CN101451610B - 混合动力系中离合器滑转事件的纠正及恢复方法与设备 - Google Patents

混合动力系中离合器滑转事件的纠正及恢复方法与设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101451610B
CN101451610B CN2008102098742A CN200810209874A CN101451610B CN 101451610 B CN101451610 B CN 101451610B CN 2008102098742 A CN2008102098742 A CN 2008102098742A CN 200810209874 A CN200810209874 A CN 200810209874A CN 101451610 B CN101451610 B CN 101451610B
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clutch
motor
speed
allowable torque
trackslipping
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CN101451610A (zh
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A·H·希普
L·A·卡明斯基
J·-J·F·萨
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/102Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Abstract

混合动力系中离合器滑转事件的纠正及恢复方法与设备。用于操纵包括机械可操作地与内燃机和电机连接的电-机械变速器的动力系的方法包括:监测在变速器内可选择地应用的离合器上的滑转来指示离合器滑转事件,如果监测指示离合器滑转事件,则通过降低发动机和电机的扭矩中的至少一个来减小可选择应用的离合器上的负载以降低滑转,从而结束离合器滑转事件。

Description

混合动力系中离合器滑转事件的纠正及恢复方法与设备
相关申请的参见
本申请要求于2007年10月25日提出的序列号为60/982458的美国临时申请的受益权,在此以参见方式引入其内容。
技术领域
本发明涉及电-机械变速器的控制系统。
背景技术
本部分的声明仅仅为本发明提供背景信息,可能并不构成在先技术。
常见的动力系结构包括扭矩产生装置,包括内燃机与电机,其将扭矩通过变速装置传递到输出部件。一个示例性的动力系包括一个双模,复合分流的,电-机械变速器,其利用一个输入部件接收来自主动力源的原动扭矩,该主动力源优选为内燃机,还包括一个输出部件。该输出部件能够可操作的与用于将驱动扭矩传递到那里的机动车辆的动力系连接。电机,作为马达或发电机运行,产生到变速器的输入扭矩,独立于来自内燃机的输入扭矩。电机可以将通过车辆动力系传递的车辆动能,转化为在电能存储装置中可存储的电能。控制系统监测来自车辆与操作者的各种输入,并提供动力系的操纵控制,包括控制变速器工作状态和挡位切换,控制扭矩产生装置,以及调节电能存储装置和电机中的电力交换,从而管理变速器的输出,包括扭矩与转速。
混合驱动车辆内的上述装置的工作需要对许多扭矩承载轴或与上述发动机、电机和动力系替代连接的装置的管理。在混合驱动系统各种前述的部件之间的各种控制算法和操纵连接都为人所知,为了执行混合驱动系统的功能,控制系统必须能够接合以及分离不同的部件。众所周知,通过使用具有离合器的变速器,接合与分离的功能被实现。离合器是本领域公知用于接合和分离轴系的设备,包括转速和轴系之间扭矩差的管理。接合或锁紧,分离或解锁,当接合或锁紧同时的操作,以及当分离或解锁操作同时的操作对车辆而言为了正确和平稳的工作必须被管理的全部离合器工况。
对于涉及明显急停或车辆加速度急剧变化的车辆操作的推断被总的描述为操纵性能。明显急停影响操纵性能的一个根源是离合器接合表面之间的滑转,或相对转动。只要通过离合器传递的反应扭矩超过了外加夹紧力产生的实际扭矩能力,滑转就会产生。离合器能够被设计为在异步操作状态下,在具有某种可控滑转水平下工作,或离合器能够被设计为在同步操作状态下,在几乎不滑转或优选为无滑转状态下工作。本发明主要涉及用于同步操作设计的离合器。同步操作中的变速器滑转导致变速器内部非期望的失控以及对操纵性能的负作用。明显急停影响操纵性能的另一个根源来自扭矩产生装置的扭矩变化。来自发动机的输入扭矩与来自混合动力系的单电机或多电机的输入扭矩能被独立应用或联合应用以提供输出扭矩。然而,需要满足扭矩请求的全部输出扭矩的变化,例如,由于操作者踏板位置的变化或由于变速器工作档位状态切换,必须被平稳的处理。对控制尤其困难的是,对控制输入具有不同反应时间的输入扭矩被同时施加到变速器上。基于一个单控制输入,不同的装置能够在不同的时间分别改变输入扭矩,使通过变速器施加的总扭矩产生增加的急剧变化。通过变速器传递的各种扭矩的急剧和不协调的变化引起车辆不必要的加速度明显变化或急停,这能够对车辆的操纵性能产生负作用。
离合器在各种设计和控制算法中是公知的。一种公知类型的离合器是机械式离合器,其通过分离和接合两个接合面操作,例如,离合器盘片,当接合操作时以在彼此间施加摩擦扭矩。操纵这类机械式离合器的一种控制方法包括应用液压控制系统,其提供通过液压管路传递的液压力,从而在两个接合面之间施加或释放压紧力。通过这种方式操作,离合器不会以二元模式工作,而是具有一个大范围的接合状态的能力,从全分离以及非同步,到无压紧力作用的同步,到仅仅只有最小压紧力的接合,到某种最大压紧力的接合。离合器的这种传递反应扭矩的能力是施加到离合器上的压紧力的幅度的函数。离合器的这种可变控制允许在锁止和解锁状态之间平稳的切换,同时也允许在锁止变速器时控制滑转。
