CN101463775B - Stirling reversible heat engine - Google Patents

Stirling reversible heat engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101463775B
CN101463775B CN2007100509492A CN200710050949A CN101463775B CN 101463775 B CN101463775 B CN 101463775B CN 2007100509492 A CN2007100509492 A CN 2007100509492A CN 200710050949 A CN200710050949 A CN 200710050949A CN 101463775 B CN101463775 B CN 101463775B
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heat
heat exchanger
cylinder
confined space
helical
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CN101463775A (en
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孔令斌
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Abstract

The invention provides a reversible Stirling engine, which comprises a heat inflow end, a heat outflow end and an engine body as a support device; wherein, the heat inflow end and the heat outflow end are separately fixed on two ends of the engine body; the heat inflow end comprises a heat-exchanging chamber and a cylinder while the heat outflow end comprises a heat-exchanging chamber, a cylinder, a turbine, an electric motor and a metal conducting rod; a piston assembly and a heat engine rotor are arranged in the engine body; a regenerator is arranged between the cylinders, including two-level airtight space; a working substance equalizer is arranged between the two-level airtight space; a residual heat exchanger is arranged between the heat inflow end and the heat outflow end. The reversible Stirling engine has the advantages that the problem of converting dynamic seal into static seal is solved, the operation is smooth, the heat is fully utilized, the operational state is free from the effects of the altitude, and complete combustion is achieved. In addition, the reversible Stirling engine has the advantages of little pollution discharge, small volume, light weight and wide application.

Description

Stirling reversible heat engine
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to the hot machine of a kind of Stirling, be specially a kind of Stirling reversible heat engine.
Background technique
As far back as 1816, Dutchman R.. Stirling just proposed the Stirling circulation, for the birth of the hot machine of Stirling provides theoretical foundation.The hot machine of Stirling is the pattern appearance with Stirling engine at first.After several years, sterlin refrigerator also is developed success.But stirling heat pump does not have technological break-through so far.
The world today, Sweden Kockums company occupies first place in the Stirling engine technical field; England Oxford type sterlin refrigerator is represented the world level of sterlin refrigerator; The stirling heat pump technology is still blank.The exploitation of high efficiency stirling heat pump does not cause enough attention of countries in the world.Though Chinese Government's example in " national technology prospective study " is gone into the heat pump techniques project, its starting point is also just developed latent heat formula heat pump.High efficiency, the stirling heat pump technology best substitute technology of latent heat formula heat pump just cheaply.
The structure of modern Stirling engine and sterlin refrigerator is different fully, and all can not be by deciding [thermodynamic antikinesis.That is to say that the both is an irreversible heat engine! And structure is all quite complicated, makes difficulty, and cost is higher.Therefore, Stirling engine and sterlin refrigerator all are mainly used in special dimensions such as submarine, Aero-Space, weapon control system.In recent years, the Stirling engine research that is used for solar energy and biomass utilization is subjected to extensive concern.
Untapped stirling heat pump has the thermal effect that is several times as much as resistance heating, is best in the future energy-conserving and environment-protective technology.The high temperature heating performance that stirling heat pump is superior can be transported to high temperature heat source easily with the heat of normal temperature thermal source.In industry and daily life, promote the use of stirling heat pump, not only energy-conservation but also safety.For example, stirling heat pump is used for boiled water pot, meal pot, soup pot etc., will expedite the emergence of kitchen tools of new generation.
The heat of same stirling heat pump flows into end and makes the refrigerator low-temperature receiver, and the heat outflow end is made the thermal source of kitchen tools such as boiled water pot, meal pot, soup pot, has just become the household electric appliance of a cold and hot comprehensive utilization.
So, the use value of stirling heat pump and not second to Stirling engine and sterlin refrigerator.
The heat of Stirling engine flows into end temperature cylinder height, the spontaneous heat outflow end that flows to of heat, drive motor generating; It is low that the heat of sterlin refrigerator and heat pump flows into the end temperature cylinder, and heat flow needs motor driving to the heat outflow end.
