色顺序方式传递至屏幕。这种DMD技术对于颜色分离(也被称为彩虹效应)是敏感的，其中在黑色背景上运动的亮或白色图像出现为有彩虹或颜色的阴影跟着该图像。这种彩虹效应部分是由于基于DMD的系统使用场序制成像的事实引起的。尽管单芯片DMD调制器具有上述缺点，但使用单芯片调制器的优点是更轻和更小的封装、更少的部件和电路以及减少的成本。
基于DMD的系统已经通过有时对其色轮添加另外的一组红色、绿色和蓝色的滤色片并且通过提高色轮的旋转速度来帮助减小对于观看图像的一些人的颜色分离的视觉效果来改进其颜色表现，然而其不能全部消除问题。过去，其它技术，例如LCD、LCOS、GEMS和GLV通过使用分别用于每一种颜色的三个单独的调制器，避免了颜色分离的问题，所以逐帧显示的整个图像不是与使用色轮一样顺序地分离的颜色。在产生白色像素的同时所有三种颜色都可以在“接通”位置。当在暗或黑色背景上显示白色或亮像素时，颜色分离最小化或不发生。
除了颜色分离的问题，一些技术，特别是基于LCD的技术，显示被称为颜色分散(color divergence)的不良特性，这是由于三个调制器的未校准导致的。颜色分散实质上是在白色像素的一边具有一种颜色，另一边另一种颜色，例如红色和蓝色。
如上所述，在先前可获得的装置中，通常使用分别用于每一种颜色的三个光调制装置，并且也使用单个光调制装置在切换至下一颜色之前用单一颜色顺序地显示整个图像或场。然而，三个光调制装置的使用增加了成本、重量、功率要求和投影系统的复杂性。
考虑到上述内容，值得注意的是没有已知的现有技术提供逐列地顺序扫描全色的投影系统。因此，现有的技术都具有一些缺点，这些由本发明解决。本发明公开了通过使用本文描述的方法和结构特征来最小化，并且在一些方面消除了上述缺陷和其它问题。
将在随后的说明部分中陈述本发明的特征和优点，并且部分从说明部分显而易见或可以通过实施本发明而被认识到，无需过度试验。本发明的特征和优点可通过所附权利要求中具体指出的仪器和组合而实现和获得。
附图说明
本发明的特征和优点将从对结合附图地呈现的下述详细说明的考虑中变得显而易见，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的实施例的投影系统；
图2示出了入射到光调制装置上的不同颜色的光的空间分离；
图3示出了入射到光调制装置的调制表面上的不同颜色的光的空间分离；
图4示出了入射到光调制装置上的不同颜色的光的脉冲的时间分离；
图5是示出了入射到光调制装置上的不同颜色的光的脉冲的时间分离的图；
图6示出了改变图像的相邻像素上的脉冲宽度对像素间间隙的影响的图；
图7示出了改变图像的相邻像素上的脉冲持续时间对像素间间隙的影响的图；
图8示出了反射模式下的光调制装置的横截面；
图9示出了衍射模式下的光调制装置的横截面；
图10示出了示例性输入光学组件。
具体实施方式
为了促进对根据本发明的原理的理解的目的，现在将参照附图中示出的实施例，并使用特定语言来描述所述实施例。然而，应理解不旨在由此限制本发明的范围。本领域技术人员和拥有本发明的人员可正常地想到的对此处示出的发明特征的任何变形和其它修改、以及此处示出的发明的原理的任何其它应用将被认为是在本发明的范围内。
本文引用的用于描述本发明的背景和提供关于其实施的其它详细内容的出版物和其它参考材料由此通过引用而全部并入本文，下述情况例外：在所述参考材料的任何部分与该申请不一致的情况下，该申请取代所述参考材料。此处讨论的参考材料只提供它们在本申请的申请日之前的公开内容。此处没有任何内容被理解为建议或承认发明人无权通过先前发明或公开内容将这样的公开内容提前，或使得本公开内容区别于参考材料中公开的主题。
必须注意，如本说明书和所附权利要求中使用的，单数形式“一个”和“该”包括多个指示物除非上下文另有清楚的指示。在描述本发明和要求专利权时，将根据下面陈述的定义使用下述术语。如本文所使用的，术语“包括”、“含有”、“包含”、“具有”、“特征在于”及其文法等同物为不排除其它未陈述的元件或方法步骤的包含或开放式术语。
本文描述的本发明的实施例涉及用于使用一维光调制装置来形成二维图像的新型系统和方法。在一个示例性实施例中，本发明包括单个光调制装置和发射具有不同波长的光，例如红色、绿色和蓝色光的多个激光光源。多个激光光源的每一个也可以发射一个范围内的波长的光。不同波长的光或多个范围内的波长的光的每一个都在光调制装置上被在空间和时间上间隔。也就是说，不同波长的光或多个范围内的波长的光的每一个都可以会聚在光调制装置上的唯一且不同的位置处。