包括通过调节到变速器的输入扭矩来限制滑转事件的操纵动力系的方法将改善车辆的操纵性能。
发明内容
一种用于操纵动力系的方法,该动力系包括电-机械变速器,其机械可操作地与内燃机和电机连接,适于选择性地将机械动力传递到输出部件,该方法包括监测在变速器内可选择应用的离合器上的滑转以指示离合器滑转事件,如果监测指示离合器滑转事件,则通过降低发动机容许扭矩的幅度和电机的容许扭矩幅度中的至少一个来减小可选择应用的离合器上的负载以降低滑转,从而结束离合器滑转事件。
附图说明
通过参考相应附图以及结合例子,一个或多个实施例现在将被描述,其中:
图1是根据本发明示例性动力系的原理图;
图2是根据本发明控制系统及动力系的示例性结构的原理图;
图3图示了根据本发明的示例性混合动力系部件对于扭矩请求变化的反应时间;
图4是根据本发明示例性的滑转事件及相关扭矩表示的图形表示法;
图5是根据本发明应用滑转事件纠正方法的示例性程序的程序图;
具体实施方式
现在参考附图,其中所展示的仅仅是出于解释特定示例性实施例的目的,而不是出于对其限定的目的,图1和2描述了示例性的电-机械混合动力系。基于本发明的示例性电-机械混合动力系在图1中被描述,包括一个双模、复合分流、电-机械混合变速器10,其可操作的与发动机14以及第一与第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72连接。发动机14与第一及第二电机56和72分别产生传输到变速器10的动力。产生于发动机14及第一与第二电机56和72,同时被传输到变速器10的动力按照输入扭矩和速度被描述,其中输入扭矩相应表示为TI,TA和TB,速度相应表示为NI,NA和NB
示例性的发动机14包含一个多缸内燃机,其在若干状态可选择性地操作,通过输入轴12传递扭矩至变速器10,该发动机可能是火花点火式发动机或者压缩点火式发动机。所述发动机14包括一个可操作的与变速器10的输入轴12连接的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监测输入轴12的转速。包含转速和输出扭矩的来自发动机14的动力输出,可能由于在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上的扭矩消耗部件的布置而与到变速器10上的输入速度,NI,和输入扭矩TI不同,例如液压泵(未示出)和/或扭矩控制装置(未示出)。
示例性的变速器10包含三个行星齿轮系24,26和28,以及四个选择性的可啮合的扭矩传递装置,例如,离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75。作为其中所使用的,离合器指代任何类型的摩擦扭矩转换装置,例如包括单片或复合盘片离合器或多片离合器,带式离合器,以及制动器。优选为通过变速器控制模块(后文称为‘TCM’)17所控制的液压控制管路42实施以控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选的包含利用液压旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选的包含液压控制固定装置,其能够选择性地档接于(grounded to)变速器箱体68。离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75中的每一个都优选为应用液压型,经由液压控制管路42选择性的接收液压流体。
第一与第二电机56和72优选为包含三相AC交流电机,每个都包括一个定子(未示出)和一个转子(未示出),以及相应的旋转变压器80和82。每个电机的马达定子档接于变速器箱68的外部,包括一个具有从其中延伸的电子线圈绕组的定子铁心。第一电机56的转子支撑于毂衬齿上,所述毂衬齿可操作的经由第二行星齿轮系26与轴60连接。用于第二电机72的转子与套轴中心66固定连接。
旋转变压器80和82中的每个优选包含一个可变磁阻装置,其包括一个旋转变压器定子(未示出)和一个旋转变压器转子(未示出)。旋转变压器80和82分别合理定位以及安装在相应的第一和第二电机56和72其中之一上。旋转变压器80和82中之一的定子分别与第一和第二电机56和72的定子之一可操作的连接。旋转变压器的转子与相应的第一和第二电机56和72的转子相连接。旋转变压器80和82中的每一个都与变速器功率逆变控制模块(后文为‘TPIM’)19信号连接及可操作的连接,其中每个都检测和监测旋转变压器转子相对旋转变压器定子的转动位置,从而分别监测第一和第二电机56和72的转动位置。此外,来自旋转变压器80和82的信号输出被解译,用来提供第一和第二电机56和72的旋转速度,即,分别为NA和NB
变速器10包括一个输出部件64,例如,可操作的与车辆(未示出)动力系90连接的轴,以给车轮93提供输出动力,所述车轮之一在图1中示出。输出动力基于输出转速,NO和输出扭矩,TO来表示。变速器输出速度传感器84监测输出部件64的转速和旋转方向。每个车轮93,优选的安装适用于监测轮速VSS-WHL的传感器94,用来确定用于制动控制,牵引控制,和车辆加速度控制的车速,绝对和相对轮速,所述车速的输出被参考图2所示的分布式控制模块系统的一个控制模块所监测。
