CN101272749A - 前侧混合植入体 - Google Patents

前侧混合植入体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101272749A
CN101272749A CNA2006800352540A CN200680035254A CN101272749A CN 101272749 A CN101272749 A CN 101272749A CN A2006800352540 A CNA2006800352540 A CN A2006800352540A CN 200680035254 A CN200680035254 A CN 200680035254A CN 101272749 A CN101272749 A CN 101272749A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
implant
rim
radiophotography
intervertebral
supporters
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Pending
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CNA2006800352540A
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English (en)
Inventor
F·J·施瓦布
A·J·麦尔肯特
B·R·托伦
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Application filed by Warsaw Orthopedic Inc filed Critical Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
Publication of CN101272749A publication Critical patent/CN101272749A/zh
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Abstract

一种由至少两种不同材料构成的植入体(600),它被构造成能通过前侧外科手术路径植入。该植入体可包括具有不同射线可透过性和机械性能的材料。这种混合植入体能够在植入体设置中,包括用于脊柱关节融合术的设置中提供受控的放射成像视图和优化的结构性能。

Description

前侧混合植入体
技术领域
本发明一般涉及医疗植入体及植入方法领域,更具体地涉及适合置于跨过两个相邻椎体之间的盘间隙高度形成的植入空间内以改善该间隙处的疾患、功能障碍或变性的椎体间脊柱植入体,以及任何相关的方法。脊柱植入体可由多种植入材料构成,这些材料具有不同的放射成像透过程度。这些材料可包括骨,并且这些材料可以是重吸收性或非重吸收性的。一些实施方式的植入体被配置成能够放射成像观察操作放置和最终的骨治愈。
背景技术
用于放置到脊柱相邻椎体间的椎间隙内的植入体可具有多种形状和尺寸。这些植入体通常整个地由一种材料构成,但特定植入体之间所用的材料类型可以不同。适用于人体脊柱外科手术的植入体包括完全由金属构成的植入体,例如钛或不锈钢,或由可透射射线的合成材料如碳-碳复合材料或聚-醚-醚-酮(PEEK)构成的植入体。植入体的结构可被设计成,通过允许骨组织穿过和围绕植入体生长以促进相邻椎体间的融合。通过放射成像不透性可实现植入体在椎体间的最佳操作放置。然而,相对射线可透过性植入体材料有利于椎间隙中骨生长与融合的术后评价。虽然这些植入体可包含特性物或射线不透性特性物,它们在结构上并未得益于射线不透性材料。在一些构型中,金属(其中一些是放射图像上不透明的)在植入期间提供了较大的强度和抵冲击性。金属植入体可实现结构元件较小的壁厚度,从而为骨移植物和植入体中的其它试剂提供更大的空间。
