CN1013528B - 铁电液晶数据存储卡 - Google Patents

铁电液晶数据存储卡

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CN1013528B
CN1013528B CN88103903A CN88103903A CN1013528B CN 1013528 B CN1013528 B CN 1013528B CN 88103903 A CN88103903 A CN 88103903A CN 88103903 A CN88103903 A CN 88103903A CN 1013528 B CN1013528 B CN 1013528B
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liquid crystal
ferro
liquid crystals
data access
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CN1030663A (zh
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山崎舜平
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Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
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Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP62113249A external-priority patent/JPS63278895A/ja
Priority claimed from JP62117281A external-priority patent/JPS63280694A/ja
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07701Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising an interface suitable for human interaction
    • G06K19/07703Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising an interface suitable for human interaction the interface being visual
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/14Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07FCOIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/0866Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by active credit-cards adapted therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals

Abstract

本发明涉及一种铁电液晶数据存贮卡,可用作银行的自动付钞机卡、保密用的识别卡及火车票预卡等类似的用途。它包括合为一体的数据存储部分及数据显示部分。构成上采用了同样的铁电液晶使整个存储卡具有既非易失又可擦除,使用方便,制造简单等优点。

Description

本发明涉及一种卡片,其本身具有数据存贮能力,且可用作,例如,银行的自动付钞机卡(CD),保密用的识别卡以及火车客票的预售卡等类似用途。
通常,用于银行的自动付钞机卡,火车客票的预售卡及类似用途的卡片都是将磁带敷在纸或塑料片上构成的。其磁带部分具有存贮帐号,余款以及类似内容的能力。然而磁带的存贮能力极小,只足以存储几栏数字和符号。
此外,储存在这种磁带上的详细内容也不能视需要而重写。
所谓的IC卡片是用集成电路,亦即可用电可擦可编程序只读存储器(EPROM)来存储信息的卡片,因而克服了上述问题。
明确地讲,已发展起来的集成电路卡,目的在于增大存储容量,并考虑利用集成电路所提供的大的存储量使得有可能进行重写。然而,这就需要使用与主机相连的终端装置,这不仅是为了能在这样的卡片内进行全部存贮,也是由于当卡片的持有者想要知道哪怕是最小量的数据时,也必须先将数据显示在终端设备的显示器上以阅读详细内容。
为此,就要求卡片具有显示所存储的数据内容的能力,使得卡片本身就能够进行显示。
为此,必须把显示部分与数据存储部分做在同一卡片上。
通常大都用液晶显示作为显示部件,这是由于它的显示能力,低功耗等特点。
另一方面,一般使用电可擦可编程序只读存储器作为存储数据的部件,因为它具有存储量大等优点。
然而,把它们做在同一卡片上就会增加工序使卡片的结构变得复杂起来,并会产生许多其他的技术问题。
本发明的发明者已发明了“一种用铁电液晶的光盘器件”,这种器件已申请专利(日本专利申请书60-130190)。这是一种使用铁电液晶的存储器(记忆装置)。它以同样的方式对所存储的数据进行读出、重写和擦除。
在实际使用铁电液晶光盘存储器时,必须克服许多问题。
下面是这样一些问题的例子:
(1)在两块基板间,分子必须正确地排列,而且至少在相当于一个数位的范围内形成单一排列区。
(2)在光盘上必须建立存储区。尤其是相邻的各个存储区必须完全隔离,而且必须探查出任何错误的存取。
鉴于这种习用器件的缺点,本发明的目的是提供一种非易失又可擦除的卡片(IC卡片)。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种IC卡片,其显示区和记忆区都由减少了工序的同样的铁电液晶来构成。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种使上述两个问题得到改善,且结构简单化了的IC卡片。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种IC卡片,这种卡片能够跟踪其存储区并能容易地消除液晶中的取向缺陷。
本发明的这些和其它目的,特点和优点将在下面结合附图对所申请的具体装置的描述中变得更为明显,在这些附图中:
图1(A)是本发明的卡片的平面图。
图1(B)是本发明的卡片剖视图。
图1(C)表示图1(B)所示结构的改型。
图2是液晶分子呈现的状态图。
图3是本发明的卡片系统图。
图4是本发明的卡片存储区透射光特性图。
图1(A)表示一个具有显示功能和数据存储能力的卡片。图1(B)是它的A-A′向剖视图。图3表示本发明的卡片所用的系统。
具有显示功能的和数据存储能力的卡片的存储方法如图2所示,对液晶层法向的指向角为θ的液晶分子12处于第一个倾斜状态,当外部电能,热能或光能施于此分子12时,它改变为第二个状态,其与液晶层法向的夹角为一θ。
此时,这两个状态的差别是用外部探测器来确定因第一和第二两个状态的不同而引起的光学上变化的。