来自发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72(分别为TI,TA,和TB)的输入扭矩作为从燃油或存储在电能存储装置(后文为‘ESD’)74中的电能中能量转换的结果而产生。该ESD 74经由DC转换导线27与TPIM 19高压直流连接。转换导线27包括一个接触开关38。当接触开关38关闭时,在通常操作下,电流在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动。当接触开关38打开时,在ESD 74和TPIM19之间的电流流动被中断。TPIM 19通过转换导线29传递进入及流出第一电机56电力,以及TPIM 19相似地通过转换导线31传递进入及流出第二电机72的电力,用于响应第一和第二电机56和72的扭矩指令,从而获得输入扭矩TA和TB。根据ESD 74是充电还是放电,电流被传递到以及流出ESD 74。
TPIM 19包括一对功率逆变器(未示出)和相应的电机控制模块(未示出),其分别被配置用来接收扭矩指令和控制逆变器状态,从而提供电机驱动或再生功能,用来满足指令需求的电机扭矩TA和TB。功率逆变器包括公知的互补三相功率电子设备,以及每个逆变器包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),用于将来自ESD 74中的直流功率转换为交流功率,从而通过高频开关分别为第一和第二电机56和72提供功率。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成了配置为接收控制指令的开关模式功率供应装置。每个三相电机的每一相都具有示例性的一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态以提供电机驱动机械动力的产生或电力再生功能。三相逆变器经过DC转换导线27接收或提供直流电力,将其转换为三相交流功率或从三相交流功率中转换得到所述直流电力,所述交流功率传导至或从第一和第二电机56和72传导,分别经由转换导线29和31作为电机或发电机来工作。
图2是分布式控制模块系统的原理方块图。后文描述的部件包含全部车辆控制体系的子集,提供图1中描述的示例性动力系的等同系统控制。分布式控制模块系统综合相关信息和输入,执行算法来控制不同的致动器,实现控制目标,包括与涉及ESD 74的电池和第一和第二电机56和72的燃油经济性,排放,性能,操纵性,以及硬件保护相关的目标。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(后文为‘ECM’)23,TCM 17,电池堆控制模块(后文为‘BPCM’)21,以及TPIM 19。混合控制模块(后文为‘HCP’)5提供对ECM23,TCM 17,BPCM 21,以及TPIM 19的监管和调整控制。用户接口(‘UT’)13通过所述多个装置可操作的与多个装置连接,车辆操作者控制及引导电-机械混合动力系的工作。所述装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’),从该装置确定操作者扭矩请求,操作者制动踏板112(‘BP’),变速器换档装置114(‘PRNDL’),以及车速巡航控制装置(未示出)。变速器换档装置114可以具有离散数量的操作者可选档位,包括使输出部件64的转动方向为前进和后退方向之一。
前述的控制模块通过本地局域网(后文称为‘LAN’)总线6与其它控制模块,传感器和致动器进行通信。LAN总线6允许在不同控制模块之间的工作参数和致动器指令信号状态的结构化通信。所采用的特定的通信协议是面向应用的。LAN总线6和合适的协议设置用于在前述的控制模块,和其它提供例如防抱死制动,牵引控制,和车辆稳定性控制功能的控制模块之间提供稳定的消息传递和多控制模块接口。多路通信总线能够使用以提高通信速度和提供特定水平的信号冗余性和完整性。单个控制模块之间的通信也能通过使用直连装置被实现,例如,串行外围接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出)。
HCP 5提供动力系的监管控制,负责对ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM 19,以及BPCM 21进行调整操作。基于来自用户接口13和包括ESD 74的动力系的各种输入信号,HCP 5产生各种指令,包括:操作者扭矩请求(‘TO_REQ’),动力系90的指令输出扭矩(‘TCMD’),发动机输入扭矩指令,变速器10的扭矩转换离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75的离合器扭矩;以及分别用于第一和第二电机56和72的扭矩指令。TCM 17可操作的与液压控制管路42连接,提供各种功能,包括监测各种压力传感装置(未示出),产生和传输各种控制信号至不同的电磁线圈(未示出),从而控制压力开关以及包含在液压控制管路42内部的控制阀。
ECM 23可操作的与发动机14连接,通过多个离散线路实现获取传感器数据,控制发动机14致动器的功能,所述多个离散线路简化为图示的总的双向接口线缆35。 ECM 23接收来自HCP 5的发动机输入扭矩指令。ECM 23确定实际发动机输入扭矩,TI,其基于监测的发动机速度和负载的实时工作点提供给变速器10,其被通信传递到HCP 5。ECM 23监测转速传感器11的输入来确定到输入轴12的发动机输入速度,其被转换为变速器输入速度,NI。ECM 23监测传感器(未示出)的输入来确定其它发动机工作参数的状态,包括,例如进气歧管压力,发动机冷却液温度,环境空气温度,以及环境压力。发动机负载可被确定,例如,从进气歧管压力中,或替代性的,从监测的加速踏板113的操作者输入中确定。ECM 23产生和传输指令信号用来控制发动机致动器,例如,包括没有示出的燃油喷嘴,点火模块,以及节气门控制模块。
