CN101516492A - 胶囊 - Google Patents
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- CN101516492A CN101516492A CN200780033938.1A CN200780033938A CN101516492A CN 101516492 A CN101516492 A CN 101516492A CN 200780033938 A CN200780033938 A CN 200780033938A CN 101516492 A CN101516492 A CN 101516492A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
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Abstract
一种制造包含与水不混溶的液体的核－壳胶囊的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：(a)将在分散条件下非活性的交联剂分散到与水不混溶的液体中；(b)将得到的分散体乳化成可交联的水胶体的水溶液；和(c)将交联剂活化从而使水胶体在分散体/溶液界面处交联。所述方法简单并且提供可冷装填的胶囊。该胶囊材料可由植物来源的材料制成。
Description
本方法涉及一种制备微胶囊的方法，并且更特别地涉及使用非动物来源的水胶体作为壁材的那些。
水胶体(在水中材料的胶态悬浮体)是制备微胶囊所需的材料，因为它们可容易且便宜地从天然动物源和植物源中获得。典型的实例为来源于各种动物的明胶，和来源于植物的胶如结冷胶(gellan gum)。这些材料中的一些可以例如通过暴露于钙或镁离子而交联。
以前，胶囊通过凝聚来形成，其中使壳形成在分散的核心粒子上。该方法已经使用了很多年，但它复杂且困难，通常需要非常精确地控制温度和pH。该方法还使用来源于动物的材料(猪、牛或鱼明胶)。这具有局限性，因为就香味来说，许多消费者不希望消耗动物来源的产品，或者是因为有意识的素食选择或者是希望避免动物携带的疾病，如BSE(疯牛病)。
研究发现可以通过简单的方法制备核-壳胶囊，该方法避免了已知方法的复杂性。因此提供了一种制造包含与水不混溶的液体的核-壳胶囊的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(a)将在分散条件下非活性的交联剂分散到与水不混溶的液体中；
(b)将得到的分散体乳化成可交联的水胶体的水溶液；和
(c)将交联剂活化从而使水胶体在分散体/溶液界面处交联。
另外提供了通过上述方法制备的含液体的胶囊。
待包封的液体可以是任何合适的、所需的与水不混溶的液体。其典型地为香料油，但它也可以是观测不到溶于水且希望将其包封的任何液体，例如药物。香料油的非限制性实例包括辛酸戊酯、肉桂酸苄酯、乙酸癸酯、异戊酸香叶酯、柠檬烯、水杨酸甲酯、诺卡酮、丁酸辛酯、2-戊基噻吩、异硫氰酸苯乙酯、δ-十四内酯、2，2’-硫代二亚甲基二呋喃、三聚硫酮和异丁酸香兰素酯。
该液体可以单独使用，或者它可以包括合适的与水不混溶的溶剂。这种溶剂的使用已经是公知的，并且技术人员将容易地选择用于任何给定应用的合适溶剂或溶剂共混物。一种特别理想的溶剂是MCT，中链甘油三酯，它是可容易获得的市售材料。这些基本上是脂肪酸与甘油的三酯，并且是低粘度、低气味的油，它们耐氧化。可以使用这类液体的混合物，或者将其分别用于单个胶囊中或者将其一起共混在胶囊中。此外，该液体可以是固体或气体材料的溶液。
在本发明中使用的水胶体可以是适用于包封并且能够与交联剂一起使用的任何水胶体，随后将在本说明书中对其加以描述。合适的水胶体通常来源于植物源并且它们包括(但不局限于)食品级藻酸盐、果胶、凝胶多糖胶(curdlan gum)和结冷胶。藻酸钾、藻酸钠和藻酸铵全部都是食品级材料，最通常用到藻酸钠。
在本发明中使用的交联剂必须是能溶解或分散到包封相内的交联剂，即它在其分散体或溶液条件下是非活性的，而然后能够在连续水相中活化以交联溶解的水胶体。取决于交联剂的性质，可以通过任何便利的方法进行活化，如改变温度或pH，辐射或添加活化剂。在典型实例中，交联剂可以是钙或镁离子。这此情形下，碳酸钙可以分散到待包封的液体中并且液体逐次乳化成水胶体水溶液，其中水胶体可通过暴露于Ca++离子而交联。在中性pH下，碳酸钙不溶于水。然而，如果使水溶液的pH为酸性，则碳酸钙变得更加可溶并且释放Ca++离子，然后Ca++离子使水胶体在小液滴/水溶液界面处交联从而形成壳。
本发明的方法可以在可容易使用的设备中进行。
可以将该胶囊制造成已经装填了所需待包封液体的胶囊。或者，可以将它们制造成“空白(blank)”胶囊并在需要时通过本领域已知的任何方法将其装填液体。典型的方法包括在美国专利6,045,835中描述的那些，在此引入其内容作为参考。
可以将如此制备的胶囊用于其中需要包封材料的多种用品(application)中的任何一种。非限制性实施包括各种食品如冰淇淋和冰糕、汤、肉汤(broth)、和炖菜(stew)、面条、意大利面食、和米饭、肉以及干酪、辛香料和辛香料共混物、以及油炸食品；各种饮料如酿造的茶、碳酸饮料、酒精饮料、能量饮料、乳制品、和果汁；糖果类如口香糖、巧克力和各种糖果；各种烘焙商品如蛋糕、小甜饼和饼干；固体、液体或喷雾形式的医药制剂、牙膏、牙胶和牙粉；嗽口水；乳膏、洗液和喷雾形式的化妆品制剂。