Over nearly 200 years, the development of Stirling engine and sterlin refrigerator is two diverse technology paths, but exists two identical big obstacles: the one, and complex structure, the 2nd, sealing difficulty.
1992, the disclosed Stirling engine agent structure of Chinese invention patent " a kind of Stirling engine " CN92108023.9 was simple, space utilization is abundant, and the technical thought of eliminating this obstacle of complex structure is provided.Still not providing can be for the concrete technical measures of implementing.
2006, corresponding mathematical model set up in " research of novel Stirling engine design theory " literary composition that deliver the online website of Chinese science and technology paper, set forth the Stirling engine design principle of said structure.
But the sealing problem of the hot machine of Stirling, each active chamber work equilibrium problem, working medium perfusion problem, cylinder heat transfer problem, waste gas residual heat recovery problem etc. are not resolved.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the serial problem that the hot machine development of Stirling faces.Provide a kind of simple in structure, sealing is reliable, easy to use, operate steadily, energy-conserving and environment-protective, the cheap hot machine of Stirling.
To achieve these goals, the solution of the present invention is: its structure comprises that a heat flows into end, heat outflow end and as the body of support device, lubricating oil tank, described heat flows into end and the heat outflow end is separately fixed at the body two ends, heat flows into end and comprises heat exchange chamber, cylinder, cylinder places in the heat exchange chamber, the heat outflow end comprises heat exchanger, cylinder, turbine, motor, metal conductive bar, cylinder places in the heat exchanger, corresponding with heat inflow end cylinder, arrange piston set in the body, hot machine rotor, regenerator is arranged between the cylinder, hot machine rotor is installed in central authorities in the body by bearings at both ends, and turbine is installed in the middle of the heat exchanger and is fixed on the hot machine rotor, and motor is fixed on the heat exchanger end, machine shaft links to each other with hot machine rotor, motor output end connects metal conductive bar, and described piston set comprises the piston at piston rod and two ends, in the piston difference insertion position corresponding cylinder at piston rod two ends, that cylinder is airtight; Comprise that the end by regenerator is communicated with the cylinder that heat flows into end by connecting tube, the other end is by connecting tube heat outflow end cylinder connection the constitute first order confined space corresponding with the adjacent pistons group; Comprise by the body inner chamber beyond the first order confined space, heat exchanger inner chamber, motor cavity, lubricating oil tank inner chamber being communicated with the second level confined space that is constituted, the working medium equalizer is set between the two-stage confined space; Between heat inflow end and heat outflow end, residual-heat exchanger is set.
Described first order confined space has four at least, is symmetrically distributed in around the hot machine rotor.
The piston rod of described piston set is provided with guide pad, and the shape of the guiding groove on guide pad shape and the body matches, and two cone-shaped rollers are installed on the guide pad side by side.
In the confined space of the second level, there is the conical surface swash plate of protrusion at the middle part of hot machine rotor, this conical surface swash plate edge embeds between the two centrum shape rollers of guide pad on the piston rod, on the hot machine rotor bearings at both ends thrust bearing pressing plate is set and thrust bearing spacing, the heat exchange chamber outer end has a firing chamber by covering palte seal on the cover plate top, and the firing chamber communicates with heat exchange chamber, heat exchanger is sealed by outer cover, on the heat exchanger outer cover inlet hole is set.
Helical air heat dissipation channel is arranged between the outer wall of described heat exchanger and the heat exchanger outer cover.
Cylinder outer wall is provided with the helical heat exchanger channels.
At the heat outflow end, assembling one stopping between cylinder outer wall and the heat exchanger inwall, helical working medium heat exchanger channels is arranged between stopping and heat exchanger inwall, the exhaust outlet of helical working medium heat exchanger channels is communicated with the helical heat exchanger channels intake grill of cylinder outer wall through turbine, the intake grill of helical working medium heat exchanger channels is communicated with the exhaust outlet of the helical heat exchanger channels of cylinder outer wall, forms the loop.
