CN101243699B - 蜂窝系统中的自适应扇区化 - Google Patents

蜂窝系统中的自适应扇区化 Download PDF

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CN101243699B
CN101243699B CN200680029598.0A CN200680029598A CN101243699B CN 101243699 B CN101243699 B CN 101243699B CN 200680029598 A CN200680029598 A CN 200680029598A CN 101243699 B CN101243699 B CN 101243699B
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user equipment
cluster
narrow
wave beam
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CN101243699A (zh
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D·A·高尔
A·格洛科夫
H·萨姆帕斯
T·吉
T·卡多斯
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality

Abstract

描述了使用波束成形传输来增强无线通信系统中性能的装置和方法。根据一个方面，定义了一组同时提供空分复用、多输入多输出(MIMO)传输和机会波束成形的发射波束。宽波束的增添保证了所有用户设备的最小可接受性能。

Description

蜂窝系统中的自适应扇区化
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35 U.S.C.§119的优先权要求
本专利申请要求提交于2005年6月16日并转让给其受让人的临时申请No.60/691,716号的优先权，该申请通过援引被明确地包括于此。
专利共审待批申请的引用
本专利申请涉及以下共审待批的美国专利申请：
与本申请同时提交并转让给其受让人的代理人案号为No.051010的“ChannelQuality Reporting For Adaptive Sectorization(自适应扇区化的信道质量报告)”，该申请通过援引被明确包括于此；以及
与本申请同时提交并转让给其受让人的代理人案号为No.051224的“PRECODINGAND SDMA SUPPORT(预编码和SDMA支持)”，该申请通过援引被明确包括于此。
与本申请同时提交并转让给其受让人的代理人案号为No.060031的“SDMAResource Management(SDMA资源管理)”，该申请通过援引被明确包括于此。
与本申请同时提交并转让给其受让人的代理人案号为No.060081的“MobileWireless Access System(移动无线接入系统)”，该申请通过援引被明确包括于此。
背景
领域
以下描述一般涉及无线通信，尤其涉及无线通信系统的灵活的通信方案。
背景
无线联网系统已经成为供世界各地的大多数人通信的普通手段。无线通信设备已变得更小且更强大以迎合消费者需求和改善便携性和便利性。消费者已发现诸如蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)等无线通信设备的许多用途需要可靠的服务和经扩展的覆盖区。
无线通信系统的性能可通过使用波束成形(beamformed)传输从基站向移动设备传送来增强。位于基站处的多个发射天线可被用来形成波束成形传输。波束成形传输利用通常比使用单个发射天线的传输覆盖更窄区域的“波束”。然而，在这些由波束所覆盖的区域内信噪干扰比(SINR)得到增强。扇区未被波束覆盖的部分被称为零信号区(nullregion)。位于该零信号区内的移动设备将具有极低的SINR，从而导致降低的性能以及可能的数据丢失。通信系统可使用动态地将波束对准特定用户设备的波束控制。在波束控制期间，波束随着用户设备改变位置进行重新定向。
典型无线通信网络(例如，采用频分、时分、以及码分技术)包括提供覆盖区的一个或多个基站和可在该覆盖区内发送和接收数据的一个或多个移动(例如，无线)用户设备。典型基站可针对广播、多播、和单播服务同时发送多个数据流，其中一数据流可以是一用户设备有兴趣独立接收的数据的流。该基站的覆盖区内的用户设备可以有意接收由该混合流承载的一个、多个或所有数据流。类似地，用户设备可向该基站或另一用户设备发送数据。基站与用户设备之间或数个用户设备之间的这种通信可能会由于信道变化和/或干扰功率变化而退化。例如，上述变化可能影响针对一个或多个用户设备的基站调度、功率控制和/或速率预测。
常规网络固定波束成形传输导致零信号区，从而降低了网络可靠性、稳健性和覆盖区。因此，本领域中需要有一种用于改进的波束成形传输覆盖的系统和/或方法。
概要
以下内容呈现了一个或多个实施例的简化概要以提供对这些实施例的基本理解。本概要不是所有可预想实施例的详尽概述，也无意标识所有实施例的重要或关键元素或刻划任何或所有实施例的范围。其唯一目的是以简化形式呈现一个或多个实施例的一些概念以作为稍后呈现的更具体的描述的前序。
根据一个或多个实施例及其相应公开，描述了与使用波束成形传输增强无线通信系统中的性能相关联的各个方面。根据一个方面，定义了一组同时提供空分复用、多输入多输出(MIMO)传输和机会波束成形的发射波束。宽波束的增添为所有用户设备确保了最小可接受性能。