由于植入体中希望利用射线可透过性和射线不透性的材料,因而需要具有不同放射成像外观性能的不同结构性材料构成的改良植入体。对于一些植入体来说,希望优化机械性能,同时实现充分的骨填充和骨穿透生长。在一些实施方式中可应用这些特征,从而经放射成像来确定骨植入体的相互作用以及骨生长进入和围绕植入体生长。
发明内容
本发明的实施方式可包括人造椎间脊柱融合植入体,所述植入体由各种射线可透过性和机械性能的结构性材料构成。提供植入体,用于至少部分地插入跨过人体脊柱相邻椎体间盘间隙高度形成的植入空间内。一些实施方式的植入体由至少两个放射成像上不同的成像材料构成:即射线可透过性部分和射线不透性部分。一些实施方式的射线不透性材料被设置成面向椎骨终板,最低程度地妨碍前到后和/或横向侧方向穿过植入体的放射成像观察。植入体的实施方式可包括上部分和下部分,它们被置于椎间隙内以接触和支撑相邻椎体。植入体的上下部分可包括至少一个相互连通的开口,它们被配置成能够容纳骨生长促进材料和/或骨移植物,从而允许骨组织穿过植入体从椎体生长到椎体。本发明的实施方式包括含有至少两种不同材料的人造椎体间脊柱植入体,用于至少部分地插入跨过脊柱相邻椎体间盘间隙高度形成的植入空间内。植入体实施方式可采用在植入体的设计中具有结构性作用的材料,植入体引导端的至少一部分的高度降低以便于所述植入体插入到相邻椎体之间。植入体的最大长度小于且近似于椎体的后到前或右到左长度。一些实施方式还包括至少在上下部分的外表面上形成的用于与相邻椎体啮合的骨啮合面,例如一个或多个凸起、棘齿、销钉、粗糙面或滚花。植入体的实施方式可与骨生长或骨治愈促进性材料联用,这些材料包括但不限于:骨、骨衍生产品、脱矿骨基质、矿化蛋白、骨化蛋白、骨成形细胞分化物质、骨形态发生蛋白、羟基磷灰石以及导致骨生成的基因治疗物质。植入体的实施方式也可与用于治疗感染、肿瘤或其它病理学过程的治疗性物质联用。在本发明的一些实施方式中,一种组成材料相对或绝对射线可透过。在本发明的一些实施方式中,一种组成材料是射线不透性的。植入体的一种组成材料是至少部分地可重吸收的。在一些实施方式中,至少一部分植入体经处理以促进植入体与相邻椎体间的骨向内生长。植入体的实施方式可与至少一种脊柱固定植入体联用。植入体的实施方式可包括内部空腔和至少一个用于与插入装置附连或相互作用的区域,用于将植入体手术放置到椎间隙中或从中取出。一些实施方式的植入体的上下表面可包括多个开口。植入体的实施方式可被设计成能够在第二植入体附近插入相邻椎体的盘间隙内,所述第二植入体可为相同或不同形状。至少一个开口可位于植入体实施方式的前端和尾端之间。植入体实施方式的上下部分或表面可至少部分地相互间大致平行,或者可被构造成相互间成一定角度以适应相邻椎体相互间的角度关系。
本发明的另一个实施方式是用于促进下椎体与上椎体间的融合的大致圆形外形的椎间植入体。该实施方式包括:围绕植入体外周的第一缘边,所述第一轮边具有可检测的放射成像特性;和联接于第一缘边的元件。所述元件的发生成像特性比第一缘边弱,所述元件增加了第一缘边的椎骨间隔高度。
本发明的又一个实施方式是将椎间植入体从前侧外科手术路径植入的方法。该方法包括提供具有以下结构的植入体:围绕植入体外周的第一缘边,第一缘边具有可检测的放射成像特性;和联接于第一缘边的元件。该元件的放射成像特性比第一缘边弱,元件增加了第一缘边的椎骨间隔高度。该方法还包括:通过一个或多个前到后放射成像角度或横向侧放射成像角度来放射成像观察植入体在上下椎体间的放置。该方法还包括:通过一个或多个前到后放射成像角度或横向侧放射成像角度来放射成像观察上下椎体间的骨生长。
本发明的又一个实施方式的椎间植入体的组装方法。提供用于该方法的植入体,该植入体包括:围绕植入体外周的第一缘边,第一缘边具有可检测的放射成像特性,联接于第一缘边的支持件,支持件具有可检测的放射成像特性,和联接于支持件的第二缘边,第二缘边具有可检测的放射成像特性。该方法还包括将一元件施加到第一缘边和第二缘边之间,所述元件的放射成像特性比第一缘边弱。
附图说明
图1是腰椎中两个相邻椎体的侧视图,跨过脊柱盘间隙高度形成植入空间。
图2是腰椎中椎体的俯视图,通过后侧路径形成植入空间。
