CN101465703A - 基于推荐网络填充因特网电台服务的内容库的方法和系统 - Google Patents
基于推荐网络填充因特网电台服务的内容库的方法和系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供了一种用于基于包括多个同等设备的实时媒体推荐网络填充媒体服务的内容库的计算机实现的方法和系统。该方法和系统的方面包括：由服务器从多个同等设备中的一个接收对意欲给接收者的媒体项的推荐；确定媒体项是否存在于内容库中；响应于确定媒体项不存在于内容库中，请求同等设备上载媒体项；以及响应于媒体项被上载，将媒体项存储在内容库中。
Description
背景技术
因特网电台(intemet radio)是经由因特网传送的广播服务。许多因特网电台与传统的(“地面的”)电台完全无关，并且仅在因特网上广播，其通常被称为流播。
常规的因特网电台服务的示例包括Pandora和YAHOO Launchcast电台。Pandora是获取用户输入的种子歌曲并且创建定制的电台的因特网电台服务。用户可以通过对所建议的歌曲进行评级来影响但不控制该电台。该服务在用于因特网电台的强制许可下运行。
Yahoo！LAUNCHcast电台是允许用户创建适合其口味的其自已的定制的电台的流播音乐服务。用户可以对艺术家和专辑评级较高以经常听到他们并且禁止不喜欢的艺术家和专辑。用户也可以收听YAHOO！编辑人员创建的多于130个预先编排的电台的集合。YAHOO！也提供用于YAHOO！即时通讯(文本消息服务)的音乐LAUNCHcast插件。该插件让用户的好友看见用户经由LAUNCHcast电台当前正在收听的内容。该插件也允许用户的朋友调到该电台使得他们也可以收听该音乐。
因此，常规的因特网电台服务可以提供用于基于来自用户的输入(例如，Pandora)或者用户的朋友的影响(例如，Yahoo！)来为特定用户创建定制的电台的方法，但是常规的因特网电台服务未考虑同年龄群体影响。例如，特定青少年收听的音乐可以由诸如其朋友的一群该青少年的同龄人所收听的音乐高度影响。
另外，开设并且运行因特网电台服务的成本可以是显著的。一个显著成本是建立并维护因特网电台服务意欲播放的歌曲的内容库的成本。典型地，内容库通过购买或者在另外情况下许可对电台意欲提供的所有歌曲的权利来填充，其可能数以百万计。关于这的一个问题是内容库中的许多歌曲可能从未被播放，而大部分成本涉及将结果可能是具有非常有限的听众的新歌曲和/或独一无二的歌曲并入。
维护因特网电台服务的成本的另一个组分包括应付给在因特网上广播的录制作品的表演者的持续增长的版税。当前资费包括每年每频道500美元(美国)的最低费用，以及用于播放每首歌曲的递增的费用。自从1998年收取资费以来，就以每次执行(performance)为基础向网络传播者收费。对于2006年适用的费用是每次执行0.0008美元。执行被定义为将一首歌曲流播到一个收听者。具有10,000个收听者的网络传播者因而将支付用于每首流播的歌曲的现行资费的10,000倍。费用每年递增，到2010年将达到每首歌曲0.0019美元。如果实施该决定，则该决定可能会损害许多因特网电台的商业模式，所述因特网电台先前依赖从1998到2005年从未改变的每首歌曲0.000768美元的资费。
因此，存在对用于填充诸如因特网电台服务的媒体服务的内容库、以及用于内容的回放的改进的方法和系统的需要。
发明内容
示例实施例提供了用于基于包括多个同等(peer)设备的实时媒体推荐网络填充媒体服务的内容库的计算机实现的方法和系统。该示例实施例的方面包括：服务器从多个同等设备中的一个接收对意欲给接收者的媒体项的推荐；确定媒体项是否存在于内容库中；响应于确定媒体项不存在于内容库中，请求同等设备上载媒体项；以及响应于媒体项被上载，将媒体项存储在内容库中。
根据在此公开的方法和系统，因特网电台服务从同等设备的用户获取媒体项并且填充内容库，从而仅需要媒体服务支付与购买对媒体服务的成员希望听到的媒体项的权利相关联的成本。另外，当请求播放媒体项时，因特网电台服务确定该媒体项是否存储在同等设备上，并且如果是这样，则让媒体项在同等设备上本地播放，以消除流播媒体项以及为接收者已经合法获取的媒体项支付相关联的版税的需要。
附图说明
图1图示了根据一个实施例的用于基于实时媒体推荐网络填充媒体服务的内容库的系统。
图2是根据一个实施例图示了图1的同等设备的操作的流程图。
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例图示了用于基于实时媒体推荐网络填充因特网电台服务的内容库的过程的流程图。
图4是进一步详细地图示了用于基于在P2P网络中接收的推荐用媒体项填充内容库的系统的操作的流程图。
图5是根据示例实施例的又一个方面图示了用于就因特网电台的强制许可限制而论确定在同等设备内的媒体项回放的过程的图。
图6是示出具有基于推荐、用户偏好以及许可施行(enforcement)算法的回放次序的示例推荐队列的框图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于基于实时媒体推荐网络填充媒体服务的内容库的方法和系统。展示下面的描述以使本领域的普通技术人员能够实施和使用本发明，并且在专利申请和其要求的环境中提供下面的描述。对在此描述的实施例以及通用原理和特征的各种修改对本领域的技术人员将是显而易见的。因此，并不意在将本发明限制在所示出的实施例中，而是赋予本发明与在此所描述的原理和特征相一致的最大范围。
