CN101296669A - 经椎间孔的混合植入物 - Google Patents

经椎间孔的混合植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101296669A
CN101296669A CNA200680035256XA CN200680035256A CN101296669A CN 101296669 A CN101296669 A CN 101296669A CN A200680035256X A CNA200680035256X A CN A200680035256XA CN 200680035256 A CN200680035256 A CN 200680035256A CN 101296669 A CN101296669 A CN 101296669A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
implant
radial imaging
support members
intervertebral implant
along
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Pending
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CNA200680035256XA
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English (en)
Inventor
F·J·施瓦布
A·J·麦尔肯特
B·R·托伦
J·L·怀特
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Publication of CN101296669A publication Critical patent/CN101296669A/zh
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Abstract

配置为用于经椎间孔外科入路放置的植入物,由至少两种不同材料制成。该植入物可包括具有不同射线透过性和机械特性的材料。该混合植入物可为植入物的放置提供受控的射线成像视图和优化的结构特性,包括脊柱关节融合术的放置。

Description

经椎间孔的混合植入物
技术领域
本发明一般涉及医疗植入体及植入方法领域,更具体地涉及适合置于跨过两个相邻椎体之间的盘间隙高度形成的植入空间内以改善该间隙处的疾患、功能障碍或变性的椎体间脊柱植入体,以及任何相关的方法。脊柱植入体可由多种植入材料构成,这些材料具有不同的放射成像透过程度。这些材料可包括骨,并且这些材料可以是重吸收性或非重吸收性的。一些实施方式的植入体被配置成能够放射成像观察操作放置和最终的骨治愈。
背景技术
用于放置到脊柱相邻椎体间的椎间隙内的植入体可具有多种形状和尺寸。这些植入体通常整个地由一种材料构成,但特定植入体之间所用的材料类型可以不同。适用于人体脊柱外科手术的植入体包括完全由金属构成的植入体,例如钛或不锈钢,或由可透射射线的合成材料如碳-碳复合材料或聚-醚-醚-酮(PEEK)构成的植入体。植入体的结构可被设计成,通过允许骨组织穿过和围绕植入体生长以促进相邻椎体间的融合。通过放射成像不透性可实现植入体在椎体间的最佳操作放置。然而,相对射线可透过性植入体材料有利于椎间隙中骨生长与融合的术后评价。虽然这些植入体可包含特性物或射线不透性特性物,它们在结构上并未得益于射线不透性材料。在一些构型中,金属(其中一些是放射图像上不透明的)在植入期间提供了较大的强度和抵冲击性。金属植入体可实现结构元件较小的壁厚度,从而为骨移植物和植入体中的其它试剂提供更大的空间。
由于植入体中希望利用射线可透过性和射线不透性的材料,因而需要具有不同放射成像外观性能的不同结构性材料构成的改良植入体。对于一些植入体来说,希望优化机械性能,同时实现充分的骨填充和骨穿透生长。在一些实施方式中可应用这些特征,从而经放射成像来确定骨植入体的相互作用以及骨生长进入和围绕植入体生长。
发明内容
