CN101471899A - Network data access method, access gateway and system capable of supporting sensor - Google Patents
Network data access method, access gateway and system capable of supporting sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sensor network data access method, and an access gateway and a system thereof. The sensor networks are linked via gateways and IP network systems to support access to sensor network data. The access method comprises the following steps: (a) storing target access equipment information in a gateway; (b) searching the target access equipment information by the gateway when the gateway starts routing the sensor data from a sensor network linked with the gateway according to target node information of the sensor data; (c) carrying out IP data encapsulation of the sensor data with the obtained target access equipment information and sending to target access equipment via an IP network; and (d) decapsulating the received IP data packet by the target access equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, relate in particular to the employed data communication of a kind of sensor network (Sensor Network) and handle.
Background technology
Along with the continuous development of sensor technology, wireless communication technology, computing technique and perfect, various sensor networks will spread all over our living environment.Sensor network can be measured the parameter value of object being observed in the given area, the detection and the relevant parameter of events of interest are estimated, to the classification of object being observed and identification and to functions such as the location of object being observed and tracking, have broad prospect of application, be widely used in national defense and military, safe anti-terrorism, environmental monitoring, traffic administration, health care, combat a natural disaster to recover and field such as industrial production manufacturing.
Usually, as a sensor network system of isolated net, it has relatively independent, particular communication and Routing Protocol mode, the wireless sensor network of typical communication protocol mode such as IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee standard in its internal system; Typical Routing Protocol spreads (Directed Diffusion) agreement, LEACH (low-yield self-adaption cluster hierarchical structure) agreement etc. to guarantee that sensor node carries out rational information route, transmits, converges as (Flooding) agreement that floods, Gossiping (chat) agreement, SPIN agreement, orientation.But it also needs the sensor nodes in interior this sensing network system of target access device access such as sensor node in a kind of mode convenient for example client computer, other sensor network.For example: client computer can be used as management node, sensor node in the sensor network system is configured and manages, issue monitoring task and collection Monitoring Data, in addition, sensor node in other sensor network system also needs the sensor node in the sensor network system is conducted interviews as the collaborative work node.But, the sensor node of actual client or other sensor network system is in the other end of traditional IP (or other concrete latticed form) away from this accessed sensor network system usually, so, crossed over multiple different communication system between the sensor node in target access equipment and the accessed sensor network system, can not directly interconnect effectively, thereby limited sensor network application in practice, therefore, the long-range access of sensor network system, and interconnected between the sensor network system becomes a current problem that presses for solution gradually.
In network system shown in Figure 1, client computer 121 conducts interviews by 12 pairs of sensor networks 10 of IP network system, by the proxy gateway 11 of a customization is set between sensor network and IP network system, 101 of sensor nodes in the IP network system 12 in client computer 121 and the sensor network 10 all need pass through proxy gateway 11 alternately, this proxy gateway can work in dual mode: as relaying or as front end.During 1), as relaying, the client computer 121 of its data passes that just sensor node 101 produces in the autobiography sensor network 10 in the future simply in the IP network system 12, client computer 121 must at first be registered to proxy gateway 11, and proxy gateway is transferred to registered client computer 121 with data from sensor network system according to aforementioned log-on message again.Obviously, in this manner, sensor node must send data updated by gateway 11 to client computer 121 with the high-frequency cycle in the sensor network system 10, to guarantee the real-time of data, so will cause the data traffic burden of IP network system.During 2), as front end, this proxy gateway 11 is collected in advance from sensor node data in the sensor network system 10, and with information stores in its database, client computer 121 can be passed through variety of way (as by SQL, or based on the inquiry of Web interface) information of particular sensor node 101 in these proxy gateway 11 query sensors network systems 10.Obviously, in this manner, sensor node must send data updated to proxy gateway 11 with the high-frequency cycle, and to guarantee the real-time of database, the finite energy that this will certainly quicken to consume sensor node causes its life span to reduce.