主要根据在特定实施方式中提供的特定系统来描述本发明。然而，本领域的普通技术人员将容易认识到，该方法和系统将在其它实施方式中有效运行。例如，在本发明中可使用的系统、设备和网络可以采用多种不同的形式。也将在具有某些框的特定方法的环境中来描述本发明。然而，该方法和系统对于具有与本发明并非不一致的不同的和/或附加的框的其它方法也有效运行。
图1示出了根据一个实施例的用于基于实时媒体推荐网络填充媒体服务的内容库的系统10。通常，系统10包括多个同等设备12a、12b以及12n(统称为同等设备12)，所述同等设备能够展示或播放媒体项44并且经由诸如但不限于因特网的网络22与诸如但不限于因特网电台服务30的媒体服务通信。注意到，虽然为了论述的简洁和方便，示例实施例可以从作为例如mp3的歌曲方面来论述媒体项44，但是术语媒体项44同样适用于其它类型的媒体，诸如数字图像、幻灯片以及视频展示。示例性的视频展示是电影、电视节目、音乐视频等等。
在该实施例中，同等设备12经由网络22形成对等(P2P)网络。在一个实施例中，同等设备12可以通过相互直接通信形成P2P网络，而在另一个实施例中，同等设备12可以经由因特网电台服务30形成P2P网络。同等设备12可以是具有到网络22的连接和音频回放能力的任何设备。例如，同等设备12可以是具有到网络22的有线或无线连接的个人计算机、膝上型计算机、移动电话、便携式音频播放器、PDA或类似物。
同等设备12中的每一个可以包括媒体播放器14、推荐引擎16、媒体集合18以及许可施行算法20。通常，媒体播放器14运行来播放来自媒体集合18的媒体项，例如歌曲。媒体集合18包括存储在一个或多个数字存储单元中的任何数量的媒体项，所述数字存储单元诸如一个或多个硬盘、闪存、存储卡、内部随机存取存储器(RAM)、外部数字存储设备或类似物。推荐引擎16向其它同等设备12提供识别媒体项的推荐。媒体播放器14和推荐引擎16可以在软件、硬件或硬件和软件的组合中实现。推荐引擎16可以替选地被并入媒体播放器14。
在运行中，媒体播放器14每次播放歌曲时，推荐引擎16运行来经由P2P网络向其它同等设备12b、12n提供识别媒体项的推荐。推荐并未包括媒体项。在一个实施例中，推荐可以是包括识别媒体项的信息的推荐文件。另外，如以下所详细论述的，基于从其它同等设备12b、12n接收的识别其它同等设备12b、12n最近播放的媒体项的推荐和与同等设备12a的用户相关联的用户偏好，推荐引擎16运行来编程地或自动地选择待由媒体播放器14播放的下一个媒体项。
根据示例实施例的又一个实施例，许可施行算法20允许媒体播放器14播放最高推荐的媒体项，同时维持对用于因特网电台的强制许可的遵从，如下面的进一步说明。
因特网电台服务30可以包括连接到网络22的一个或多个中央服务器32(统称为中央服务器32)。中央服务器32可以托管用户帐户模块34、内容库36、内容服务模块38以及内容帐务模块40。用户帐户模块34可以以用户数据42的形式维护关于因特网电台服务30的成员的信息。因特网电台服务30的成员优选地对应于同等设备12的用户。
根据示例实施例，当每一个用户向因特网电台服务30推荐新的媒体项44时，每次将一个媒体项44(例如，一首歌曲或曲目)填充入内容库36。内容库36可以维护识别每一个新近添加的媒体项44的信息。示例实施例在用户通过因特网电台服务30相互作出推荐时仅用从同等设备12的用户上载的媒体项44来填充内容库36，而不是用已购买其权利但可能从未被请求或被播放的大量媒体项来填充内容库36，而这对于媒体项44的大型库可能是昂贵的。由于因特网电台服务30仅需要获取用于已被上载的推荐的媒体项44的权利，所以因特网电台服务30可以在填充内容库36方面实现显著的成本节约。
内容服务模块38负责识别新的媒体项44，并且在歌曲的情况下，将歌曲流播到端点，并且从全长歌曲生成预览。内容帐务模块40可以被用来控制许可要素(例如，用于广播音乐的版税支付)，包括与许可的媒体项46有关的信息、因特网电台服务30与之具有许可安排的标签以及包含参数用于控制对各种许可方案的遵守的许可规则。许可的媒体项46表示权利已被获取的媒体项的列表，因而是上载的媒体项44的子集。并且，许可的媒体项46可以作为GUID表而不是实际文件来实现。
图2是根据一个实施例图示图1的同等设备的操作的流程图。在该示例中，媒体项44被描述为是歌曲。首先，同等设备12合作建立P2P网络(框200)。可以使用例如电子或口头邀请启动P2P网络。当用户希望与诸如其朋友的一群特定的其他用户一起建立P2P网络时邀请可能是所期望的。注意到，当用户期望其收听的音乐仅受例如该用户的朋友收听的歌曲影响时这可能是有益的。当在同等设备12的本地无线覆盖区域内的同等设备12的数量很大时邀请也可能是所期望的。作为另一个示例，同等设备12可以维护识别同等设备12的用户的朋友的“好友列表”，其中当在同等设备12的本地无线覆盖区域内存在“好友列表”所识别的用户的同等设备12时同等设备12可以与“好友列表”所识别的用户的同等设备12一起自动建立P2P网络。