本发明的实施方式可包括人造椎间脊柱融合植入体,所述植入体由各种射线可透过性和机械性能的结构性材料构成。提供植入体,用于至少部分地插入跨过人体脊柱相邻椎体间盘间隙高度形成的植入空间内。一些实施方式的植入体由至少两个放射成像上不同的成像材料构成:即射线可透过性部分和射线不透性部分。一些实施方式的射线不透性材料被设置成面向椎骨终板,最低程度地妨碍前到后和/或横向侧方向穿过植入体的放射成像观察。植入体的实施方式可包括上部分和下部分,它们被置于椎间隙内以接触和支撑相邻椎体。植入体的上下部分可包括至少一个相互连通的开口,它们被配置成能够容纳骨生长促进材料和/或骨移植物,从而允许骨组织穿过植入体从椎体生长到椎体。本发明的实施方式包括含有至少两种不同材料的人造椎体间脊柱植入体,用于至少部分地插入跨过脊柱相邻椎体间盘间隙高度形成的植入空间内。植入体实施方式可采用在植入体的设计中具有结构性作用的材料,植入体引导端的至少一部分的高度降低以便于所述植入体插入到相邻椎体之间。植入体的最大长度小于且近似于椎体的后到前或右到左长度。一些实施方式还包括至少在上下部分的外表面上形成的用于与相邻椎体啮合的骨啮合面,例如一个或多个凸起、棘齿、销钉、粗糙面或滚花。植入体的实施方式可与骨生长或骨治愈促进性材料联用,这些材料包括但不限于:骨、骨衍生产品、脱矿骨基质、矿化蛋白、骨化蛋白、骨成形细胞分化物质、骨形态发生蛋白、羟基磷灰石以及导致骨生成的基因治疗物质。植入体的实施方式也可与用于治疗感染、肿瘤或其它病理学过程的治疗性物质联用。在本发明的一些实施方式中,一种组成材料相对或绝对射线可透过。在本发明的一些实施方式中,一种组成材料是射线不透性的。植入体的一种组成材料是至少部分地可重吸收的。在一些实施方式中,至少一部分植入体经处理以促进植入体与相邻椎体间的骨向内生长。植入体的实施方式可与至少一种脊柱固定植入体联用。植入体的实施方式可包括内部空腔和至少一个用于与插入装置附连或相互作用的区域,用于将植入体手术放置到椎间隙中或从中取出。一些实施方式的植入体的上下表面可包括多个开口。植入体的实施方式可被设计成能够在第二植入体附近插入相邻椎体的盘间隙内,所述第二植入体可为相同或不同形状。至少一个开口可位于植入体实施方式的前端和尾端之间。植入体实施方式的上下部分或表面可至少部分地相互间大致平行,或者可被构造成相互间成一定角度以适应相邻椎体相互间的角度关系。
本发明的另一实施方式是配置成从经椎间孔外科入路植入的椎间植入物。该植入物可包括大致凸起的前侧壁,大致凹陷的后侧壁,前后侧壁间的近端,和前后侧壁间的大致与近端相对的远端。实施方式包括接合前后侧壁供啮合上椎体的上部,和接合前后侧壁供啮合下椎体的下部。植入物包括:具有可检测的放射成像特性的第一材料以及射线成像特性的可检测度比第一材料的射线成像特性弱的第二材料。
本发明的又一实施方式是具有侧向尺寸,前后尺寸和上下垂直尺寸的椎间植入物,该植入物构造为从经椎间孔外科入路植入。植入物的实施方式包括第一主体,第一主体至少部分地由射线成像可见材料制造,并包括两个或更多支撑件,提供在垂直方向的结构支撑,第一主体包括至少部分地大致凸曲面的前侧壁和至少部分大致凹曲面的后侧壁,和接合至第一主体的第二主体,第二主体至少部分地由射线成像可检测度弱于第一主体材料的材料制造。当从前后向和侧向至少之一观察时,支撑件中的两个或多个相对对齐,可指示植入物关于纵轴的旋转定位。
本发明的又一实施方式是构造为从经椎间孔外科入路植入的椎间植入物,椎间植入物包括大致凸出的前侧壁,大致凹陷的后侧壁,和接合至前后侧壁供啮合上椎体的上部。植入物实施方式还可包括接合至前后侧壁供啮合下椎体的下部,前后侧壁之间的至少部分地由射线透过性材料制造的近端,和前后侧壁间的大致与近端相对的至少部分地由射线透过性材料制造的远端。
本发明的一个实施方式是构造为从经椎间孔外科入路植入的椎间植入物,椎间植入物具有主体,包括大致凸出的前侧壁,大致凹陷的后侧壁,接合至前后侧壁供啮合上椎体的上部,和接合至前后侧壁供啮合下椎体的下部。植入物可包括前后侧壁间的近端,近端至少部分地由弹性模量较主体低的材料制造,和前后侧壁间的大致与近端相对的远端,远端至少部分地由弹性模量较主体低的材料制造。
本发明实施方式可包括从经椎间孔外科入路植入椎间植入物的方法。该方法包括提供包括以下结构的植入物:大致凸出的前侧壁,大致凹陷的后侧壁,供啮合上椎体的上部,供啮合下椎体的下部,前后侧壁之间的至少部分由射线透过性材料制造的近端,和前后侧壁间的大致与近端相对的至少部分由射线透过性材料制造的远端。该方法还可包括在上下椎体间通过近端远端、前侧壁和后侧壁中的一个或多个通过射线成像观察植入物在上下椎体间的位置,和通过近端和远端、前侧壁和后侧壁中的一个或多个通过射线成像观察上下椎体间的骨生长。
本发明的另一实施方式是组装经椎间孔椎间植入物的方法。该方法包括提供包括以下结构的主体:大致凸出的前侧壁,大致凹陷的后侧壁,供啮合上椎体的上部,供啮合下椎体的下部。该方法还可包括在前后侧壁间施加远端,该远端的射线成像特性比主体弱。
附图说明
图1是腰椎中两个相邻椎体的侧视图,跨过脊柱盘间隙高度形成植入空间。
图2是腰椎中椎体的俯视图,通过后侧路径形成植入空间。
图3是图2所示植入空间的立体图。
图4是通过前侧路径形成植入空间的立体图。
图5是腰椎中椎体的俯视图,一个实施方式的植入体位于图2所示的植入空间中。