图3是图2所示植入空间的立体图。
图4是通过前侧路径形成植入空间的立体图。
图5是腰椎中椎体的俯视图,一个实施方式的植入体位于图2所示的植入空间中。
图6是两个相邻椎体的侧视图,图5所示植入体通过后侧路径位于图2所示的植入空间中。
图7是两个相邻椎体的侧视图,植入体通过前侧路径位于图2所示的植入空间中。
图8是图5所示植入体的俯视图。
图9是图5所示植入体的后视立体图。
图10是图5所示植入体的侧视图。
图11是图5所示植入体的后视图。
图12是用于图2所示植入空间中的另一个实施方式的植入体的后视立体图。
图13是图12所示植入体的后视图。
图14是图12所示植入体的侧视图。
图15是适用于前侧放置到颈部或腰部椎体间盘间隙内的一个实施方式的植入体的后视图。
图16是图15所示植入体的俯视图。
图17是图15所示植入体的侧视图。
图18是一个实施方式的植入体的立体图。
图19是图18所示植入体中选定元件的视图。
图20是一个实施方式的植入体的分解立体图。
图21A、21B和21C分别是本发明一个实施方式的元件平面图(轴向)、侧视图(侧向)和后视图。
图22A、22B和22C分别是本发明一个实施方式的元件平面图(轴向)、侧视图(侧向)和后视图。
图23A、23B和23C分别是本发明一个实施方式的元件平面图(轴向)、侧视图(侧向)和后视图。
图24A、24B和24C分别是本发明一个实施方式的元件平面图(轴向)、侧视图(侧向)和后视图。
图25A、25B和25C分别是本发明一个实施方式的元件平面图(轴向)、侧视图(侧向)和后视图。
具体实施方式
下面的描述是为了示意而不是限制性的,根据这些内容可进行许多变化,这些变化形式也包括在本发明的范围内。现在具体参考本发明的实施方式,这些实施方式的例子在附图中显示。可能的话,所有附图中相同的附图标记用于表示相同或类似的部件。
图1-3显示了跨过腰椎中椎体V之间的椎间盘D的高度形成的植入空间100。在其它实施方式中,椎体可以是颈椎或胸椎的椎体。应理解,存在许多方法,并且可采用任何适合该目的的方法和器械来制备所需的植入空间并清除椎间盘和软组织,从而适于接纳本发明的植入体。还应理解,植入空间的制备通常在植入体设置之前保留了残余的盘物质D。
图3显示了通过部分清除椎体V附近的盘和软组织制备得到的植入空间100。图3中的制备为后侧腰部外科手术路径,显示了从后侧进入盘间隙内的开口O。开口O也可以是经椎间孔或倾斜的外科手术路径制备的。还显示了椎弓根的残余部分P。
图4显示了通过部分清除椎体V附近的盘和软组织制备得到的植入空间100。图4中的制备为前侧外科手术路径,显示了从前侧进入盘间隙内。该图示可反映颈椎、胸椎或腰椎的椎间隙制备的进口E。
图5显示了根据本发明的实施方式、位于植入空间100内的单侧植入体200。显示骨移植物材料BG在单侧植入体200的前侧,并且在单侧植入体200的中央空穴210中。
图6显示了位于植入空间100内的单侧植入体200。显示骨移植物材料BG在单侧植入体200的前侧但在残余盘物质D的后侧,并且在单侧植入体200的中央空穴210中。
图7显示了位于植入空间100内的单侧植入体400。显示骨移植物材料BG在单侧植入体400的空穴480内。
图8显示了单侧植入体200,它具有前侧202和后侧204。显示了中央空穴210。横向支持结构220、220’从植入体的前侧202延伸到后侧204。在单侧植入体200的横向侧显示了射线透性模块240、240’,各自具有中央空穴242、242’。
图9显示了图8所述的单侧植入体200。后侧立体图显示了中央空腔210,射线可透过性模块240、240’和后支撑柱222、222’和从植入体的下侧260延伸到上侧264的支撑柱222、222’。
图10从侧视图的角度显示了图8所述的单侧植入体200。显示射线可透过性模块240位于植入体的上侧264和下侧260之间。显示了在上侧264和下侧260之间的后支撑柱222和前支撑柱223。在侧投影中,可注意到植入体的前侧202和后侧204。
图11显示了没有射线可透过性模块240、240’的图8和9所述植入体的后视图,以显示放射成像外观。