替选地，同等设备12a可以通过检测在同等设备12a的本地无线覆盖区域内的其它同等设备12b、12n并且与检测到的同等设备12b、12n的至少子集一起自动建立P2P网络来与其它同等设备12b、12n一起建立自组织P2P网络。为了控制自组织P2P网络内的同等设备的数量，同等设备12a可以将其它同等设备12b、12n的用户的用户简档与同等设备12a的用户的用户简档进行比较，并且基于用户简档的相似性确定是否允许其它同等设备12b、12n加入P2P网络。
在建立P2P网络后的某个时刻，同等设备12播放歌曲(框202)。最初，在从其它同等设备12b、12n接收到任何推荐之前，歌曲可以是同等设备12a的用户所选择的来自媒体集合18的歌曲。在歌曲回放之前、期间或之后，推荐引擎16将识别该歌曲的推荐发送到其它同等设备12b、12n(框204)。在一个实施例中，将推荐从同等设备12a直接发送到其它同等设备12b、12n中的一个或多个。在另一个实施例中，将推荐从同等设备12a首先发送到中央服务器32，中央服务器32然后将推荐转发到其它同等设备12b、12n的所期望的接收者。在一个实施例中，同等设备12a的用户可以通过从朋友或好友列表选择名称或ID来选择将推荐发送到P2P网络的哪些其它成员。
推荐可以包括但不限于接收者的标识符和识别歌曲的信息。识别歌曲的信息可以包括用于歌曲的全球唯一标识符(GUID)、歌曲的标题或类似物；使其它同等设备能够获取歌曲的统一资源定位符(URL)，诸如使得能够从因特网电台服务30下载或流播歌曲的URL或者使得能够从电子商务服务购买并下载歌曲的URL；使得能够从因特网电台服务30或类似的电子商务服务下载或流播歌曲的预览的URL；描述歌曲的元数据，诸如包括例如风格、歌曲的标题、歌曲的艺术家、在其上可以找到歌曲的专辑、发布歌曲或专辑的日期、歌词等等的ID3标签。
推荐也可以包括推荐者列表，所述推荐者列表包括识别先前已推荐歌曲的每一个用户的信息和用于每一个推荐的时间戳。例如，如果歌曲最初在同等设备12b处播放，然后响应于来自同等设备12b的推荐在同等设备12n处播放，则推荐者列表可以包括识别同等设备12b的用户或同等设备12b的信息和识别同等设备12b播放或推荐歌曲的时间的时间戳，以及识别同等设备12n的用户或同等设备12n的信息和识别同等设备12n播放或推荐歌曲的时间的时间戳。同样，如果同等设备12a然后选择该歌曲用于回放，则识别同等设备12a的用户或同等设备12a的信息和相应的时间戳可以被追加到推荐者列表。
同等设备12a、并且更明确地推荐引擎16也从其它同等设备12b、12n接收推荐(框206)。来自其它同等设备12b、12n的推荐识别其它同等设备12b、12n所播放的歌曲。可选地，推荐引擎16可以基于例如用户、风格、艺术家、标题、专辑、歌词、发布日期等等对来自其它同等设备12b、12n的推荐进行过滤(框208)。
推荐引擎16然后从下列歌曲中自动选择用于播放的下一首歌曲：从其它同等设备12b、12n接收的推荐所识别的歌曲；可选地先前接收的推荐所识别的歌曲；以及基于用户偏好的来自媒体集合18的一首或多首歌曲(框210)。在另一个实施例中，推荐引擎16可以考虑所有先前接收的推荐，其中所述推荐可以在预定的或用户预定义的时间段之后满期，或者可以仅考虑自选择前一首歌曲后所接收的推荐所识别的那些歌曲。当同等设备12具有有限的处理和存储能力时这可以是有益的。
如下所述，用来选择用于播放的下一首歌曲的用户偏好可以包括赋予多个类别中的每一个的权重或优先级，所述类别诸如用户、风格、发布年代以及位置/可用性。通常，位置识别歌曲是否被本地存储在媒体集合18中；歌曲经由因特网电台服务30是否可用；歌曲是否可供从电子商务服务或其它同等设备12b、12n中的一个下载、以及可选地购买；在如果需要的话用户可以搜索歌曲的情况下，歌曲当前是可用的还是不可用的。用户偏好可以被本地存储在同等设备12处或经由网络22从中央服务器获取。如果同等设备12是便携式设备，则用户偏好可以在诸如个人计算机的相关联的用户系统上被配置，并且在同步过程期间被转送到同等设备12。用户偏好可以替选地由推荐引擎16基于同等设备12的播放历史自动提供或建议。在示例实施例中，可以基于用户偏好对来自其它同等设备12b、12n的推荐所识别的歌曲和来自媒体集合18的歌曲进行评分或排名。然后，基于分值，推荐引擎16选择用于播放的下一首歌曲。
在于2006年7月11日提交的题为“P2P Network for Providing Real TimeMedia Recommendation(用于提供实时媒体推荐的P2P网络)”的共同未决的申请No.11/484,130中描述了用于基于用户偏好对推荐的歌曲进行评分的过程，所述申请在此以引用的方式整体并入本文中。
一旦选择了用于播放的下一首歌曲，同等设备12获取所选择的歌曲(框212)。如果所选择的歌曲是媒体集合18的部分，则同等设备12a从媒体集合18获取所选择的歌曲。如果所选择的歌曲不是媒体集合18的部分，则可以经由流播从因特网电台服务30获取所选择的歌曲、或者从电子商务服务或从其它同等设备12b、12n中的一个获取所选择的歌曲。例如，对歌曲的推荐可以包括提供指向从其可以获取歌曲的源的链接的URL，并且同等设备12可以从对歌曲的推荐中所识别的源获取所选择的歌曲。一旦获取了所选择的歌曲，播放该歌曲并且重复过程(框202-212)。
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例图示了用于基于实时媒体推荐网络填充因特网电台服务的内容库的过程的流程图。过程从中央服务器32从同等设备12接收对意欲给接收者的媒体项44的推荐开始(框300)。中央服务器32确定媒体项44是否存在于内容库36中(框302)。