此外，可在单独的时间以脉冲发射每一个不同波长的光，即在时间上间隔，使得一次仅一个波长或颜色的光入射在光调制装置上。不同波长或颜色的脉冲的时间间隔允许光调制装置有足够的时间来进行重新配置以接收下一个光脉冲。
尽管不同波长或多个范围内的波长的光脉冲在光调制装置上被空间地、时间地分隔，但振荡或连续旋转扫描镜的使用使得光的调制脉冲会聚在成像表面上的相同位置处。如果振荡镜保持静止，则每一个不同波长的光将形成会聚在屏幕的不同区域处的图像列，并且相邻列之间可能有一些重叠。然而，因为扫描镜的使用，在光调制装置上时间地、空间地分隔的不同波长的光或多个范围内的波长的光会聚在二维图像的同一线性元素上。也就是说，来自不同光源的一维图像现在在空间上会聚在二维图像的同一线性元素上，尽管在不同时间，即使所述一维图像形成在光调制装置上的不同物理位置上。本领域技术人员应理解：在光调制装置上物理地偏置不同波长的光或多个范围内的波长的光的显著的益处是，能够顺序地以全色形成二维图像的多个线性元素，并且显著地减小由光脉冲的时间间隔引起的“彩虹效应”。
本发明的一个示例性方法涉及提供由能够以脉冲发射不同波长或颜色的光、或多个范围内的波长的光的多个不同颜色的光源组成的投影系统。这样的方法可使用三个脉冲光源，包括：红色、绿色和蓝色光。实质上，每一个不同颜色的光脉冲都在调制器上被对准并且与其它光脉冲间隔一定距离。当调制的光脉冲在表面上被扫描时，它们将以这样的方式被同步，使得相关光脉冲落于屏幕上的一个点/列上，从而创建没有颜色分离的图像。
现在参照图1，示出了根据本发明的原理的投影系统10的示例性实施例。投影系统10包括光调制装置12、红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18、输入光学组件19、输出光学组件20、扫描铳22和投影透镜24。
光调制装置12是具有光调制表面13的一维光调制装置。光调制装置12可以是本领域技术人员已知的微芯片或芯片的形式。在操作中，来自红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的光入射在光调制装置12的光调制表面13上。光调制表面13可包括具有悬挂在一对柱之间并且在基片上方的例如带状物的多个长条形元件的光栅光阀(GLV)。基片可包括导体。在操作中，所述带状物(图1中未具体示出)操作为产生从反射模式和衍射模式，或可供替换地，反射模式和干涉模式中选择的调制光。可供替换地，光调制表面13可包括用于调制光的其它微机电结构。
现在参照图8和图9，描绘了合适的光调制装置12的横截面侧视图。长条形元件28悬挂在基片30上方。长条形元件28的每一个都包括导电和反射表面32以及弹性材料34。长条形元件28的总反射表面32形成了光调制表面13(在图1中也由13表示)。基片30的表面包括导体36。
图8描绘了反射模式下的光调制装置12的光调制表面13。在反射模式下，长条形元件28的导电和反射表面32形成了一个平面，使得入射光I从长条形元件28被反射以产生反射光R。
图9描绘了衍射模式下的光调制装置12的光调制表面13。在衍射模式下，电气偏压使得长条形元件28中的隔行的元件向基片30移动。在长条形元件28中的隔行的元件的反射和导电表面32与导体36之间施加电气偏压。该电气偏压导致了长条形元件28中的隔行的元件和长条形元件28中的未被偏压的元件之间的四分之一入射光I的波长的高度差。该四分之一波长的高度差产生了包括正负一个衍射级的衍射光D-1和D+1。
图8和图9分别描绘了反射和衍射模式下的光调制装置12。由于长条形元件28的隔行的元件的小于四分之一波长的偏转，入射光I反射并衍射以产生反射光R和包括正负一个衍射级的衍射光D-1和D+1。换句话说，通过将长条形元件28的隔行的元件偏转小于四分之一波长，光调制装置12产生可变的反射率，所述反射率在显示应用中提供了灰度效应(grayscale effect)。
尽管图8和9描绘了具有六个长条形元件28的光调制装置12，但光调制装置12优选地包括更多长条形元件28。通过设置更多的长条形元件28，长条形元件28能够用作被称为像素的组。每一个像素是由两个长条形元件28构成的组。可供替换地，每一个像素是由更多长条形元件28构成的组。
再参照图1，红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18可以是具有发射脉冲激光能力的激光源。来自红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的脉冲光通过输入光学组件19被引导至光调制装置12的调制表面13上。因此，输入光学组件19的一个功能是跨越所有像素均匀地照射光调制装置12，使得每一个像素上都具有相同强度的入射光。输入光学组件19的第二个功能是沿垂直于带状物的阵列的方向将光聚焦为窄光束。因此，输入光学组件19应创建变形的(anamorphic)或较其宽度更长的沿其高度具有均匀分布的光柱。