由于该实施方式中所用材料的射线不透性,放射图像上仅显示了在植入体的下侧260和上侧264间延伸的后支撑柱222、222’。当从后侧直接通过放射成像观察单侧植入体200时,前支撑柱223、223’隐藏在后支撑柱222、222’的后面。
图12显示了本发明另一个实施方式的中央支撑植入体300的后侧立体图。可注意到中央容积310、射线可透过性横向模块340、340’以及前支持结构324和后支持结构322。
图13显示了没有射线可透过性横向模块340、340’的图12所述植入体的后视图,以显示放射成像外观。由于该实施方式所用材料的射线不透性,放射图像上仅显示了在植入体的下侧360与上侧364间延伸的后支持结构322,后支持结构322在此图中与在图12中可见的前支持结构324重叠。
图14显示了图12所示中央支撑植入体300的侧视图。显示射线可透过性横向模块340位于植入体的上侧364与下侧360之间。该侧投影中,示出了植入体的前支持结构324和后支持结构322。
图15显示了前侧植入体400。在一些实施方式中,前侧植入体400可通过前侧外科手术路径设置。然而,前侧植入体400也可通过其它外科手术路径设置,例如但不限于前侧-倾斜路径或横向路径。显示由射线可透过性材料构成的大的中央支柱410横跨植入体。上缘边420和下缘边422附连于中央支柱410,并通过支持结构440、442、444、446相互连接。示出了穿过植入体侧面的开口450、452、454、456。这些开口允许骨组织生长穿过和进入前侧植入体400,但本发明并不限于此。
图16显示了图15所述前侧植入体400的俯视图。可注意到大的中央支柱410。显示前侧植入体400内在支柱410的两侧具有两个空穴480、480’。这些空穴允许骨组织穿过和进入前侧植入体400,但本发明并不限于此。
图17显示了图15和16所示前侧植入体400的侧视图。显示了上缘边420和下缘边422,以及中央支柱410的侧视图。由于中央支柱410的射线可透过性,在放射成像视图上仅示出了上缘边420和下缘边422以及射线不透性支持结构440、442。侧视图中,由于支持结构440、442而使图15所示其它两个支持结构444、446被遮挡。而且,上缘边420和下缘边422间的角度有利于前侧植入体400插入到两个相邻椎体之间和控制矢状面椎间对准。
图18显示了植入体的另一实施例,它被设计成主要用于从前侧外科手术路径植入。所示开放式前侧植入体600是具有大致圆形外形的植入体,以促进下椎体和上椎体间的融合。本发明考虑了许多大致圆形形状。例如但不限于,外形可以是圆形、椭圆形、椎体皮质缘的形状、肾截面的一般形状、或具有连接大致圆形端直边的跑道的一般形状,
第一缘边620围绕开放式前侧植入体600的外周,第一缘边620具有可检测的放射成像特性。本文所用术语放射成像特性(radiographic signature)指放射成像装置上形成的显像性。例如,射线可透过性模块在放射图像上模糊到不能识别,因此认为其放射成像特性比射线不透性金属如钛要弱。
所示第一缘边620具有大致均一的宽度。在其它实施方式中,第一缘边620的宽度可不同以改善与植入体其它部分或协作的植入体的啮合,或者宽度不同以更好地适应解剖学匹配。显示第一缘边620围绕外周连续。一些实施方式包括仅在植入体外周选定部分间延伸的缘边。
图18所示第一缘边620包括多个凸起665,它们被构造成面对相邻的椎体并与椎体啮合。在第一缘边620由金属材料构成的实施方式中,宜形成凸起665。金属齿、凸起和其它表面特征较坚固且能够更有效削尖以更好地啮合骨组织表面。在一些实施方式中,第一缘边620由钛、生物相容的射线不透性材料构成。
图18还显示了联接第一缘边620的元件,该元件具体表现为第一区段610。在一些实施方式中,第一区段610的放射成像特性比第一缘边620要弱。第一区段610可由射线可透过性材料如PEEK或任何其它生物相容的材料构成,其放射成像性弱于第一缘边620。如图所示,在第一缘边620上增加第一区段610提高了开放式前侧植入体600提供的间隔高度。