In addition, also there is following defective in above-mentioned agent way: a proxy gateway is exclusively used in specific task or certain protocol usually, therefore, specific application need specific agency realize, there is not general routing mechanism between the proxy gateway, the certain problem of interconnected existence between the sensor network system yet.
In network system shown in Figure 2, sensor network 10 as its communication protocol, can be realized itself and seamless connection of any IP network system 12 with ICP/IP protocol.Only need one or more sensor nodes are connected to IP network 12 and need introduce intermediary node or gateway.Yet general sensor node lacks necessary internal memory and computational resource, can't move complete ICP/IP protocol stack.Although the ICP/IP protocol stack can be reduced to satisfy resource requirement, realize that as Sweden College of Computer Science uIP in the operation that only has on 2kB internal memory, the 8 bit processor nodes, is used for sensor network with ICP/IP protocol and also has a large amount of problems.It mainly shows: routing algorithm is not suitable for that sensor network, data packet head expense are too big, the TCP retransmission mechanism expends excessive power, security mechanism can't be provided, and needs the node in the hypothesis sensor network to be assigned the IP address.
Fig. 3 has disclosed another kind of sensor network and the integrated scheme of IP network based on time-delay tolerance network (DTN).Under the DTN framework, placed a DTN gateway 14 (similar) between IP network 12 and the sensor network 10, but DTN gateway 14 adopts distinctive cover layer (Overlay) technology to realize being connected between sensor network 10 and the IP network 12 to described proxy gateway 11 placement locations of Fig. 1.1), IP network covering sensor network it can adopt two kinds of cover layer schemes:; 2), sensor network covers IP network.Cover under IP network 12 structures at sensor network 10, client computer 121 is regarded as a dummy node of the sensor network 10 that is configured in the IP network 12, this dummy node is relative sensor network 10, be taken as in logic with sensor network 10 in the identical peer entity of sensor node 101 functions.Actual sensing node 101 is interconnected by cladding technique with the client computer 121 as dummy node in the sensor network, forms the virtual-sensor network.Usually in DTN, channel reliability is not required, adopt opportunistic mode to receive and send data, communication delay is unpredictable, so the characteristics of DTN are to allow big communication delay.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to offer target access equipment to remote sensor networks system access method and pairing system, gateway device etc. based on existing IP network system.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of sensor network data access method is provided here, described sensor network is connected with the IP network system, to provide sensor network data is visited by gateway, comprises the steps: a), preserves in gateway the target access facility information; B), when gateway carries out the route processing to the sensing data from the sensor network that is connected, according to its destination node information searching target access facility information; C), according to the target access facility information that is obtained sensing data is carried out the IP data encapsulation and is sent to target access equipment by IP network; D), the IP packet received of target access equipment interconnection carries out decapsulation and handles.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of sensor network system here, comprising: the first sensor network, form by some sensor nodes; First gateway, link to each other with described first sensor network, when the protocol data from the first sensor network is carried out the route processing, the specific protocol data are carried out the IP data encapsulation and offered IP network according to its target access facility information of its destination node information searching and with the target access facility information; The IP network system links to each other with described first gateway, and its IP data are carried out route; Target access equipment links to each other with described IP network system, the IP packet that receives is carried out decapsulation handle
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of gateway of supporting sensor network data visit is provided here, and it comprises: the sensor network interface device: receive from the sensor node specific protocol data of sensor network and carry out corresponding route and handle; Mapping device: be used to preserve the target access facility information and according to the described target access facility information of the destination node information acquisition of described sensor node protocol data; IP network interface arrangement: described specific protocol data are carried out the IP data encapsulation and are sent to the IP network that is connected with the target access facility information that is obtained.
The beneficial effect that the present invention brought is: the sensor network of different specific protocol modes can be connected to each other by general IP network, thereby can be seamlessly interconnected between a plurality of sensor networks small-scale, isolated, isomery, carry out exchanges data, carry out unified task and service, also make things convenient for management, the visit of client computer simultaneously to described sensor network.This invention does not change the structure and the protocol mode of existing sensor network yet, it for exchanges data between sensor network provides a kind of effective, practical mechanism, need not any embedded IP protocol stack or the complicated cover layer network of supervene on existing sensors equipment by present networks.