TCM 17可操作的与变速器10连接,监测传感器(未示出)的输入来确定变速器工作参数的状态。TCM 17产生和传输控制变速器10的指令信号,包括控制液压管路42。从TCM 17到HCP 5的输入包括对于每个离合器的离合器扭矩估计值,例如,C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75,以及输出部件64的输出转速,NO。其它致动器和传感器可能被使用以提供从TCM 17到HCP 5的附加信息用于控制目标。TCM 17监测来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,可选择的驱动压力控制线圈(未示出),切换液压管路42的线圈(未示出)来可选择的驱动不同的离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75,从而实现各种变速器工作档位状态,如下文所述。
BPCM 21与监测ESD 74的传感器(未示出)信号连接,包括电流与电压参数的状态,用于提供ESD 74到HCP 5的电池参数状态的指示信息。电池的参数状态优选为包括电池充电状态,电池电压,电池温度,以及可用的电池功率,参考范围PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX
控制模块ECM23,TCM 17,TPIM 19和BPCM21中的每个都优选为通用数字计算机,包含一个微处理器或中央处理器,包含只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存储器(‘RAM’),电可擦除只读存储器(EPROM)的存储介质,高速时钟,模拟-数字(‘A/D’)以及数字-模拟(‘D/A’)转换电路,以及输入/输出电路及装置(‘I/O’)以及合适的信号调节和缓冲电路。每个控制模块都具有一套控制算法,包含常驻的程序指令和标准,其存储在所述存储介质之一中,执行以提供每个计算机各自的功能。控制模块之间的信息转换优选为使用LAN总线6和SPI总线实现。控制算法在预设的闭循环中被执行,使得每个控制算法在每个闭循环中至少执行一次。存储在非易失性存储装置中的算法被中央处理器执行用来监测来自传感装置的输入以及执行控制和诊断程序,从而使用预设的标准控制致动器的工作。闭循环在规则间隔中执行,例如在动力系正在进行工作期间每3.125,6.25,12.5,25以及100毫秒执行。可替代的,算法可以响应事件的产生而执行。
示例性的动力系可选择的工作于几个工作档位状态之一中,其可以基于发动机状态以及变速器状态被描述,所述发动机状态包含发动机打开状态(‘ON’)与发动机关闭状态(‘OFF’),所述变速器状态包含多个固定档位状态和无级变速工作模式,如下表1所述。
表1
每个变速器工作档位状态在表中被描述,其指示了对于每个工作档位状态应用C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75中的特定的离合器。第一无级变速模式,即,EVT模式I,或MI,为了“档接”第三行星齿轮系28的外齿圈,通过应用离合器C1 70被选择。发动机状态可以为开(‘MI_Eng_On’)或闭(‘MI_Eng_Off’)之一。第二无级变速模式,即,EVT模式II,或MII,通过应用离合器C2 62被选择以便将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮系28的支架。发动机状态可以为开(‘MII_Eng_On’)或闭(‘MII_Eng_Off’)之一。出于此目的,当发动机状态为关闭时,发动机输入速度等于0转/分钟(‘RPM’),即,发动机曲轴不旋转。固定档位操作提供变速器10的输入-输出速度的固定比的操作,即,NI/NO被获得。通过应用离合器C1 70和C4 75选择第一固定档位操作(‘FG1’)。通过应用离合器C1 70和C2 62选择第二固定档位操纵(‘FG2’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C4 75选择第三固定档位操作(‘FG3’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C3 73选择第四固定档位操作(‘FG4’)。由于行星齿轮系24,26,以及28中传动比的降低,输入-输出速度的固定比随固定档位的增加而增加。第一和第二电机56和72的转速,NA和NB分别依赖于被离合器操作限定的机构的内部转动,与在输入轴12测定的输入速度成比例。
为响应被用户接口13捕捉的经加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入,HCP 5和一个或多个其它的控制模块确定指令输出扭矩,TCMD,施加于输出部件64上,并被传递到动力系90,所述指令输出扭矩是为了满足操作者扭矩请求,TO_REQ。最终车辆加速度被其它因素所影响,例如包括道路负载,路面等级,以及车辆质量。基于动力系的各种工作特征,变速器10的工作档位状态被确定。这包括通过加速踏板和制动踏板112传输到前述的用户接口13的操作者扭矩请求。所述工作档位状态可以根据在电能产生模式或扭矩产生模式下操纵第一和第二电机56和72的命令引起的动力系扭矩请求被预测。所述工作档位状态通过优化算法或程序所确定,其基于操作者动力需求,电池充电状态,以及发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72的能量效率确定最佳系统效率。控制系统基于执行优化程序的结果管理来自发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72的扭矩输入,因而系统效率被优化,从而管理燃油经济性和电池充电。而且,操作能被基于某一部件或系统中的故障被确定。HCP 5监测扭矩产生装置,以及确定来自变速器10的动力输出,所述变速器10需要获得期望的输出扭矩来满足操作者扭矩请求。从以上描述应该显而易见,ESD74和第一与第二电机56和72可操作的电连接用于其之间的功率流动。而且,发动机14,第一和第二电机56和72,以及电-机械变速器10机械可操作的连接,用来在其之间传递功率,从而产生到输出部件64的功率流。