响应于确定媒体项44不存在于内容库36中，中央服务器32请求同等设备12上载媒体项44(框304)。响应于媒体项44被上载，将媒体项44存储在内容库36中(框306)。根据在此公开的方法和系统，因特网电台服务30从同等设备12的用户获取媒体项44并且填充内容库36，从而显著减少了与购买对媒体项44的权利相关联的预付成本。
在示例实施例的又一个方面，如果媒体项44被本地存储在接收者的同等设备12b上，则因特网电台服务30然后可以在接收者的同等设备上本地播放媒体项44，这应会进一步减少因特网电台服务30所欠的任何版税支付。
如上所述，用于在同等设备12和中央服务器32之间发送推荐的过程可以在不同的实施例中实现。在P2P网络的一个实施例中，同等设备12a可以将推荐发送到中央服务器32用于转发到其它同等设备12b、12n，并且中央服务器32可以响应于从同等设备12a接收推荐而执行框302。然而，在P2P网络的另一个实施例中，同等设备12可以绕过中央服务器32相互直接发送推荐。在这种情况下，在接收同等设备12b从发送同等设备12a接收推荐中的一个之后，并且在接收同等设备12b播放媒体项44之前或之后，接收同等设备12b可以将接收到的推荐转发给中央服务器32。中央服务器32然后可以响应于接收所转发的推荐而执行框302。
图4是进一步详细地图示了用于基于P2P网络中接收的推荐用媒体项填充内容库的系统10的操作的流程图。在该实施例中，过程从同等设备12a和12b向中央服务器32注册开始(块400和402)。注册可以包括同等设备12a和12b的用户建立因特网电台服务30的帐户以及成为因特网电台服务30的成员以及上载识别其各自的同等设备12a和12b的信息。
同等设备12a的用户然后可以经由中央服务器32将对媒体项44的推荐发送到同等设备12b的用户，即接收者(块404)。如果发送同等设备12a能够确定识别媒体项44的媒体项44的GUID，则同等设备12a将在推荐中发送媒体项44的GUID，并且中央服务器32可以使用GUID来查询内容库36以搜索媒体项44。
如果同等设备12不能确定媒体项44的GUID，则同等设备12a可以为媒体项44生成声学指纹，并且在推荐中发送该声学指纹。在这种情况下，响应于接收推荐，中央服务器32可以通过将声学指纹发送到元数据服务以检索识别媒体项44的元数据来请求内容服务模块38识别在推荐中涉及的媒体项44(块406)。识别媒体项44的元数据的示例可以包括GUID。商用的元数据服务的示例是GRACENOTE。
中央服务器32然后通过用识别媒体项44的元数据查询内容库36来确定推荐中涉及的媒体项44是否存在于内容库36中(块408)。
使用识别媒体项44的元数据，中央服务器32可以请求内容帐务模块40执行对媒体项44的许可验证(块410)。这通过将识别媒体项44的元数据(例如GUID)提交到诸如SOUNDEXCHANGE的许可交换所来完成，所述许可交换所使用元数据来查询许可或版权数据库以确定实体是否具有播放所查询的媒体项44的权利。许可交换所可以基于用于因特网电台的强制许可(下文所述)返回指示因特网电台服务30是否具有流播媒体项44的必要许可的值。如果该值为负，则因特网电台服务30可以丢弃该推荐并且通知发送该推荐的同等设备12a的用户该推荐被拒绝。替选地，因特网电台服务30可以完成交易但是注意到许可验证失败，并且一旦正确地识别权利持有者，则在那时支付适当的许可。
如果媒体项44不存在于内容库36中和/或如果在块406中不能识别媒体项44，则中央服务器32可以向同等设备12a发送上载媒体项44的请求(块412)。然后将媒体项44从同等设备12a上载到内容库36(块414)。在一个实施例中，媒体项44可以首先由中央服务器32接收并且然后被存储在内容库36中。在另一个实施例中，发送到同等设备12a的请求可以包括用于直接上载和存储的内容库36的URL。
在一个实施例中(未示出)，如果媒体项44未通过识别或许可验证，则可以将媒体项44移入单独的保持区域用于人工干预，并且可以通知发送推荐的同等设备12a的用户推荐失败。然而，如果识别和/或许可验证问题被解决，则可以在稍后的日期实现这样的未实现的推荐。
响应于媒体项44被上载，中央服务器32可以将推荐转发到接收者的同等设备12b，包括诸如GUID的识别媒体项44的元数据(块416)。在一个实施例中(未示出)，中央服务器32也可以发送询问媒体项44是否本地存储在同等设备12b上的查询。
如果媒体项44本地存储在同等设备12b上，则在同等设备12b上本地播放媒体项44(块418)。在同等设备12b上本地播放媒体项44具有节约因特网电台服务30的金钱的优势。因为因特网电台服务30未流播媒体项44，所以媒体项44的播放不应当受因特网电台版税计算的的任何强制许可所覆盖(factor into)，并且因特网电台服务30不应当欠任何许可交换所任何版税支付。根据所使用的因特网连接的速度和类型，本地播放媒体项44并且不流播媒体项44具有下列附加的优势：节约带宽成本以及潜在地提供改善的用户体验。
如果媒体项44并未本地存储在同等设备12b上，则因特网电台服务30经由内容服务模块38将媒体项44流播到接收者的同等设备12b(块420)。注意到，如果在块406中不能识别媒体项44，则块420可以包括将媒体项44的预览(例如，简短剪辑)流播到接收者的同等设备12b并且让接收者确认是否应当流播完整的媒体项44。