为此，这里描述了一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的方法，其中该方法可包括确定用户的信道信息并将用户设备指派到预定的至少一个窄波束或宽波束中的至少一个。另外，该方法可包括在同一时间段期间将另一用户设备指派到上述至少一个预定的至少一个窄波束和宽波束中与该用户设备的波束不同但至少有一些重叠频率的一波束。此外，该至少一个预定的窄波束包括一窄波束簇和另一窄波束簇，其中该簇和该另一簇并不重叠。本方法还包括基于该用户设备的通信的模式修改上述至少一个预定的至少一个窄波束的方向或者基于信道质量指标将该用户设备从上述预定的至少一个窄波束重新指派至宽波束。
根据另一方面，一种无线通信装置可包括：存储器，存储与至少一个预定的至少一个窄波束和至少一个宽波束相关的信息；以及处理器，被耦合至该存储器，该处理器将用户设备指派至上述预定的至少一个窄波束和宽波束中的至少一个。该处理器可基于空分复用、MIMO或机会波束成形技术调度用户设备的通信。另外，该处理器可使用循环延迟分集方案来生成宽波束并在该宽波束上发射广播控制传输。此外，该装置可包括：第一天线簇，第一窄波束簇采用该第一天线簇；以及第二天线簇，第二窄波束簇利用该第二天线簇，其中该第一和第二窄波束簇并不重叠。
根据另一方面，一种用于增强无线通信环境中系统性能的装置包括：用于生成预定的至少一个窄波束的装置；用于生成宽波束的装置；以及用于将用户设备指派至预定的至少一个窄波束和宽波束中的至少一个的装置。另外，该装置还包括用于基于空分复用、MIMO或机会波束成形调度技术来调度用户设备的通信的装置。
另外一方面涉及一种其上存储有用于以下动作的计算机可执行指令的计算机可读介质：生成预定的至少一个窄波束；生成宽波束；以及将用户设备指派至上述预定的至少一个窄波束和宽波束中的至少一个。此外，该介质可包括用于基于空分复用、MIMO或机会波束成形调度技术来调度用户设备的通信的指令。
又一方面涉及一种执行用于增强多址无线通信环境中系统性能的指令的处理器，该指令包括：生成预定的至少一个窄波束；生成宽波束；以及将用户设备指派至预定的至少一个窄波束和宽波束中的至少一个。另外，该处理器可执行包括用于基于空分复用、多输入多输出(MIMO)或机会波束成形调度技术来调度所述用户设备的通信的指令。
另一方面阐述了一种有助于无线网络上的通信的移动设备，包括：生成预定的至少一个窄波束的组件；生成宽波束的组件；以及将用户设备指派至上述预定的至少一个窄波束和宽波束中的至少一个的组件。
为了实现上述和相关目的，一个或多个实施例包括此后全面描述并在权利要求中特别指出的特征。以下描述和附图具体阐述了这一个或多个实施例的示例性方面。然而这些方面仅指示可采用各实施例的原理的各种方式中的少量部分，所述实施例旨在包括所有这些方面及其等效方案。
附图简述
图1示出了根据在此呈现的各个实施例的无线通信系统中的波束图。
图2是根据在此呈现的一个或多个实施例的无线通信系统的示图。
图3是根据在此呈现的一个或多个实施例的无线通信系统的示图。
图4是根据在此呈现的各个实施例的无线通信系统的波束图。
图5是根据在此呈现的各个实施例的无线通信系统的波束图。
图6示出了根据在此呈现的一个或多个方面的用于将用户设备指派至发射波束的一种方法。
图7示出了根据在此呈现的一个或多个方面的用于将用户设备指派至发射波束的一种方法。
图8是根据各方面利用波束成形来增加无线通信环境中系统容量的一种系统的示图。
图9是根据各方面利用波束成形来增加无线通信环境中系统容量的一种系统的示图。
图10是可与在此所述的各个系统和方法一起使用的无线通信环境的示图。
具体描述
现在参照通篇使用相同附图标记表示相同要素的附图对各实施例进行描述。在以下描述中，出于解释的目的，对许多具体细节进行了阐述以提供对一个或多个实施例的透彻理解。然而，显然，也可在没有这些具体细节的情况下来实践这些实施例。在其它实例中，以框图形式示出公知结构和设备以便于描述一个或多个实施例。
此外，这里是结合用户设备来对各实施例进行描述的。用户设备还可以被称为系统、订户单元、订户站、移动站、移动设备、远程站、接入点、基站、远程终端、接入终端、用户终端、终端、用户代理、或用户装备。用户设备可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话发起协议(SIP)电话、无线本地环路(WLL)站、PDA、具有无线连接能力的手持式通信或计算设备、智能电话、卫星无线电设备、全球定位系统、膝上型设备、或连接至无线调制解调器的其它处理设备。
此外，这里所述的各个方面和特征可以被实现为方法、装置、或使用标准编程和/或工程技术的制品。如在此所用的术语“制品”旨在包括可从任何计算机可读设备、载体、或介质访问的计算机程序。例如，计算机可读介质可包括，但并不限于，磁存储设备(例如，硬盘、软盘、磁条...)、光盘(例如，压缩盘(CD)、数字多功能盘(DVD)...)、智能卡、以及闪存设备(例如，卡、棒、键驱动器...)。
无线通信系统可包括与一个或多个用户设备联系的一个或多个基站。每个基站提供对多个扇区的覆盖。在与用户设备的通信中，基站的发射天线可利用波束成形技术来改善用于不同移动设备的前向链路的信噪比。前向链路(或下行链路)是指从基站到移动设备的通信链路，而反向链路(或上行链路)是指从移动设备到基站的通信链路。另外，使用波束成形向随机分散在其覆盖区内的移动设备发射的基站使得对相邻小区/扇区中的移动设备的干扰比通过单个天线向其覆盖区内的所有移动设备发射所造成干扰小。一般而言，由多个发射天线生成的波束比单个天线的覆盖区更窄。虽然在波束所覆盖的区域中的用户设备体验到增强的SINR，但零信号区内的用户设备体验到较低的SINR，从而可能导致数据丢失。一般而言，零信号区中的用户设备比原本利用单个发射天线发射的情况下的性能更差。
