CN101124619B - 用于负载点调整器阵列的数字功率管理器及功率控制系统 - Google Patents

用于负载点调整器阵列的数字功率管理器及功率控制系统 Download PDF

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CN101124619B
CN101124619B CN2005800240593A CN200580024059A CN101124619B CN 101124619 B CN101124619 B CN 101124619B CN 2005800240593 A CN2005800240593 A CN 2005800240593A CN 200580024059 A CN200580024059 A CN 200580024059A CN 101124619 B CN101124619 B CN 101124619B
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point
control system
load regulator
power
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CN101124619A (zh
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阿莱恩·查普斯
米海尔·古滋
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PAI Capital LLC
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Power One Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/28—Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
    • G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
    • G06F15/163—Interprocessor communication
    • G06F15/173—Interprocessor communication using an interconnection network, e.g. matrix, shuffle, pyramid, star, snowflake
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/30—Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/008—Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators

Abstract

一种功率控制系统，包括多个负载点(POL)调整器，每个POL调整器适用于将调整后的功率输送给负载；工作连接多个POL调整器的串行数据总线；以及连接到数据总线的数字功率管理器。数字功率管理器还包括包含多个寄存器的非易失性存储器，所述寄存器包括数字功率管理器配置寄存器，存储有规定了功率控制系统的配置的数据值；POL设置寄存器，存储有反映一个POL调整器的编程状态的数据值；POL监控寄存器，存储有反映在一个POL调整器内的操作情况的状态的数据值；以及用户可规定的空间。数字功率管理器适用于对每个POL调整器的电压裕度进行编程。

Description

用于负载点调整器阵列的数字功率管理器及功率控制系统
相关申请数据 
依据35 USC§119(c)，本专利申请要求2004年7月16日提交的、题为“Digital Power Manager for Controlling and Monitoringan Array of Point-of-Load Regulators”的临时专利申请序列号No.60/588,594的优先权。 
技术领域
本发明涉及功率控制系统，更具体地说，涉及控制和监控负载点调整器阵列的方法和系统。 