此外，如下文中更详细地描述的，输入光学组件19也将稍稍偏置来自红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18中的每一个的光。在一个示例性实施例中，输入光学组件19可以包括图10所示的x立方颜色组合器21。
输出光学组件20被插入在光调制装置12和扫描镜22之间的光路上。一般地说，输出光学组件20的目的是将调制光引导至扫描镜22上。在光调制装置12可操作为衍射光的情况下，输出光学组件20将需要包括用于将衍射光与非衍射光分离的滤波器。在一个示例性实施例中，滤波器可包括光瞳面处的掩模以阻拦反射光和任何不想要的衍射级的光的通过。在可供替换的示例性实施例中，可以使用具有施利仑型滤波器的改进的Offner继电装置(二者对于本领域技术人员都是熟知的)将衍射光与非衍射光分离，例如美国专利No.6,692,129中示出和描述的装置，该专利由此通过引用而全部并入本文。
扫描镜22可以是具有扫描旋转方向26和与扫描旋转方向相反的折回旋转方向的振荡扫描镜。典型地，利用扫描镜22的一次扫描在成像表面上以全色列画出了图像的整个帧。在其上扫描光的表面可包括任何类型的屏幕或显示器，而图像本身可包括以列和行排列的像素。
在一个示例性实施例中，投影系统10顺序地逐列扫描，在扫描图像的下一列之前以全色完成每一列。如本文所使用的，术语“全色”是指投影了所有所需的红色、绿色和蓝色光分量。应注意，这与先前可获得的系统显著地不同，所述先前可获得的系统是顺序扫描每一个颜色场的系统，例如基于DMD的系统。在另一个示例性实施例中，投影系统10逐行扫描，在扫描下一行之前以全色完成每一行。在另一个示例性实施例中，投影系统10以全色扫描图像的一维部分，然后扫描图像的下一个一维部分。因此，应理解本发明可按照需要顺序地扫描列、行、或图像的任何其它一维部分。因此，应理解：当提到图像时，术语“线性元素”是指图像的一列、一行或任何其它一维部分。
现在参照图2，描绘了投影系统12的图，所述投影系统12示出了扫描镜22在固定位置时从红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18发射的光的路径。应理解：该图用于理解投影系统10的操作，并且扫描镜22无意于在固定位置操作。此外，为了清楚起见，图2中已省略输入光学组件19、输出光学组件20和投影透镜24。但应理解它们是可以存在的。如可观察到的，来自红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的每一个的光都在光调制装置12的调制表面13上被空间分离。类似地，来自红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的每一个的光都在成像表面60上被空间分离，并且可以或可以不在扫描镜22的反射表面38上被空间分离。
图3是另一个描绘来自红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的每一个的光在光调制表面13上的空间分离的图。一维红色光柱40会聚在中心线42上。一维绿色光柱44会聚在中心线46上。一维蓝色光柱48会聚在中心线50上。应理解：光柱40、44和48的每一个都与长条形元件28基本上正交，并且可具有沿它们的高度的基本上均匀的光分布，从而每一个像素都被均匀地照亮。沿光柱40、44和48的每一个的宽度的分布都可以是非均匀的，例如高斯分布，并且分布的最强的部分分别形成光柱40、44和48的每一个的中心线42、46和50。此外，即使光柱40、44和48的每一个都会聚在光调制表面13上的空间不同的位置处，相邻的光束也可以有一些光的重叠区域54和56。
各个光柱40、44和48的相邻中心线42、46和50之间的间隔52或空间分隔可以约在2.3微米和2.7微米之间。在一个实施例中，间隔至少为1.5微米。在另一个实施例中，间隔至少为2.0微米。应理解：间隔52可以被确定为像素高度的函数。即使光柱40、44和48在光调制装置12上存在空间间隔，光柱40、44和48也不一定会聚在扫描镜22上的空间不同的位置处。扫描镜22处的分隔取决于光调制装置处的入射角。