最后，为了版税支付的目的，因特网电台服务30记录流播的执行(块422)。即，遵循强制因特网电台广播许可并且向相应的版权持有者进行版税支付。
因特网电台在广播音乐时必须对付两种类型的版税。它们必须向音乐的作曲家支付版税(“作曲家版税”)。它们也必须向音乐的表演者支付版税(“表演者版税”)。差异的示例是来自电影史莱克的由破嘴合唱团演唱的歌曲“I’ma Believer(我是个坚信者)”的因特网流播。尼尔·戴蒙德是歌曲的实际作曲家，因此对用于广播的作曲家版税享有权利。而破嘴合唱团是表演者，因此对用于广播的表演者版税享有权利。
表演者版税基于两个主要的法律而产生，即1995年的《Digital Performancein Sound Recordings Act(录音制品数字化表演权法案)》和1998年的《DigitalMillennium Copyright Act(数字千年版权法)》。表演者版税(少许管理费用)被分享：50％给予唱片公司、45％给予主创(featured)艺术家以及5％给予非主创艺术家。表演者版税是用于因特网电台的强制许可的结果，如下所述。
作曲家版税支付给传统的表演权利组织：美国作曲家、作家与出版商协会(ASCAP)、广播音乐公司(BMI)以及欧洲剧作家与作曲家协会(SESAC)。
每一个组织的版税方案些微不同，并且其取决于站点是否提供交互式服务或者非交互式服务(即，用户是否能够控制其正播放的音乐)。但是其通常涉及获得以下算法的最大费用：(1)指定的费率乘以网站通过用户订阅或广告支持产生的收入；(2)指定的费率乘以如累计收听小时(ATH)所测量的因特网电台流播量；或者(3)最低费用。
例如，ATH为2小时表示向1个用户流播2小时或者为两个用户流播1小时。作为资费算法的示例，对于ASCAP，对于非交互式服务的版税基于以下的最大值：0.0185乘以站点收入、0.0006乘以站点的ATH或者288美元。
表演者版税支付给SOUNDEXCHANGE。对于该版税的资费由CopyrightRoyalty Board(版税委员会)制定。为2006-2010年制定的当前资费如下。对于商业网络传播者，针对表1中示出的关于每个收听者每次播放资费的版税，存在预先应付的每频道500美元的最低年费：
| 年份 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
| 资费 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.19 |
表1
对于非商业的网络传播者，每频道的年费为500美元，最多合计每月159，140累计收听小时(“ATH”)。在这之后，适用用于商业网络传播者的每次播放资费。
为了使因特网电台广播者更容易地启动其商业而不用首先从所有的艺术家和版权持有者获取明确的广播权利，建立了用于因特网电台的强制许可。如果网络传播者遵守严格的规章，则其由强制许可所包含并且不需要为其广播获取明确的版权允许。
强制许可的要求包括下列各项：1)网络传播者必须向版权局注册；2)网络传播者必须遵从执行限制；3)网络传播者不能提供收听者支配流内容的交互式服务；3)当播放歌曲时网络传播者必须识别歌曲标题、所来自的专辑以及主创的艺术家；4)网络传播者不能在任何3小时内广播来自任何一张专辑的多于3个的选择并且不能连续播放多于2个的选择；4)网络传播者不能在任何3小时内广播来自任一专辑的来自同一主创艺术家的多于4个的选择并且不能连续播放多于3个的选择；5)网络传播者不能公布识别特定歌曲、专辑或艺术家将被播放的时间的预告节目时间表；以及6)网络传播者必须向目前为SOUNDEXCHANGE的交换所支付所有适用的版税。
为了使因特网电台服务30遵从用于因特网电台的强制许可，则同等设备12的用户将失去在其推荐项队列中选择哪首歌曲用于播放的能力，因为这将是交互式服务。因此，同等设备12的用户将仅限于播放根据其偏好的评分最高的媒体项44。
然而，根据示例实施例的又一个方面，许可施行算法20(图1)将允许同等设备12的用户改变其偏好并且因此重新安排队列，但是在评分最高的媒体项44被播放之前，许可施行算法20将根据下述的图5中所示的过程检查对用于因特网电台(在同等设备12内)的强制许可限制的遵从。
由用于因特网电台的强制许可说明的限制当前应用于任何给定的3小时窗口。如此，同等设备12追踪与流播到相应的同等设备12的来自同一专辑的歌曲有关的特定信息是必要的。通过追踪该信息，同等设备12能够施行对强制许可的遵从，但是确保一旦同等设备12的用户最期望的媒体项符合条件该用户就有资格流播该最期望的媒体项。
在一个实施例中，许可施行算法20可以利用表来追踪流播到同等设备12的歌曲和专辑信息。例如，表可以包括最近播放专辑表和最近播放艺术家表。最近播放专辑表例如可以包括下列字段：
1.专辑输入的时间—来自专辑的歌曲被流播到相应的同等设备的最初时间。
2.播放最后歌曲的时间—来自专辑的最新歌曲被流播的时间。
3.连续时间—来自同一专辑的最后连续歌曲被流播的时间。
4.曲目计数—已被流播的来自同一专辑的歌曲的计数。
5.连续计数—已被连续流播的来自同一专辑的歌曲的计数。