Description of drawings
By the detailed description with the accompanying drawing that proposes below, it is more obvious that feature of the present invention, character and advantage will become, and components identical has identical sign in the accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is based on the sensor network system visit signal of proxy gateway mode;
The sensor network system visit signal that the ICP/IP protocol that is based on Fig. 2 realizes;
Fig. 3 is based on the sensor network system access mode of time-delay tolerance network (DTN) gateway mode;
Fig. 4 is sensor network system visit provided by the present invention, interconnected systems structural representation;
Fig. 5 is sensor network IAD structure embodiment provided by the present invention;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred implementation of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 4 is a sensor network interconnected systems structural representation provided by the present invention, it comprise two independently sensor network 10A, 10B, IP network system 12, sensor network 10A, 10B connect and compose a sensor network system on the meaning in larger scope by IAD 15A, 15B and IP network system 12 separately respectively, client computer 121 (15c) can be used as access node or management node conducts interviews respectively, disposes the sensor node among sensor network 10A, the 10B by IP network system 12, IAD 15A, 15B.
In general, sensor node is a miniature embedded system normally owing to carry limited powered battery, its disposal ability, storage ability relative with communication capacity a little less than.From network function, each sensor node is taken into account the terminal and the router dual-use function of legacy network node, except carrying out local information collection and data processing, also will to other sensor node transmit data store, processing such as management and information fusion, cooperate with other sensor node simultaneously and finish some particular tasks.With sensor network 10B is example explanation, a large amount of sensor nodes be deployed at random surveyed area inner or near, can constitute network by the self-organizing mode.Sensor node 102B data monitored is transmitted along other sensor node hop-by-hop ground, data monitored may be by a plurality of sensor node processes in transmission course, through arriving the IAD 15B as aggregation node after the multi-hop route, the objective sensor node among the sensor network 10A that links to each other with IP network by IP network alternate manners such as (or) satellites arrival target access equipment-client computer 121 or by IAD 15A communicates at last.
Aforementioned target access equipment will be realized the data access to sensor node among the sensor network 10A, IAD 15B need know the IP address of the IAD 15A of client computer 121 or sensor of interest network 10A, and the accessed sensor node data of the sensor network 10B of its access can be transferred in real time, pellucidly (comprising route messages, data-message etc.) the IAD 15A at client computer 121 or sensor of interest network 10A place and be transmitted to objective sensor node (for example 102A) in the sensor network that is inserted by it.
Equally, we also can be configured IAD 15A, make accessed sensor node data among its corresponding sensor network 10A be diffused into objective sensor node among the sensor network 10B in real time, pellucidly.
Between IAD 15B and target access equipment, can adopt specific tunnel protocol that transducer IP data are carried out encapsulation process and sent to target access equipment, this mode utilizes the infrastructure of Internet or other public internet network to create the tunnel for the user, and safety and the function guarantee the same with dedicated network is provided.
Below further disclose gateway 15A, 15B and how to support the data access of target access equipment sensor network.
At first, we need preserve the target access facility information in gateway, can be by modes such as administration configuration or message diffusion configurations.
As a kind of optional execution mode, client computer 121 can by IP network to needs mutually sensor network 10A, the 10B of visit gateway 15A, the 15B that be inserted be configured, respectively the sensor node of the sensor network of opposite end, the IP address of IAD are provided with.
As a kind of optional execution mode, the gateway of each sensor network is diffused into the sensor node topology information in this gateway the gateway of sensor network of the peer-to-peer communications in strange land.Sensor network gateway can be shared the routing iinformation that obtains each strange land sensor node like this.Such as, by diffusion sharing, the IP address that can preserve the information of all the sensors node among the sensor network 10A and pairing IAD 15A among the IAD 15B is right.