应理解：除了多种颜色或波长的光的每一个在光调制装置12的光调制表面13上的空间分隔以外，多种颜色或波长的光也彼此在时间上被间隔开。也就是说，红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的每一个都在单独和不同的时间发射脉冲，本文中有时也称为“时间间隔”或“在时间上间隔”。下面将结合图4和5，讨论光源的这种时间间隔。
落在光调制装置12上的光束的宽度应足够宽以使得屏幕上的相邻列或像素之间没有显著的间隙。在一个示例性实施例中，投影系统10包括能够将来自红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的光聚焦的透镜。所述透镜可包括焦点。然而，因为透镜可能将光聚焦得太窄，所以光调制装置12的调制表面13可位于与透镜的焦点分离的位置，使得光稍微地在调制表面13上失焦。光的这种稍微失焦的状态操作为加宽光调制表面上的光柱40、44和48，使得成像表面上的图像的相邻列之间没有间隙。
图4描绘了时间A、时间B和时间C处的投影系统10的时序图。此外，为了方便起见，图中省略了输入光学组件19、输出光学组件20和投影透镜24，但应理解它们可以是存在的。如图4右侧由时序指示符所观察到的，时间从图的上部到图的下部增加。因此，时间A早于时间B和时间C，并且时间B早于时间C。
如上所述，由于本发明能够通过顺序地以全色形成图像的每一列或行，然后形成图像后面的列或行来形成图像，本发明相对于先前可获得的装置是有改进的。图4示出了使用单个光调制装置以全色在表面60上形成单列(被称为目标列58)的处理。
在图4的时间A处，红色光源14被示出将红色光束以脉冲形式照射在光调制装置12上。然后，光调制装置12调制红色光。在调制之后，调制的红色光被引导至扫描镜22上。扫描镜22接着将调制的红色光反射到表面60上的目标列58的位置处。以该方式，投影系统10先形成目标列58的红色分量。
下面，在时间B，红色光源14已关闭，并且光调制装置12被重新配置为接收下一个颜色(绿色)的光。绿色光源16以脉冲形式将绿色光照射在光调制装置12上与红色光源14空间不同的位置。光调制装置12调制绿色光。在调制之后，调制的绿色光被引导至扫描镜22上。请注意，在时间A和时间B之间，扫描镜22已经转动了，使得绿色光脉冲被反射为照射与红色光脉冲相同的目标列58。应理解：扫描镜22的转动在图4中被夸大了，以便示出此处所讨论的概念。以该方式，投影系统10形成了目标列58的绿色分量。
下面，在时间C，绿色光源16已关闭，并且光调制装置12被重新配置为接收下一个颜色(蓝色)的光。蓝色光源18以脉冲形式将蓝色光照射在光调制装置12上与红色光源14和绿色光源16空间都不同的位置。光调制装置12调制蓝色光。在调制之后，调制的蓝色光被引导至扫描镜22上。请注意，在时间B和时间C之间，扫描镜22已经转动了，使得蓝色光脉冲被反射为照射与红色光脉冲和绿色光脉冲相同的目标列58。以该方式，投影系统10形成了目标列58的蓝色分量。
人眼能够组合目标列58的红色、绿色和蓝色分量，并且观看者能够看到全色的列。然后，对于图像的每一个后续列重复上述时间A、时间B和时间C的上述处理，从而以列连续的形式形成图像的多个全色列。应理解在其它实施例中，在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下光的颜色的顺序可修改。
还应进一步理解：光调制装置12与红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的每一个都是同步的。也就是说，光调制装置12重新配置以接收光脉冲的每一个来恰当地调制接收的光。因此，需要光调制装置12具有相对高的切换速率，以便以顺序的方式形成全色列。应理解：本发明的图4所示的相同原理可用于以全色并且顺序的方式形成图像的行或其它线性元素。
现在参照图5，示出了描绘屏幕上的图像的两个相邻的列或像素的形成的图。图5底部的时序指示符示出了时间从图的左向右增加。线62表示光调制装置12的状态。当线62水平时，如附图标记64所示，光调制装置12是稳定的或准备好调制下一个进来的光脉冲。当线62非水平时，例如在附图标记66表示的位置，光调制装置12是不稳定的，或者在转换的状态。可以观察到红色、绿色和蓝色光源14、16和18仅当光调制装置12在正确配置或状态下时才发射脉冲。然而，当光调制装置12在转换的状态下时，光源14、16和18也可以发射脉冲，但这增加了亮度却降低了投影图像的分辨率。因此，优选地，在光调制装置12正在移动或在两个状态之间转换时，红色、绿色和蓝色光源14、16和18不发射脉冲。第一组具有每一种颜色的光的光脉冲68形成了全色列，并且第二组也具有每一种颜色的光的光脉冲70形成了相邻的全色列。