图5是根据示例实施例的又一个方面图示了用于关于因特网电台的强制许可限制确定在同等设备12内的媒体项回放的过程的图。响应于启动过程(框502)，将下一首评分最高的媒体项44排队等待回放(框504)。许可施行算法20确定媒体项44是否在媒体集合18中(框506)。许可施行算法20然后确定媒体项44所属于的专辑是否在最近播放表中(框508)。如果是，则许可施行算法20确定对艺术家的连续计数是否小于或等于2(框510)。如果否，则许可施行算法20确定曲目计数是否小于或等于3(框512)。
如果对艺术家的连续计数大于2(框510)或者曲目计数大于3(框512)，则超出强制许可限制并且过程着手让下一首评分最高的媒体项排队等待(框504)。
如果曲目计数小于或等于3(框512)或者专辑不在最近播放表中(框508)，则许可施行算法20确定艺术家是否在最近播放表中(框514)。如果艺术家在最近播放表中，则许可施行算法20确定对艺术家的连续计数是否小于或等于3(框516)。如果否，则许可施行算法20确定曲目计数是否小于或等于4(框518)。
如果对艺术家的连续计数大于2(框516)或者曲目计数大于4(框518)，则超出强制许可限制并且过程着手让下一首评分最高的媒体项排队等待(框504)。
如果艺术家不在最近播放表中(框514)或者如果曲目计数大于4(框518)，则许可施行算法20更新最近播放专辑表(框520)。许可施行算法20也更新最近播放艺术家表(框522)。在更新了最近播放艺术家表(框522)后或者如果确定媒体项44已经在用户的集合中(框506)，则媒体播放器14在同等设备12上播放媒体项44。注意到，在媒体项44在用户的集合44中并且被本地播放的情况下，不需要追踪专辑和艺术家信息，因为没有从因特网电台服务30流播任何内容。
作为整个系统10的示例，考虑这样的因特网电台服务30的用户：该用户刚登录在新的会话中并且在图6中所示的他的同等设备12上具有推荐队列。图6是示出具有基于推荐、用户偏好以及许可施行算法20的回放次序的示例推荐队列的框图。
推荐队列中用白色示出的列反映在同等设备12的图形用户界面(GUI)中可以对用户是可见的部分。添加阴影的回放列以示出队列中的项的回放次序将如何受用于因特网电台的强制许可影响。如示例中所示，在用户的队列中评分最高的歌曲是来自“Toys in the Attic”专辑的由Aerosmith演唱的歌曲“SweetEmotion”。注意到，这对于用户是“远程”的选择，意味着用户并未包含该歌曲的本地副本并且将需要在强制许可下从内容库36流播该歌曲。
由于这是对该用户的新的会话，所以关于哪些歌曲可以被播放许可施行算法20确定尚不存在限制，因此播653E该歌曲。专辑被添加到同等设备12上的用来确保对用于因特网电台的强制许可的规章的遵从的最近播放专辑表，如表2中所示：
| 专辑输入的时间 | 播放歌曲的时间 | 连续时间 | 专辑 | 曲目计数 | 连续计数 |
| 下午1:02:16 | 下午1:02:16 | 0:00:00 | Toys inthe Attic | 1 | 1 |
表2
在用户的队列中的下一首评分最高的歌曲是来自同一专辑的由Aerosmith演唱的另一首歌曲(“Walk this Way”)。同样地，尚未应用来自强制许可的限制，因此播放该歌曲。注意到，如表3中所示，更新了最近播放专辑表。由于已连续流播来自同一专辑的第二首歌曲，所以连续时间被输入并且连续计数被递增。与曲目计数一样播放最后歌曲的时间也被更新。
| 专辑输入的时间 | 播放歌曲的时间 | 连续时间 | 专辑 | 曲目计数 | 连续计数 |
| 下午1:02:16 | 下午1:07:23 | 下午1:07:23 | Toys inthe Attic | 2 | 2 |
表3
如图6中所示，用户的队列中的下一首评分最高的歌曲是来自同一专辑的由Aerosmith演唱的另一首歌曲(“Round and Round”)。由于强制许可在任何给定的3小时窗口中不允许来自同一专辑的多于2个的连续曲目，所以用户被迫播放其队列中的下一首评分最高的歌曲。不幸的是，这也是来自同一专辑的Aerosmith演唱的歌曲(“No More No More”)。因此，许可施行算法20跳过歌曲“No More No More”并且播放下一首评分最高的歌曲，其是MilesDavis演唱的“So What”。由于这也是远程曲目并且必须被流播，所以这将打破来自同一专辑的Aerosmith演唱的歌曲的连续流播。在“So What”被流播后，如表4中所示最近播放专辑表被更新。注意到，该表已被更新来示出增加的“Kind of Blue”专辑。
| 专辑输入的时间 | 播放歌曲的时间 | 连续时间 | 专辑 | 曲目计数 | 连续计数 |
| 下午1:02:16 | 下午1:07:23 | 下午1:07:23 | Toys inthe Attic | 2 | 1 |
| 下午1:12:43 | 下午1:07:23 | 0:00:0 | Kind ofBlue | 1 | 1 |
表4
同样注意到，由于用户已从不同的专辑流播了曲目，所以用于“Toys in theAttic”专辑的连续计数已被递减。但是用于该专辑的连续时间仍然包含值。这两条信息共同地指示在3小时窗口中已从该专辑连续流播了两首歌曲，但是它们不是最近被流播的，因此用户可以继续从该专辑流播歌曲直到遇到曲目计数限制。继续该示例，在用户的队列中的下一首评分最高的歌曲仍然是Aerosmith演唱的歌曲(“Round and Round”)。由于已流播了来自不同专辑的歌曲，所以用户能够流播该歌曲。在播放该歌曲后，在表中播放最后歌曲的时间以及曲目计数被更新(见表5)。