图6是两个相邻椎体的侧视图,图5所示植入体通过后侧路径位于图2所示的植入空间中。
图7是两个相邻椎体的侧视图,植入体通过前侧路径位于图2所示的植入空间中。
图8是图5所示植入体的俯视图。
图9是图5所示植入体的后视立体图。
图10是图5所示植入体的侧视图。
图11是图5所示植入体的后视图。
图12是用于图2所示植入空间中的另一个实施方式的植入体的后视立体图。
图13是图12所示植入体的后视图。
图14是图12所示植入体的侧视图。
图15是适用于前侧放置到颈部或腰部椎体间盘间隙内的一个实施方式的植入体的后视图。
图16是图15所示植入体的俯视图。
图17是图15所示植入体的侧视图。
图18是本发明的植入物实施方式的立体视图。
图19是图18的植入物的后视图。
图20是图18的植入物的部分分解立体视图。
图21A、21B,和21C分别是本发明的实施方式的各部件的平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图。
图22A、22B,和22C分别是至少图21A、21B,和21C的植入物在平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图的图形表示。
图23A、23B,和23C分别是本发明植入物的实施方式在平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图的图形表示。
图24A、24B,和24C分别是本发明植入物的实施方式在平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图的图形表示。
图25A、25B,和25C分别是本发明植入物的实施方式在平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图的图形表示。
图26A、26B,和26C分别是本发明植入物的实施方式在平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图的图形表示。
图27A、27B,和27C分别是本发明植入物的实施方式在平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图的图形表示。
图28A、28B,和28C分别是本发明植入物的实施方式在平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图的图形表示。
图29A、29B,和29C分别是本发明植入物的实施方式在平面(轴向),侧面(侧向),和后视图的图形表示。
具体实施方式
下面的描述是为了示意而不是限制性的,根据这些内容可进行许多变化,这些变化形式也包括在本发明的范围内。现在具体参考本发明的实施方式,这些实施方式的例子在附图中显示。可能的话,所有附图中相同的附图标记用于表示相同或类似的部件。
图1-3显示了跨过腰椎中椎体V之间的椎间盘D的高度形成的植入空间100。在其它实施方式中,椎体可以是颈椎或胸椎的椎体。应理解,存在许多方法,并且可采用任何适合该目的的方法和器械来制备所需的植入空间并清除椎间盘和软组织,从而适于接纳本发明的植入体。还应理解,植入空间的制备通常在植入体设置之前保留了残余的盘物质D。
图3显示了通过部分清除椎体V附近的盘和软组织制备得到的植入空间100。图3中的制备为后侧腰部外科手术路径,显示了从后侧进入盘间隙内的开口O。开口O也可以是经椎间孔或倾斜的外科手术路径制备的。还显示了椎弓根的残余部分P。
图4显示了通过部分清除椎体V附近的盘和软组织制备得到的植入空间100。图4中的制备为前侧外科手术路径,显示了从前侧进入盘间隙内。该图示可反映颈椎、胸椎或腰椎的椎间隙制备的进口E。
图5显示了根据本发明的实施方式、位于植入空间100内的单侧植入体200。显示骨移植物材料BG在单侧植入体200的前侧,并且在单侧植入体200的中央空穴210中。
图6显示了位于植入空间100内的单侧植入体200。显示骨移植物材料BG在单侧植入体200的前侧但在残余盘物质D的后侧,并且在单侧植入体200的中央空穴210中。
图7显示了位于植入空间100内的单侧植入体400。显示骨移植物材料BG在单侧植入体400的空穴480内。
图8显示了单侧植入体200,它具有前侧202和后侧204。显示了中央空穴210。横向支持结构220、220’从植入体的前侧202延伸到后侧204。在单侧植入体200的横向侧显示了射线透性模块240、240’,各自具有中央空穴242、242’。
图9显示了图8所述的单侧植入体200。后侧立体图显示了中央空腔210,射线可透过性模块240、240’和后支撑柱222、222’和从植入体的下侧260延伸到上侧264的支撑柱222、222’。