背景技术
随着电子系统的增加的复杂性，电子系统通常需要以多种不同的离散的电压和电流电平提供功率。例如，电子系统可包括需要诸如3伏、5伏、9伏等电压的分立电路。此外，许多这样的电路需要相对较低的电压(例如1伏)，而具有相对较高的电流(例如100安)。由于多种原因，不希望在相对较长的距离上以低电压将相对较高的电流传递到电子装置。首先，低电压、高电流传输线路的相对较长的物理路程消耗了相当大的电路板面积并使得电路板上信号线的路线发生拥塞。第二，承载高电流的线路的阻抗往往耗散大量功率，并使得负载调整复杂化。第三，很难定制能适应负载要求改变的电压/电流特性。 
为了满足这些功率要求，已知将中间总线电压分布在整个电子系统中，并且在电子系统内的消耗功率的位置处包括各个负载点(“POL”)调整器，即DC/DC转换器。特别地，POL调整器被包括在每个相应的电子电路中，把中间总线电压转换成电子电路所需要的电平。一个 电子系统可包括多个POL调整器，把中间总线电压转换成多个电压电平中的每个电压电平。在理想情况下，POL调整器在物理上位于相应的电子电路附近，从而使电子系统内的低电压、高电流线路的长度最小化。中间总线电压可以通过使用使损耗最小化的低电流线路被传递到多个POL调整器。 
利用这种分配方法，需要协调对功率系统的POL调整器的控制和监控。POL调整器通常与驱动、编程和监控各个POL调整器的电源控制器相结合地工作。本领域中已知控制器使用多连接并行总线来驱动和编程每个POL调整器。例如，并行总线可以传送使能/禁止比特，用于接通和关断每个POL调整器；以及电压识别(VID)数据比特，用于对POL调整器的输出电压设置点进行编程。控制器还可以使用附加的连接来监控由每个POL调整器传递的电压/电流，以检测POL调整器的故障情况。这种控制系统的缺点在于，它使总的电子系统增加了复杂性和尺寸。 
因此，有利地具有用于控制和监控在分布电源系统内的POL调整器的系统和方法。 
发明内容
本发明通过提供适用于控制和监控功率控制系统的POL调整器的数字功率管理器而克服了现有技术的这些和其它缺点。 
在本发明的一个实施例中，功率控制系统包括多个负载点(POL)调整器，每个适用于将调整后的功率输送给负载；工作连接多个POL调整器的串行数据总线；以及被连接到数据总线的数字功率管理器。数字功率管理器包括控制器，适用于执行存储的指令，以经由串行数据总线对多个POL调整器的工作参数进行编程并经由串行数据总线接收来自多个POL调整器的监控数据。数字功率管理器还包括诸如I2C接口的用户接口，适用于从其接收编程数据并发送监控数据给它。数字功率管理器还包括包含多个寄存器的非易失性存储器，其中包括数字功率管理器配置寄存器，存储有规定了功率控制系统的配置的数 据值；POL设置寄存器，存储有反映一个POL调整器的编程状态的数据值；POL监控寄存器，存储有反映在一个POL调整器内的操作情况的状态的数据值；和用户可规定的空间。数字功率管理器适用于对每个POL调整器的电压裕度进行编程。 
在本发明的另一个实施例中，至少一个主机用户系统被工作耦合到数字功率管理器。主机用户系统还包括图形用户界面，提供功率控制系统的监控和编程。例如，图形用户界面还提供了用于对每个POL调整器的电压裕度进行编程、用于监控POL调整器的操作情况、和/或用于对POL调整器进行编程的接口。数字功率管理器还适用于经由串行数据总线接收来自POL调整器的故障检测信息。 
通过考虑下面对优选实施例的详细说明，将使本领域技术人员更全面地了解用于控制和监控在分布功率系统内的POL调整器的系统和方法以及本发明的其它优点和目的。现在参考将首先被概略地描述的附图。 
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的示例性POL控制系统的框图； 
图2是POL控制系统的示例性数字功率管理器的框图； 
图3a和3b以图形方式示出了在数字功率管理器中用于存储POL参数的监控存储器； 
图4是用于执行POL调整器的确定电压裕度的过程的流程图； 
图5是用于监控POL调整器的性能的过程的流程图； 
图6是显示用于数字功率管理器的存储器的示例性划分的框图； 
图7是显示用于监控在POL控制系统内的POL调整器的图形用户界面(GUI)的示例性屏幕图； 