虽然本公开将波束成形作为一种工作模式来讨论，但本公开及其内容基本可应用于经预编码的或波束成形的传输。这可以通过例如利用为其调度了一用户的固定或预定矩阵或向量来执行。
图1示出了根据在此呈现的一个或多个实施例的用在无线通信系统中的波束图100。基站发射天线可生成可被用来共享时-频资源的波束(例如，波束图)。可周期性地或基于用户设备与基站之间通信的模式来不时地调整波束图。基站102上的多个天线可将用户指派在对应扇区108的第一预定的至少一个窄波束104上或第二预定的至少一个窄波束106上。如在此所用的窄波束指示在对传输进行预编码或波束控制的情形中有一个或多个主向量。为了简明起见，所示波束的数目已被限为2个。然而，也可生成附加的固定波束。波束可以是大体正交的，如图1所示，或者波束的覆盖区可以重叠。用户U1和U2分别位于波束106和104的覆盖区内。因此，用户U1和U2体验到增强的SINR，和/或与用户在波束控制系统中体验到的益处相类似的其它信道条件。相反，用户U3和U4将体验极低的SNR和/或其它信道条件，因为他们位于波束106和104的零信号区内。实际上，用户U3和U4的性能可能比在原本利用单个发射天线的情形中还要差。
使用窄波束所固有的问题可通过生成非定向的或对该扇区所可能的最大部分定向的另一波束图来减轻。在一个或多个实施例中，生成了附加宽波束110。宽波束110提供了对该扇区的包括未被窄波束104和106覆盖的零信号区的相当大部分的覆盖。宽波束110为用户U3和U4提供了有保证的最低性能水平。
现在参照图2，示出了根据在此呈现的各实施例的无线通信系统200。系统200可包括在一个或多个扇区中的一个或多个基站202，这些基站相互和/或对一个或多个移动设备204接收、发射、中继无线通信信号。每个基站202可包括例如每个发射和接收天线一个的多个发射机链和接收机链，其中每个又包括与信号发射和接收相关联的多个组件(例如，处理器、调制器、复用器、解调器、解复用器、天线等)。移动设备204可以是例如蜂窝电话、智能电话、膝上型设备、手持式通信设备、手持式计算设备、卫星无线电设备、全球定位系统、PDA、和/或在无线系统200上通信的任何其它合适设备。
现在参照图3，示出了根据一个或多个实施例的多址(multiple access)无线通信系统300。3扇区基站302包括多个天线组，其中一组包括天线304和306，另一组包括天线308和310，以及第三组包括天线312和314。根据该图，每个天线组仅示出了两个天线，但每个天线组可利用更多或更少的天线。通常，波束成形技术要求多个发射天线发射波束。移动设备316与天线312和314通信，其中天线312和314通过前向链路320向移动设备316发送信息并通过反向链路318从移动设备316接收信息。移动设备322与天线304和306通信，其中天线304和306通过前向链路326向移动设备322发送信息并通过反向链路324从移动设备322接收信息。
被指定在其中通信的每个天线组和/或区域可被称为基站302的扇区。在一个或多个实施例中，每个天线组被指定对由基站302覆盖的区域的一扇区中的移动设备通信。基站可以是用于与终端通信的固定站并且也可以称为接入点、节点B、或一些其它术语。移动设备也可被称为移动站、用户装备(UE)、无线通信设备、终端、接入终端、用户设备、或一些其它术语。
波束成形技术可用于在扇区中提供固定发射方向或可被用来替代扇区。例如，波束图可在3扇区基站的诸扇区中提供多个发射方向，从而得到虚拟的6扇区基站。这种再划分扇区的能力导致系统容量增大。
波束成形的传输可与包括空分复用(SDM)在内的许多不同调度方案一起使用。SDM是用在多天线通信系统中的一种技术，它利用空间维度来支持额外的用户设备进行数据传输。空分多址系统(SDMA)系统依赖于与每个用户设备相关联的空间特征(spatialsignature)来调度从/到多个用户设备和基站的数据传输。空间特征可使用基站处信号的波达方向(direction-of-arrival)、信号的多径数目、以及每个基站-移动设备对的信号衰减或反映用户设备与基站之间的空间关系的任何其它数据来构成。在多天线系统中，基站与用户设备之间的空间关系是基于基站处由天线接收到的信号来确定的。在这种情形中，用户设备传输可被调度在同一时间以及波束上的同一频率上并基于空间特征来分离。通过使用SDMA，不同用户可共享时-频资源而不会引起大量串扰。
固定波束成形方向图还可与MIMO以及机会波束成形调度技术一起使用。特别地，具有良态矩阵信道的用户设备可使用MIMO来调度。MIMO系统利用多个发射和接收天线来改善性能。对应于单个用户设备的多个数据流被调度在同一时间和多个波束的频率上，由此增加数据速率。在也被称为波束选择的机会波束成形中，基站使用波束在一组给定的频率和时间上向单个用户设备发射。在这些频率和这些时间上没有其它波束被用于向任何附加用户发射。
SDM、MIMO和机会波束成形可与诸如正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统等频分系统一起使用。OFDMA系统将整个系统带宽分割成多个正交子带。这些子带也被称为音、载波、子载波、槽、和/或频率信道。每个子带与可用数据调制的子载波相关联。OFDMA系统可使用时分和/或频分复用来实现多个用户设备的多个数据传输之间的正交性。可向用户设备组分配单独的子带，以及对每个用户设备的数据传输可在分配给该用户设备的(诸)子带上发送。SDMA、MIMO以及机会波束成形可被实现用于分配到不同频率区域的用户设备。