图10从侧视图的角度显示了图8所述的单侧植入体200。显示射线可透过性模块240位于植入体的上侧264和下侧260之间。显示了在上侧264和下侧260之间的后支撑柱222和前支撑柱223。在侧投影中,可注意到植入体的前侧202和后侧204。
图11显示了没有射线可透过性模块240、240’的图8和9所述植入体的后视图,以显示放射成像外观。
由于该实施方式中所用材料的射线不透性,放射图像上仅显示了在植入体的下侧260和上侧264间延伸的后支撑柱222、222’。当从后侧直接通过放射成像观察单侧植入体200时,前支撑柱223、223’隐藏在后支撑柱222、222’的后面。
图12显示了本发明另一个实施方式的中央支撑植入体300的后侧立体图。可注意到中央容积310、射线可透过性横向模块340、340’以及前支持结构324和后支持结构322。
图13显示了没有射线可透过性横向模块340、340’的图12所述植入体的后视图,以显示放射成像外观。由于该实施方式所用材料的射线不透性,放射图像上仅显示了在植入体的下侧360与上侧364间延伸的后支持结构322,后支持结构322在此图中与在图12中可见的前支持结构324重叠。
图14显示了图12所示中央支撑植入体300的侧视图。显示射线可透过性横向模块340位于植入体的上侧364与下侧360之间。该侧投影中,示出了植入体的前支持结构324和后支持结构322。
图15显示了前侧植入体400。在一些实施方式中,前侧植入体400可通过前侧外科手术路径设置。然而,前侧植入体400也可通过其它外科手术路径设置,例如但不限于前侧-倾斜路径或横向路径。显示由射线可透过性材料构成的大的中央支柱410横跨植入体。上缘边420和下缘边422附连于中央支柱410,并通过支持结构440、442、444、446相互连接。示出了穿过植入体侧面的开口450、452、454、456。这些开口允许骨组织生长穿过和进入前侧植入体400,但本发明并不限于此。
图16显示了图15所述前侧植入体400的俯视图。可注意到大的中央支柱410。显示前侧植入体400内在支柱410的两侧具有两个空穴480、480’。这些空穴允许骨组织穿过和进入前侧植入体400,但本发明并不限于此。
图17显示了图15和16所示前侧植入体400的侧视图。显示了上缘边420和下缘边422,以及中央支柱410的侧视图。由于中央支柱410的射线可透过性,在放射成像视图上仅示出了上缘边420和下缘边422以及射线不透性支持结构440、442。侧视图中,由于支持结构440、442而使图15所示其它两个支持结构444、446被遮挡。而且,上缘边420和下缘边422间的角度有利于前侧植入体400插入到两个相邻椎体之间和控制矢状面椎间对准。
图18-20例示了本发明另一植入物实施方式。图18的立体图显示了侧向延伸的植入物500。图19显示了后视图,图20中例示了部分分解立体图。侧向延伸的植入物500类似于中央支撑植入物300,至少在其支撑体的模式方面,但包括延伸超出中央主体501的侧面伸出部的侧块540、540’。中央主体501至少部分地由射线成像特性不同于侧块540、540’的材料构造。中央主体501包括后支撑件522和前支撑件524。支撑件522和524在下板560和上板564间接合。下板560和上板564上均显示有许多齿或突起565。突起565可帮助植入物啮合入骨表面。在中央主体501用金属材料制造的实施方式中,形成突起565可建立优势。金属齿、突起或其它表面特征既可增加强度又能够更有效地锐利化以更好地啮合骨表面。
侧向延伸植入物500是美敦力公司(Medtronic,Inc)销售的CRESCENTTM植入物的混合适配器(hybrid adaptation)。CRESCENTTM植入物在器械、方法和类似构造的植入物方面的几个独有的特征详见2005年4月15日公开的美国专利申请11/107,192,题为“脊柱盘间隙内定位植入物的器械、植入物和方法”(“Instruments,Implants and Methods for Positioning Implants into a Spinal Disc Space”),其内容引用于此作为参考。至少适用于啮合器械的侧向延伸植入物500靠近侧面伸出部分的侧块540、540’上的凹陷区和接纳部更完全地在‘192申请中描述。
图19所述的侧块540、540’各自包括高度缩小区段541、541’,以便于侧向延伸植入物500的插入。在一些实施方式中,侧向延伸植入物500可以侧块540、540’之一作为插入端插入。从任意端插入的植入物构型减少了库存需求并增加了外科手术期间的灵活性。如此的缩小高度区段可应用于单侧植入物200、中央支撑植入物300和其它植入物,在此不具体详述。