确切地讲,把数据作为讯号记录在存储器中时,是以第一个状态代表0,第二个状态代表1。
根据本发明这种存储卡的存储区部分之截面图示于图1(B)。
用以下的方法来确保在一对基板间的整个液晶层厚度内,各分子都指向同一方向。在这方法中(通常称为SSFLC)两个状态是这样得到的,它是使一对上,下基板4和10间的间隔与铁电液晶7的螺旋间距相比足够短,借助于基板接触而所施的力,使液晶分子呈两种状态。
代之以上述方法的是利用上和下取向膜6和8之间的极性不同的方法,这种不同是由采用不同材料制成取向膜而引起的。就这种方法而言,液晶分子可借助于由极性不同造成的电场而沿一个方向取向。
此外,虽然该图未示出,实际上还有一种简便的方法,即,在取向膜6和8内侧或其外侧涂敷一层金属膜,于是,由贮存在该金属膜中之电荷所产生的一个电场被加到液晶层,从而使液晶分子取向。
本发明将用以下的具体装置作进一步说明。
一个存储卡有一对相对放置的基片4和10,其尺寸为8.6cm宽,和5.4cm长。同时,在一对其板的内侧有一对透明电极5和9。在这对电极5和9上分别形成一对取向控制膜。在基片4和10间填充以铁电液晶7。
此外,在液晶的取向控制膜8上至少可有一个突起部分23作为位置标志,借以将存储区按数位的间隔来分割,必要时参见图1(C)在画图时,为方便起见,这个间隔被放大了,画得很宽。实际使用时,每隔几个微米有一个突起部分23,而且卡片上的存储区被沿着一个方向进行分割,这个方向平行于存储卡的边缘。确切地说,高1.5微米,宽3微米和间隔5微米的许多突起部分23是用光敏聚酰亚胺树脂做在取向控制膜上的。这时,在前表面上施加光敏聚酰亚胺树脂后,用光掩蔽技术形成规定的图形。
同时,在一对基板间充以铁电液晶7。
在存储卡的四周施以密封剂11以防止铁电液晶7接触空气。在存储区以外有一对从电极5和9延伸出来的外电极5′和9′。外电极5′和9′。与讯号源13的引出线相连。当要擦除(全表面擦除法)写入存储器的内容时是用施加规定的电压来完成这一功能的。
用这种方法,将所有零作为数据写入整个存储区。然后,从光源发出的光,尤其是红外线19,通过反射镜18,半透镜17以及用作光学聚焦和位置补偿等的系数22照射到液晶层中某个指定地址的区域上(这些区域以矩阵的形式排列在整个表面上),使指定地址处的液晶分子的初始状态发生变化,从而可以完成写入。在光束照射期间,施加一个比正向阈电压低的电压,使上、下电极5和9间的液晶反转就可迅速准确地写入数据。光束通过反射镜16到达光传感器14来监视数据的写入。
为了读出数据,由半导体激光器21发出的激光束23通过偏振器20,半透镜17及用于聚焦位置补偿或自动跟踪的光学系统22射到存储卡上,由存储卡上的存储区3透过的光经偏振器15和反射镜16到达光接收传感器14。在光接收传感器中 检测激光束的透过或未透过以读取数据。
在此情况下,当数据要写入和读出时,镜子16,17和18以及光学系统22相对卡片1作平行移动,从而对指定地址写入或读出数据。
换言之,可以移动卡片1,也可以自动地移动镜子和光学系统或二者同时移动。
在用突起部分23来写入或读出数据时,突起部分23上面的液晶7的体积比数据存储部分26小或完全不存在,这样在写入和读出的光束偏离数据存储部分26的情况下,基于液晶材料的各向异性,当光束到达光传感器14时,不发生光学上的变化。因此,光束只产生透明或不透明状态(取决于光偏振器15和20的排列状况)。这用电学方法探测,并对镜子和光学系统的位置进行校正。这样就能使写入和读出的光束正确地对准数据存储部分26。
此外,即使突起部分由反光材料做成,也可用同样的方法进行位置修正。
在本发明的存储区中,基板4和10是用塑料或7059麻粒玻璃构成的。在基板上用真空淀积法形成透明导电膜ITO(氧化铟锡)。然后在一对基板电极5和9的内侧加上不对称的取向膜6和8,并形成液晶单元,其厚度等于基板间隔2微米。液晶层7被置于基板间。为实现取向排列,在电极5上用旋转法涂敷厚为0.1微米的PAN(聚丙烯睛)和PVA(聚丙烯醇),并进行普通抛光处理。取向控制膜也可用SiO2(二氧化硅)或聚酰亚胺来代替。
在另一个电极9上施以无机化合物的取向膜,并且所提供的液晶取向控制膜8是未抛光的。
在液晶取向控制膜6和8间加入铁电液晶,例如,联苯系列的手性层列相结构液晶(biphenyl-related    chiral    smeotic    liquid    cryltals)。
此外,也可使用DOBAMBC铁电液晶及其类似材料或将多种液晶材料混合起来使用。图4给出一个铁电液晶阈值特性的例子。图4也表示用施加±5伏电压而得到的一对曲线24和25。确切地说因引起液晶分子反转而使光能够透过或不能透过,与此同时,得到了表示记忆效应的磁滞现象。
在图4中,纵坐标是光的透射比。
卡片1的显示部分2实质上具有与前述的存储区3相同的结构,除了在本发明的具体装置中一对电极5和9具有矩阵结构以外,这样就可用小斑点来显示方字,图和符号。此外卡片上也提供了所需的IC。
确切地讲,卡片的存储区3和显示区2只是电极形状不同,其它部分的结构是完全一样的。因此,兼有显示功能和存储能力的卡片可用制作液晶显示器的常用工艺来制作。
此外,一对光偏振器15和20适于完全覆盖卡片两侧,这样就完全不必使用作为光读出装置的偏振器了。
再者,液晶分子12具有按照突起部分23自行对准的能力。这样,数据存储部分26的液晶分子的取向状态得到改善而无缺陷,使数据能够准确地存储在存储器中。
突起部分23也可用作液晶单元的隔离区。这就减少了工序,降低了生产成本。
以上是使用这种显示存储卡的一个例子。在用作银行的自动付钞机卡或类似用途时,持卡者来到银行,把卡片插入与计算机相连的自动付钞机设备中,通过电极5′和9′给卡片供电,由光学系统的读出装置从卡片的存储区取出数据,如持卡者的姓名,帐号,过去的详细业务情况等。与此同时,新的数据由光学系统写入,而所要的数据则显示在卡片上。
这种显示所用的液晶表现出铁电性(手性层列相液晶),当其密封在间距窄于液晶的螺旋间距的平行板间时,液晶分子则沿稳定的两个轴的方向定位。这两个方向之一可用电场来选择。即使除去电场,液晶也能可靠地保持稳定位置。结合使用偏振板,(文字等的)显示就能保持。
因此,当卡片从自动付钞机终端设备中取出时,卡片电源被切断,但数据仍保留在存储区中,这是基于液晶具有铁电,并且在显示区也具有铁电。
这样,用户随时随地都能看到存储的内容。
这里所述的例子只是将本发明的卡片用作银行的自动付钞机卡的方法,但也可以把这种卡片用于别处。
在这个具体装置中,本发明的卡片是由透射型的显示区2和存储区3组成的,但在其他具体装置中,使用反射型也不会降低本发明的效果。在这种情况下,激光束被卡片的电极部分反射,这就可用 金属来做一个电极,因而本发明的成本就可降低。
此外,在本发明的卡片没有外接线端时,也可以不用连接电源来读卡片的存储器,这样存储区的工作就如同一个只读存储器。
还可以在铁电液晶中添加二色性染料,以宾一主方式储存和显示数据。在这种情况下其特点是可以使用一个或不用偏振器。
与至今所用的磁性卡片系统相比,把使用铁电液晶的显示器件和存储部分合并在一个卡片内,卡片本身具有记忆功能,其一部分或全部存储器可随时用显示装置来检查,因而不必使用特殊的终端装置。
此外,由于只在重写时需要电源,所以卡片本身不必有电源。当然,卡片可备有太阳电池作为电源来驱动卡片电路。