如上所述,离合器滑转是当施加在离合器上的负载或扭矩超出了离合器的实际扭矩承载能力时发生的事件。施加的扭矩超过了离合器接触表面的静摩擦力,接触表面相对彼此产生转动。避免离合器滑转的一个方法是调节离合器控制机构可用的压紧力,其中更大的压紧力产生更大的实际扭矩承载能力。但是,增加可用的压紧力,例如,通过向液压离合器控制系统增压,仍然具有限制条件。例如,与液压可能的增压相比,电机扭矩能够更快的变化,电机扭矩在短时间的大幅变化可能导致电机扭矩在现有的液压下超过实际扭矩承载能力。也就是说,作用于动力系上的力的剧烈变化可能引起滑转事件。结果,在液压大力增加以从滑转事件中恢复之前,滑转事件就可能已经处于充分运行中,以及已经对驱动能力产生负面影响。另外,在变速器内可见的全部可能扭矩的总和,包括来自发动机的输入扭矩,来自电机或多个电机的电机扭矩,以及动力系扭矩,仍然有可能在液压系统最高压力设置下超过可获取的最大扭矩承载能力。一个可替代的方法被公开,其中各种来源的扭矩被限制用来响应所监测的离合器滑转,以便到达某个特定的测量阈值滑转速度的滑转事件启动一个离合器滑转恢复事件,其中发动机和电机扭矩降低,以使得离合器内的摩擦力停止或降低到可接受的离合器滑转水平。
为了保持驱动能力而管理输出扭矩在控制混合动力系时是优先的。为响应通过变速器施加的输出扭矩请求的改变所做的任何扭矩改变,导致了传递到动力系的输出扭矩的改变,从而导致了对车辆驱动力的改变和车辆加速度的改变。扭矩请求的改变可能来自操作者输入,例如操作者扭矩请求相关的踏板位置,车辆的自动控制的变化,例如巡航控制或其它控制策略,或响应环境条件的发动机变化,例如车辆经历上坡或下坡。通过在混合动力系内对传递到变速器的各种输入扭矩的控制变化,车辆加速度的剧烈变化可以被控制以及最小化,以便降低对驱动能力的负面影响。
正如本领域技术人员所熟知,任何控制系统都包括反应时间。动力系工作点的变化,包括动力系需要获得期望车辆操作的各种部件的速度和扭矩,通过控制信号的变化而被驱动。这些控制信号的变化作用于动力系的各种部件,根据各自的反应时间产生各自的反应。对于混合动力系,指示新的扭矩请求的控制信号的任何变化,例如,通过操作者扭矩请求改变被驱动或需要来执行变速器换档操作,都对各自影响的扭矩产生装置产生反应,以执行相应输入扭矩的所需变化。发动机提供的输入扭矩的改变通过发动机扭矩请求被控制,所述发动机扭矩请求设置由例如通过ECM控制的发动机产生的扭矩。发动机内部对发动机扭矩请求变化的反应时间受本领域熟知的许多因素的影响,发动机工作的特定改变重点依赖于采用的发动机的特殊性以及利用的燃烧模式。在许多情况下,扭矩请求变化的发动机反应时间对混合驱动系统来说是部件的最长反应时间。扭矩请求变化的电机内反应时间包括激活所有必须开关,继电器或其他控制装置的时间和随施加电力变化而给电机供电以及停电的时间。
图3基于本发明,图示了示例性混合动力系部件对扭矩请求变化的反应时间。示例性混合动力系的部件,包括作为示例的一个发动机和两个电机。扭矩请求以及随之每个扭矩产生装置产生的输入扭矩变化被示出。综上所述,数据表明了电机迅速的响应扭矩请求的改变,但发动机跟随扭矩请求的变化则慢得多。
一种方法被公开,其中在混合动力系内利用发动机和单电机或多电机的反应时间,来并行控制发动机的提前实时扭矩请求,以及电机的实时扭矩请求,以及为了对输入扭矩的同步变化产生重要影响而通过各自的反应时间进行协调的扭矩请求。
因为,如上所讨论的,来自发动机的输入扭矩变化比来自电机的输入扭矩变化一向伴随更长的反应时间,本发明公开方法的一个示例性实施例能够实现如上所述同时作用的、到发动机和电机的扭矩请求变化,包括对更快的反应装置——电机的提前期。该提前期可以通过建模或其它足够准确的预计发动机和电机工作的技术实验的,经验的,预测的确定,以及多个提前期可能被同样的动力系所使用,这依赖于不同的发动机设置、状态、操作以及范围和车辆条件。本发明的一个示例公式与装置反应时间的试验数据或估计值协同使用来计算提前期,包括下述关系:
TLead=TLead Reaction-TImmediate Reaction    [1]
TLead等于在其中所述方法中使用的提前期。该公式假定两个扭矩产生装置被使用。TLead Reaction代表具有更长反应时间的装置的反应时间,TImmediate Reaction代表具有较短反应时间的装置的反应时间。如果不同系统被使用,例如包含一个具有长的提前期的发动机,具有一个中间提前期的第一电机,以及具有一个短的提前期的第二电机,提前期可以通过比较所有的扭矩产生装置而被确定。在此示例性系统中,如果全部三个扭矩产生装置被涉及,两个提前期与每个电机比较的发动机的提前期,将被用来使每个装置的响应同步。同样的系统在不同时间可能工作于发动机关闭而且从变速器分离的状态,与第一和第二电机比较的提前期被用来使两个电机中的响应同步。按此方式,提前期能被确定用来协调各种扭矩产生装置之间的反应时间。