侧向延伸植入物500还包括适于接受骨移植物材料的中央裂隙510。在本发明一些实施方式中,开口穿过侧向延伸植入物500的前后方,并且穿过下板560和上板564。这些开口可用于实现骨生长进入、伸出和穿过侧向延伸植入物500。
图20所述侧块540包括脊541,其提供侧块541和中央主体501间的阻挡。脊541可通过诸如磨、铸或喷射模压等加工过程独立成形在侧块540上,或者脊541可以是侧块540的材料在紧邻中央主体501处经铸、成形、喷射或模压的结果。在一些实施方式中,独立成形的侧块540卡入中央主体501就位。
如图18所示,显示侧块540、540’大致与中央主体501的前后沿平齐。然而,在一些实施方式中,侧块540、540’可延伸超出中央主体501的前后沿或包裹至少部分中央主体501。在一些实施方式中,可通过装配各种互配的不同尺寸的中央主体501与侧块540、540’形成多种尺寸和构型的植入物。本发明实施方式可包括不同尺寸的中央主体501和不同尺寸的侧块540、540’,供外科医生、产品零售商或其它分销商装配。
已结合单侧植入物200、中央支撑植入物300和侧向延伸植入物500具体描述了经椎间孔入路植入的植入物的实施方式。本发明这些或其它实施方式可描述为具有大致凸出的前侧壁和大致凹陷的后侧壁。大致凸出的侧壁可具有光滑的凸面,或者可以部分节段包括锯齿,通常显示为凸形。大致凹陷侧壁可具有光滑的凹面,或者可以部分节段包括锯齿,通常显示为凹形。术语侧壁可以是实心壁,可包括具有许多开口的壁,或者仅仅是植入物的前或后沿。本发明实施方式的前沿可包括,例如下面260、下部360、下板560、上面264、上部364和上板564的边缘。前沿也可包括块的前侧边缘,例如射线透过性块240、240’,射线透过性侧块340、340’,和侧块540、540’,可包括沿前部的支撑件,例如前支撑柱223、223’,前支撑结构324和前支撑件524。
本发明实施方式的后沿可包括,例如下面260、下部360、下板560、上面264、上部364和上板564的边缘。后沿也可包括块的后侧边缘,例如射线透过性块240、240’,射线透过性侧块340、340’,和侧块540、540’,可包括沿后部的支撑件,例如后支撑柱222、222’,后支撑结构322,和后支撑件522。
经椎间孔入路植入的植入物实施方式可进一步限定为具有前和后侧壁间的近和远端,近端和远端通常两者相对。在一些实施方式中,植入物的近端或远端点可由植入物插入的方向限定,远端是植入物首先插入的一端。
接合至前和后侧壁的植入物下部的实施例包括下面260、下部360、和下板560。接合至前和后侧壁的植入物上部的实施例包括上面264、上部364、和上板564。下部和上部可构造为分别啮合下椎体和上椎体。
构造为经椎间孔入路植入的植入物的实施方式也可包括具有可见射线成像特性的第一材料和射线成像特性可检测度较第一材料的射线成像特性低的第二材料。例如,单侧植入物200中,后支撑柱222、222’,前支撑柱223、223’,以及至少部分下面260和上面264由具有可见射线成像特性的第一材料制成。射线透过块240、240’是射线成像可见度较低的第二材料。术语射线成像特性在本文中是指,在射线成像装置得到的显影。例如,射线透过性块在射线成像上视觉分辨模糊,而认为其射线成像特性低于射线不透明金属例如钛。
中央支撑植入物300的实施方式也包括具有可见射线成像特性的第一材料和射线成像特性可检测度较第一材料的射线成像特性低的第二材料。后支撑结构322和前支撑结构324,以及至少部分下部360和上部364包括具有可见射线成像特性的第一材料。
射线透过性侧块340、340’是射线成像特性可检测度较第一材料的射线成像特性低的第二材料。侧面延伸植入物500是另一实施例,包括至少部分地由具有可见射线成像特性的第一材料制造的中央主体501,和射线成像特性可检测度较第一材料的射线成像特性低的第二材料构成的侧块540、540’。
第二材料诸如射线透过性块240、240’,射线透过性侧块340、340’,和侧块540、540’,也可至少部分地由弹性模量较中央主体501低的材料制造。在一些情况下,理想的是,提供弹性模量更接近骨的弹性模量,或至少在一定程度上降低植入物的刚性。
图21A、21B,和21C分别是中央主体501的平面、侧面和后视图。侧块540、540’已从图中移除,与当侧块由射线成像可见度较低或射线透过性材料制造时的射线成像图像一致。图21A是与轴向射线成像图一致的平面视图。图21B是与侧向射线成像图一致的侧视图。图21C是与后至前向射线成像图一致的后视图。