图8是显示用于监控POL控制系统的中间总线电压状态的图形用户界面的示例性屏幕图；以及 
图9是显示用于监控POL控制系统的环形缓存器状态的图形用户界面的示例性屏幕图。 
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种数字功率管理器，用于控制和监控在分布功率系统内的POL调整器。在以下的详细说明中，相同的附图标记被用来描述在一个或多个图中显示的相同的单元。 
首先参照图1，图中示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的POL功率系统10。POL功率系统10包括数字功率管理器(DPM)12，前端调整器(FE)14，和多个功率控制组22，24，26，28(也标记为组A到组D)。每个功率控制组包括多个单独的POL调整器(如POL调整器22a-22n)。这里描述的POL调整器包括但不限于负载点调整器、负载上的功率调整器、DC/DC变换器、电压调整器、和本领域技术人员已知的所有其它可编程的电压或电流调整装置。每个POL调整器具有唯一的5比特地址(ADDR)，通过使各个地址管脚接地来编程。 
每组POL调整器生成多个供给相应负载的输出电压。POL调整器可以根据供应电压的负载的特性被分组。例如，以很高相关性来为负载提供电压的POL调整器可被放置在一组中，例如，提供CPU核心电压的所有POL调整器被放置在组A中，为输入/输出电路供电的POL调整器被放置在组B中，等等。通过把多个POL调整器分组到一起，在一组内的POL调整器在故障情况下可以呈现相同的响应特性。分组使得用户能够对高级故障管理方案进行编程并定义裕度功能、监控、启动特性、和报告惯例。每组POL调整器代表POL调整器的一个虚拟的、而不是物理的分组。一个特定组中的POL调整器实际上可以在电气系统内在物理上互相分开。应当理解，在图1中组的数目和在每个组中显示的POL调整器仅仅示例地表示，并且可以有利地利用更大或更小数目的组和/或每个组内的POL调整器。另外，POL调整器完全可以不分组，POL控制系统10可包括多个单独的POL调整器。 
前端调整器14从电压源(例如48伏)提取功率，并通过中间电压总线将中间电压(IBV)提供到多个组22，24，26，28。前端调整器14可以 简单地包括另一个POL调整器。数字功率管理器12从中间电压总线或从电路板偏压源提取它的功率。虽然被显示为分开的装置，数字功率管理器12和前端调整器14也可被合并成单个的单元。作为替代，前端调整器14可通过多个中间电压总线把多个中间电压提供到POL调整器的组。 
数字功率管理器12通过经由单向或双向串行总线(图1中显示为同步/数据(SD)线路)写入和/或读出数字数据(同步地或异步地)，而与多个POL调整器通信。SD线路可包括允许异步地传送数据的双线路串行总线(例如I2C)或允许同步地传送数据的单线路串行总线(即用一个时钟信号来同步)。SD线路用一个主时钟为所有的POL调整器提供同步，所述主时钟由数字功率管理器12生成，并同时执行在POL调整器与数字功率管理器12之间的双向数据传送。为了寻址在任何组中的任何特定的POL调整器，每个POL调整器以一个唯一的地址被识别，它可以被硬连线到POL调整器中或通过其它方法设置。数字功率管理器12还通过各个单向或双向串行线路-图1中显示为OKA，OKB，OKC OKD线路(分别对应于每个组A-D)(下面也被称为各个OK线路)，与多个组中的每一个组进行通信，用于故障管理。 
数字功率管理器12经由串行数据总线(I2C)与主机用户系统通信，用于编程、设置、和监控POL控制系统10。主机用户系统包括直接或通过网络耦合到I2C接口的计算机，具有适用于与数字功率管理器12进行通信的适当软件。正如本领域中已知的，主计算机配备有基于图形的用户界面(GUI)，它结合了可移动窗口、图标和鼠标，如基于Micosoft WindowsTM界面。GUI可包括标准的预先编程的格式用于表示文本和图形，正如本领域中通常所理解的。从数字功率管理器12接收的信息通过GUI被显示在计算机屏幕上，主机用户可以通过在GUI的屏幕上做出改变而编程和监控POL控制系统10的操作。数字功率管理器12执行在连接到主机系统或GUI的I2C接口与连接到各个POL调整器的SD线路之间的转换。数字功率管理器12可以通过使用高和低电平命令经由GUI或直接经由I2C总线来控制。 