Next, when gateway 15B carries out the route processing to the sensing data from the sensor network that is connected, according to its destination node information searching target access facility information;
For example, the data of the sensor node 101B among the sensor network 10B need send to client computer 121, when its packet is routed to gateway 15B, can obtain the IP address " 10.10.1.101 " of client computer 121 according to aforementioned preservation target access facility information.
Equally, when the data of the sensor node 102B among the sensor network 10B are configured to send to node 102A among the sensor of interest network 10A, when its specific protocol packet is routed to gateway 15B, according to the target access facility information of aforementioned preservation, the IP address that can obtain the pairing IAD 15A of sensor of interest network 10A is " 10.10.1.102 ".
Next,, gateway 15B carries out the IP data encapsulation and is sent to target access equipment by IP network sensing data with the target access facility information that is obtained.
For example, gateway 15B decision sensing data need be sent to client computer 121, and the IP packet that it is carried out after the IP packet encapsulation is handled and will be encapsulated is forwarded to IP network 12.
Equally, gateway 15B is behind the IP address " 10.10.1.102 " that obtains the pairing IAD 15A of sensor of interest network 10A, and the IP packet that can carry out after the IP packet encapsulation is handled and will be encapsulated is forwarded to IP network 12 and is routed to IAD 15A by it.
Preferably, gateway 15B can adopt specific tunnel protocol that transducer IP data are carried out encapsulation process and sent to target access equipment.Tunneling technique can be respectively based on the 2nd layer or the 3rd layer tunnel protocol, layer 2 tunneling protocol is corresponding to the data link layer of osi model, use frame as exchanges data unit, PPTP (Point to Point Tunnel Protocol), L2TP (Level 2 Tunnel Protocol), L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol(L2F)) belong to layer 2 tunneling protocol, are user data to be encapsulated in the PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol) frame send by the Internet; The 3rd layer tunnel protocol uses bag as exchanges data unit corresponding to the network layer of osi model.IPIP (IP over IP), ipsec tunnel pattern belong to the 3rd layer tunnel protocol, are IP to be sealed be contained in the additional IP packet header, transmit by IP network.Which kind of tunnel protocol all is made up of the carrier of transmission, different encapsulation format and user data package.
At last, the gateway 15A of sensor of interest network carries out the decapsulation processing and further described sensing data is transmitted to sensor node the transducer IP packet that receives.
If front gateway 15B adopts tunneling technique that transducer IP data are encapsulated, here, the same protocol processes mode of the pairing gateway 15A employing of sensor of interest network 10A is talked with received IP packet and is carried out reverse process.
Fig. 5 is sensor network IAD 15B structure embodiment provided by the present invention, and it mainly comprises: sensor network apparatus 51, mapping processing unit 52, IP network interface arrangement 53, wherein.
Sensor network interface device 51 as southbound interface, be used for supporting that the sensor node of connected local sensor network communicates, other can be achieved as follows protocol stack structure: physical layer provides simple but healthy and strong signal modulation and wireless transmit-receive technology, for example IEEE 802.15.4 wireless personal-area network has defined 2.4GHz frequency range and two kinds of physical layer standards of 868/915MHz frequency range, its major function comprises: activate and the dormancy radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, channel energy detection, channel receives the link-quality indication of packet, clear channel assessment (CCA), transceive data; Data link layer is responsible for data framing, frame detection, media interviews and error control, for example the IEEE802.15.4 standard is divided into medium Access Layer MAC and logical link control layer LLC to data link layer, media access control sublayer is supported multiple LLC standard, data frame transfer between the service realization equipment that media access control sublayer use physical layer provides, and the LLC sublayer provides towards connecting and connectionless service to equipment on the basis of media access control sublayer; Network layer mainly be responsible for route generate with Route Selection (for example: Zigbee) and corresponding routing mechanism (for example Flooding agreement, Gossiping agreement etc.).