图21B显示了中央主体501的侧视图。下板560和上板564的最外侧部分显示为非平行的成角度关系。具体地,中央主体501靠近植入物前部较高。如此配置,当置于盘间隙时侧向延伸植入物500将在上下相邻椎体的终板间形成角度。这种配置可在纠正脊柱前凸弯曲时起作用。在其它实施方式中,靠近植入物后部高度较高,以帮助纠正脊柱后凸弯曲。尽管在所示实施方式中后支撑件522和前支撑件524的长度大致相同,通过改变下板560和上板564的厚度在中央主体501中建立成角度关系。
图22A-29C是不同构造的经椎间孔植入物的简化图示。适当时,用下部60,上部64,后支撑22、22’,前支撑24、24’,端支撑25、25’来表示各植入物。每个支撑在这里表示为圆柱型部件。但是,各支撑可以是任何所需构型,例如但不限于:矩形、正方形、园形、椭圆形、多边形、或沿其长度横断面上的变体。射线成像较弱或射线透过的块,如上文所述,不在这些图中显示,但每个代表的植入物都考虑了这些块的任何尺寸或构型。尽管前凸和后凸矫正的角度未在图22A-29C中示出,各实施方式需考虑该角度。图22A-24C和图27A-29C将进一步说明,当从至少前、后、侧向通过射线成像观察时,两个或多个支撑间相互对齐关系以及植入物关于纵轴的旋转位置。当在所示后视图中观察时,该取向的纵轴被认为是纵向的。
图22A-24C代表本发明的实施方式,包括图21A-21C所示更具体的实施方式。当从植入物后面在射线成像中观察植入物时,沿植入物后壁的后支撑22阻断前支撑24的射线成像显影。
图23A-23C显示了当从植入物后面在射线成像中观察植入物时,沿植入物后壁的后支撑22、22’分别阻断前支撑24、24’的射线成像显影。当从植入物侧面在射线成像中观察植入物时,沿后侧壁设置的后支撑22、22’分别被配置为阻断对侧另一支撑的射线成像显影。当从植入物侧面在射线成像中观察植入物时,沿前侧壁设置的前支撑24、24’分别被配置为阻断对侧另一支撑的射线成像显影。
图24A-24C显示了植入物靠近第一和第二侧沿的端支撑25、25’。当从植入物侧面在射线成像中观察植入物时,每个端支撑25、25’被配置为阻断对侧另一支撑的射线成像显影。
图25A-25C例举了植入物,其具有通过一个或多个射线成像可见度较低或射线透过性元件相互接合的下部60和上部64。在一些实施方式中,所述下部60和上部64被配置为允许侧向延伸至超出下部和上部60、64的侧沿。
图26A-26C例举了植入物,其具有通过一个或多个射线成像可见度较低或射线透过性元件相互接合的下部60和上部64。所述下部60和上部64被配置为环绕本发明一些实施方式的上下区段的整个外周具有边缘。
图27A-27C显示了具有沿前侧壁设置的前支撑24、24’的植入物,当从植入物侧面在射线成像中观察植入物时,前支撑24、24’分别被配置为阻断对侧另一支撑的射线成像显影。植入物还包括大致沿后侧壁中部设置的后支撑22。当从植入物后面在射线成像中观察植入物时,前支撑24’和后支撑22之间的侧空间S1与前支撑24和后支撑22之间的侧空间S2大致相等。
图28A-28C显示了沿植入物后壁的后支撑22,后支撑22被配置为当从植入物后面在射线成像中观察植入物时,后支撑22阻断前支撑24的射线成像显影。当从侧面在射线成像中观察植入物时,沿后侧壁的支撑、靠近植入物侧面的支撑,与沿前侧壁的支撑之间的前到后空间S3、S4指示了植入物的旋转位置。本发明实施方式可包括校正各空间、形状和旋转位置的图表或其它指示器。
图29A-29C例示了具有沿后壁的后支撑22和沿前壁的前支撑24的植入物。当从后面在射线成像中观察植入物时,后支撑22和前支撑24之间的侧空间指示了植入物的旋转位置。当从侧面在射线成像中观察植入物时,后支撑22和前支撑24之间的前到后空间指示了植入物的旋转位置。
虽然所述植入体主要用于脊柱融合,应理解它们被经改良或配置成内部能够接纳融合促进性物质和/或材料,例如但不限于松质骨、骨衍生产品、化疗剂、抗微生物剂等。在一些实施方式中,植入体由以下材料构成,例如但不限于:钛及其合金、ASTM材料、钴铬、钽、陶瓷、聚-醚-醚-酮(PEEK)、各种塑料、塑料复合材料、碳纤维复合材料、珊瑚,并可包括至少部分地可生物重吸收的人工材料。植入体所用结构性材料的放射成像外观具有各种性质,从而实现植入体设置、植入体-骨界面和/或骨生长进入和贯穿生长的最佳观察。
虽然上述说明揭示了植入体上下表面的各种关系,平行或不平行,但应注意表面间的轻度倾斜也是可能的。这样,植入脊柱后,这些植入体允许相邻椎体相互间以倾斜关系定位,从而恢复脊柱的自然曲率,例如脊柱前凸等。还应注意,植入体的形状也可以显著变化,包括但不限于:肾形、圆形、楔形、圆柱形、梯形、矩形、长方形和椭圆形。