数字功率管理器12通过控制前端调整器14和消弧电路16提供对于中间电压总线的欠电压和过电压保护，支持错误保护，并在交流电力线故障的情况下(由AC Fail_N输入线路上的一个信号所反映)执行受控系统的关断。具体来说，数字功率管理器12通过分开的线路(FE_EN)与前端调整器14通信，在系统范围故障的情况下禁止前端调整器14的操作。如果在一个POL调整器中有部件故障，则该POL调整器的输出会经历过电压情况，这将损坏它的相应负载。所以当检测到这样的故障时，非常希望尽可能快速地降低中间总线电压。因此，POL控制系统还可包括耦合到中间电压总线的一个可选的消弧电路16，它把在中间电压总线上剩余的电压引至地，从而切断加到POL调整器的中间电压(VIN)并防止任何过电压情况。 
图2是POL控制系统的示例性数字功率管理器12的框图。数字功率管理器12包括控制器32，它执行存储的指令，响应于来自主机用户的命令、中断以及从POL调整器接收的状态数据，控制和监控数字功率管理器12的操作。时钟发生器54和定时电路52给控制器32提供适当的时钟信号，控制内部和外部功能的定时。可以预料，数字功率管理器12被包括在单个集成电路中。 
控制器32被耦合到两个存储器模块，包括非易失性存储器34(例如闪存存储器)和随机存取存储器(RAM)36。在启动后，数据从非易失性存储器34被写入到RAM 36中，此后，控制器访问RAM以使用数据。这使得非易失性存储器34的读/写周期的数目最小化，从而提高了它的工作寿命。非易失性存储器34被分段成四个扇区，包括DPM配置寄存器、POL设置寄存器、POL监控寄存器、和用户存储器。DPM配置寄存器存储有反映数字功率管理器12的编程的数据值并规定了POL控制系统的配置。POL设置寄存器存储有反映各个POL调整器的编程的数据值。POL监控寄存器存储有反映在各个POL调整器内的运行情况的监控的数据值。用户存储器是可用来存储如系统识别、制造日期、位置、应用程序代码版本等的用户信息的用户可规定的空间。用户可以通过I2C接口访问用户存储器。 
简要地参照图3a和3b，图中更详细地示出了非易失性存储器34的POL监控寄存器。图3a示出了第一寄存器模块62，存储有反映每个相应的POL寄存器的编程的POL设置寄存器的拷贝。设置寄存器规定了静态参数，如在一组中的成员和组配置、故障传播配置、中断配置、中间总线电压高和低阈值、软件版本、I2C地址等等。静态寄存器的每个参数可以有选择性地被写保护，用户可被有选择性地准许基于只读或读/写访问每个参数。 
图3b示出了第二寄存器模块64，存储有POL寄存器的拷贝，用于每个POL调整器的运行时间条件，包括输出电压64a，电流64b和温度64c。对于每个参数，有多个数值(例如15个数值)的环形缓存器。参数被连续地采样和存储在环形缓存器中，最旧的数据被重写，这样，参数的最后的采样的运行记录被保持。在系统故障的情况下，环形缓存器将存储系统关断之前的多个监控周期内的数据。在系统关断后，环形缓存器可以通过使用高和低电平命令经由GUI或直接经由I2C总线被访问。数据将被存储在环形缓存器中，直至下一次开启系统为止，所以允许远端诊断和故障消除。图9示出了使得用户能够监控环形缓存器状态的GUI的示例性屏幕图。列出了对于多个时间采样的温度、输出电压和电流的数据值。 
回到图2，控制器32通过I2C控制器38、SD接口42、监控功能装置44、和上电复位(POR)装置46而与外部系统通信。控制器32通过I2C控制器38与用户通信，它按照I2C标准提供在控制器32与I2C总线之间的接口。I2C控制器38作为在控制器32与串行I2C总线之间的接口，并控制所有I2C总线特定的序列、协议、仲裁和定时。I2C控制器38允许在串行数据通过SDA发送或接收而同时SCL输出串行时钟的主模式下，或者在串行数据通过SDA发送或接收而同时串行时钟通过SCL被接收的从属模式下，与数字功率管理器12进行双向通信。I2C控制器38还包括允许经由硬连线或其它信令对数字功率管理器12进行编程的3比特地址(ADDR)输入。 