在波束成形的传输系统中，波束成形技术可用于在扇区中提供固定的发射方向或可被用来替代扇区。例如，波束图可在3扇区基站的扇区中提供多个发射方向，从而得到虚拟的6扇区基站。这种再划分扇区的能力使得系统容量增大。基站扇区所服务的用户设备可指示对一给定波束的优选。该基站可使用SDM、MIMO、机会波束成形或任何其它调度方法将与该用户设备的传输调度到该给定波束上。另外，具有固定波束图的波束成形允许基站同时利用SDM、MIMO以及机会波束成形调度技术。例如，空间正交的用户设备可使用SDM来调度，具有良态矩阵信道的用户设备可使用MIMO来调度，而附加用户可使用机会波束成形来调度。
利用固定的窄波束和以上讨论的技术的系统可在无线通信环境中提供增强的吞吐量。然而，这些系统由于零信号区而缺乏稳健性。再次参见图1，用户设备U1和U2空问正交，并具有不同的空间特征。因此，用户设备U1和U2将使用SDM或机会波束成形方案体验到增强的SINR。相反，用户设备U3和U4由于它们的位置将可能体验到退化的SINR。由于U3和U4两者都位于零信号区内，所以它们将可能体验到比在系统利用单个发射天线的情况下更差的性能。
窄波束的有限覆盖区可对用户设备的可靠性和稳健性产生影响。一般而言，用户设备被设计成移动的。因此，用户可能通过利用一波束开始传输并且可能此后在传输期间进入零信号区。零信号区内的传输可能会导致数据丢失和可靠性降低。另外，用户设备可能完全选择了错误的波束。例如，用户设备U1可能期望与第二波束106相关联。然而，如果用户设备U1错误地选择第一波束104上的传输或者如果用户设备U1不能够选择波束且被基站指派到第一波束104，则该用户设备将体验到与位于零信号区中的用户设备相同的性能。因此，零信号区中的或者具有较差性能的一个或多个用户设备被指派到该宽波束。另外，广播和控制传输可被指派到该宽波束。
宽波束的增添可确保一最小性能水平。该宽波束可使用模拟单个天线的传输方案来构造。例如，可使用循环延迟分集方案来生成宽波束。一般而言，该宽波束相比于窄波束将具有较低的SINR增益，但具有比窄波束显著更宽的覆盖区。用户设备可选择被指派至该宽波束。因此，任何用户设备的最差性能被限于单个天线传输的情形。此外，许多用户设备将在窄波束覆盖区中体验增强的性能。该基站可使用SDM、MIMO或波束选择方法或它们的任意组合来调度位于窄波束覆盖区中的用户设备。宽波束的增添提供了有保证的最小稳健性水平。
另外，该系统可利用宽波束来支持广播控制信道。由于宽波束可以是不定向的或针对该扇区的大部分来定向的，所以宽波束可被用来向该扇区所服务的大多数或全部用户设备同时发射。因此，基站无需为每个窄波束发射单独的控制传输。用户设备可基于要被发送到该用户设备的数据的类型被指派到窄波束和宽波束中的至少一个。
现在参照图4，示出了利用多个波束402、404和406的波束图400。在一个或多个替换性实施例中，在宽波束之外或代替宽波束，基站可生成多个窄波束402、404和406以有效地与扇区中的移动站通信。使用多个窄波束可能不足以减轻用户选择了错误波束时的问题。然而，只要正确的波束被选中，则扇区中的用户设备将体验增强的性能。波束402、404和406可以是正交或重叠的。如图4所示，包括其旁瓣在内的波束402、404和406可被定向以有效覆盖扇区。
在一个或多个实施例中，各分开的固定波束可以是内容专属的。固定波束可以与地理区域或位置的特定可预测方向相关联。因此，专属于一特定位置的内容可被发送到与该位置相关联的固定波束的覆盖区内的用户设备。例如，商场可包括无线通信系统。专属于该商场中第一位置处的第一店铺的内容可使用第一波束来发送而专属于第二位置处的第二店铺的内容可使用第二波束来发送。因此，位于该第一和第二店铺的用户设备将接收到专属于它们所处的店铺的传输。一般性商场信息可使用具有包括整个商场的覆盖区的宽波束来发送。或者，窄波束可被用来提供改善的性能。例如，宽波束可被用于一般性商场话务，而窄波束可被定向至具有重要通信需求的第一店铺。
在一个或多个实施例中，波束是使用改变一特定传输码元或样本的相位、幅值、或相位及幅值的一组权重来形成的。这些权重可被存储在存储器中的查找表中。波束可通过修改存储在该查找表中的权重来更新。
现在参照图5，示出了根据各种实施例的无线通信系统的扇区502的波束图500。一般而言，SDMA、预编码和波束成形技术是使用相关的天线来实现的。然而，对于MIMO发射和接收天线而言不相关的天线是优选的，以及在一个或多个实施例中，相同天线可被用于发射和接收两者。为了同时提供MIMO、SDM和预编码，基站504可包括两个或多个天线簇。每个簇内的天线是密集的。然而，各天线簇以一较大距离分隔开。例如，簇内天线间的间隔可为λ，而簇之间的间隔可为5λ。该天线配置提供了有效MIMO所需的分集而同时对于SDM、预编码等又充分相关。该天线配置能够生成如图5所示的波束图。这里，波束簇506生成与图1中所示的第一和第二波束具有相同的有效波束图的包络。图5中所示的波束图可用于同时支持MIMO和SDMA，由此增大了系统容量。应该注意，在预编码或波束控制的情形中，在预编码或波束控制的情形中，所显示的方向可以是波束的一个方向或主方向。这一个或多个窄波束可各自包括一窄波束簇和另一窄波束簇，其中这些窄波束簇并不重叠。