图20显示了本发明另一个元件的实施方式,包括管状元件612。管状元件612围绕植入体的外周连续。管状元件612也可与第一缘边620相匹配。图18和19所示的第一区段610具有弦长C1。本发明实施方式的弦长C1小于第一缘边620平均外径长度的90%。在一些更特定的实施方式中,弦长C1小于第一轮边620平均外径长度的三分之二。图18和19还显示了第二区段611,第二区段611大致在开放式前侧植入体600第一区段610的相对侧。
在一些实施方式中,第一区段610被构造成设置在植入体的前侧。在其它实施方式中,第一区段610被构造成设置在植入体的后侧。在另一些实施方式中,第一区段610被构造成设置在植入体的横向侧。结合第一区段610的任何设置方式,第二区段611可被构造成设置在第一区段610附近或与在第一区段610的相对侧。
图18和20显示了第二缘边,它被构造成分别联接第一和第二区段610、611及管状元件612。第二缘边622可围绕开放式前侧植入体600的外周联接,第二缘边622具有可检测的放射成像特性。所示第二缘边622具有大致均一的宽度。在其它实施方式中,第二缘边622的宽度可不同以改善与植入体其它部分或协同植入体的啮合,或者宽度不同以更好地适应解剖学匹配。所示第二缘边622围绕外周连续。
图18所示第二缘边622包括凸起665,凸起665被构造成面向相对椎体并与椎体啮合。在第二缘边622由金属材料构成的实施方式中,宜形成凸起665。金属齿、凸起和其它表面特征较坚固且能够更有效削尖以更好地啮合骨组织表面。在一些实施方式中,第二缘边622由钛、生物相容的射线不透性材料构成。
如图18和20所示,所示的第一和第二区段610、611及管状元件612与第一和第二缘边620、622的前侧、后侧、和横向侧尺寸大致相同。然而,在一些实施方式中,第一和第二区段610、611及管状元件612可延伸超出第一和第二缘边620、622的范围,包封至少一部分的第一和第二缘边620、622。
在一些实施方式中,通过组装两个或多个各种协作缘边、支持件和元件来形成多种尺寸和构型和的植入体。本发明的一个实施方式包括各种尺寸的缘边、支持件和元件的套件,它们由外科医生、产品零售商、其它使用者和批发商进行组装。
包括但不限于第一和第二区段610、611及管状元件612的元件,也可至少部分地由比缘边和支持件的弹性模量低的材料构成。在一些情况下,可能希望弹性模量更接近骨的弹性模量,或至少稍微降低植入体的刚性。
图21A-25C是本发明实施方式的植入体的各种构型的简单图示。图21A是与轴向放射图像相一致的平面图。图21B是与侧向放射图像相一致的侧视图。
图21C是与后-前的放射图像相一致的后视图。
图21A-25C中所示的植入体各自在适当时,可表现为上缘边20、下缘边22、后支持件40、46、前支持件44、42和侧向支持件25、26。各个支持件在这里表现为圆柱形元件。然而,它们也可以是任何需要的构型,例如但不限于矩形、方形、圆形、椭圆形、多角形或沿其长度截面变化的形状。图21A-25C中未显示如上所述的放射成像性较弱或射线可透过的元件,例如中央支柱410、第一区段610、第二区段611和管状元件612,但所示各个植入体考虑了任何尺寸和构型的元件。虽然图21A-25C中未显示脊柱前凸和脊柱后凸校正的角度,但各个实施方式中考虑了这种角度。
图21A-23C和25A-25C将进一步描述两个或多个支持件间相对排列之间的关系,如前侧、后侧和横向侧中至少一个角度放射成像所示,以及植入体围绕垂直轴的转动位置。将为取向目的所得垂直轴视作垂直,如后视图所示。
图21A-21C显示了后半部分植入体中的支持件40、46,它们被构造成当从植入体后侧放射成像观察植入体时,能够阻断植入体前半部分中支持件42、44的放射成像。
图21A-21C还显示了植入体后半部分中的支持件40和植入体前半部分中的支持件42,支持件40被构造成当从植入体的横向侧放射成像观察植入体时可阻断在植入体对侧上支持件46的放射成像,而支持件42被构造成当从植入体的横向侧放射成像观察植入体时可阻断植入体对侧上支持件44的放射成像。