控制器32通过SD接口42与POL调整器通信，该SD接口又顺 次耦合到SD线路和OK线路。OK线路的状态被连续读出并被保存到一个内部寄存器。来自POL调整器的错误通过SD线路和OK线路在整个功率控制系统10内传播。用于监控和管理故障情况的示例性方法和系统在2004年7月13日提交的、题为“System and Method forManaging Fault in a Power System”的临时专利申请序列号No.10/890,573中提供，该专利申请的主题整体地在此引用以供参考。 
监控功能装置44接收反映系统电平命令的各种输入，如中间电压总线传感(IBV_S)、人工复位(RES_N)、AC故障和多个中断(IN1-IN4)。数字功率管理器12通过IBV_S输入连续地监控中间总线电压。监控功能装置44测量中间总线电压并把它与可编程的低(欠电压)和高(过电压)阈值相比较。图8示出了用来监控中间总线电压的GUI。GUI显示标称中间总线电压(IBV nom)、欠电压阈值和过电压阈值。如图8所示，欠电压和过电压阈值是根据标称中间总线电压的百分比可选择的。 
当中间总线电压降低到低于低的阈值时，数字功率管理器12将把所有的OK线路拉低，从而关断所有的POL调整器。POL调整器然后执行常规的关断序列。环形缓存器(下面讨论)的内容被保存在非易失性存储器34中。当中间总线电压恢复时，控制器32首先重新编程所有的POL调整器，如果在GUI中“自动开启(Auto Turn On)”被使能，则通过SD接口42将它们开启。当中间总线电压超过高的阈值时，控制器32将把所有的OK线路拉低，关断所有的POL调整器。POL调整器然后执行常规的关断序列。环形缓存器的内容被保存在非易失性存储器34中。在一段延时(例如50ms)之后，控制器32关断前端调整器14。如果在延时的时间间隔内电压没有降低到低于阈值，则控制器32将触发消弧电路16，把中间总线电压驱动至地。在清除中间总线电压高故障后一秒，控制器32将试图开启前端调整器14。如果中间总线电压处在极限内，则控制器32将重新编程所有的POL调整器，并且如果在GUI中“自动开启(Auto Turn On)”被使能，则将它们开启。 
AC故障输入由AC/DC转换器(未示出)生成，它把输入电压(例如48伏)提供到前端调整器14。如果为ACDC转换器供电的AC电网存在故障，则AC故障信号通知控制器32。如果没有用于输入电压的备份电池，则输入电压将在预定的时间间隔(例如20ms)后消失。当控制器32接收到AC故障信号时，控制器32将把所有的OK线路拉低，关断所有的POL调整器。POL调整器将执行常规的关断序列.环形缓存器的内容将被保存在非易失性存储器34中。当AC电压恢复且AC故障变为高时，控制器32将重新编程所有的POL调整器，并且如果在GUI中“自动开启(Auto Turn On)”被使能，则将它们开启。 
RES_N输入使得控制器32响应于某些触发条件关断所有的POL调整器。中断可被编程来关断功率控制系统10的特定部件。例如，一个中断可以关断POL调整器的一个特定组，以便允许更换用户电平板或部件。中断允许通过把中断输入拉低而临时关断POL组。中断在GUI中断配置窗口中被使能，或者直接经由I2C总线通过写入到DPM配置寄存器而被使能。 
上电复位(POR)46接收一个复位信号(HW_RES_N)，它使得控制器32复位，如在功率控制系统10的初始上电期间。当功率控制系统10初始上电时，上电复位(POR)46保证控制器32以已知的状态启动。上电复位(POR)46延迟控制器32的初始化，直至中间总线电压稳定在一个适当的电平为止。 
POL调整器的性能参数可以由数字功率管理器12经由I2C通信总线被编程，而不用更换任何部件或重新连线印刷电路板线路。POL编程数据可以预先装载到数字功率管理器12中，或者可以由用户经由GUI和I2C总线被编程。数字功率管理器12可以在安装到主板上之前或之后被编程。POL编程数据被存储在非易失性存储器34的POL配置寄存器中。 