因此还提供一种包括用品基本成分(application base)和装填如上所述制备的胶囊的用品。“用品基本成分”是指包括除胶囊之外所有其他通常所需成分的组合物，所述成分需要来组成供使用或消耗用的用品。该用品可以包含用品实现其所需目的而需要的所有标准成分，所述所有成分以本领域公认的量使用。因为根据本发明的用品可应用于多种目的，这些目的有很多种并且下面所列的仅仅是一小部分，但技术人员仅仅使用本领域的普通技术将能够容易地配制任何所需的用品。典型的实例包括：颜料、色料和染料；表面活性剂和乳化剂；溶剂和助溶剂；增稠剂和粘度调节剂；填料和补充剂；抗氧化剂和防腐剂；UV吸收剂；发泡剂；消泡剂等。
现在将参考以下非限制性实施例进一步描述本发明。
实施例1
制备“空白”胶囊
向包含495g蒸馏水的1升烧杯中添加5g藻酸钠(KeltoneTMLV)。将混合物在中速下搅拌直到藻酸盐完全溶解为止。向包含43.2g MCT的250ml烧杯中添加2.8g细粉状CaCO3。将该混合物在中速下搅拌从而使CaCO3均匀分散。将该分散体添加到pH为中性的藻酸盐溶液中，同时在中速下搅拌。当达到所需的100-500微米的小液滴尺寸时，添加50％柠檬酸从而使pH降低至4.5。在几分钟后，配料变粘并添加500g蒸馏水从而将体系稀释。使配料在中速下搅拌几个小时。在这段时期内，胶囊壁的尺寸显著生长。随后的几天，使用常规方法将胶囊浓缩和干燥。
实施例2
制备含香料的胶囊
向包含995g蒸馏水的2升烧杯中添加5g藻酸钠(KeltoneTMLV)。将该混合物在高速下搅拌直到藻酸钠完全溶解为止。向包含43.2g香芹烯的250ml烧杯中添加2.8g细粉状CaCO3。将该混合物在中速下搅拌从而使CaCO3均匀分散。将该分散体添加到pH为中性的藻酸盐溶液中，同时在中速下搅拌。当达到所需的500-1000微米的小液滴尺寸时，添加50％柠檬酸液从而使pH降低至5。监测配料的pH同时将其在中速下搅拌。随着时间的逝去，pH升高并且添加另外的50％柠檬酸溶液从而保持pH在5左右。持续进行此操作直到pH保持不变为止。使配料整夜搅拌。然后停止搅拌并使用淡水洗涤胶囊并将其浓缩。然后将浓缩的胶囊淤浆添加到包含500g 2％CaCl2溶液的1升烧杯中，从而完成交联并将壁加强。将胶囊在该溶液中搅拌几个小时。再次用水洗涤胶囊从而移出任何残留的CaCl2并将其保存在水中。
实施例3
冷装填空白胶囊
将14.6g来自实施例1的干胶囊与1.4g水完全混合，从而使水均匀分布。使胶囊壁放置15分钟。向该水合胶囊中添加4g苯乙酮并将混合物完全混合，然后使其静置整夜。
通过将装填的胶囊溶解到500ml 30℃水中测定香料向水中的释放。发现胶囊在10分钟内释放大约50％包封的香料，在30分钟内释放75％。
Claims (7)
1、一种制造包含与水不混溶的液体的核-壳胶囊的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(a)将在分散条件下为非活性的交联剂分散到与水不混溶的液体中；
(b)将得到的分散体乳化成可交联的水胶体的水溶液；和
(c)将交联剂活化从而使水胶体在分散体/溶液界面处交联。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其中水胶体来源于植物源。
3、根据权利要求2的方法，其中水胶体是食品级藻酸盐、果胶、凝胶多糖胶和结冷胶中的至少一种。
4、根据权利要求1的方法，其中在制备胶囊的过程中存在待包封的与水不混溶的液体。
5、根据权利要求1的方法，其中将胶囊制成空白胶囊并在随后步骤中将其用与水不混溶的液体装填。
6、可通过根据权利要求1的方法制备的含液体的胶囊。
7、用品，所述用品包括用品基本成分和根据权利要求1制备的装填的胶囊。
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| US9816059B2 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2017-11-14 | International Flavors & Fragrances | Stabilized capsule compositions |
| US10226405B2 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2019-03-12 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Purified polyurea capsules, methods of preparation, and products containing the same |
| US11311467B2 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2022-04-26 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Polyurea capsules prepared with a polyisocyanate and cross-linking agent |
| US10085925B2 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2018-10-02 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Polyurea capsule compositions |
| US9687424B2 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2017-06-27 | International Flavors & Fragrances | Polyurea capsules prepared with aliphatic isocyanates and amines |