外表面可具有螺纹或特定的不均匀性,以便于插入或锚定到周围组织或骨中。在本发明任一实施方式中,植入体可包括、由以下材料构成,处理、涂覆、填充或联用适合植入人体脊柱的人造或天然产生的材料和/或物质、或者也可具有空腔或开口以容纳这些材料和/或物质。这些材料和/或物质包括以下任一来源:骨发生、骨生长促进性材料、骨、骨衍生物质或产品、脱矿骨基质、矿化蛋白、骨化蛋白、骨形态发生蛋白、羟基磷灰石、用于生成骨的基因编码,骨包括但不限于皮质骨、抗生素、癌症治疗物质、感染治疗物质或其它疾病治疗物质。这些植入体至少部分地包括体内可生物重吸收和/或可重吸收的材料。本发明的植入体可由多孔材料形成,或者由固有参与相邻椎骨间骨胳生长的材料构成。至少一部分植入体经处理,以促进植入体和相邻椎体间的骨向内生长。
本发明植入体可与脊柱固定装置联用,所述固定装置包括可插入任意脊柱部分的任何装置而不论材料类型,例如但不限于椎体间脊柱植入体、结构性骨移植物、网状物(mesh)、保持架、间隔物、销钉、骨螺钉、板、杆、合成材料的系绳或线、或其它脊柱固定装置。虽然参考具体实施方式描述了本发明,但本领域普通技术人员应理解,本发明可进行各种改进而不背离其精神和范围。在这里预期且要求在本发明精神内的所有这些改变和改进。
本发明涉及的方法包括经椎间孔外科入路植入椎间植入物。提供与本文公开的经椎间孔植入物一致的植入物以实现该方法。该植入物具有大致凸出的前侧壁,大致凹陷的后侧壁,用于接合上椎体的上部,用于接合下椎体的下部,前后侧壁之间的至少部分由射线透过性材料制造的近端,以及前后侧壁间的大致与近端相对的远端。所述远端至少部分地由射线透过性材料制造。
该方法还包括射线成像观察植入物在上和下椎体间的放置。该观察可通过植入物的近端和远端,前侧壁和后侧壁中的一个或多个来实现。一些实施方式中也可采用其它倾斜于所列方向的观察取向。有效的射线成像观察通过中间-侧面和前-后观察路径的本发明实施方式来实现。然而,在本发明的一些实施方式中出现了既能结构性支撑又能提醒外科医生植入物取向的射线不透明材料的选择性放置与这些观察路径的组合。
植入物的射线成像观察放置可包括观察植入物上和下部分间延伸的两个或多个支撑的相对排列。通过观察两个或多个支撑的排列,外科医生可对装置的排列进行校正。
该方法还可包括通过近端和远端,前侧壁和后侧壁中的一个或多个射线成像观察上下椎体间的骨生长。通过提供仅包括骨生长容积和射线透过性材料的植入物的观察路径,骨生长的观察得到强化。
组装经椎间孔椎间植入物的方法包括:提供具有大致凸出的前侧壁,大致凹陷的后侧壁,用于接合上椎体的上部,用于接合下椎体的下部的主体。在一些实施方式中,该主体用射线不透明材料如钛制成。该主体也可由至少具有一些射线成像特性的任何材料制成。
该方法还包括在前后侧壁之间施加一远端。远端的实施方式具有的射线成像特性比主体弱。如本文所用,在前后侧壁之间施加远端可包括:在主体上增加远端以形成前后侧壁中的一个或两者的一部分。
施加远端可以用不同方式实现。远端可环绕一至少部分主体形成。为此,可将远端材料模铸、喷射、或直接模压在至少一部分主体周围。主体可包括作为模型或铸模的一部分,或被包裹在模型或铸模中供施加远端。
施加远端也可包括将材料与至少一部分主体相互连接。相互连接也可包括将材料模铸、喷射、或模压到主体,但不包裹主体。相互连接材料还可涉及通过研磨、模铸、成形、喷射、或模压完全独立于主体形成远端。在远端成形后,通过任何粘接、交错接合方法施加于主体。在一些实施方式中,相互连接可通过将远端的材料弹压入主体来实现。
虽然说明书中详细显示和描述了本发明的实施方式,但这些内容应理解为示例性而非限制性的。认为本发明精神范围内的所有改变和改进都包括在本说明书的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于从经椎间孔外科入路植入的椎间植入物,其包括:
大致凸起的前侧壁;
大致凹陷的后侧壁;
前后侧壁间的近端;
前后侧壁间的大致与近端相对的远端;
接合至前后侧壁供啮合上椎体的上部;和
接合至前后侧壁供啮合下椎体的下部;
其中,植入物包括具有可检测的放射成像特性的第一材料以及射线成像特性的可检测度比第一材料的射线成像特性弱的第二材料。
2.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述远端的至少一部分具有缩小的高度以便于植入物插入到椎体间。
3.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述上部包括骨啮合表面。
4.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述下部包括骨啮合表面。
5.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述椎间植入物与骨生长或骨愈合促进物质组合。
6.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第一材料是钛。