图22A-22C显示了植入体后半部分中的支持件25,支持件25被构造成当从植入体的横向侧放射成像观察植入体时可阻断在植入体对侧上支持件26的放射成像。如本文所用,后半部分包括前半部分和后半部分的中心线。如图22C所示,当植入体从后侧放射成像时,支持件25、26间的横向侧空间指示了植入体的转动位置。此外,从后侧观察,支持件25、26与上缘边20末端对齐指示了植入体的转动位置。
图23A-23C显示了植入体后半部分中的支持件40,支持件40被构造成当从植入体的后侧放射成像观察植入体时可阻断在植入体前半部分中支持件42的放射成像。
从横向侧放射成像观察植入体时,植入体后半部分中的支持件40与植入体前半部分中的植入体42之间的前-后空间指示了植入体的转动位置。此外,当从横向侧观察时,支持件40、42与上缘边20末端对齐指示了植入体的转动位置。
图24A-24C显示了植入体,其上缘边20和下缘边22透过一个或多个较弱的放射成像可检测的或放射透过性元件相互偶联。
图25A-25C显示了植入体,当植入体从后侧放射成像观察时,植入体后半部分中的支持件40与植入体前半部分中的支持件42、44之间的横向侧空间S1、S2基本上等距离。图25A-25C还显示了植入体前半部分中的支持件42,它被构造成当从植入体横向侧放射成像观察植入体时可阻断植入体对侧上支持件44的放射成像。
虽然所述植入体主要用于脊柱融合,应理解它们被经改良或配置成内部能够接纳融合促进性物质和/或材料,例如但不限于松质骨、骨衍生产品、化疗剂、抗微生物剂等。在一些实施方式中,植入体由以下材料构成,例如但不限于:钛及其合金、ASTM材料、钴铬、钽、陶瓷、聚-醚-醚-酮(PEEK)、各种塑料、塑料复合材料、碳纤维复合材料、珊瑚,并可包括至少部分地可生物重吸收的人工材料。植入体所用结构性材料的放射成像外观具有各种性质,从而实现植入体设置、植入体-骨界面和/或骨生长进入和贯穿生长的最佳观察。
虽然上述说明揭示了植入体上下表面的各种关系,平行或不平行,但应注意表面间的轻度倾斜也是可能的。这样,植入脊柱后,这些植入体允许相邻椎体相互间以倾斜关系定位,从而恢复脊柱的自然曲率,例如脊柱前凸等。还应注意,植入体的形状也可以显著变化,包括但不限于:肾形、圆形、楔形、圆柱形、梯形、矩形、长方形和椭圆形。
外表面可具有螺纹或特定的不均匀性,以便于插入或锚定到周围组织或骨中。在本发明任一实施方式中,植入体可包括、由以下材料构成,处理、涂覆、填充或联用适合植入人体脊柱的人造或天然产生的材料和/或物质、或者也可具有空腔或开口以容纳这些材料和/或物质。这些材料和/或物质包括以下任一来源:骨发生、骨生长促进性材料、骨、骨衍生物质或产品、脱矿骨基质、矿化蛋白、骨化蛋白、骨形态发生蛋白、羟基磷灰石、用于生成骨的基因编码,骨包括但不限于皮质骨、抗生素、癌症治疗物质、感染治疗物质或其它疾病治疗物质。这些植入体至少部分地包括体内可生物重吸收和/或可重吸收的材料。本发明的植入体可由多孔材料形成,或者由固有参与相邻椎骨间骨胳生长的材料构成。至少一部分植入体经处理,以促进植入体和相邻椎体间的骨向内生长。
本发明植入体可与脊柱固定装置联用,所述固定装置包括可插入任意脊柱部分的任何装置而不论材料类型,例如但不限于椎体间脊柱植入体、结构性骨移植物、网状物(mesh)、保持架、间隔物、销钉、骨螺钉、板、杆、合成材料的系绳或线、或其它脊柱固定装置。虽然参考具体实施方式描述了本发明,但本领域普通技术人员应理解,本发明可进行各种改进而不背离其精神和范围。在这里预期且要求在本发明精神内的所有这些改变和改进。
本发明的方法包括将椎间植入体从前侧外科手术路径植入。提供了包括以下结构的植入体:围绕植入体外周的第一缘边,第一缘边具有可检测的放射成像特性;和与第一缘边联接的元件,该元件的放射成像特性比第一缘边弱。所述元件增加了第一联用的椎骨间距高度。本发明方法的实施方式中也考虑了具有合适的放射成像特征其它植入体。