POL调整器的编程在几个步骤中进行。在上电后，当IBV_S管脚上的电压超过欠电压保护阈值时，控制器32把编程数据从它的静态寄存器上传到RAM 36。然后，控制器32执行循环冗余校验(CRC)， 以保证编程数据的完整性。如果结果是正确的，则被存储在非易失性存储器34的POL设置寄存器中的编程数据经由SD线路被发送到一个相应的POL调整器。每个数据传送命令后面紧接着的是应答确认和读回程序过程。如果应答确认和读回操作都是成功的，则POL调整器被认为是成功编程的，控制器32继续对下一个POL调整器的编程。在编程周期完成后，编程状态信息被记录在状态寄存器中。 
图4示出了用于编程POL调整器的电压裕度的示例性过程80。确定裕度是由主机用户执行的一项功能，用于测试在高和低轨极限的电压，并允许用户为每个POL调整器设置所希望的百分比的裕度。在本发明的一个实施例中，每个POL调整器的输出电压由用户通过GUI设置。裕度可以对于每个POL调整器分别被编程，或者可以广播到一个组中的所有POL调整器，或者可以广播到功率控制系统10的所有POL调整器。 
从步骤82开始，处理过程进入一个循环，其中为功率控制系统10中的每个POL调整器确定裕度。在步骤84，处理过程确定POL调整器是否把它的输出并行连接到另一个POL调整器，以达到电流共享的目的。当两个或更多个POL调整器以这种方式连接时，电流共享组中的POL调整器必须被同时编程。用于共享组中的所有POL调整器的地址被识别，以使得控制器32也可以把编程信息传送给它们。然后，在步骤86，控制器32传送一个命令，以设置具有输出电压裕度低数值(VOL)、输出电压裕度高数值(VOH)的输出电压设置点(WVOS)，和/或作为自变量的输出电压设置点(VOS)。处理过程然后返回到步骤82，并对于下一个POL调整器重复执行。在每个POL调整器的裕度都已经被编程后，处理过程在步骤88结束。 
图5示出了用于监控POL调整器的性能的处理过程100。处理过程100连续获取来自POL调整器的监控数据，并与任何POL调整器的运行状态无关地运行。在步骤102，监控处理过程从启动时钟并把计数器设置为零开始。在本发明的一个实施例中，时钟向上计数至0.5秒，并且继续重复进行。计数器具有1和0两个状态。在步骤104， 监控处理过程检验时钟周期是否为新的。如果这不是新的时钟周期，则处理过程继续循环到步骤104，直至新的时钟周期开始为止。在步骤106，计数器被递增。 
处理过程接着开始一个主循环108，其对于每组POL调整器重复进行。在步骤110，处理过程检验对于获取监控数据的频率(FRM)的设置。FRM设置可以具有两种可能的状态：0，其对应于1Hz的频率；以及1，其对应于2Hz的频率。FRM设置在包括在非易失性存储器34中的DPM配置寄存器中规定。如果FRM设置为零而计数器为零，则处理过程返回到步骤108，用于下一组POL调整器。否则，处理过程进到步骤112，在该步骤中，处理过程检验对于获取状态监控数据(SMON)的设置。SMON设置可以具有两种可能的状态：0，其对应于禁止自动获取来自POL调整器的状态监控数据；以及1，其对应于使能自动获取来自POL调整器的状态监控数据。SMON设置在包括在非易失性存储器34中的DPM配置寄存器中规定。如果SMON设置为零，则处理过程向下跳到步骤122(在下面讨论)。否则，处理过程进到步骤114，在该步骤中，获取对于所选的POL调整器组的状态寄存器的内容。然后，包括在非易失性存储器34中的POL监控寄存器用新的状态(STx)信息被更新。 
在步骤118，处理过程确定状态信息是否已改变，以及对于通知用户STx何时改变的(NST)设置是否等于1。NST设置可以具有两种可能的状态：0，其对应于禁止自动通知；以及1，其对应于使能自动通知。NST设置在包括在非易失性存储器34中的DPM配置寄存器中规定。如果已经有状态信息发生改变且NST被设置为使能自动通知，则在步骤120中把状态信息发送到用户。否则，处理过程跳过步骤120，进到步骤122。在步骤122，处理过程检验用于获取参数监控数据(PMON)的设置值。PMON设置可以具有两种可能的状态：0，其对应于禁止自动获取来自POL调整器的参数监控数据；以及1，其对应于使能自动获取来自POL调整器的参数监控数据。PMON设置在包括在非易失性存储器34中的DPM配置寄存器中规定。如果PMON设 置为零，则处理过程进到步骤124，在该步骤中，处理过程获取对于所选的组中的POL的参数数据。否则，处理过程返回到步骤108，并重复进行对于下一组POL调整器的循环。在对于每组POL调整器的循环都完成后，处理过程返回到步骤104，等待下一个时钟周期的开始。 