7.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第二材料是PEEK。
8.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第二材料至少部分的是可重吸收的。
9.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述椎间植入物与至少一种脊柱固定植入物组合。
10.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述上部和下部包括至少一个开口。
11.权利要求1所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述上部和下部相互间是非平行的成角关系以提供上下椎体终板间的角度。
12.一种具有横向径、前-后径和下-上垂直径的椎间植入物,该植入物配置为从经椎间孔外科入路植入,植入物包括:
至少部分地由射线成像可见材料制成的第一主体,包括两个或多个在垂直径上提供结构支撑的支撑件,所述第一主体包括至少部分地大致凸出曲面的前侧壁和至少部分地大致凹陷曲面的后侧壁;和
接合到第一主体的第二主体,第二主体至少部分地由射线成像可检测度比第一主体材料弱的材料制成;
其中,当在射线成像下从前、后和侧面中的至少一个方向观察时,两个或多个支撑件相对排列指示了植入物关于垂直轴线的旋转定位。
13.权利要求12所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,沿后侧壁的一个或多个支撑件被配置为,当从植入物后面在射线成像下观察该植入物时阻断了沿前侧壁的一个或多个支撑件的射线成像显影。
14.权利要求12所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,沿后侧壁的一个或多个支撑配置为,当植入物侧面在射线成像下观察该植入物时阻断了植入物对侧面的一个或多个支撑件的射线成像显影。
15.权利要求12所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,沿前侧壁的一个或多个支撑配置为,当从植入物侧面在射线成像下观察该植入物时阻断了植入物对侧面的一个或多个支撑件的射线成像显影。
16.权利要求12所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,靠近植入物第一侧沿的一个或多个支撑配置为,当从植入物侧面在射线成像下观察该植入物时阻断了植入物对侧面的一个或多个支撑件的射线成像显影。
17.权利要求12所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,当从后面在射线成像下观察植入物时,沿后侧壁的一个或多个支撑件与沿前侧壁的一个或多个支撑件之间的一个或多个侧向空间大致等距离。
18.权利要求12所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,当从后面在射线成像下观察植入物时,沿后侧壁的一个或多个支撑件与沿前侧壁的一个或多个支撑件之间的一个或多个侧向空间指示了植入物的旋转定位。
19.权利要求12所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,当从侧面在射线成像下观察植入物时,沿后侧壁的一个或多个支撑件与沿前侧壁的一个或多个支撑件之间的一个或多个前到后空间指示了植入物的旋转定位。
20.权利要求12所述椎间植入物,其特征在于,当从侧面在射线成像下观察植入物时,沿后侧壁的一个或多个支撑件,靠近植入物侧面的一个或多个支撑件,以及沿前侧壁的一个或多个支撑件指示了植入物的旋转定位。
CNA200680035256XA 2005-09-26 2006-09-26 经椎间孔的混合植入物 Pending CN101296669A (zh)

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US7998212B2 (en) 2011-08-16
US8728166B2 (en) 2014-05-20
CN101272750A (zh) 2008-09-24
US20110112643A1 (en) 2011-05-12
CN101272749A (zh) 2008-09-24
EP1951164A1 (en) 2008-08-06
US20140257492A1 (en) 2014-09-11
WO2007038545A1 (en) 2007-04-05

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