参照图6-7，示出了与增大无线通信系统中的容量相关的方法。例如，这些方法可涉及在SDMA环境中、在FDMA环境中、OFDMA环境中、CDMA环境中、WCDMA环境中、TDMA环境或任何其它合适的无线环境中使用波束成形。而为了解释方便的目的，这些方法被显示和描述为一系列动作，应该理解和认识到，这些方法并不限于该动作顺序，因为一些动作可根据一个或多个实施例以不同顺序和/或与未在此显示和描述的其它动作同时发生。例如，本领域的技术人员将理解和认识到，方法可替换性地被表示为诸如状态图的一系列相关联的状态或事件。此外，并非所有示出的动作都需用来实现根据一个或多个实施例的方法。
现在参照图6，示出了根据在此呈现的一个或多个实施例用于将用户设备指派到无线通信环境中一波束的方法600。参照将一个或多个窄波束与一宽波束结合使用的系统来描述这种方法，在该系统中时-频资源可在一组窄波束的一个或多个与该宽波束之间共享。在602，确定用户设备与基站之间的空间关系。该空间关系可基于基站-用户设备对的空间信号来确定。或者，该用户设备可包括能够确定用户设备的位置的全球定位系统(GPS)。在604，确定该用户设备是否要与该基站所发射的至少一个窄波束相关联。若如此，则在606用户设备被指派到至少一个窄波束。该指派可以基于指派之前发送的信息，其中该信息指示预定的至少一个窄波束和宽波束。例如，该信息可包括来自码本的若干项。此外，该信息可在发送前被量化。如不是如此，则在608该用户设备被指派到宽波束。用户设备可请求特定波束，或者基站可确定向特定波束指派哪些用户设备。在另一示例中，一不同用户设备可被指派至该窄波束或宽波束之外的不重叠的频率。
现在参照图7，示出了根据在此呈现的一个或多个示例用于将用户设备指派至无线通信系统中的一波束的方法700。在702，用户设备被指派至至少一个窄波束。在704确定该用户设备的信道质量指标(CQI)(或其它合适的信道质量信息)。在706，确定该用户设备的CQI是否低于一预定阈值。应该注意，该阈值是由宽波束的CQI或依赖于被指派至该宽波束的数个用户的CQI所确定的。因此，该阈值可能会在被指派至该宽波束的数个用户的CQI随时间变化时随时间而变化。或者，也可使用一固定阈值。
如不是如此，则在708该用户设备的波束指派保持不变。如是如此，在710该用户设备被指派至宽波束。或者，可监视服务质量(QoS)以确定是否将用户设备切换至宽波束。可以只是在初始指派之后监视QoS、CQI、其它信道信息、或其组合，或者也可周期性地监视。
一般而言，在语音或数据传输期间，用户设备能够重新定位或被重新定位，由此改变用户设备与基站之间的空间关系。相应地，定向的窄波束对于发送和接收通信可能并非最优模式。因此，当用户设备在扇区中移动时可被重新指派。可监视用户设备的速度以确定该用户设备是否正快速地移进和移出窄波束从而可通过将该用户设备指派至宽波束来实现较好的性能。在一个或多个实施例中，用户设备可包括加速计。当该加速计指示用户正快速移动并因此可能迅速地移进或移出窄波束覆盖区时，可将用户设备指派至宽波束，由此避免将该用户设备重复地再分配至多个窄波束。
应该认识到的是，根据在此所述的一个或多个实施例，可关于传输格式、频率等作出推断。如在此所用的，术语“推断”或“推理”一般是指根据经由事件和/或数据所捕捉到的一组观察来对系统状态、环境、和/或用户的推理或推断的过程。推断可用于标识特定的上下文或行为、或可生成例如状态上的概率分布。推断可以是盖然性的，即基于对数据和事件的考虑来计算感兴趣的状态上的概率分布。推断也可指被用于从一组事件和/或数据构成更高级别事件的技术。这种推断导致从一组观察到的事件和/或存储的事件数据构造出新的事件或行为，无论这些事件在时间上是否密切相关，也无论这些事件和数据是来自一个还是多个事件和数据源。
根据一个示例，以上呈现的一个或多个方法可包括基于一特定扇区中所需的服务质量关于指派至该扇区的波束图作出推断。例如，由于一区域中对用户设备通信的关键性质或简单地由于一区域中用户设备或客户的巨大数量而确定在该区域中所需的高质量服务。
根据另一示例，可关于在诸如高峰时间等的一天、一周等各个时间段期间所采用的波束图作出推断。应该认识到的是，上述示例本质上是示例性的，并无意关于在此所示的各实施例和/或方法来限制可以作出的推断的数目或作出推断的方式。
图8是根据在此阐述的一个或多个实施例有助于无线通信环境中的波束成形以增大系统容量限制的的系统800的示图。如本领域的技术人员将认识到的，系统800可驻留在基站和/或用户设备内。系统800包括一接收机802，它接收来自例如一个或多个接收天线的信号以及在其上(例如，滤波器、放大器、下变频器等)对接收到的信号执行典型动作并将经调整的信号数字化以得到样本。解调器804可对接收到的导频码元进行解调并将其提供给处理器806以供信道估计。
处理器806可以是专用于分析接收机组件802接收到的信息和/或生成供发射机814发送的信息的处理器。处理器806可以是控制用户设备800的一个或多个组件的处理器，和/或分析接收机802接收到的信息、生成供发射机814发送的信息、并控制用户设备800的一个或多个组件的处理器。用户设备800可包括协调波束指派的最优化组件808。最优化组件808可被结合到处理器806中。应该认识到的是，最优化组件808可包括执行与将用户设备指派至波束相关联的基于效用的分析的最优化代码。该最优化代码可利用基于人工智能的方法来执行与最优化用户设备波束指派相关的推断和/或概率确定和/或基于统计的确定。