利用提前期实现扭矩并行需求以区分扭矩产生装置,以便影响输出扭矩产生实质上同步改变来响应操作者扭矩请求变化的一种示例性方法包括基本实时地发出发动机扭矩实时请求的变化,启动发动机内新的发动机输出扭矩的改变。与电机工作状态相联系的新的发动机输出扭矩仍然受HCP控制,以便提供部分变速器所需的总输入扭矩以推进车辆。从发动机扭矩实时请求变化点开始,提前期终止,如上所述考虑发动机和电机之间反应时间的差异。在提前期后,为了满足部分操作者扭矩请求,执行由HCP控制的,单电机或多电机产生的扭矩请求变化,电机改变了其工作状态,而且如上所述,发动机和电机提供的输入扭矩的变化实质上同步的改变。
本领域技术人员也将意识到,相比于改变离合器压紧力的控制系统,例如液压控制系统,发动机往往响应或改变速度和扭矩相对较慢。因此,在离合器控制策略中,限制发动机输入扭矩与离合器承载能力相适应,以最小化离合滑转,以便最大化可用于车辆的可用发动机扭矩,限制发动机扭矩仅至最大可用扭矩承载能力值,并且如所需的调节或增加,离合器承载能力以利用发动机完全输入扭矩是有利的。发动机扭矩需求的增加能够被所需离合器能力的及时和相应的增加所满足,直到离合器的最大可实现的扭矩能力。
另一种可预期的方法利用估计扭矩承载能力曲线以限制电机扭矩。本领域技术人员知道,混合控制策略中的电动机扭矩能在多种功能中被使用,或者同发动机一样单独使用,或者相对于发动机反方向起作用,电机满足多种功能。本领域技术人员也知道,相比与控制系统,例如液压控制系统改变离合器压紧力,电动机往往响应或改变速度和扭矩相对较快。因此,在离合器控制策略中,限制电机扭矩以与离合器承载能力相适应,从而最小化离合器滑转,以便利用电机的相对响应,改变扭矩请求,限制电机扭矩到估计的离合器承载能力值,而不调节离合器控制系统是有利的。在利用上述示例性离合器控制策略的车辆中,可以在离合器的物理限值内使用发动机和电机扭矩,同时利用各种混合驱动部件的相对反应速度。
上述的方法,限制发动机输入扭矩和电机扭矩,与估计的最大离合器扭矩或离合器扭矩承载能力相适应,而不引起离合器滑转,该方法可用来控制混合驱动部件,最大化动力系可用的扭矩,同时通过选择与混合驱动部件各自反应速度相适应的限制策略来保持扭矩请求响应敏感度。然而,预估的最大离合器扭矩或离合器扭矩承载能力和估计反应扭矩基于可用数据被计算,但不总是准确的。由于实际车辆条件相对可用数据中显现的条件的偏差,可能发生这样的情况:预期不会经历滑转的离合器确实产生滑转。结果,上述离合器控制策略,尽管打算保持离合器处于锁止状态同时试图充分利用可获自混合驱动系统各种部件的扭矩,会容许离合器滑转。
一种方法被公开,其中附加限制被作用于输入和电机扭矩上,作为对指示滑转事件的响应,从而降低通过离合器传递的反应扭矩,以便从滑转状态中恢复,将离合器回复到实际的锁止状态上来。
图4是一种滑转状态以及根据本发明的相应的离合器滑转恢复状态的图示。所述两幅图共享了同一个时间轴。上图参考时间,描述了离合器滑转速度,或离合器接触面之间的相对转速。Y轴的零值对应于离合器接触面或离合器盘片被锁止以及展示滑转速度为零的状态。任何不等于零的值代表了离合器接触面之间相对旋转运动。该值为不参考滑转方向的绝对大小。下图描述了可能通过离合器被传递的历经所述时间间隔的最大扭矩(离合器接触面之间一方向的扭矩被Y轴正值代表)和最小扭矩(离合器接触面之间相反方向的扭矩被Y轴负值代表)。最上端和最下端的粗实线,描述了如果离合器控制机构工作于当前车辆条件的最大设置时的离合器最大可用扭矩能力,例如,如果液压控制系统被设置在其最大压力设置。在示例性的液压控制系统内部,本领域技术人员知道,主液压泵可能工作于其最大设置或,附加的,一个附属液压泵能够被利用来增加可用的液压,从而供应离合器压紧力。最大可实现的扭矩能力代表了离合器能够传递的最大和最小范围内的限制,允许离合器控制系统进行调节,以获得施加于离合器上的离合器控制系统能够产生的最大压紧力。一组细实线,描述了离合器控制机构工作于其当前或操作控制设置下没有任何压紧力调节或增压的估计扭矩能力(TC-EST)。计算的离合器反应扭矩描述了目前通过离合器传递的估计实际扭矩。通过离合器传递的实际扭矩值不能直接测量,因此该值必须通过本领域熟知的方法从可用数据中计算或估计。
如上所述最大可实现扭矩能力和TC-EST代表了对离合器无滑转的传递扭矩的能力的限制。这些扭矩限制,基于估计或计算的离合器性能值映射出离合器的性能,能够用在混合控制策略中以便利混合驱动操作,通过容许扭矩产生装置的操作来最大化驱动能力,直至离合器能力的估计限值同时保持系统对扭矩指令变化的响应灵敏度。一个在混合控制策略中被采用的预期方法利用最大可实现扭矩能力来对来自发动机或电机的输入扭矩施加限制。
如图4所示,上图表示测量的时间间隔上的离合器滑转速度。许多方法被期望用于估计滑转速度,该估计可以使用简单比较或复杂算法,利用处理器估计可用的指示滑转的数据。一种指示滑转状态的方法包括监测测量的离合器滑转速度,以及将测量的离合器滑转速度与一个阈值滑转速度相比较。直接测量滑转速度的方法是公知的。基于已知的变速器特点和已知速度推导得出滑转速度也是已知的方法。如果测量的离合器滑转速度超出了阈值滑转速度,那么滑转事件就被指示出来了。最初,测量的离合器滑转速度等于零,指示离合器处于锁止模式,离合器接触面之间为零相对运动。在某一时间,测量的离合器滑转速度开始增大,最终超出阈值滑转速度,指示离合器滑转事件发生。对输入和电机扭矩施加限制来从指示滑转中恢复的滑转纠正响应,能够在滑转事件指示时立刻被启动。然而,如图4所示的示例性方法所述,在启动纠正响应来最小化滑转事件的不利影响之前的一段滑转检测时期,需要滑转超出阈值滑转速度可能是有利的。一旦纠正响应被启动,两种限制就被施加在混合驱动系统上:离合器反应扭矩提前实时最大值被作用在发动机提供的输入扭矩上,离合器反应扭矩实时最大值被作用在电机提供的电机扭矩上。