该方法还包括放射成像观察植入体在上下椎体间的放置。所述观察可通过沿一个或多个前-后放射成像角度和横向侧放射成像角度俘获放射图像来实现。在一些实施方式中,这些放射图像从任何侧方向观察,并不限于正后方、前侧和正横向侧,而是包括偏离这些方向的倾斜角度。本发明实施方式中有效的放射成像观察提供了中间-横向侧以及前-后的观察途径。然而,在本发明的一些实施方式中,与上述观察途径联合采用选择性设置射线不透性材料,在提供结构性支撑的同时可通知外科医生植入体的取向。
放射成像观察设置植入体可包括:观察在植入体上下部分间延伸的两个或多个支持件的相对排列。通过观察联接第一缘边的两个或多个支持件的相对排列,可确定植入体的取向。
该方法还包括:通过沿一个或多个前-后放射成像角度和横向侧放射成像角度俘获放射图像来放射成像地观察上下椎体间的骨生长。在一些实施方式中,所述放射成像包括从任意侧向观察,并不限于正后方、前侧和横向侧,而是包括偏离这些方向的倾斜角度。通过仅包含骨生长体积和射线可透过性材料的植入体设置的观察路径可以改善骨生长的观察。
椎间植入体的组装方法包括:提供植入体,该植入体具有:围绕植入体外周的第一缘边,所述第一轮边具有可检测的放射成像特性;联接于第一缘边的支持件,所述支持件具有可检测的放射成像特性;以及联接于植入体的第二缘边,所述第二缘边具有可检测的放射成像特性。
方法的实施方式包括在第一缘边和第二缘边之间施加一元件。该元件的实施方式具有比第一缘边弱的放射成像特性。例如,该元件可以是射线可透过性材料,例如PEEK。如本文所示,元件可包括一个或多个中央支柱410、第一区段610、第二区段611或管状元件612。
元件的施加可通过多种方式完成。可围绕第一缘边、第二缘边、支持件之一的至少一部分形成远端。为此,可将元件材料铸造、注塑、或直接模塑到第一缘边、第二缘边和支持件之一的至少一部分周围。主体可包括作为模具或铸件的一部分,或者可包封在模具或铸件内以施加到第一缘边、第二缘边和支持件之一的一部分上。
施加元件还可包括:使材料与第一缘边、第二缘边和支持件中至少一个的至少一部分互连。互连也可包括:铸造、注塑、或模塑材料,但不包封第一缘边、第二缘边和支持件中至少一个的一部分。互连材料还涉及通过研磨、铸造、成形、注塑或模塑形成完全独立于第一缘边、第二缘边和支持件的元件。形成元件之后,通过粘合、交错接合或互连等任意方法使其施加到主体上。在一些实施方式中,通过使元件材料咬合在第一缘边、第二缘边和支持件之间来实现互连。
虽然说明书中详细显示和描述了本发明的实施方式,但这些内容应理解为示例性而非限制性的。认为本发明精神范围内的所有改变和改进都包括在本说明书的范围内。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于促进下椎体与上椎体间的融合的具有大致圆形的外形的椎间植入体,所述植入体包括:
围绕植入体外周的第一缘边,所述第一缘边具有可检测的放射成像特性;
联接于第一缘边的元件,所述元件的放射成像特性比第一缘边弱;
其中,所述元件增加了第一缘边的椎骨间距高度。
2.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述大致圆形的外形是圆形、椭圆形、椎体皮质缘形状、肾形或跑道形状中至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一缘边具有大致均一的宽度。
4.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一缘边是围绕外周连续的。
5.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一缘边包含面向相邻椎体以啮合椎体的凸起。
6.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一缘边由生物相容性金属构成。
7.如权利要求6所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一缘边由钛构成。
8.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述元件是围绕外周连续的。