| 专辑输入的时间 | 播放歌曲的时间 | 连续时间 | 专辑 | 曲目计数 | 连续计数 |
| 下午1:02:16 | 下午1:18:23 | 下午1:07:23 | Toys inthe Attic | 3 | 1 |
| 下午1:12:43 | 下午1:12:43 | 0:00:0 | Kind ofBlue | 1 | 1 |
表5
在用户的队列中的下一首评分最高的歌曲是Aerosmith演唱的(“No MoreNo More”)。然而，由于用户现在在给定的3小时内已从同一专辑流播了3首曲目，所以用户在返回到队列中的该歌曲之前将必须等待直到3小时窗口满期。随着用户接近其收听会话的最初3小时的末端，最近播放专辑表中的时间被洗掉(shuffled out)，使得逐渐消除对来自“Toys in the Attic”的歌曲的限制并且最终从最近播放专辑表移除该专辑。
公开了用于基于实时媒体推荐网络填充媒体服务的内容库的方法和系统。根据示出的实施例描述了本发明，并且本领域的普通技术人员将容易认识到，可以存在对实施例的变更，所述变更在本发明的精神和范围内。例如，本发明可以使用硬件、软件、包含程序指令的计算机可读介质或者其组合来实现。根据本发明编写的软件被存储在诸如存储器或CD-ROM的某种形式的计算机可读介质中，或者被通过网络传送，以及由处理器执行。因此，计算机可读介质意在包括可以例如通过网络传送的计算机可读信号。因此，在不背离权利要求的精神和范围的情况下本领域的普通技术人员可以进行许多修改。
Claims (32)
1.一种计算机实现的方法，用于基于包括多个同等设备的实时媒体推荐网络填充媒体服务的内容库，该方法包括：
由服务器从所述多个同等设备中的一个接收对意欲给接收者的媒体项的推荐；确定所述媒体项是否存在于所述内容库中；
响应于确定所述媒体项不存在于所述内容库中，请求所述一个同等设备上载所述媒体项；以及
响应于所述媒体项被上载，将所述媒体项存储在所述内容库中。
2.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，进一步包括，响应于所述媒体项被本地存储在所述接收者的同等设备上，在所述接收者的同等设备上本地播放所述媒体项。
3.如权利要求2所述的计算机实现的方法，其中在所述同等设备上本地播放所述媒体项不受用于所述因特网电台服务的因特网电台版税计算的强制许可所覆盖。
4.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，进一步包括，响应于所述媒体项未被本地存储在所述接收者的同等设备上，将所述媒体项流播到所述接收者的同等设备。
5.如权利要求4所述的计算机实现的方法，进一步包括，为了版税支付的目的记录所述流播的执行。
6.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，其中所述多个同等设备中的至少一部分将推荐发送到所述服务器用于转发给所述多个同等设备中的其它同等设备。
7.如权利要求6所述的计算机实现的方法，进一步包括，将所述推荐从所述服务器转发到所述接收者的同等设备。
8.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，其中所述多个同等设备中的至少一部分绕过所述服务器相互直接发送推荐，并且在接收同等设备从发送同等设备接收所述推荐中的一个后，所述接收同等设备将所接收的推荐转发给所述服务器。
9.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，进一步其中由所述一个同等设备发送的所述推荐包括所述媒体项的GUID，并且如果所述GUID是未知的，则所述推荐包括所述媒体项的声学指纹。
10.如权利要求9所述的计算机实现的方法，进一步包括将所述声学指纹从所述服务器发送到元数据服务以检索识别所述媒体项的元数据。
11.如权利要求10所述的计算机实现的方法进一步包括，如果所述媒体项未通过所述识别，则将所述媒体项移入单独的保持区域用于人工干预，并且向发送所述推荐的所述一个同等设备的用户通知推荐失败。
12.如权利要求10所述的计算机实现的方法，其中所述流播进一步包括如果所述媒体项未通过所述识别，则将所述媒体项的预览流播到所述接收者的同等设备并且让所述接收者确认是否应当流播所述媒体项。
13.如权利要求1所述的计算机实现的方法，进一步包括使用识别所述媒体项的元数据来执行对所述媒体项的许可验证。
14.如权利要求13所述的计算机实现的方法，进一步包括如果所述媒体项未通过所述许可验证，则将所述媒体项移入单独的保持区域用于人工干预，并且向发送所述推荐的所述一个同等设备的用户通知推荐失败。
15.如权利要求2所述的计算机实现的方法，其中所述多个同等设备中的至少一部分中的每一个基于从所述多个同等设备中的所述其它同等设备接收的多个推荐和用户偏好从多个媒体项中自动选择用于播放的下一个媒体项，并且其中所述多个同等设备中的所述至少一部分中的所述每一个自动检查对用于因特网电台的强制许可限制的遵从。
16.如权利要求15所述的计算机实现的方法，其中所述多个媒体项包括歌曲，并且其中所述多个同等设备中的所述至少一部分中的所述每一个包括追踪与被流播到所述相应的同等设备的所述歌曲中的每一个有关的曲目特定信息的许可施行算法，其中所述许可施行算法追踪：