Described working medium equalizer constitutes by controlling working medium flow direction opposite one-way valve and safety valve and connecting, be installed on regenerator and the connecting tube that cylinder is communicated with, the one-way valve opening direction be by second level confined space to first order confined space, the safety valve opening direction is to second level confined space by first order confined space.
Described residual-heat exchanger is the countercurrent flow type, there are the tube core of straight passage and the helical channel of tube core outer wall in its inside, the suction port of tube core connects the air outlet of heat exchanger outer cover, the tube core air outlet connects air inlet of combustion chamber, one end of the helical channel of tube core outer wall communicates with the cylinder outer wall helical heat exchanger channels that heat flows into end, and the other end is that Waste gas outlet communicates with atmosphere.
Described regenerator is that two ends respectively have a connected pore channel, and inwall is lined with heat insulation layer, is made of heat-accumulating material in the heat insulation layer.
Rotor is connected by a cyclic spring coupling with hot machine rotor.
The outer surface cone angle of the cone-shaped roller on the piston rod guide pad is greater than the inwall cone angle.
Lubricating oil tank is installed on the bearing support of organism bottom, goes into tap hole by flow of lubricant and communicates with second level confined space.
The invention has the advantages that: the one, adopt the two-stage sealing technique, solved the problem that motive sealing is converted into static seal.The 2nd, be provided with the working medium in the working medium equalizer automatic equalization two-stage confined space, thereby guarantee that the hot machine of this Stirling operates steadily.The 3rd, the residual-heat exchanger of employing spiral countercurrent flow type, distribute and reclaim heat to greatest extent by temperature gradient, so Btu utilization is abundant, operation conditions is not influenced by altitude, and burning fully, and blowdown is low, volume is little, in light weight, purposes is wide, can be used for Stirling engine, sterlin refrigerator, stirling heat pump etc.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an A-A sectional structure schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that heat of the present invention flows out end office's bilge construction schematic representation.
Among the figure: 1, the working medium fill orifice, 2, the fuel entry port, 3, the spark plug jack, 4, lubricant oil enters the hole, and 5, lubricating oil tank, 6, lubricant oil portals, 7, Waste gas outlet, 8, metal conductive bar, 9, the air entry port, 10, regenerator, 11, the waste gas residual heat exchanger, 12, body, 13, heat flows into end end cap, 14, the heat exchange chamber base plate, 15, heat flows into the end cylinder, 16, the heat exchange chamber cover plate, 17, connecting tube, 18, the firing chamber, 19, heat exchange chamber, 20, the thrust bearing shaft pressuring plate, 21, thrust bearing, 22, bearing, 23, the taper swash plate, 24, hot machine rotor, 25, the heat exchanger outer cover, 26, heat exchanger, 27, stopping, 28, piston, 29, turbine, 30, motor, 31, heat outflow end cylinder, 32, the taper roller, 33, guide pad, 34, the working medium equalizer.