由附图标记72(该附图标记应指示脉冲的中心到中心的距离，而不是在其之间的间隔)指示的脉冲之间的时间间隔取决于图像的列的数量(纵横比)、折回时间和更新频率。例如，对于60Hz的更新率、8000列的图像和20％的折回时间，每一列的时间为(1/60秒)/(10000列)。因此，脉冲的中心到中心的时间间隔为1.67微秒/3或约0.556微秒。在一个示例性实施例中，脉冲之间的时间间隔在大约0.3微秒和约0.8微秒之间。在一个示例性实施例中，脉冲之间的时间为约0.556微秒。因此，应理解脉冲持续时间被确定为投影仪的分辨率的函数。
如上面间接提到的，扫描一维图像(例如一列)以形成二维图像可能不希望地导致相邻列和像素之间的间隙。本发明包括以两种方式之一减小或消除这些间隙。首先，如图6所示，可以在保持脉冲持续时间恒定的同时改变被引导至光调制装置12上的光脉冲的宽度。具体地讲，在脉冲时间＝P0并且脉冲宽度＝D0的情况下，第一像素80和第二像素82被像素间间隙84分隔。在脉冲时间＝P0并且脉冲宽度＝D1＞D0的情况下，第一像素80和第二像素82形成了重叠区域86。在脉冲时间＝P0并且脉冲宽度＝D2＞D1＞D0的情况下，第一像素80和第二像素82形成了大于重叠区域86的重叠区域88。如上所述，可通过使光在光调制装置12上稍微失焦来改变光脉冲的宽度。
第二，如图7所示，可通过改变光的脉冲持续时间来消除像素之间的间隙。具体地讲，在脉冲时间＝P0并且脉冲宽度＝D0的情况下，第一像素80和第二像素82被像素间间隙84分隔。在脉冲时间＝P1＞P0并且脉冲宽度＝D0的情况下，第一像素80和第二像素82形成了重叠区域86。在脉冲时间＝P2＞P1＞P0并且脉冲宽度＝D0的情况下，第一像素80和第二像素82形成了大于重叠区域86的重叠区域88。应理解，除了消除像素之间的间隙外，还希望改变图像的清晰度(sharpness)或柔和度(softness)。本发明能够通过改变脉冲的脉冲持续时间或宽度来这样做。
此外，尽管光调制装置12(见图1-2，8-9和10)已经在本文中被描述为使用光栅光阀，但不能认为对本发明进行如此限制。光调制装置12可以是适用于调制光的任何类型的装置，包括数字镜装置、光衍射装置或适用于调制光的任何其它类型的装置。光调制装置12也可以是微分干涉光调制器。美国专利No.7,054,051中公开了微分干涉光调制器的一个例子，所述专利通过引用而全文并入本申请。
请注意，来自红色光源14、绿色光源16和蓝色光源18的每一个光脉冲都可以具有持续时间。光源中的每一个都可以相对于其它光源在不同的持续时间发射脉冲。还请注意，根据本发明可使用多于三个光源，包括但不限于4个光源、5个光源和6个光源。光源可包括发射相同波长的光的多个光源，并且可包括一个或更多半导体激光器。
此外，光源发射脉冲的顺序可以变化。此外，请注意光源可不按照顺序发射脉冲，即非顺序的。例如，光源可以下述顺序发射脉冲：红色、绿色、绿色、蓝色、红色、绿色、绿色、蓝色。也可使用其它顺序。
此外，应理解上述多个光源14、16和18(见图1-2和4)中的每一个都可以发射一个范围的波长的光来代替离散的波长的光。例如，可通过两个或更多的光源发射离散波长来形成一个颜色的光。此外，一些光源可发射多个离散波长的光来形成一个颜色。
相关领域的技术人员将理解由本发明的投影系统的功能提供的优点。例如，本发明的一个特征是提供能够以全色列或行顺序方式扫描图像的投影系统。也就是说，本发明能够在以全色画出图像的列或行之后，画出图像的后续列或行。本发明的另一个特征是提供减小投影屏幕上的相邻像素或列之间的间隙的方式。本发明的又一特征是，根据其一个方面，提供与不同颜色的三个光源相结合地使用单个光调制装置的投影系统。
在上述详细说明部分中，本发明的各个特征都聚集在一个实施例中，以使公开的内容更富有效率。本公开的方法不应被解释为反映了这样的意图：要求专利保护的公开内容需要比每一个所附权利要求中明确地陈述的特征更多的特征。而是，如下述权利要求所反映的，发明的各个方面在于少于上述公开的单个实施例的所有特征。因此，通过引用将下述权利要求并入本详细说明部分，并且每一个权利要求本身构成了本公开内容的单独的实施例。