Claims (7)

1、一个包含存储部分和显示部分的铁电液晶数据存储卡片,
其中所述存储部分包括:一对基板,在所述基板对的内表面上形成的一对电极;和置于所述电极之间具有存储功能的一非易失铁电液晶层,其中,至少一块所述基板是透明的以使所述液晶层能为将信息写入所述存储部分而受光线照射,同时
其中所述显示部分包括:一个基板,每块基板各具有其上形成万一个电极装置,用以界定若干象素;和置于所述基板之间的一铁电液晶层。
2、如权利要求1所述的铁电液晶数据存储卡片,其中所述信息是字母,字符,符号,或其它图象。
3、如权利要求2所述的铁电液晶数据存储卡片,还包括用于驱动所述存储部分和所述显示部分的IC芯片。
4、如权利要求3所述的铁电液晶数据存储卡片,还包括用于接收来自一外部装置的控制信号的外部接线端。
5、如权利要求3所述的铁电液晶数据存储卡片,还包括用于接收供操作所述液晶存储卡片所需电功率的外部接线端。
6、如权利要求3所述的铁电液晶数据存储卡片,还包括一用于将电能供至所述液晶存储卡片的太阳能电池。
7、如权利要求1所述的铁电液晶数据存储卡片,其中各所述基板是8.6cm宽和5.4cm长。
CN88103903A 1987-05-09 1988-05-09 铁电液晶数据存储卡 Expired CN1013528B (zh)

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JP113249/87 1987-05-09
JP62113248A JPS63278894A (ja) 1987-05-09 1987-05-09 表示機能と記憶能力を有するカ−ド
JP62113249A JPS63278895A (ja) 1987-05-09 1987-05-09 表示機能と記憶能力を有するカ−ド
JP113248/87 1987-05-09
JP62117281A JPS63280694A (ja) 1987-05-13 1987-05-13 表示機能と記憶能力を有するカ−ド
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DE3852907T2 (de) 1995-05-24
CN1030663A (zh) 1989-01-25
KR970000278B1 (ko) 1997-01-08
US4954985A (en) 1990-09-04
EP0291259A1 (en) 1988-11-17
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KR880014492A (ko) 1988-12-24

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