As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, heat flows into end and the heat outflow end is separately fixed at body 12 two ends, being flowed into by heat respectively holds the two ends of end cap 13 and heat exchanger 26 and body 12 fastening, heat flows into end and comprises heat exchange chamber 19, cylinder 15, cylinder 15 places in the heat exchange chamber 19, be fixed on the base plate 14 of heat exchange chamber 19, the heat outflow end comprises heat exchanger 26, cylinder 31, turbine 29, motor 30, metal conductive bar 8, cylinder 31 places in the heat exchanger 26, corresponding with heat inflow end cylinder 15, arrange piston set in the body 12, hot machine rotor 24, regenerator 10 is arranged between cylinder 15 and the cylinder 31, hot machine rotor 24 is installed in central authorities in the body 12 by bearings at both ends 22, turbine 29 is installed in the middle of the heat exchanger 26 and is fixed on the hot machine rotor 24, motor 30 is fixed on heat exchanger 26 ends, and motor 30 rotating shafts are connected by a cyclic spring coupling with hot machine rotor 24, and motor 30 output terminals connect metal conductive bar 8.Piston set comprises the piston 28 at piston rod and two ends, and is in the piston 28 difference insertion position corresponding cylinder 15 and cylinder 31 at piston rod two ends, that cylinder 15,31 is airtight.In order to improve sealability of the present invention, be provided with the two-stage confined space in the present invention, first order confined space is communicated with the cylinder 15 that heat flows into end by connecting tube 17 by an end of regenerator 10, the other end constitutes by connecting tube 17 heat outflow end cylinder 31 connections corresponding with the adjacent pistons group, referring to Fig. 3, first order confined space has four at least, is symmetrically distributed in around the hot machine rotor 24; Second level confined space is communicated with institute by body 12 inner chambers beyond the first order confined space, heat exchanger 26 inner chambers, motor 30 inner chambers, lubricating oil tank 5 inner chambers and constitutes, lubricating oil tank 5 is installed on the bearing support of body 12 bottoms, enters hole 4 by lubricant oil and portals and 6 communicate with second level confined space.Working medium equalizer 34 is set, referring to Fig. 3 between the two-stage confined space; Between heat inflow end and heat outflow end, waste gas residual heat exchanger 11 is set.
In concrete enforcement of the present invention:
Assembling guide pad 33 on the piston rod of piston set, the shape of the guiding groove on guide pad 33 shapes and the body 12 matches, two cone-shaped rollers 32 are installed on the guide pad 33 side by side, steady for what move, the outer surface cone angle of cone-shaped roller 32 is greater than the inwall cone angle in being provided with, promptly from the near more part of piston rod, its wall is thick more.There is the conical surface swash plate 23 of protrusion at the middle part of hot machine rotor 24, conical surface swash plate 23 edges embed between the two centrum shape rollers 32 of guide pad 33 on the piston rod, hot machine rotor 24 is spacing by the thrust bearing pressing plate 20 and the thrust bearing 21 at two ends, heat exchange chamber 19 outer ends are by cover plate 16 sealings, fix a firing chamber 18 on cover plate 16 tops, firing chamber 18 communicates with heat exchange chamber 19, heat exchanger 26 is by 25 sealings of heat exchanger outer cover, inlet hole 9 is set on heat exchanger outer cover 25, a working medium fill orifice 1 is set on body 12 shells.
Being provided with of hot switching path that heat of the present invention flows into end and heat outflow end can be like this:
As shown in Figure 2, be provided with helical air heat dissipation channel at the outer wall of heat exchanger 26 and 25 of heat exchanger outer cover.The outer wall of cylinder 15 and cylinder 31 is provided with the helical heat exchanger channels.At the heat outflow end, assembling one stopping 27 between cylinder 31 outer walls and heat exchanger 26 inwalls, between stopping 27 and heat exchanger 26 inwalls, helical working medium heat exchanger channels is arranged, the exhaust outlet of this helical working medium heat exchanger channels is communicated with the helical heat exchanger channels intake grill of cylinder 31 outer walls through turbine 29, the intake grill of this helical working medium heat exchanger channels is communicated with the helical heat exchanger channels exhaust outlet of cylinder 31 outer walls, forms the loop.
As shown in Figure 3, working medium equalizer 34 constitutes by controlling working medium flow direction opposite one-way valve and safety valve and connecting, be installed on regenerator 10 and the connecting tube 17 that cylinder 31 is communicated with, the one-way valve opening direction be by second level confined space to first order confined space, the safety valve opening direction is to second level confined space by first order confined space.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, waste gas residual heat exchanger 11 is the countercurrent flow type, there are the tube core of straight passage and the helical channel of tube core outer wall in its inside, the suction port of tube core connects the air outlet of heat exchanger outer cover 25, the tube core air outlet connects air inlet of combustion chamber, one end of the helical channel of tube core outer wall communicates with the cylinder outer wall helical heat exchanger channels that heat flows into end, and the other end is that Waste gas outlet 7 communicates with atmosphere.