用户设备800可另外包括存储器810，该存储器操作地与处理器806相耦合并存储与波束图信息相关的信息、包括与其相关的信息的查找表、以及与在此所述的波束成形相关的任何其它合适的信息。存储器810可另外存储与生成查找表等相关联的协议，以使得用户设备800可采用所存储的协议和/或算法来增大系统容量。应该认识到的是在此所述的数据存储(例如，存储器)组件可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或者可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。作为示例而非限制，非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)、或闪存。易失性存储器包括用作外部高速缓冲存储器的随机存取存储器(RAM)。作为示例而非限制，RAM有各种形式可用，诸如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据率SDRAM(DDRSDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)、以及直接存储器总线RAM(RDRAM)。本主题系统和方法的存储器810旨在包括这些和任何其它合适类型的存储器，而非限制于此。处理器806被连接至码元调制器812和发射经调制的信号的发射机814。
图9是根据各实施例的有助于增大通信环境中的系统容量的系统900的示图。系统900包括具有接收机910并通过多个发射天线908向一个或多个用户设备904发射的基站902，该接收机通过一个或多个接收天线906接收来自这一个或多个用户设备904的信号。在一个或多个实施例中，接收天线906和发射天线908可使用单组天线来实现。接收机910可从接收天线906接收信息并操作地与解调接收到的信息的解调器912相关联。如本领域的技术人员将认识到的，接收机910可以是例如耙式接收机(例如，使用多个基带相关器分别处理多径信号分量的一种技术)、基于MMSE的接收机、或用于将指派至此的用户设备进行分离的一些其它合适的接收机。根据各方面，可采用多个接收机(例如，每接收天线一个)，并且这些接收机可相互通信以提供改善的对用户数据的估计。经解调的码元由处理器914分析，该处理器914与以上关于图8所述的处理器相似并被耦合至存储与用户设备指派相关的信息、与其相关的查找表等的存储器916。每个天线的接收机输出可共同由接收机910和/或处理器914处理。调制器918可将供发射机920通过发射天线908发送给用户设备904的信号复用。
基站902还包括一指派组件922，它可以是不同于处理器914或集成到处理器914的处理器，以及可评价基站904所服务的扇区中所有用户设备并且可至少部分地基于各个用户设备的位置将用户设备指派至各波束。
图10示出了一个示例性无线通信系统1000。为了简明起见，无线通信系统1000描绘了一个基站和一个用户设备。然而，应该认识到的是该系统可包括一个以上的基站和/或一个以上的用户设备，其中附加的基站和/或用户设备可以与以下所述的示例性基站和用户设备基本上相似或不同。另外，应该认识到的是，基站和/或用户设备可采用在此所述的系统(图8-9)和/或方法(图6-7)来促进它们之间的无线通信。
现在参照图10，在下行链路上，在接入点1005处发送(TX)数据处理器1010对话务数据进行接收、格式化、编码、交织和调制(或码元映射)并提供调制码元(“数据码元”)。码元调制器1015接收和处理数据码元和导频码元并将它们提供给发射机单元(TMTR)1020。每个发射码元可以是数据码元、导频码元、或为0的信号值。导频码元可以在每个码元周期中连续发送。导频码元可以是频分复用(FDM)、正交频分复用(OFDM)、时分复用(TDM)、频分复用(FDM)、或码分复用(CDM)的。
TMTR1020接收码元流并将其转换为一个或多个模拟信号并进一步调整(例如，放大、滤波、和上变频)模拟信号以生成适于在无线信道上传输的下行链路信号。下行链路信号随后通过天线1025发送到用户设备。在用户设备1030上，天线1035接收该下行链路信号并将接收到的信号提供给接收机单元(RCVR)1040。接收机单元1040调整(例如，滤波、放大、和下变频)接收到的信号并将经调整的信号数字化以得到样本。码元解调器1045对接收到的导频码元进行解调并将其提供给处理器1050以供信道估计。码元解调器1045还从处理器1050接收对下行链路的频率响应估计，对接收到的数据码元执行数据解调以得到数据码元估计(是对所发送的数据码元的估计)，并将该数据码元估计提供给RX数据处理器1055，该处理器对数据码元估计进行解调(即，码元去映射)、解交织、和解码以恢复所发送的话务数据。码元解调器1045和RX数据处理器1055的处理分别与接入点1005上码元调制器1015和TX数据处理器1010的处理互补。
在上行链路上，TX数据处理器1060处理话务数据并提供数据码元。码元调制器1065接收数据码元并将该数据码元与导频码元复用在一起、执行调制，并提供码元流。发射机单元1070随后接收并处理该码元流以生成通过天线1035发送给接入点1005的上行链路信号。
在接入点1005上，来自用户设备1030的上行链路信号由天线1025接收并由接收机单元1075处理以得到样本。码元解调器1080随后处理这些样本并提供接收到的导频码元和对上行链路的数据码元估计。RX数据处理器1085处理数据码元估计以恢复由用户设备1030所发送的话务数据。处理器1090执行对上行链路上发送的每个活动用户设备的信道估计。多个用户设备可在它们各自所指派的导频子带集上的上行链路上同时发送导频，其中这些导频子带集可被交织。
处理器1090和1050分别指导(例如，控制、协调、管理等)接入点1005和用户设备1030上的操作。相应的处理器1090和1050可与存储程序代码和数据的存储器单元(未示出)相关联。处理器1090和1050还可执行计算以分别推导出上行和下行链路的频率和冲激响应估计。