来自专辑的所述歌曲中的一个被流播到所述相应的同等设备的最初时间；
来自所述专辑的最新歌曲被流播的时间；
来自所述专辑的最后连续歌曲被流播的时间；
已被流播的来自同一专辑的歌曲的计数；以及
已被连续流播的来自所述同一专辑的所述歌曲的计数。
17.一种系统，包括：
实时媒体推荐网络，包括多个同等设备；以及
媒体服务，与所述多个设备通信的所述媒体服务包括服务器和内容库；其中所述服务器能用于：
从所述多个同等设备中的一个接收对意欲给接收者的媒体项的推荐；
确定所述媒体项是否存在于所述内容库中；
响应于确定所述媒体项不存在于所述内容库中，请求所述一个同等设备上载所述媒体项；以及
响应于所述媒体项被上载，将所述媒体项存储在所述内容库中，从而填充所述内容库。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中响应于所述媒体项被本地存储在所述接收者的同等设备上，在所述接收者的同等设备上本地播放所述媒体项。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统，其中在所述同等设备上本地播放所述媒体项不受用于所述因特网电台服务的因特网电台版税计算的强制许可所覆盖。
20.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中响应于所述媒体项未被本地存储在所述接收者的同等设备上，将所述媒体项流播到所述接收者的同等设备。
21.如权利要求20所述的系统，其中为了版税支付的目的记录所述流播的执行。
22.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述多个同等设备中的至少一部分将推荐发送到所述服务器用于转发给所述多个同等设备中的其它同等设备。
23.如权利要求22所述的系统，其中所述服务器将所述推荐转发到所述接收者的同等设备。
24.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述多个同等设备中的至少一部分绕过所述服务器相互直接发送推荐，并且在接收同等设备从发送同等设备接收所述推荐中的一个后，所述接收同等设备将所接收的推荐转发给所述服务器。
25.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述一个同等设备发送的所述推荐包括所述媒体项的GUID，并且如果所述GUID是未知的，则所述推荐包括所述媒体项的声学指纹。
26.如权利要求25所述的系统，其中所述服务器将所述声学指纹发送到元数据服务以检索识别所述媒体项的元数据。
27.如权利要求26所述的系统，其中如果所述媒体项未通过所述识别，则所述服务器将所述媒体项移入单独的保持区域用于人工干预，并且向发送所述推荐的所述一个同等设备的用户通知推荐失败。
28.如权利要求26所述的系统，其中如果所述媒体项未通过所述识别，则所述服务器将所述媒体项的预览流播到所述接收者的同等设备并且使得所述接收者可以确认是否应当流播所述媒体项。
29.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中元数据被用来识别所述媒体项以执行对所述媒体项的许可验证。
30.如权利要求29所述的系统，其中如果所述媒体项未通过所述许可验证，则所述服务器将所述媒体项移入单独的保持区域用于人工干预，并且向发送所述推荐的所述一个同等设备的用户通知推荐失败。
31.如权利要求18所述的系统，其中所述多个同等设备中的至少一部分中的每一个基于从所述多个同等设备中的所述其它同等设备接收的多个推荐和用户偏好从多个媒体项中自动选择用于播放的下一个媒体项，并且其中所述多个同等设备中的所述至少一部分中的所述每一个自动检查对用于因特网电台的强制许可限制的遵从。
32.如权利要求31所述的系统，其中所述多个媒体项包括歌曲，并且其中所述多个同等设备中的所述至少部分中的所述每一个包括追踪与被流播到所述相应的同等设备的所述歌曲中的每一个有关的曲目特定信息的许可施行算法，其中所述许可施行算法追踪：
来自专辑的所述歌曲中的一个被流播到所述相应的同等设备的最初时间；
来自所述专辑的最新歌曲被流播的时间；
来自所述专辑的最后连续歌曲被流播的时间；
已被流播的来自同一专辑的歌曲的计数；以及
已被连续流播的来自所述同一专辑的所述歌曲的计数。
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| US20130218970A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
| US20090164514A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
| US8396951B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
| US9071662B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
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