图6示出了通过包含在数字功率管理器12中的不同存储器部分的命令和数据的通信。写保护(WP)寄存器33，35，37限制对非易失性存储器34和POL调整器22a-22c中的存储器模块的写访问。POL调整器22a-22c被显示为每个具有相应的SD接  92和POL寄存器94。如图6所示，非易失性存储器34的内容已经被写入到RAM 36，并且控制器访问RAM以使用和更新数据。I2C接口38或SD接口42可以通过使用读或写注释来访问RAM 36的内容。WP寄存器33，35，37在数字功率管理器12上电时被缺省设置为写保护，从而阻止DPM寄存器或POL设置寄存器的改变。具体来说，WP寄存器33阻止用户写入到DPM寄存器，WP寄存器35阻止用户写入到POL设置寄存器，并且WP寄存器37阻止用户写入到POL寄存器94。用户可以(经由I2C接口38)从任何寄存器读出数据，并可自由写入到用户存储器。POL调整器只能从POL设置寄存器读出数据，并只能把数据写入到监控数据寄存器。为了改变POL调整器或数字功率管理器12的编程，用户必须首先如通过检验在GUI中的适当的方框或经由I2C总线禁止写保护寄存器。当输入功率到数字功率管理器12输入功率时，写保护被自动恢复。 
图7示出了使得用户能够监控POL调整器的性能的GUI。通过使用GUI，用户可以对希望被监控的POL调整器的特定性能参数进行编程，以及对更新监控数据的频率进行编程。另外，性能监控编程对于每个POL组可以是不同的。在屏幕的顶部，功率控制系统的每个POL调整器连同状态图标一起被列出。状态图标可包括反映POL调整器的工作状态的颜色。例如，如果用于POL调整器的状态图标是绿色，则编程数据已被成功地传送到POL调整器。相反，如果用于POL 调整器的状态图标是红色，则编程数据没有被成功地传送到POL调整器。GUI还以图形方式显示了随时间消逝的环形缓存器的参数。GUI还包括使各个POL调整器或POL调整器组能够被关断的按钮。数字功率管理器还监控它已经工作的持续时间。无论何时数字功率管理器被上电，运行时间计数器都是工作的。新的计数器状态在每天连续工作时被保存到非易失性存储器至少一次。计数器的内容可以通过使用高和低电平命令在GUI中或直接经由I2C总线被检验。 
这样已经描述了用于控制和监控DC/DC功率变换器阵列的方法和系统的一个优选实施例，本领域技术人员应当看到，已得到系统的某些优点。还应当理解，可以做出本发明的各种修改方案、适配和替代实施例，而不会背离本发明的范围和精神。 

Claims (35)

1.功率控制系统，包括：
多个负载点调整器，每个适用于将调整后的功率输送给负载；
工作连接所述多个负载点调整器的串行数据总线；和
连接到所述串行数据总线的数字功率管理器，所述数字功率管理器包括控制器，所述控制器适用于执行所存储的指令，以经由所述串行数据总线对所述多个负载点调整器的工作参数进行编程，并经由所述串行数据总线接收来自所述多个负载点调整器的监控数据；以及为多个负载点组的每一个实施故障管理方案；
其中根据所述多个负载点调整器供应电压的负载的特性，所述多个负载点调整器被虚拟地分组到多个负载点组中。
2.权利要求1的功率控制系统，其中所述数字功率管理器还包括用户接口，适用于从其接收编程数据，并将所述监控数据发送给它。
3.权利要求2的功率控制系统，其中所述用户接口还包括I2C接口。
4.权利要求1的功率控制系统，其中所述数字功率管理器还包括包含多个寄存器的非易失性存储器。
5.权利要求4的功率控制系统，其中所述多个寄存器包括数字功率管理器配置寄存器，存储有规定了功率控制系统的配置的数据值。
6.权利要求4的功率控制系统，其中所述多个寄存器包括至少一个负载点设置寄存器，存储有反映所述多个负载点调整器之一的编程状态的数据值。
7.权利要求4的功率控制系统，其中所述多个寄存器包括至少一个负载点监控寄存器，存储有反映所述多个负载点调整器之一的操作情况的状态的数据值。
8.权利要求7的功率控制系统，其中所述至少一个负载点监控寄存器包括环形缓存器。
9.权利要求4的功率控制系统，其中所述多个寄存器包括用户可规定的空间。