9.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述元件是第一区段,其弦长小于第一缘边平均外径的90%。
10.如权利要求9所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述元件是第一区段,其弦长小于第一缘边平均外径的三分之二。
11.如权利要求9所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述植入体还包括基本上在所述第一区段的相对侧的第二区段。
12.如权利要求9所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一区段位于植入体的前侧。
13.如权利要求9所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一区段位于植入体的后侧。
14.如权利要求9所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一区段位于植入体的横向侧。
15.如权利要求11所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述第一区段位于植入体的前侧,所述第二区段位于植入体的后侧。
16.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述植入体还包括基本上在第一缘边的相对侧位置的联接于所述元件的第二缘边。
17.如权利要求16所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,所述植入体还包括联接在第一缘边和第二缘边之间的支持件。
18.如权利要求17所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,植入体后半部分中的一个或多个支持件被构造成当从植入体后侧放射成像观察植入体时能够阻断植入体前半部分中一个或多个支持件的放射成像观察。
19.如权利要求17所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,植入体后半部分中的一个或多个支持件被构造成当从植入体的横向侧放射成像观察植入体时能够阻断植入体对侧上的一个或多个支持件的放射成像观察。
20.如权利要求17所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,植入体前半部分中的一个或多个支持件被构造成当从植入体横向侧放射成像观察植入体时能够阻断植入体对侧上的一个或多个支持件的放射成像观察。
21.如权利要求17所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,当从后侧放射成像观察植入体时,植入体后半部分中的一个或多个支持件与植入体前半部分中的一个或多个支持件之间的一个或多个横向侧空间基本上等距离。
22.如权利要求17所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,当从后侧放射成像观察植入体时,植入体后半部分中的一个或多个支持件与植入体前半部分中的一个或多个支持件之间的一个或多个侧向空间指示了植入体的转动位置。
23.如权利要求17所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,当从横向侧放射成像观察植入体时,植入体后半部分中的一个或多个支持件与植入体前半部分中的一个或多个支持件之间的一个或多个前-后空间指示了植入体的转动位置。
24.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入体,其特征在于,植入体的前侧部分高于植入体的后侧部分,以助于恢复上下椎体间的脊柱前凸曲率。
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