如前所述,发动机对扭矩指令变化的响应比其它混合驱动部件例如电机更慢。结果,为了对发动机和电机几乎同时的发出扭矩限制指令,施加在发动机上的限制,其受到离合器反应扭矩提前实时最大值的作用,必须提前于施加在电机上的限制启动。两种扭矩限制基于在纠正响应初期估计的计算反应扭矩被开始施加,为了确保最终从滑转事件中恢复,施加在发动机和电机的限制逐渐增加,接下来进一步限制混合驱动装置可用的扭矩,直到离合器内作用的摩擦力使离合器恢复同步或接近同步状态。如上所讨论的,许多方法被期望用于估计滑转,这些方法也能被应用来终止纠正响应。上述的示例性方法,将测量的离合器滑转速度与阈值滑转速度相比较,能被反过来用来确定离合器滑转状态的结束。当测量的离合器滑转速度下降到低于阈值滑转速度时,纠正响应的终止能够立刻被启动;然而利用在启动纠正响应的终止之前的滑转恢复时期,具有进一步的益处,能够允许离合器内的离合器接触面完全返回到锁止状态。如本领域普通技术人员所熟知,两个物体之间的摩擦系数通常被给定为静摩擦系数和动摩擦系数。静止接触的两个物体经常能够比两个运动接触的相似物体在其之间传递更大的摩擦力。作用于离合器也是一样,为了防止滑转事件在纠正响应后再发生,使离合器接触面处于锁止状态,在其表面之间产生静态接触,增大通过离合器而不产生滑转事件的传递扭矩,是有利的。在纠正响应终止的初期,对于图4所示的延迟,这样的延迟促使离合器在扭矩限制根据纠正响应的终止而被释放以前,重返锁止状态。在纠正响应的终止被启动后,施加在发动机和电机扭矩上的限制能被移除。这些限制的移除能采用步进模式。然而,对离合器突然施加的反应扭矩可能引起离合器滑转的重新产生,反之更为渐进性的反应扭矩的重新施加能够降低滑转重新发生的可能性,如图4所示,其中离合器反应扭矩提前实时最大值和离合器反应扭矩实时最大值渐进的沿斜线朝图中右侧回到标准值。
以上方法中所述阈值滑转速度可以为一个简单值或依赖于车辆条件的变量。阈值滑转速度能够通过建模或其它足够准确的预测离合器操作的技术,实验的、经验的、预先的确定。而且,与纠正响应初期计算的反应扭矩相关的离合器反应扭矩提前实时最大值和离合器反应扭矩实时值,对扭矩的这些限制在纠正响应过程中增加的速率,以及这些限制在纠正响应终止后解除的速率也能够通过建模或其它足够准确预测离合器和混合驱动操作的技术实验的、经验的、预先的确定。
如图1在前公开的,混合驱动系统经常是带有多个离合器和一个或多个表现为电机形式的电机的复杂机构。这些与发动机整合的装置能工作于各种混合驱动模式下,其中发动机可能给一个应用提供转动功率,每个电机能够给其它和单独应用提供转动功率。结果,变速器的离合器能够担负多样的、变化的和独特的职责。例如,一个离合器可以承载混合驱动系统的全部扭矩,例如,驱动一辆具有重牵引负载的重型车辆爬上陡坡,联合利用所有扭矩提供装置来驱动该车辆。另一个离合器可能仅仅根据策略控制模块内的程序逻辑被激活来改变变速器的工作档位状态。通过每个离合器传递的反应扭矩能同时改变或转变。作为这些作用在离合器上的扭矩的可能的分支应用的结果,这里公开的控制策略可以应用到变速器中的所有离合器,或该控制策略仅仅被应用到部分离合器。此外,选择性的应用扭矩限制,其中作用于一个离合器的电机可以被限制,而作用于另一个离合器的另一电机可以保持不受限制。
图5描述了一个示例性程序,籍此根据本发明一种示例性滑转纠正方法能被实施。步骤200代表一系列能被启动并重复实施作为一个循环控制环的一部分的步骤。该程序始于步骤202。在步骤204,测量的离合器滑转速度被监测。在步骤206,被监测的离合器根据其当前控制状态被定位。如果离合器期望被锁止,其中滑转是一种非期望的影响驱动性能的状况,则程序前进到步骤208。如果离合器期望为非锁止状态或从非锁止或锁止状态的过渡状态,那么离合器上的滑转或相对转动就是期望的状态,程序前进到结束步骤228。在步骤208,测量的离合器滑转速度与阈值滑转速度进行比较,如果测量的离合器滑转速度大于阈值滑转速度,那么程序进入步骤210。如果测量的离合器滑转速度不大于阈值滑转速度,那么程序进入步骤218。在步骤210离合器滑转是否在当前被纠正的评估被作出,如果是,则程序进入结束步骤228。如果离合器滑转在当前并未纠正,那么程序进入步骤212,其中滑转的发生根据滑转检测时期被估计。如上所述,滑转检测时期本质上是一段时间延迟,在该时间延迟期间超出阈值的滑转必须存在于滑转纠正被启动以前。在步骤214,如果超出阈值的滑转没有历经滑转检测时期中发生,那么程序进入末尾228。如果滑转已经发生并历经滑转检测时期,那么程序进入步骤216,其中一种滑转纠正方法被激活。该程序于是进入结束步骤228。作为替代选择,如果,在步骤208,测量的离合器滑转速度不大于阈值滑转速度,那么程序进入步骤218,其中离合器滑转当前是否正被纠正的评估被作出,如果不是,那么程序进入结束步骤228。如果离合器滑转当前正被纠正,那么程序进入步骤220,其中滑转的发生根据滑转恢复时期被估计。在步骤222,如果不超出阈值的滑转没有历经滑转恢复时期而发生,那么程序进入结束步骤228。如果不超出阈值的滑转已经发生并历经滑转检测时期,那么程序进入步骤224,其中一种滑转纠正方法被激活。此外,在步骤226,使离合器恢复到标准负载水平的程序被启动,如上文所详述。程序于是进入结束步骤228。如上所述,程序200描述了一种示例性滑转纠正方法的单一迭代,在车辆中使用的所述程序将在一个周期内反复迭代,伴随每个周期重新估计滑转和合适的测量值。
可以理解,在本发明公开范围内的调整是可以允许的。本发明特别参考优选实施例以及相对其的修正被描述。对他人而言在阅读和理解说明书时进一步的调整和替代可能产生。本发明打算包括所有的这类调整和替代,只要他们落入本发明的公开范围之内。