If the sensor of interest network has a large amount of sensor nodes, this mapping table space will become very huge, in order to search fast and to shine upon, can adopt certain optimization mechanism compressed index space, and in addition, the distribution of converging of structure I D can be used to finish hierarchical routing.
IP network interface arrangement 53 as northbound interface operation ICP/IP protocol so that sensor data packet or application data are encapsulated into the IP packet, and the end-to-end communication of initialization IP packet; Or be used to represent its all the sensors node that connects and other sensor network to carry out data communication as a virtual sensor node.
The IP network interface arrangement can further adopt IP tunnel mechanism to transmit sensor data packet, for example common tunneling mechanism based on the 2nd layer or the 3rd layer tunnel protocol.Can expand on the bottom physical interface and support any network communication interface type, for example: meet communications network interfaces such as the ethernet network interface of IEEE802.3 technical standard, the radio network interface that meets the IEEE802.11 technical standard or GPRS/CDMA.
Although above-mentioned being illustrated as the invention provides some embodiment; be not to be used for limiting protection scope of the present invention; the professional in present technique field can carry out various modifications to embodiment under the prerequisite that does not depart from the scope of the present invention with spirit, this modification all belongs in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of sensor network data access method, described sensor network is connected with the IP network system, to provide sensor network data is visited by gateway, it is characterized in that:
A), in gateway, preserve the target access facility information;
B), when gateway carries out the route processing to the sensing data from the sensor network that is connected, according to its destination node information searching target access facility information;
C), according to the target access facility information that is obtained sensing data is carried out the IP data encapsulation and is sent to target access equipment by IP network.
D), the IP packet received of target access equipment interconnection carries out decapsulation and handles.
2, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the target access facility information is the second sensor network sensor node and the second corresponding gateway ip address information thereof in the step a), second gateway further is transmitted to the sensing data that is received the objective sensor node in second sensor network in the step d).
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that step a) target access facility information is the IP address information of access client.
4, as the described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that in the described step c), gateway further carries out encapsulation process with the particular tunnel agreement to the IP packet, in the step d), target access equipment is handled the received corresponding decapsulation of data of carrying out.
5, a kind of sensor network system comprises:
The first sensor network is made up of some sensor nodes;
First gateway, link to each other with described first sensor network, when the protocol data from the first sensor network is carried out the route processing, the specific protocol data are carried out the IP data encapsulation and offered IP network according to its target access facility information of its destination node information searching and with the target access facility information;
The IP network system links to each other with described first gateway, and its IP data are carried out route;
Target access equipment links to each other with described IP network system, the IP packet that receives is carried out decapsulation handle.
6, sensor network system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the second sensor network sensor node of described target access equipment for being connected with IP network by second gateway, described second gateway further is transmitted to the sensing data that is received the objective sensor node in second sensor network.
7, sensor network system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described target access equipment is access client.
8, as the described sensor network system of claim 5 to 7, it is characterized in that described first gateway further encapsulates the IP data with the particular tunnel agreement, described target access equipment further carries out corresponding oppositely decapsulation to the IP packet from the IP network system to be handled.
9, a kind of support is characterized in that comprising to the gateway of sensor network data visit:
Sensor network interface device: receive from the sensor node specific protocol data of sensor network and carry out corresponding route and handle;
Mapping processing unit: be used to preserve the target access facility information and according to the described target access facility information of the destination node information acquisition of described sensor node protocol data;
IP network interface arrangement: described specific protocol data are carried out the IP data encapsulation and are sent to the IP network that is connected with the target access facility information that is obtained.
10, gateway as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that described IP network interface arrangement further carries out encapsulation process with the particular tunnel agreement to the IP data.
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| CNA2007101730779A CN101471899A (en) | 2007-12-26 | 2007-12-26 | Network data access method, access gateway and system capable of supporting sensor |
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| CNA2007101730779A CN101471899A (en) | 2007-12-26 | 2007-12-26 | Network data access method, access gateway and system capable of supporting sensor |
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