| EP2726192A4 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2015-07-22 | Univ Akron | METHOD OF ENCAPSULATION AND IMMOBILIZATION |
| CN111569798B (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-08-17 | 中山大学 | 一种可降解核壳式氧化海藻酸钙凝胶微球及其制备方法和应用 |
| CH718106B1 (de) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-07-29 | Microcaps Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kapseln mit einer Matrixhülle |
| WO2022241192A1 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-11-17 | Logical Brands, Inc. | Plush animal toys with incorporated flavor compositions |
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| JPS53100175A (en) * | 1977-02-14 | 1978-09-01 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Microencapsulating method for hydrophobic liquid |
| CA1321048C (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1993-08-10 | Robert W. J. Lencki | Microspheres and method of producing same |
| JPH0235066A (ja) * | 1988-04-15 | 1990-02-05 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | 呈味成分を内包させたカプセル体の製法 |
| JP3482242B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-10 | 2003-12-22 | 株式会社キティー | 生理活性物質の封入されている微粒子及びその製法 |
| JP3249744B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-27 | 2002-01-21 | 株式会社キティー | 芯物質含有カルシウム微粒子の製法 |
| US6039901A (en) | 1997-01-31 | 2000-03-21 | Givaudan Roure Flavors Corporation | Enzymatically protein encapsulating oil particles by complex coacervation |
| US6045835A (en) * | 1997-10-08 | 2000-04-04 | Givaudan Roure (International) Sa | Method of encapsulating flavors and fragrances by controlled water transport into microcapsules |
| NO20021592D0 (no) | 2002-04-04 | 2002-04-04 | Fmc Biopolymer As | Polysakkaridkapsler og fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling derav |
| FR2854072B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-23 | 2006-08-04 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Vecteur pour administration par voie orale |
| BRPI0607270B1 (pt) | 2005-01-25 | 2015-12-29 | Givaudan Sa | método de encapsulação para compostos |
| WO2006119660A1 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-16 | Givaudan Sa | Encapsulation method |
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| IN2009CN01381A (zh) | 2015-08-07 |
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