应理解上述配置仅举例说明了本发明的原理的应用。本领域技术人员在不偏离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可以设计各种修改和可供替换的设置，并且所附权利要求旨在覆盖这样的修改和配置。因此，尽管已经在附图中示出了并在上面具体而详细地描述了本发明，对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，可在不偏离本文所述的原理和概念的情况下进行包括但不限于大小、材料、形状、形式、功能和操作方式、组件和使用的变形的各种修改。因此，尽管已在附图中示出了本发明，并且与目前被认为是最能举例说明本发明的实施例相关联地在上文中具体而详细地全面描述了本发明，对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，可在不偏离本文所述的原理和概念的情况下进行包括但不限于大小、材料、形状、形式、功能和操作方式、组件和使用的变形的各种修改。

Claims (44)

1、一种用于在表面上产生图像的投影系统，所述投影系统包括：
光调制装置；
多个光源，多个光源中的每一个都发射入射在光调制装置上的不同波长的光；以及
其中，不同波长的光的每一个在空间上不同的位置处会聚到光调制装置上。
2、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，其中所述光调制装置可在第一配置和第二配置之间操作，其中所述第一配置用于如平面镜一样反射入射光，并且所述第二配置用于衍射入射光。
3、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，其中所述光调制装置包括多个长条形的带状物，多个长条形的带状物中的每一个都具有光反射表面。
4、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，其中所述多个光源包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源。
5、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，其中多个光源中的每一个都是激光器。
6、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，还包括用于扫描调制光的扫描镜。
7、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，还包括投影透镜。
8、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，其中光调制装置调制不同波长的光以便顺序地在反射表面上以全色形成图像的线性元素。
9、如权利要求8所述的投影系统，其中所述线性元素包括图像的列和行的至少一个。
10、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，其中多个光源在不同的时间以脉冲发射不同波长的光的每一个。
11、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，还包括用于将光的衍射部分与光的非衍射部分分离的滤波器。
12、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，其中多个光源以具有脉冲持续时间的脉冲发射多个波长的光中的每一个。
13、如权利要求12所述的投影系统，其中多个波长的光的每一个的脉冲持续时间都是可变的。
14、如权利要求12所述的投影系统，其中脉冲持续时间被确定为投影仪的分辨率的函数。
15、如权利要求12所述的投影系统，其中脉冲持续时间约为0.5微秒。
16、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，还包括具有焦点的透镜，所述透镜可操作为聚焦多个波长的光，其中光调制器的调制表面位于与透镜的焦点分离的位置，使得多个波长的光稍微在调制表面上失焦。
17、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，还包括光调制装置上的多个波长的光的中心之间的空间间隔，其中所述多个波长的光的相邻中心之间的空间间隔被确定为像素高度的函数。
18、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，还包括光调制装置上的多个波长的光的中心之间的间隙，其中所述多个波长的光的相邻中心之间的间隙为至少2.0微米。