对于多址系统(例如，FDMA、OFDMA、CDMA、TDMA、SDMA等)，多个用户设备可在上行链路上同时发射。对于这种系统，可在不同用户设备之间共用导频子带。信道估计技术可被用在每个用户设备的导频子带跨度整个工作频带(可能除带边沿)的情形中。这种导频子带结构对于每个用户设备得到频率分集是有利的。在此所述的技术可通过各种手段来实现。例如，这些技术可在硬件、软件、或它们的组合中实现。对于硬件实现，用于信道估计的处理单元可以在一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理器件(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、设计成执行在此所述功能的其它电子单元、或它们的组合内实现。使用软件时，可通过执行在此所述功能的模块(例如，进程、功能等)来实现。软件代码可存储在存储器单元中并由处理器1090和1050来执行。
对于软件实现，在此所述的技术可用执行在此所述功能的模块(例如，进程、功能等)来实现。软件代码可存储在存储器单元中并由处理器来执行。存储器单元可被实现在处理器内部或处理器的外部，在外部的情形中存储器单元可通过本领域中已知的各种手段耦合至该处理器。
以上所述的包括一个或多个实施例的示例。当然不可能为了描述上述实施例而描述组件和方法的每种可预想的组合，但本领域的技术人员可认识到各种实施例的进一步的组合和置换是可能的。因此，所述实施例旨在包含落在所附权利要求的精神实质和范围内的所有这种变更、修改和变形。此外，就术语“包括”在具体描述或权利要求中所使用的程度来说，该术语旨在以与“包含”被用作权利要求中的过渡措辞时所解释的方式相类似的方式为包含在内的意思。

Claims (31)

1.一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的方法，包括：
确定多个用户设备的信道信息；
将所述多个用户设备指派到来自预定一组波束中的至少一个波束，所述一组波束包括至少一个窄波束和宽波束，其中将所述多个用户设备指派到所述至少一个窄波束包括使用空间复用SDM调度技术调度第一用户设备并且使用多输入多输出MIMO调度技术调度第二用户设备，以及
如果信道质量信息低于阈值，则将至少一个用户设备从窄波束重新指派到所述宽波束，
其中所述至少一个窄波束包括第一窄波束簇和第二窄波束簇，其中所述第一窄波束簇和所述第二窄波束簇并不重叠；以及
通过利用所述第一窄波束簇和所述第二窄波束簇，使用所述SDM调度技术和所述MIMO调度技术同时调度所述第一和第二用户设备。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在同一时间段期间将另一用户设备指派到所述预定一组波束中与所述用户设备的波束不同但至少有一些重叠频率的一波束。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括使用循环延迟分集方案生成所述宽波束。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将对所述多个设备中的一个或多个用户设备的传输的广播控制传输指派至所述宽波束。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括基于所述多个用户设备的通信模式来修改所述至少一个窄波束的方向。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信道质量信息包括信道质量指标。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信道质量信息是信噪干扰比。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括基于所确定的一用户设备的速度将该用户设备指派至所述宽波束，其中所述速度是由该用户设备的加速计确定的。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，指派所述多个用户设备包括至少部分地基于一用户设备指示来自所述预定一组波束的至少一个波束的请求来指派该用户设备。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，指派所述多个用户设备包括至少部分地基于对一用户设备指示的服务质量来指派该用户设备。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，指派所述多个用户设备包括至少部分地基于要向一用户设备发送的数据类型来指派该用户设备。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个窄波束包括第一窄波束簇和第二窄波束簇，其中所述第一窄波束簇和所述第二窄波束簇中的至少一些波束重叠。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在同一时间段期间将另一用户设备指派至所述至少一个波束以外的不重叠的频率。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在指派之前发送指示所述波束的信息。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信息包括来自码本的多个项。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在发送之前将所述指示信息量化。
17.一种无线通信装置，包括：