Claims (14)

1.一种操纵动力系的方法,所述动力系包含电-机械变速器,与内燃发动机和电机机械可操作地连接,适于选择性地将机械动力传递到输出部件,所述方法包括:
监测在所述变速器内选择性应用的离合器的滑转,以指示离合器的滑转事件;以及
如果所述监测指示所述离合器的滑转事件,则通过降低所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度和所述电机的容许扭矩幅度中的至少一个来减小所述选择性应用的离合器上的负载,以便降低所述滑转,从而终止所述离合器滑转事件;
其中,减小所述选择性应用的离合器上的负载包括:预测所述发动机的响应滞后,与降低发动机的容许扭矩幅度相比,延迟降低电机的容许扭矩幅度,从而基本同时地降低发动机和电机的扭矩以实现减小所述选择性应用的离合器上的负载。
2.如权利要求1所述方法,进一步包括监测多个选择性应用的离合器的滑转。
3.如权利要求1所述方法,其中所述监测滑转包括:将测量的离合器滑转速度与阈值滑转速度相比较,如果所述测量的离合器滑转速度超过所述阈值滑转速度则指示所述离合器滑转事件。
4.如权利要求1所述方法,其中所述监测滑转包括:将测量的离合器滑转速度与阈值滑转速度相比较,如果所述测量的离合器滑转速度在整个滑转检测期间超过所述阈值滑转速度则指示所述离合器滑转事件。
5.如权利要求1所述方法,其中所述减小所述负载进一步包括降低第二电机容许扭矩幅度。
6.如权利要求1所述方法,其中所述降低所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度包括:
初始将所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度降低到计算的离合器反应扭矩幅度;以及渐进地降低所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度。
7.如权利要求1所述方法,其中所述降低所述电机的容许扭矩幅度包括:
初始将所述电机的容许扭矩幅度降低到所述计算的离合器反应扭矩幅度;以及渐进地降低所述电机的容许扭矩幅度。
8.如权利要求1所述方法,进一步包括:当所述监测指示所述离合器滑转事件结束时,在选择性应用的离合器上重新施加负载。
9.如权利要求8所述方法,其中指示所述离合器滑转事件结束的所述监测包括:将测量的离合器滑转速度与阈值滑转速度相比较,如果所述测量的离合器滑转速度小于所述阈值滑转速度则指示所述离合器滑转事件结束。
10.如权利要求8所述方法,其中指示所述离合器滑转事件结束的所述监测包括:将测量的离合器滑转速度与阈值滑转速度相比较,如果所述测量的离合器滑转速度历经整个滑转恢复期都小于所述阈值滑转速度则指示所述离合器滑转事件终止。
11.如权利要求8所述方法,其中所述在选择性应用的离合器上重新施加负载包括:
初始在所述选择性应用的离合器上保持所述负载;以及渐进地增加所述负载直到在所述离合器上获得标准的负载。
12.一种操纵动力系的方法,所述动力系包括电-机械变速器,该电-机械变速器适于通过多个离合器的选择性应用来选择性地传递机械动力至输出部件,其中所述变速器机械可操作地与内燃发动机和多个电机相连,所述方法包括:
监测每个选择性应用的离合器上的离合器滑转;以及
如果所述监测指示离合器滑转在历经滑转检测期间超过离合器滑转水平阈值,则限制通过所述离合器传递的所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度,以及限制通过所述离合器传递的所述电机的容许扭矩幅度;
其中所述限制所述电机的容许扭矩幅度包括:预测在所述发动机中的响应滞后,与所述限制所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度相比延迟限制所述电机的容许扭矩幅度,从而基本同时实现限制所述发动机和电机的扭矩。
13.如权利要求12所述方法,
其中所述限制所述发动机容许扭矩幅度包括:
初始将所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度限制到计算的离合器反应扭矩幅度,以及渐进地限制所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度;以及
其中所述限制所述电机容许扭矩幅度包括:
初始将所述电机的容许扭矩幅度限制到所述计算的离合器反应扭矩幅度,以及渐进地限制所述电机的容许扭矩幅度。
14.一种操纵动力系的设备,包括电-机械变速器,该电-机械变速器适于通过多个离合器的选择性应用来选择性地传递机械动力至输出部件,其中所述变速器机械可操作地与内燃发动机和多个电机相连,所述设备包括:
控制系统,监测所述离合器上的滑转并包含逻辑诊断每个离合器上的过度滑转,基于所述诊断在所述发动机和所述电机上施加扭矩限制,以及预测在所述发动机中的响应滞后,与限制所述发动机的容许扭矩幅度相比延迟限制所述电机的容许扭矩幅度,从而基本同时实现限制所述发动机和电机的扭矩,所述限制有效降低所述离合器上的负载并消除所述过度滑转。
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US20090112427A1 (en) 2009-04-30
US8335623B2 (en) 2012-12-18
EP2052932A3 (en) 2012-03-07
CN101451610A (zh) 2009-06-10
EP2052932A2 (en) 2009-04-29

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