19、如权利要求1所述的投影系统，还包括光调制装置上的多个波长的光的中心之间的间隙，其中所述多个波长的光的相邻中心之间的间隙为在2.3微米和2.7微米之间。
20、一种用于在表面上产生图像的投影系统，所述图像包括多个线性元素，所述投影系统包括：
光调制装置；
多个光源，多个光源中的每一个都发射入射在光调制装置上的不同波长或波长范围的光；以及
其中光调制装置调制入射在其上的光，以顺序地在表面上以全色形成图像的多个线性元素中的每一个。
21、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，其中所述光调制装置可在第一配置和第二配置之间操作，其中所述第一配置用于如平面镜一样反射入射光，并且所述第二配置用于衍射入射光。
22、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，其中所述光调制装置包括多个长条形的带状物，所述多个长条形的带状物中的每一个都具有光反射表面。
23、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，其中所述多个光源包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源。
24、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，其中多个光源中的每一个都是激光器。
25、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，还包括用于扫描调制光的扫描镜。
26、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，还包括投影透镜。
27、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，其中所述多个线性元素包括图像的列和行的至少一个。
28、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，其中来自多个光源中的每一个的光在空间上不同的位置处会聚到光调制装置上。
29、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，其中所述多个光源在不同的时间以脉冲发射光。
30、如权利要求20所述的投影系统，还包括用于将光的衍射部分与光的非衍射部分分离的滤波器。
31、一种投影系统，包括：
扫描镜；
多个光源，所述多个光源中的每一个都发射在被调制之后入射在扫描镜上的不同波长或波长范围的光；以及
其中所述不同波长或波长范围的光中的每一个都在空间上不同的位置处会聚在扫描镜上。
32、如权利要求31所述的投影系统，其中不同波长或波长范围的光中的每一个在不同的时间入射到扫描镜上。
33、如权利要求31所述的投影系统，还包括光调制装置，所述光调制装置放置在多个光源和扫描镜之间的光路上。
34、如权利要求33所述的投影系统，其中所述光调制装置可在第一配置和第二配置之间操作，其中所述第一配置用于如平面镜一样反射入射光，并且所述第二配置用于衍射入射光。
35、如权利要求33所述的光学装置，其中所述光调制装置包括多个带状物，所述多个带状物中的每一个都具有光反射表面。
36、如权利要求31所述的光学装置，其中由扫描镜扫描的调制光顺序地在表面上以全色形成图像的多个线性元素。
37、如权利要求36所述的光学装置，其中所述多个线性元素包括图像的列和行的至少一个。
38、一种用于在表面上形成图像的方法，所述图像包括多个线性元素，所述方法包括使用单个光调制装置顺序地在表面上以全色形成图像的线性元素的每一个的步骤。
39、如权利要求38所述的方法，还包括在不同的时间以脉冲将不同波长的光发射到单个光调制装置上的步骤。
40、如权利要求39所述的方法，还包括将不同波长的光会聚在单个光调制装置的空间上不同的位置处的步骤。
41、如权利要求38所述的方法，其中所述单个光调制装置可在第一配置和第二配置之间操作，其中所述第一配置用于如平面镜一样反射入射的多个波长的光，并且所述第二配置用于衍射入射的多个波长的光。
42、如权利要求38所述的方法，其中所述线性元素包括图像的列和行的至少一个。
43、如权利要求38所述的方法，还包括用扫描镜扫描调制的多个波长的光的步骤。
44、如权利要求38所述的方法，还包括用于将光的衍射部分与光的非衍射部分分离的步骤。
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