存储器，存储与预定一组波束相关的信息，所述预定一组波束包括至少一个窄波束和宽波束；以及
处理器，被耦合至所述存储器，所述处理器将多个用户设备指派至来自所述预定一组波束的至少一个波束，其中将所述多个用户设备指派到所述至少一个窄波束包括使用空间复用SDM调度技术调度第一用户设备并且使用多输入多输出MIMO调度技术调度第二用户设备，以及
其中如果信道质量信息低于阈值，则所述处理器将至少一个用户设备从窄波束重新指派到所述宽波束；以及
第一天线簇，其中第一窄波束簇采用所述第一天线簇；以及
第二天线簇，其中第二窄波束簇利用所述第二天线簇，并且所述第一窄波束簇和所述第二窄波束簇并不重叠，并且
其中通过利用所述第一窄波束簇和所述第二窄波束簇，使用所述SDM调度技术和所述MIMO调度技术同时调度所述第一和第二用户设备。
18.如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器基于空分复用、多输入多输出MIMO或机会波束成形调度技术来调度所述多个用户设备的通信。
19.如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器使用循环延迟分集方案来生成所述宽波束。
20.如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器在所述宽波束上发送广播控制传输。
21.如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器基于所述多个用户设备的通信模式来修改所述至少一个窄波束的方向。
22.如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述信道质量信息包括信道质量指标。
23.如权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述信道质量指标是信噪干扰比。
24.如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器基于一用户设备的速度将该用户设备指派至所述宽波束，其中所述速度是由该用户设备的加速计确定的。
25.如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，一用户设备在请求中指示对来自所述预定一组波束的至少一个波束的偏好。
26.一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的装置，包括：
用于生成至少一个窄波束的装置；
用于生成宽波束的装置；以及
用于将多个用户设备指派至来自预定一组波束的至少一个波束的装置，其中将所述多个用户设备指派到所述至少一个窄波束包括使用空间复用SDM调度技术调度第一用户设备并且使用多输入多输出MIMO调度技术调度第二用户设备，以及
用于如果信道质量信息低于阈值则将至少一个用户设备从窄波束重新指派到所述宽波束的装置；
第一天线簇，其中第一窄波束簇采用所述第一天线簇；以及
第二天线簇，其中第二窄波束簇利用所述第二天线簇，并且所述第一窄波束簇和所述第二窄波束簇并不重叠，并且
其中通过利用所述第一窄波束簇和所述第二窄波束簇，使用所述SDM调度技术和所述MIMO调度技术同时调度所述第一和第二用户设备。
27.如权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括用于基于空分复用、多输入多输出MIMO或机会波束成形调度技术来调度所述多个用户设备的通信的装置。
28.如权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括用于基于所述多个用户设备的通信模式修改所述至少一个窄波束的方向的装置。
29.如权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，所述信道质量信息包括信道质量指标。
30.如权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括用于基于一用户设备的速度将该用户设备指派至所述宽波束的装置，其中所述速度是由该用户设备的加速计确定的。
31.如权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括用于为一用户设备在请求中指示对来自所述预定一组波束的至少一个波束的偏好的装置。
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US9179319B2 (en) 2015-11-03
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JP2014064294A (ja) 2014-04-10
JP2013123241A (ja) 2013-06-20
JP2008547283A (ja) 2008-12-25
JP5507536B2 (ja) 2014-05-28
WO2006138581A2 (en) 2006-12-28
AR053911A1 (es) 2007-05-23
TWI319961B (en) 2010-01-21
KR20080026183A (ko) 2008-03-24
CN101243699A (zh) 2008-08-13
JP5745005B2 (ja) 2015-07-08
TW200718226A (en) 2007-05-01
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