Working procedure of the present invention is:
During as motor, at first charge into or additional helium, reach authorized pressure, disconnect the switch of generator output current again through working medium fill orifice 1, the starting air pump, air enters firing chamber 18 through air entry port 9, heat exchanger 26 outer walls, waste gas residual heat exchanger 11, at this moment, and the plug ignition in the spark plug jack 3 of firing chamber 18, starting motor, when motor reaches nominal situation, turn off motor, closed generator contactor.In this process, the hot air flow of firing chamber 18 flows into end cylinder 15 wall internal channels, helium in the heating cylinder through heat exchange chamber 19, heat.Helium in the first order confined space is pressed the Stirling circulation, flows between end cylinder 15, regenerator 10, the heat outflow end cylinder 31 at heat and flows back and forth, drives hot machine rotor 24 and rotates, and emit heat at the heat outflow end.This part heat is driven by turbine 29 again, and the circulation helium flow that is based upon in the stopping 27 takes heat exchanger 26 inwalls to, and the air stream of heat exchanger 26 outer walls and the helium flow countercurrent flow of inwall are taken back firing chamber 18 again with this part heat.In running, the pressure of second level confined space is the control benchmark of first order confined space working pressure.When first order confined space hypotony, the working medium in the secondary seal space flows into through the one-way valve of working medium equalizer 34, and when first order confined space overpressure, then working medium flows into the secondary seal chamber through the safety valve of working medium equalizer 34.Each confined space operating mode equilibrium, the outputting power fluctuation is little.Actuating motor can be finished the balanced additional mission of working medium at short notice.

Claims (13)

1. Stirling reversible heat engine, comprise that a heat flows into end, heat outflow end and as the body of support device, lubricating oil tank, it is characterized in that: heat flows into end and the heat outflow end is separately fixed at the body two ends, heat flows into end and comprises heat exchange chamber, cylinder, cylinder places in the heat exchange chamber, the heat outflow end comprises heat exchanger, cylinder, turbine, motor, metal conductive bar, cylinder places in the heat exchanger, corresponding with heat inflow end cylinder, arrange piston set in the body, hot machine rotor, regenerator is arranged between the cylinder, hot machine rotor is installed in central authorities in the body by bearings at both ends, and turbine is installed in the middle of the heat exchanger and is fixed on the hot machine rotor, and motor is fixed on the heat exchanger end, machine shaft links to each other with hot machine rotor, motor output end connects metal conductive bar, and described piston set comprises the piston at piston rod and two ends, in the piston difference insertion position corresponding cylinder at piston rod two ends, that cylinder is airtight; Comprise that the end by regenerator is communicated with the cylinder that heat flows into end by connecting tube, the other end is by connecting tube heat outflow end cylinder connection the constitute first order confined space corresponding with the adjacent pistons group; Comprise by the body inner chamber beyond the first order confined space, heat exchanger inner chamber, motor cavity, lubricating oil tank inner chamber being communicated with the second level confined space that is constituted, the working medium equalizer is set between the two-stage confined space; Between heat inflow end and heat outflow end, residual-heat exchanger is set.
2. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described first order confined space has four at least, is symmetrically distributed in around the hot machine rotor.
3. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the piston rod of described piston set is provided with guide pad, and the shape of the guiding groove on guide pad shape and the body matches, and two cone-shaped rollers are installed on the guide pad side by side.
4. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the confined space of the second level, there is the conical surface swash plate of protrusion at the middle part of hot machine rotor, this conical surface swash plate edge embeds between the two cone-shaped rollers of guide pad on the piston rod, hot machine rotor two ends the thrust bearing pressing plate is set and thrust bearing spacing, the heat exchange chamber outer end is by covering palte seal, on the cover plate top one firing chamber is arranged, the firing chamber communicates with heat exchange chamber, heat exchanger is provided with inlet hole by the sealing of heat exchanger outer cover on the heat exchanger outer cover.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described Stirling reversible heat engines, it is characterized in that: helical air heat dissipation channel is arranged between the outer wall of described heat exchanger and the heat exchanger outer cover.
6. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cylinder outer wall is provided with the helical heat exchanger channels.
7. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: at the heat outflow end, assembling one stopping between cylinder outer wall and the heat exchanger inwall, helical working medium heat exchanger channels is arranged between stopping and heat exchanger inwall, the exhaust outlet of this helical working medium heat exchanger channels is communicated with the helical heat exchanger channels intake grill of cylinder outer wall through turbine, the intake grill of this helical working medium heat exchanger channels is communicated with the helical heat exchanger channels exhaust outlet of cylinder outer wall, forms the loop.
8. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described working medium equalizer constitutes by controlling working medium flow direction opposite one-way valve and safety valve and connecting, be installed on regenerator and the connecting tube that cylinder is communicated with, the one-way valve opening direction be by second level confined space to first order confined space, the safety valve opening direction is to second level confined space by first order confined space.
9. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described residual-heat exchanger is the countercurrent flow type, there are the tube core of straight passage and the helical channel of tube core outer wall in its inside, the suction port of tube core connects the air outlet of heat exchanger outer cover, the tube core air outlet connects air inlet of combustion chamber, one end of the helical channel of tube core outer wall communicates with the cylinder outer wall helical heat exchanger channels that heat flows into end, and the other end is that Waste gas outlet communicates with atmosphere.
10. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described regenerator is that two ends respectively have a connected pore channel, and inwall is lined with heat insulation layer, is made of heat-accumulating material in the heat insulation layer.
11. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: rotor is connected by a cyclic spring coupling with hot machine rotor.
12. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the outer surface cone angle of the cone-shaped roller on the piston rod guide pad is greater than the inwall cone angle.
13. Stirling reversible heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: lubricating oil tank is installed on the bearing support of organism bottom, goes into tap hole by flow of lubricant and communicates with second level confined space.
CN2007100509492A 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Stirling reversible heat engine Expired - Fee Related CN101463775B (en)

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CN101463775B true CN101463775B (en) 2011-06-15

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CN102162410A (en) * 2011-01-05 2011-08-24 孔令斌 Counter current heat-exchange type heat regenerator
CN102080606A (en) * 2011-01-31 2011-06-01 孔令斌 Stirling thermal engine operating condition controller
CN102562358A (en) * 2012-01-02 2012-07-11 孔令斌 Stirling heat engine radiator
CN103047874A (en) * 2013-01-10 2013-04-17 四川中科玻璃有限公司 Heat recovery device of Stirling heat pump
CN103231661A (en) * 2013-04-17 2013-08-07 孔令斌 Electric vehicle driven by Stirling engine
CN103306920B (en) * 2013-06-26 2015-08-19 孔令斌 A kind of heat-storage solar energy stirling generator
CN103307799B (en) * 2013-07-07 2015-03-18 孔令斌 Multistage Stirling refrigerating machine
CN103388972A (en) * 2013-07-17 2013-11-13 孔令斌 Dryer with Stirling heat pump
CN103693605B (en) 2013-12-23 2016-04-20 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 A kind of frame glue filling device
CN104791129B (en) * 2014-01-17 2016-03-23 上海冠图防雷科技有限公司 A kind of boats and ships Waste Heat Reuse Π type stirling generator system
CN105508076B (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-03-29 江苏源之翼电气有限公司 Built-in regenerator moves the thermomotor of gas piston

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CN1217765A (en) * 1996-03-29 1999-05-26 Sipra专利发展合作股份有限公司 Stirling engine
CN1441875A (en) * 2000-05-29 2003-09-10 卡尔·科克西塞克 Stirling engine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN86103752A (en) * 1985-04-25 1987-04-08 三电有限公司 Stirling cylic engine
CN1217765A (en) * 1996-03-29 1999-05-26 Sipra专利发展合作股份有限公司 Stirling engine
CN1441875A (en) * 2000-05-29 2003-09-10 卡尔·科克西塞克 Stirling engine
US6729131B2 (en) * 2000-05-29 2004-05-04 Karl Kocsisek Stirling engine

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