10.权利要求1的功率控制系统，其中所述数字功率管理器还包括上电复位装置，适用于延迟控制器的初始化，直至输入功率稳定在一个适当的电平为止。
11.权利要求1的功率控制系统，其中所述数字功率管理器还包括监控装置，适用于接收反映系统电平情况的多个输入。
12.权利要求1的功率控制系统，还包括耦合到所述多个负载点组的各个负载点组上的多条OK状态线路。
13.权利要求1的功率控制系统，其中所述数字功率管理器适用于对所述多个负载点调整器中的每个负载点调整器的电压裕度进行编程。
14.权利要求1的功率控制系统，还包括工作耦合到所述数字功率管理器的至少一个主机用户系统，所述至少一个主机用户系统还包括提供功率控制系统的监控和编程的图形用户界面。
15.权利要求14的功率控制系统，其中所述图形用户界面还提供用于对所述多个负载点调整器中的每个负载点调整器的电压裕度进行编程的接口。
16.权利要求14的功率控制系统，其中所述图形用户界面还提供了用于监控所述多个负载点调整器的操作情况的接口。
17.权利要求14的功率控制系统，其中所述图形用户界面还提供的用于对所述多个负载点调整器进行编程的接口。
18.权利要求1的功率控制系统，其中所述多个负载点调整器中的每一个还包括相应的电压变换器。
19.权利要求1的功率控制系统，其中所述多个负载点调整器中的每一个还包括相应的DC-DC变换器。
20.权利要求1的功率控制系统，其中所述数字功率管理器适用于经由所述串行数据总线接收来自所述多个负载点调整器的故障检测信息。
21.在功率控制系统中使用的功率管理器，包括多个负载点调整器，每个负载点调整器具有一个适用于将调整后的功率输送给负载的相应功率变换电路，以及工作连接所述多个负载点调整器的串行数据总线，所述功率管理器包括控制器，所述控制器适用于执行所存储的指令，以经由所述串行数据总线对所述多个负载点调整器的工作参数进行编程，并经由所述串行数据总线接收来自所述多个负载点调整器的监控数据，以及为负载点组实施实施故障管理方案，所述负载点组是多个负载点组中的一个，
其中根据所述多个负载点调整器供应电压的负载的特性，所述多个负载点调整器被虚拟地分组到多个负载点组中。
22.权利要求21的功率管理器，还包括用户接口，适用于从其接收编程数据，并发送所述监控数据给它。
23.权利要求22的功率管理器，其中所述用户接口还包括I2C接口。
24.权利要求21的功率管理器，其中所述功率管理器还包括包含多个寄存器的非易失性存储器。
25.权利要求24的功率管理器，其中所述多个寄存器包括功率管理器配置寄存器，存储有规定了功率控制系统的配置的数据值。
26.权利要求24的功率管理器，其中所述多个寄存器包括至少一个负载点设置寄存器，存储有反映所述多个负载点调整器之一的编程状态的数据值。
27.权利要求24的功率管理器，其中所述多个寄存器包括至少一个负载点监控寄存器，存储有反映所述多个负载点调整器之一的操作情况的状态的数据值。
28.权利要求27的功率管理器，其中所述至少一个负载点监控寄存器包括环形缓存器。
29.权利要求24的功率管理器，其中所述多个寄存器包括用户可规定的空间。
30.权利要求21的功率管理器，还包括上电复位装置，适用于延迟控制器的初始化，直至输入功率稳定在一个适当的电平为止。
31.权利要求21的功率管理器，还包括监控装置，适用于接收反映系统电平条件的多个输入。
32.权利要求21的功率管理器，还包括工作耦合到多条OK状态线路的接口，所述OK状态线路被耦合到所述多个负载点调整器中的相应的负载点调整器上。
33.权利要求21的功率管理器，其中所述控制器适用于对所述多个负载点调整器中的每个负载点调整器的电压裕度进行编程。
34.权利要求21的功率管理器，其中所述控制器适用于经由所述串行数据总线接收来自所述多个负载点调整器的故障检测信息。
35.权利要求21的功率管理器，还包括集成电路。
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EP1769382A2 (en) 2007-04-04
WO2006019569A3 (en) 2007-05-18
US7394445B2 (en) 2008-07-01
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